Fungal Genetics and Biology最新文献

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Exploring endophytic fungi from Cynodon dactylon: GC–MS profiling and biological activity 短爪蟹内生真菌的GC-MS分析及生物活性研究。

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Fungal Genetics and Biology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103959

Aishwarya K. Kamunkar , R. Nischitha

The rapid decline of significant plant species due to deforestation and slow regrowth has endangered many trees that are crucial for producing life-saving medications. This dual crisis of conserving plant biodiversity while meeting pharmaceutical demands necessitates innovative solutions. Endophytic fungi, naturally occurring symbionts within plants, present an eco-friendly and economically viable alternative. These fungi can produce a wide range of bioactive compounds, offering a sustainable source of pharmaceuticals. This study investigated endophytic fungi isolated from the inflorescence, leaf, and culm of Cynodon dactylon, a perennial medicinal grass. The research involved the isolation of endophytic fungi on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and water agar (WA), extracting secondary metabolites, and performing antimicrobial and antioxidant assays and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) profiling. A total of 21 endophytic fungi were isolated, with species of Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium being predominant. These fungi were identified through morphological and molecular (internal transcribed sequences-ITS) characterization. Based on factors such as fungal dominance and specificity, five fungi (Aspergillus chevalieri, Aspergillus stellatus, Hypoxylon sp., and Xylaria apiculate) were selected and they exhibited significant activity against plant pathogens (Sclerotium rolfsii and Aspergillus niger) and radical scavenging properties in DPPH assays. GC–MS analysis revealed over twenty bioactive compounds in each fungal extract. These findings underscore the potential of endophytic fungi as sustainable sources of novel pharmaceuticals and effective biocontrol agents, offering a promising approach to address the current ecological and medicinal challenges.

由于森林砍伐和再生缓慢，重要植物物种的迅速减少已经危及许多对生产救命药物至关重要的树木。在满足制药需求的同时保护植物生物多样性的双重危机需要创新的解决方案。内生真菌是植物内天然存在的共生体，是一种生态友好且经济可行的替代品。这些真菌可以产生广泛的生物活性化合物，提供可持续的药物来源。研究了从多年生药用禾本科植物Cynodon dactylon的花序、叶片和茎中分离得到的内生真菌。本研究包括在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂（PDA）和水琼脂（WA）上分离内生真菌，提取次生代谢产物，进行抗菌和抗氧化检测以及气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析。共分离到内生真菌21种，以Alternaria、Aspergillus和Cladosporium为优势种。这些真菌通过形态学和分子（内部转录序列- its）鉴定。基于真菌优势度和特异性等因素，选择了5种真菌（chevaliaspergillus, Aspergillus stellatus, Hypoxylon sp.和Xylaria apiculate），它们在DPPH实验中对植物病原菌（Sclerotium rolfsii和Aspergillus niger）表现出显著的活性和自由基清除能力。GC-MS分析显示，每种真菌提取物中含有20多种生物活性化合物。这些发现强调了内生真菌作为新型药物和有效生物防治剂的可持续来源的潜力，为解决当前的生态和医学挑战提供了有希望的方法。

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引用次数: 0

FungANI, a BLAST-based program for analyzing average nucleotide identity (ANI) between two fungal genomes, enables easy fungal species delimitation FungANI是一个基于blast的程序，用于分析两个真菌基因组之间的平均核苷酸同源性（ANI），使真菌物种划分变得容易。

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Fungal Genetics and Biology

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2025.103969

Christophe Lalanne , Philippe Silar

Fungal species delimitation and phylogeny will likely rely in the future upon whole genome sequence comparison, as the costs of such sequences are rapidly decreasing. Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) between genomes is a convenient metric that can be rapidly calculated for species delimitation. However, there is presently no easy-to-use program calculating the ANI between two fungal genomes and providing easy-to interpret results that can be help mycologists having limited access to bioinformatic facilities. Here, we present FungANI, a customizable BLAST-based program that calculate ANI between genomes. The program primarily targets Linux workstations or servers but it can be run on the latest Windows, macOS and Linux 64-Bit operating systems as a standalone desktop application. It was tested with various publicly-available genomes from species belonging to the Sordariales order. It proved efficient to differentiate closely related species and retrace their possible phylogenetic relationships. However, FungANI did not perform well for phylogenetic reconstruction on a broader evolutionary scale such as inferring relationships between distant genera. The program is freely available at https://github.com/podo-gec/fungani.

真菌物种的划分和系统发育在未来很可能依赖于全基因组序列的比较，因为这种序列的成本正在迅速下降。基因组之间的平均核苷酸同一性（ANI）是一种方便的度量，可以快速计算物种划分。然而，目前还没有易于使用的程序来计算两个真菌基因组之间的ANI，并提供易于解释的结果，可以帮助有限的生物信息设施的真菌学家。在这里，我们提出了FungANI，一个可定制的基于blast的程序，计算基因组之间的ANI。该程序主要针对Linux工作站或服务器，但它可以作为一个独立的桌面应用程序在最新的Windows、macOS和64位Linux操作系统上运行。研究人员用各种公开的Sordariales目物种的基因组进行了测试。事实证明，它能有效地区分近亲物种，并追溯它们可能的系统发育关系。然而，FungANI在更广泛的进化尺度上的系统发育重建（如推断远缘属之间的关系）表现不佳。该程序可在https://github.com/podo-gec/fungani免费获得。

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引用次数: 0

Physical forces supporting hyphal growth 支持菌丝生长的物理力量。

IF 2.4 3区生物学 Q3 GENETICS & HEREDITY

Fungal Genetics and Biology

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2025.103961

Nicholas P. Money

Hyphae are viscoelastic tubes whose internal pressure pushes the cell membrane against the inner surface of the cell wall. Catalytic yielding of the wall allows this turgor to force its polymers apart as new materials are added to the surface of the growing tip. Turgor drops slightly as the wall expands, creating a pressure gradient that causes the cytoplasm to flow toward the tip. These physiological processes affect the rate of extension of the hypha and determine the magnitude of the force that it uses for invasive growth. This paper provides an overview of the experimental basis for this description of hyphal mechanics and explains the wider significance of biophysical studies on fungi and water molds.

菌丝是粘弹性管，其内部压力将细胞膜推向细胞壁的内表面。当新材料被添加到生长尖端的表面时，壁的催化生成允许这种膨胀迫使其聚合物分离。当细胞壁膨胀时，膨压会轻微下降，产生压力梯度，导致细胞质向尖端流动。这些生理过程影响菌丝的延伸速度，并决定其用于侵入性生长的力的大小。本文概述了菌丝力学描述的实验基础，并解释了真菌和水霉菌生物物理研究的更广泛意义。

引用次数: 0