Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.4067/S0717-65382017000100017
I. C. Werlinger, O. Salamanca
The presence of heavy metals in organisms tissues from the Rocuant Island, Concepcion Bay, is analyzed. The study was carried out on the bivalve Tagelus dombeii (“navajuela”), Mulinia edulis (“taquilla”), the seaweeds Gracilaria chilensis (“pelillo”) and Rhodymenia sp (“rodymenia”) and the fi sh Stromateus stellatus (“pampanito “). The metals analyzed were Cd, Fe, Hg, Pb and Zn and there were no previous records in the locality. The sampling for benthic organisms was carried out by “hooka” diving, while fi sh were caught using a fi shing nets. In general, metals concentrations are comparable to values reported in the literature for the same species in other areas of central Chilean coast. This suggests they refl ect a natural condition and the levels of Cd, Hg and Pb in the bivalve mollusks are under the acceptance levels for products to export. It should be noticed that Pb content in these organisms is under the analytical detection limits in all organisms, as well as Cd in the fi sh S. stellatus and the seaweeds G. chilensis. The Fe content in Rhodymenia sp. shows the highest absolute value of the whole study.
分析了康塞普西翁湾罗昆特岛生物体组织中重金属的存在。本研究以双壳类多姆贝（Tagelus dombeii，智利龙须菜（Gracilia chilensis，“pello”）和Rhodymenia sp（“rodymenia”）以及星状铁藻（fi sh Stromateus stellatus，“pampanito”）。分析的金属为Cd、Fe、Hg、Pb和Zn，当地以前没有记录。海底生物的采样是通过“水钩”潜水进行的，而鱼是用渔网捕获的。一般来说，金属浓度与智利中部海岸其他地区同一物种文献中报告的值相当。这表明它们反映了一种自然条件，双壳软体动物中的Cd、Hg和Pb水平低于出口产品的可接受水平。值得注意的是，这些生物中的铅含量在所有生物中都低于分析检测限，在星状小蠊和智利海藻中的镉含量也低于分析检测极限。Rhodymenia sp.的Fe含量在整个研究中显示出最高的绝对值。
{"title":"Contenido de metales en muestras biológicas de la isla Rocuant, bahía Concepción, Chile","authors":"I. C. Werlinger, O. Salamanca","doi":"10.4067/S0717-65382017000100017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-65382017000100017","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of heavy metals in organisms tissues from the Rocuant Island, Concepcion Bay, is analyzed. The study was carried out on the bivalve Tagelus dombeii (“navajuela”), Mulinia edulis (“taquilla”), the seaweeds Gracilaria chilensis (“pelillo”) and Rhodymenia sp (“rodymenia”) and the fi sh Stromateus stellatus (“pampanito “). The metals analyzed were Cd, Fe, Hg, Pb and Zn and there were no previous records in the locality. The sampling for benthic organisms was carried out by “hooka” diving, while fi sh were caught using a fi shing nets. In general, metals concentrations are comparable to values reported in the literature for the same species in other areas of central Chilean coast. This suggests they refl ect a natural condition and the levels of Cd, Hg and Pb in the bivalve mollusks are under the acceptance levels for products to export. It should be noticed that Pb content in these organisms is under the analytical detection limits in all organisms, as well as Cd in the fi sh S. stellatus and the seaweeds G. chilensis. The Fe content in Rhodymenia sp. shows the highest absolute value of the whole study.","PeriodicalId":55128,"journal":{"name":"GAYANA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/S0717-65382017000100017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41373124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.4067/S0717-65382017000100022
J. Ipinza-Regla, A. Fernández, M. Morales, J. Araya
Hermetism, a behavior that isolates ant colonies, was studied in the laboratory between two ant species in Chile, Camponotus morosus Smith and Linepithema humile Mayr. Ants from fi ve nests of C. morosus and L. humile were used, transferring ten individuals per nest of one of the colonies to receiving nests of the other. Conducts, including antennal exploration (AE), mandible opening (MO), dorsal fl exion of the abdomen (DFA), biting (Bi), ventral fl exion of the abdomen (VFA), fi ght (Fi), transport of the intruder ant (TI), moving backwards (MB), and death (De) were recorded during ten min, with ten replicates. The times of occurrence ± SD of each event were analyzed with the Student t test. The events AE, MO, DFA, and MB had a short latency time in receiving L. humile, while C. morosus presented lesser latency for the events Bi, VFA, and Fi. When analyzing by χ2 the frequency of occurrence of each event per species, AE and MO were similar in both species, and in aggression and rejection events like DFA, Bi, VFA, Fi, MB, TI, and De, there were greater frequencies of observations in C. morosus that in L. humile. From these results, C. morosus is a more hermetic ant than L. humile.
{"title":"Hermetism between Camponotus morosus Smith and Linepithema humile Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","authors":"J. Ipinza-Regla, A. Fernández, M. Morales, J. Araya","doi":"10.4067/S0717-65382017000100022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-65382017000100022","url":null,"abstract":"Hermetism, a behavior that isolates ant colonies, was studied in the laboratory between two ant species in Chile, Camponotus morosus Smith and Linepithema humile Mayr. Ants from fi ve nests of C. morosus and L. humile were used, transferring ten individuals per nest of one of the colonies to receiving nests of the other. Conducts, including antennal exploration (AE), mandible opening (MO), dorsal fl exion of the abdomen (DFA), biting (Bi), ventral fl exion of the abdomen (VFA), fi ght (Fi), transport of the intruder ant (TI), moving backwards (MB), and death (De) were recorded during ten min, with ten replicates. The times of occurrence ± SD of each event were analyzed with the Student t test. The events AE, MO, DFA, and MB had a short latency time in receiving L. humile, while C. morosus presented lesser latency for the events Bi, VFA, and Fi. When analyzing by χ2 the frequency of occurrence of each event per species, AE and MO were similar in both species, and in aggression and rejection events like DFA, Bi, VFA, Fi, MB, TI, and De, there were greater frequencies of observations in C. morosus that in L. humile. From these results, C. morosus is a more hermetic ant than L. humile.","PeriodicalId":55128,"journal":{"name":"GAYANA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/S0717-65382017000100022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42580325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.4067/S0717-65382017000100001
Francisco Gómez-Capponi, F. Correa-Araneda, María E. Díaz, M. Olguín, F. Encina-Montoya, R. Figueroa
Decomposition of leaf litter is a fundamental process for the functioning of forested wetlands. The rapid increment of forest plantations has involved a greater contribution of leaf litter of exotic origin to these ecosystems. The decomposition rate between leaf litter of native and exotic origin in a forested wetland of the Mediterranean zone of Chile was compared, as well as the contribution of bacteria and macroinvertebrate to this process. It was determined that the decomposition rate of the leaf litter presented signifi cant differences (p < 0.05) between species, being faster in those of non-native origin. This could be due to differences in ecophysiological aspects of the leaves like the presence of chemical compounds such as waxes or oils. Both analyzed communities were relevant in the studied process. However, bacteria contributed mostly to the decomposition of both types of leaves. The implications of the physical and chemical characteristics of the leaves and the water on the processing of the foliar material are discussed.
{"title":"Leaf litter decomposition from native and non-native species in a freshwater forested wetland of Chile","authors":"Francisco Gómez-Capponi, F. Correa-Araneda, María E. Díaz, M. Olguín, F. Encina-Montoya, R. Figueroa","doi":"10.4067/S0717-65382017000100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-65382017000100001","url":null,"abstract":"Decomposition of leaf litter is a fundamental process for the functioning of forested wetlands. The rapid increment of forest plantations has involved a greater contribution of leaf litter of exotic origin to these ecosystems. The decomposition rate between leaf litter of native and exotic origin in a forested wetland of the Mediterranean zone of Chile was compared, as well as the contribution of bacteria and macroinvertebrate to this process. It was determined that the decomposition rate of the leaf litter presented signifi cant differences (p < 0.05) between species, being faster in those of non-native origin. This could be due to differences in ecophysiological aspects of the leaves like the presence of chemical compounds such as waxes or oils. Both analyzed communities were relevant in the studied process. However, bacteria contributed mostly to the decomposition of both types of leaves. The implications of the physical and chemical characteristics of the leaves and the water on the processing of the foliar material are discussed.","PeriodicalId":55128,"journal":{"name":"GAYANA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/S0717-65382017000100001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46258945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-16DOI: 10.4067/S0717-65382017000200111
Pabla Hernández, Helen Díaz-Páez, Eduardo Tarifeño-Silva
This study analyzed the synthesis of glucose in Pleurodema thaul exposed to cold thermal stress as an antifreezing molecule. The plasma glucose concentrations were measured using a glucose meter Accu-Chek Active and a commercial kit. The results showed signifi cant increase of plasma glucose in individuals under the cold thermal stress, indicating that glucose have a function as antifreeze mechanism in this species.
{"title":"Primeros registros de incremento en los niveles plasmáticos de glucosa en individuos adultos de Pleurodema thaul (Lesson, 1826) (Anura: Leptodactylidae) sometidos a estrés por frío","authors":"Pabla Hernández, Helen Díaz-Páez, Eduardo Tarifeño-Silva","doi":"10.4067/S0717-65382017000200111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-65382017000200111","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the synthesis of glucose in Pleurodema thaul exposed to cold thermal stress as an antifreezing molecule. The plasma glucose concentrations were measured using a glucose meter Accu-Chek Active and a commercial kit. The results showed signifi cant increase of plasma glucose in individuals under the cold thermal stress, indicating that glucose have a function as antifreeze mechanism in this species.","PeriodicalId":55128,"journal":{"name":"GAYANA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/S0717-65382017000200111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43021879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-16DOI: 10.4067/S0717-65382017000200039
F. M. Alfaro, Jaime Pizarro-Araya
The estimate of the richness is an essential element in the characterization of biodiversity, so that regional inventories of certain groups of taxa as epigean coleopterans are important for planning conservation efforts in protected natural areas. By using accumulation curves and non-parametric estimators, the quality of various samples on estimating the richness of epigean coleopterans of the Pinguino Humboldt National Reserve (Atacama and Coquimbo Regions, Chile) was evaluated. The asymptotic models tested showed theoretical species richness close to that observed in the Choros and Damas islands, however in Chanaral Island no clear asymptote was observed, suggesting an incomplete inventory. All estimators evaluated showed richness values greater to the observed values for all the studied islands, however its accumulation curves did not stabilize in any island except for ICE and Jack 2 in Choros and Damas. We propose to conduct additional sampling in particular habitats of this reserve, as well as to include other seasons of the year and different years in order to register rare species not recorded to date by our sampling.
{"title":"Estimación de la riqueza de coleópteros epigeos de la Reserva Nacional Pingüino de Humboldt (Regiones de Atacama y Coquimbo, Chile)","authors":"F. M. Alfaro, Jaime Pizarro-Araya","doi":"10.4067/S0717-65382017000200039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-65382017000200039","url":null,"abstract":"The estimate of the richness is an essential element in the characterization of biodiversity, so that regional inventories of certain groups of taxa as epigean coleopterans are important for planning conservation efforts in protected natural areas. By using accumulation curves and non-parametric estimators, the quality of various samples on estimating the richness of epigean coleopterans of the Pinguino Humboldt National Reserve (Atacama and Coquimbo Regions, Chile) was evaluated. The asymptotic models tested showed theoretical species richness close to that observed in the Choros and Damas islands, however in Chanaral Island no clear asymptote was observed, suggesting an incomplete inventory. All estimators evaluated showed richness values greater to the observed values for all the studied islands, however its accumulation curves did not stabilize in any island except for ICE and Jack 2 in Choros and Damas. We propose to conduct additional sampling in particular habitats of this reserve, as well as to include other seasons of the year and different years in order to register rare species not recorded to date by our sampling.","PeriodicalId":55128,"journal":{"name":"GAYANA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46206471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-16DOI: 10.4067/S0717-65382017000200100
M. Vidal, J. Ortiz, Gustavo Escobar, Fernando Torres-Pérez
In the present study, the taxonomic status of Microlophus heterolepis and M. yanezi is reviewed. Although M. heterolepis is one of the identifi ed species present in Chile, incongruity about their geographical distribution, habitat and ecological characteristics are evident, so its true determination is an issue. Type materials and original descriptions of M. heterolepis were compared with its closest species M. yanezi, and morphological (scaling, lineal morphometric and geometric morphometric) and molecular analysis (cytb) were performed. The results show that: 1) M. heterolepis was originally described for the locality of Tacna in Peru, 2) morphological descriptions by Donoso-Barros (1966) correspond to a lizard in the desert, but their ecological characteristics were described erroneously as a kind of rocky intertidal, and 3) there is agreement with previous authors that both species are valid. However, based on our results, the geographical distribution of M. heterolepis is restricted to Peru, while M. yanezi is a validly described species from Chile.
{"title":"Identidad taxonómica de Microlophus heterolepis (Wiegmann, 1835) y Microlophus yanezi (Ortiz, 1980): Dos buenas especies del desierto interior de Chile y Perú","authors":"M. Vidal, J. Ortiz, Gustavo Escobar, Fernando Torres-Pérez","doi":"10.4067/S0717-65382017000200100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-65382017000200100","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the taxonomic status of Microlophus heterolepis and M. yanezi is reviewed. Although M. heterolepis is one of the identifi ed species present in Chile, incongruity about their geographical distribution, habitat and ecological characteristics are evident, so its true determination is an issue. Type materials and original descriptions of M. heterolepis were compared with its closest species M. yanezi, and morphological (scaling, lineal morphometric and geometric morphometric) and molecular analysis (cytb) were performed. The results show that: 1) M. heterolepis was originally described for the locality of Tacna in Peru, 2) morphological descriptions by Donoso-Barros (1966) correspond to a lizard in the desert, but their ecological characteristics were described erroneously as a kind of rocky intertidal, and 3) there is agreement with previous authors that both species are valid. However, based on our results, the geographical distribution of M. heterolepis is restricted to Peru, while M. yanezi is a validly described species from Chile.","PeriodicalId":55128,"journal":{"name":"GAYANA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41807258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-16DOI: 10.4067/S0717-65382017000200064
L. E. Parra, H. Vargas, M. Sanzana, Cristián E. Hernández
Phylogenetic study of the genera of South American Austral Trichopterygini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae): a new classifi cation. In this work, we evaluate the taxonomy of the Trichopterygini in Chile based on a phylogenetic analysis of the morphological attributes. In our analysis, we used Tatosoma and Sauris as outgroups. Two approaches were used to evaluate phylogenetic relationships: 1) parsimony criterion, and 2) Bayesian inference. Parsimony analysis was conducted in PAUP software, and Bayesian analysis with Markov chain Monte Carlo using the BayesPhylogenies software. Our results based on the phylogenetic hypothesis suggest a new taxonomic order for Trichopterygini of the Andean Region of Southern South America. The valid genera are: Arrayanaria Parra, Butleriana Parra, Danielaparra Kemal & Kocak, Fueguina Parra, Hoplosauris Butler, Lagynopteryx Berg, Llampidken Parra & Santos-Salas, Pachrophylla Blanchard, Parapachrophylla Parra, Rindgenaria Parra, Tomopteryx Philippi, Triptila Warren, Triptiloides Parra & Santos-Salas, Warrenaria Parra. The main changes with respect to the previous taxonomic order are: 1) the genus Lagynopteryx Berg is subordinated under the Trichopterygini; 2) Toxopaltes Warren is a junior synonym of Lagynopteryx; 3) Hoplosauris moesta is transferred to the genus Llampidken; 4) Llampidken valdiviana is a junior synonym of L. moesta; 5) Oparabia arenosa is newly combined with the genus Arrayanaria; 6) Danielaparra viridis is a junior synonym of D. fragmentata; 7) Lobophoraimbricaria is newly combined with the genus Danielaparra; 8) Triptiloides fasciata is a junior synonym of T. randallae; and 9) Parapachrophylla michelleae Parra n. sp. is described. Andean Region species are more closely related to the genus Tatosoma from New Zealand, the synapomorphies that demonstrate this are: swollen metaepimeron and hypertrophy of the second abdominal segment. A checklist of the genera and species of the tribe in the region, and the fi gures of adults and genitalia of some species are included.
标题南美南方毛蛾属的系统发育研究(鳞翅目:尺蛾科，毛蛾科)。在这项工作中，我们基于形态属性的系统发育分析评估智利毛蕨的分类。在我们的分析中，我们使用了Tatosoma和Sauris作为外群体。系统发育关系的评价采用两种方法:1)简约准则和2)贝叶斯推理。在PAUP软件中进行简约性分析，在BayesPhylogenies软件中使用马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗进行贝叶斯分析。我们的研究结果基于系统发育假说，提出了南美洲南部安第斯地区毛毛虫的一个新的分类顺序。有效属有:Arrayanaria Parra, Butleriana Parra, Danielaparra Kemal & Kocak, Fueguina Parra, Hoplosauris Butler, lagynoteryx Berg, Llampidken Parra & Santos-Salas, Pachrophylla Blanchard, Parra Parra, Rindgenaria Parra, Tomopteryx Philippi, tritila Warren, tritiloides Parra & Santos-Salas, Warrenaria Parra。与以往的分类顺序相比，主要的变化是:(1)Lagynopteryx Berg属隶属于毛蕨属;2)华氏弓形虫是龙鸟的初级同义词;(3) moesta hopplosaurus被转移到Llampidken属;4) Llampidken valdiviana是L. moesta的初级同义词;(5)沙雀属与沙雀属新合并;6) Danielaparra viridis是D. fragmentata的初级同义种;7) loophoraimbricaria与Danielaparra属新合并;8)筋膜雷公藤属的初级同义种;9)描述了michellepaachrophylla Parra n. sp.。安第斯地区的种类与新西兰的Tatosoma属关系更近，证明这一点的突触形态是:肿胀的后表肌和第二腹部节肥大。包括该地区部落的属和种的清单，以及一些物种的成虫和生殖器的外形。
{"title":"Estudio filogenético de los géneros de Trichopterygini de Sudamérica Austral (Lepidoptera: Geometridae): una nueva clasifi cación","authors":"L. E. Parra, H. Vargas, M. Sanzana, Cristián E. Hernández","doi":"10.4067/S0717-65382017000200064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-65382017000200064","url":null,"abstract":"Phylogenetic study of the genera of South American Austral Trichopterygini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae): a new classifi cation. In this work, we evaluate the taxonomy of the Trichopterygini in Chile based on a phylogenetic analysis of the morphological attributes. In our analysis, we used Tatosoma and Sauris as outgroups. Two approaches were used to evaluate phylogenetic relationships: 1) parsimony criterion, and 2) Bayesian inference. Parsimony analysis was conducted in PAUP software, and Bayesian analysis with Markov chain Monte Carlo using the BayesPhylogenies software. Our results based on the phylogenetic hypothesis suggest a new taxonomic order for Trichopterygini of the Andean Region of Southern South America. The valid genera are: Arrayanaria Parra, Butleriana Parra, Danielaparra Kemal & Kocak, Fueguina Parra, Hoplosauris Butler, Lagynopteryx Berg, Llampidken Parra & Santos-Salas, Pachrophylla Blanchard, Parapachrophylla Parra, Rindgenaria Parra, Tomopteryx Philippi, Triptila Warren, Triptiloides Parra & Santos-Salas, Warrenaria Parra. The main changes with respect to the previous taxonomic order are: 1) the genus Lagynopteryx Berg is subordinated under the Trichopterygini; 2) Toxopaltes Warren is a junior synonym of Lagynopteryx; 3) Hoplosauris moesta is transferred to the genus Llampidken; 4) Llampidken valdiviana is a junior synonym of L. moesta; 5) Oparabia arenosa is newly combined with the genus Arrayanaria; 6) Danielaparra viridis is a junior synonym of D. fragmentata; 7) Lobophoraimbricaria is newly combined with the genus Danielaparra; 8) Triptiloides fasciata is a junior synonym of T. randallae; and 9) Parapachrophylla michelleae Parra n. sp. is described. Andean Region species are more closely related to the genus Tatosoma from New Zealand, the synapomorphies that demonstrate this are: swollen metaepimeron and hypertrophy of the second abdominal segment. A checklist of the genera and species of the tribe in the region, and the fi gures of adults and genitalia of some species are included.","PeriodicalId":55128,"journal":{"name":"GAYANA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70346884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.4067/S0717-65382016000200147
A. Marín, V. González, B. Lapo, E. Molina, M. Lemus
The total content of Hg was evaluated in surface sediments at three localities in the coastal area of the province of El Oro, Ecuador. In each locality nine area of sampling were established, in which the total solids (ST), humidity (H), organic matter (MO) and Hg was analyzed. The Hg concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, by hydride generation with atomization in a quartz cell. The concentrations of Hg showed signifi cant differences between localities, with the largest concentration in the Huayla estuary (range: 6,57-7,61 mg kg-1) and the lowest in Bajo Alto (range: 3,46-4,83 mg kg-1). The levels of Hg in sediments suggest a clear anthropic incorporation in the three localities of the coastal profi le of the province of El Oro, which represent a risk to the biota and human health.
{"title":"Niveles de mercurio en sedimentos de la zona costera de El Oro, Ecuador","authors":"A. Marín, V. González, B. Lapo, E. Molina, M. Lemus","doi":"10.4067/S0717-65382016000200147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-65382016000200147","url":null,"abstract":"The total content of Hg was evaluated in surface sediments at three localities in the coastal area of the province of El Oro, Ecuador. In each locality nine area of sampling were established, in which the total solids (ST), humidity (H), organic matter (MO) and Hg was analyzed. The Hg concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, by hydride generation with atomization in a quartz cell. The concentrations of Hg showed signifi cant differences between localities, with the largest concentration in the Huayla estuary (range: 6,57-7,61 mg kg-1) and the lowest in Bajo Alto (range: 3,46-4,83 mg kg-1). The levels of Hg in sediments suggest a clear anthropic incorporation in the three localities of the coastal profi le of the province of El Oro, which represent a risk to the biota and human health.","PeriodicalId":55128,"journal":{"name":"GAYANA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4067/S0717-65382016000200147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70346041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.4067/S0717-65382016000200154
C. Tapia, L. Parra, A. Mutis, G. Gajardo, A. Quiroz
Previous researches have established that the swim speed of some microcrustaceans is infl uenced by chemical compounds emitted by conspecifi cs. We examined the hypothesis that cuticular compounds present on the body surface of A. franciscana, the most widespread member of Artemia genus, play a role in the swim speed of conspecifi c males. The movements (swim) of one male confronted to a sponge soaked with female or male cuticular extract, were recorded during 30 minutes and the swim speed was determined using a behavioral tracking software (Ethovision 3.1, Noldus Technologies). As a control, the movements of one male confronted to a sponge soaked with salty water or with a mixture of the solvents used in the extraction (chloroform-methanol), was recorded. The results showed that cuticular compounds from either female or male increase 1.5 (ca.) times the swim speed of males in comparison with the controls treatments salty water and the solvents. There was no a signifi cant difference between the controls (salty water and chloroform-methanol). Chemical characterization was developed by sterifi cation of the cuticular extracts and analyses by GC-FID and GC-MS. Four saturated fatty acid (myristic acid, palmitic acid, estearic acid, arachidic acid) and fi ve insaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid, linoleic acid 3n3, cis-11-eicosanoic acid, euric acid) were identifi ed. Myristic acid was found in female cuticular extract, but not in male cuticular extract. Results suggest that chemical compounds present in the cuticular surface of A. franciscana females could have an important role in the intra-specifi c recognition in this specie.
{"title":"Fatty acid methyl esters extracted from the cuticular surface of Artemia franciscana (Kellogs, 1906) (Crustacea: Anostraca) increase the swim speed of conspecific males","authors":"C. Tapia, L. Parra, A. Mutis, G. Gajardo, A. Quiroz","doi":"10.4067/S0717-65382016000200154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-65382016000200154","url":null,"abstract":"Previous researches have established that the swim speed of some microcrustaceans is infl uenced by chemical compounds emitted by conspecifi cs. We examined the hypothesis that cuticular compounds present on the body surface of A. franciscana, the most widespread member of Artemia genus, play a role in the swim speed of conspecifi c males. The movements (swim) of one male confronted to a sponge soaked with female or male cuticular extract, were recorded during 30 minutes and the swim speed was determined using a behavioral tracking software (Ethovision 3.1, Noldus Technologies). As a control, the movements of one male confronted to a sponge soaked with salty water or with a mixture of the solvents used in the extraction (chloroform-methanol), was recorded. The results showed that cuticular compounds from either female or male increase 1.5 (ca.) times the swim speed of males in comparison with the controls treatments salty water and the solvents. There was no a signifi cant difference between the controls (salty water and chloroform-methanol). Chemical characterization was developed by sterifi cation of the cuticular extracts and analyses by GC-FID and GC-MS. Four saturated fatty acid (myristic acid, palmitic acid, estearic acid, arachidic acid) and fi ve insaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid, linoleic acid 3n3, cis-11-eicosanoic acid, euric acid) were identifi ed. Myristic acid was found in female cuticular extract, but not in male cuticular extract. Results suggest that chemical compounds present in the cuticular surface of A. franciscana females could have an important role in the intra-specifi c recognition in this specie.","PeriodicalId":55128,"journal":{"name":"GAYANA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70346353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-01DOI: 10.4067/S0717-65382016000200169
A. Ojanguren-Affilastro, Ricardo Botero-Trujillo, A. Castex, J. Pizarro-Araya
New data about several aspects of the biology of scorpions of genus Brachistosternus of the Atacama Desert are provided. Predatory techniques on tenebrionid larvae, and large spiders in their burrows are described, as well as the method used to transport large preys. The habitat of Brachistosternus mattonii Ojanguren-Affilastro 2005, by the tide line, is described for the first time. Finally a new type of pedipalp macroseta of Bothriuridae is described.
{"title":"Biological aspects of the genus Brachistosternus (Bothriuridae) in the Atacama Desert (Chile), with the description of a new type of pedipalp macroseta","authors":"A. Ojanguren-Affilastro, Ricardo Botero-Trujillo, A. Castex, J. Pizarro-Araya","doi":"10.4067/S0717-65382016000200169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-65382016000200169","url":null,"abstract":"New data about several aspects of the biology of scorpions of genus Brachistosternus of the Atacama Desert are provided. Predatory techniques on tenebrionid larvae, and large spiders in their burrows are described, as well as the method used to transport large preys. The habitat of Brachistosternus mattonii Ojanguren-Affilastro 2005, by the tide line, is described for the first time. Finally a new type of pedipalp macroseta of Bothriuridae is described.","PeriodicalId":55128,"journal":{"name":"GAYANA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70346463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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