Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908), a coccidian protist (Apicomplexa). It has a strong predilection for infecting the central nervous system. Researchers have therefore investigated its association with several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, bipolar disorder, cerebral palsy, depression, Guillain-Barre syndrome, multiple sclerosis, obsessive compulsive disorder, Parkinson's disease, personality disorders, and schizophrenia. Among these disorders the strongest evidence for a role of T. gondii exists for psychosis in general and schizophrenia in particular. This paper reviews the origins of this association, briefly summarises the current evidence in support, and discusses future research strategies.
弓形虫病是由弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)(Nicolle et Manceaux,1908 年)引起的,它是一种球形原生动物(Apicomplexa)。它极易感染中枢神经系统。因此,研究人员调查了它与几种神经和精神疾病的关系,包括阿尔茨海默病、注意力缺陷多动障碍、自闭症、双相情感障碍、脑瘫、抑郁症、格林-巴利综合征、多发性硬化症、强迫症、帕金森病、人格障碍和精神分裂症。在这些疾病中,最有力的证据表明淋病双球菌在精神病尤其是精神分裂症中的作用。本文回顾了这种关联的起源,简要总结了目前支持这种关联的证据,并讨论了未来的研究策略。
{"title":"The linking of toxoplasmosis and schizophrenia.","authors":"Edwin Fuller Torrey","doi":"10.14411/fp.2024.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2024.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908), a coccidian protist (Apicomplexa). It has a strong predilection for infecting the central nervous system. Researchers have therefore investigated its association with several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, bipolar disorder, cerebral palsy, depression, Guillain-Barre syndrome, multiple sclerosis, obsessive compulsive disorder, Parkinson's disease, personality disorders, and schizophrenia. Among these disorders the strongest evidence for a role of T. gondii exists for psychosis in general and schizophrenia in particular. This paper reviews the origins of this association, briefly summarises the current evidence in support, and discusses future research strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55154,"journal":{"name":"Folia Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martina Lisnerova, Pavla Bartosova-Sojkova, Monika Burgerova, Ivan Fiala
Myxozoans are microscopical parasites widely distributed in fish, with over 2,600 described species, but their actual diversity is still underestimated. Among salmonids, more than 70 myxozoan species have been identified. This study focuses on species of Chloromyxum Mingazzini, 1890 that infect salmonid kidneys, particularly C. majori Yasutake et Wood, 1957 and C. schurovi Shulman et Ieshko, 2003. Despite their similar spore morphology, they exhibit distinct host preferences, tissue affinities and geographical distributions. Chloromyxum schurovi predominantly infects the renal tubules of Salmo salar Linnaues and S. trutta Linnaeus in Europe, while C. majori targets the glomeruli of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and O. tshawytscha (Walbaum) in North America. The sequence data for C. majori and C. schurovi have been either missing or questionable. In our study, we examined the kidneys of two salmonid species for chloromyxid infections, using both morphological and molecular data to characterise Chloromyxum species in salmonids. The sequence of C. schurovi obtained in our study did not match the previously published parasite data. Instead, it clustered as an independent lineage sister to the Paramyxidium Freeman et Kristmundsson, 2018 clade gathering the species from various fish organs, including the urinary tract. Our findings clarified the taxonomic origin of the previous C. schurovi sequence as Myxidium giardi Cépède, 1906, highlighting the risks associated with the presence of myxozoan blood stages in the bloodstream of their fish host and the challenges of non-specific PCR amplification. We redescribe C. schurovi, thus contributing to a better understanding of the diversity and phylogeny of kidney-infecting species of Chloromyxum.
粘孢子虫是广泛分布于鱼类体内的微型寄生虫,已描述的种类超过 2,600 种,但其实际多样性仍被低估。在鲑科鱼类中,已经发现了 70 多种粘孢子虫。本研究的重点是感染鲑鱼肾脏的 Chloromyxum Mingazzini(1890 年)物种,尤其是 C. majori Yasutake et Wood(1957 年)和 C. schurovi Shulman et Ieshko(2003 年)。尽管它们的孢子形态相似,但在寄主偏好、组织亲缘关系和地理分布上却各不相同。Chloromyxum schurovi 主要感染欧洲的 Salmo salar Linnaues 和 S. trutta Linnaeus 的肾小管,而 C. majori 主要感染北美的 Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) 和 O. tshawytscha (Walbaum) 的肾小球。C.majori和C.schurovi的序列数据要么缺失,要么值得怀疑。在我们的研究中,我们对两种鲑鱼的肾脏进行了检查,利用形态学和分子数据来确定鲑鱼中氯霉菌的感染情况。我们在研究中获得的 C. schurovi 的序列与之前公布的寄生虫数据不符。相反,它作为一个独立的支系与 Paramyxidium Freeman et Kristmundsson(2018 年)支系姊妹,该支系聚集了来自各种鱼类器官(包括泌尿道)的物种。我们的研究结果澄清了之前的C. schurovi序列(Myxidium giardi Cépède, 1906)的分类起源,凸显了鱼类宿主血液中存在粘孢子虫血液阶段所带来的风险,以及非特异性PCR扩增所带来的挑战。我们对 C. schurovi 进行了重新描述,从而有助于更好地了解肾脏感染性氯膜虫物种的多样性和系统发育。
{"title":"Unraveling the mystery of a myxozoan parasite of the trout: redescription of Chloromyxum schurovi.","authors":"Martina Lisnerova, Pavla Bartosova-Sojkova, Monika Burgerova, Ivan Fiala","doi":"10.14411/fp.2024.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2024.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myxozoans are microscopical parasites widely distributed in fish, with over 2,600 described species, but their actual diversity is still underestimated. Among salmonids, more than 70 myxozoan species have been identified. This study focuses on species of Chloromyxum Mingazzini, 1890 that infect salmonid kidneys, particularly C. majori Yasutake et Wood, 1957 and C. schurovi Shulman et Ieshko, 2003. Despite their similar spore morphology, they exhibit distinct host preferences, tissue affinities and geographical distributions. Chloromyxum schurovi predominantly infects the renal tubules of Salmo salar Linnaues and S. trutta Linnaeus in Europe, while C. majori targets the glomeruli of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and O. tshawytscha (Walbaum) in North America. The sequence data for C. majori and C. schurovi have been either missing or questionable. In our study, we examined the kidneys of two salmonid species for chloromyxid infections, using both morphological and molecular data to characterise Chloromyxum species in salmonids. The sequence of C. schurovi obtained in our study did not match the previously published parasite data. Instead, it clustered as an independent lineage sister to the Paramyxidium Freeman et Kristmundsson, 2018 clade gathering the species from various fish organs, including the urinary tract. Our findings clarified the taxonomic origin of the previous C. schurovi sequence as Myxidium giardi Cépède, 1906, highlighting the risks associated with the presence of myxozoan blood stages in the bloodstream of their fish host and the challenges of non-specific PCR amplification. We redescribe C. schurovi, thus contributing to a better understanding of the diversity and phylogeny of kidney-infecting species of Chloromyxum.</p>","PeriodicalId":55154,"journal":{"name":"Folia Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786), a cestode of the Teniidae family, causes human cystic echinococcosis (CE) also known as hydatid disease. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato includes the G1, G3, G4, G5, G6/7 and G8/10 genotypes which are known to cause human CE. This study aimed to differentiate genotypes of E. granulosus s.l. complex by employing EmsB, a tandemly repeated multilocus microsatellite, using next-generation sequencing (MIC-NGS). Human and animal histopathology-confirmed hydatid cyst tissue samples and reference DNA samples of E. granulosus G1, G3, G4, G5, G6/7 and G10 underwent MIC-NGS assay with custom primers amplifying a 151 bp EmsB DNA fragment. NGS data were analysed using online Galaxy analysis pipeline, a phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA software, and haplotype networking was performed with PopArt 1.7. All sixty samples (49 from animals and 11 from humans) included were successfully identified and genotyped with a 100 % success rate. The study showed improved discrimination power to distinguish all study samples including closely related E. granulosus s.s. genotypes G1-G3. The maximum likelihood tree reaffirmed the monophyly of E. granulosus s.l. The median-joining haplotype networking revealed 12 distinct haplotypes. In conclusion, MIC-NGS assay was shown to be sensitive, specific and simple to apply to clinical samples offering a powerful discriminatory tool for the genotyping of E. granulosus s.l.
粒棘球蚴(Echinococcus granulosus,Batsch,1786 年)是一种天牛科绦虫,可引起人类囊性棘球蚴病(CE),又称包虫病。普通棘球蚴包括 G1、G3、G4、G5、G6/7 和 G8/10 基因型,已知这些基因型可导致人类囊性棘球蚴病。本研究旨在利用下一代测序技术(MIC-NGS),通过串联重复的多焦点微卫星 EmsB 来区分 E. granulosus s.l. 复合物的基因型。经组织病理学确诊的人类和动物包虫囊肿组织样本以及肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌 G1、G3、G4、G5、G6/7 和 G10 的参考 DNA 样本接受了 MIC-NGS 检测,使用定制引物扩增了 151 bp EmsB DNA 片段。使用在线 Galaxy 分析管道对 NGS 数据进行分析,使用 MEGA 软件构建系统发生树,并使用 PopArt 1.7 进行单倍型网络分析。纳入的所有 60 个样本(49 个来自动物,11 个来自人类)都成功地进行了鉴定和基因分型,成功率为 100%。研究显示,该研究提高了对所有研究样本的鉴别能力,包括与之密切相关的格兰氏阳性大肠杆菌基因型 G1-G3。最大似然树再次证实了 E. granulosus s.l.的单系性。总之,MIC-NGS 检测灵敏、特异且简单,适用于临床样本,是对 E. granulosus s.l. 进行基因分型的有力鉴别工具。
{"title":"Use of the EmsB microsatellite-based next generation sequencing for genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in hydatid cyst tissue samples from animals and humans.","authors":"Suheir Ereqat, Amer Al-Jawabreh, Hanan Al-Jawabreh, Abedelmajeed Nasereddin","doi":"10.14411/fp.2024.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2024.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786), a cestode of the Teniidae family, causes human cystic echinococcosis (CE) also known as hydatid disease. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato includes the G1, G3, G4, G5, G6/7 and G8/10 genotypes which are known to cause human CE. This study aimed to differentiate genotypes of E. granulosus s.l. complex by employing EmsB, a tandemly repeated multilocus microsatellite, using next-generation sequencing (MIC-NGS). Human and animal histopathology-confirmed hydatid cyst tissue samples and reference DNA samples of E. granulosus G1, G3, G4, G5, G6/7 and G10 underwent MIC-NGS assay with custom primers amplifying a 151 bp EmsB DNA fragment. NGS data were analysed using online Galaxy analysis pipeline, a phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA software, and haplotype networking was performed with PopArt 1.7. All sixty samples (49 from animals and 11 from humans) included were successfully identified and genotyped with a 100 % success rate. The study showed improved discrimination power to distinguish all study samples including closely related E. granulosus s.s. genotypes G1-G3. The maximum likelihood tree reaffirmed the monophyly of E. granulosus s.l. The median-joining haplotype networking revealed 12 distinct haplotypes. In conclusion, MIC-NGS assay was shown to be sensitive, specific and simple to apply to clinical samples offering a powerful discriminatory tool for the genotyping of E. granulosus s.l.</p>","PeriodicalId":55154,"journal":{"name":"Folia Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142301409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martina Lisnerova, Pavla Bartosova-Sojkova, Alena Lovy, Petr Blabolil, Ivan Fiala
European eel, Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus) (Elopomorpha: Anguilliformes), is a critically endangered fish of ecological and economic importance, hosting numerous parasites, including myxozoans (Cnidaria). Since its initial discovery in the kidney of European eel, Myxidium giardi Cépède, 1906 has been reported with numerous spore sizes and shapes from various tissues of multiple anguillid species. Morphological variability, wide host and tissue spectrum, and lack of sequence data raised doubts about the conspecificity of reported isolates. Subsequent studies provided 18S rDNA sequences of several isolates from anguillids and other elopiform fish, and demonstrated a split of parasite data into two distinct phylogenetic lineages, one comprising the M. giardi sequence, and the other all species infecting elopiform fishes classified under the recently established genus Paramyxidium Freeman et Kristmundsson, 2018. Myxidium giardi was, however, transferred to this genus as Paramyxidium giardi n. comb. and designated as the type species of the genus. In line with this change, the sequence originally identified as M. giardi was considered to have been incorrectly associated with this species. To shed light on the status of M. giardi originally described by Cépède (1906), we conducted microscopic and molecular examinations of various organs of 24 individuals of European eel, originating from diverse Czech habitats. Through morphometric and molecular analyses, we demonstrated that spore and polar capsule morphology, morphometry and tissue tropism of our European eel kidney parasite isolates matched the features of the original M. giardi description. Our isolates clustered in the lineage encompassing the first published M. giardi sequence. Thus, the originally described M. giardi indeed represents an existing species within the genus Myxidium Bütschli, 1882, which we formally resurrect and redescribe. Due to the morphological and molecular differences between M. giardi and P. giardi of Freeman et Kristmundsson (2018), we additionally rename the latter species as Paramyxidium freemani nom. nov.
欧洲鳗鲡(林尼厄斯)(Elopomorpha: Anguilliformes)是一种极度濒危的鱼类,具有重要的生态和经济价值,寄生着许多寄生虫,其中包括粘孢子虫(Cnidaria)。Myxidium giardi Cépède, 1906 年在欧洲鳗鱼的肾脏中首次被发现以来,已从多个鳗鲡物种的不同组织中发现了许多孢子的大小和形状。形态上的多变性、广泛的宿主和组织谱系以及序列数据的缺乏使人们对所报道的分离物的同种性产生了怀疑。随后的研究提供了来自鳗鲡和其他麋鹿形鱼类的几个分离物的 18S rDNA 序列,并证明寄生虫数据分为两个不同的系统发育系,一个包括 M. giardi 序列,另一个是感染麋鹿形鱼类的所有物种,归入最近建立的 Paramyxidium 属 Freeman et Kristmundsson,2018。然而,Myxidium giardi 被转入该属,成为 Paramyxidium giardi n. comb.,并被指定为该属的模式种。giardi 的序列被认为与该种有误。为了揭示最初由 Cépède(1906 年)描述的 M. giardi 的地位,我们对来自捷克不同生境的 24 条欧洲鳗鱼的各种器官进行了显微镜和分子检测。通过形态计量学和分子分析,我们证明欧洲鳗肾寄生虫分离物的孢子和极囊形态、形态计量学和组织滋养性与最初描述的 M. giardi 的特征相符。我们分离到的寄生虫属于包含首次公布的吉尔达氏寄生虫序列的一系。因此,最初描述的 M. giardi 确实是 Myxidium Bütschli, 1882 属中的一个现存种,我们正式恢复并重新描述了该种。由于 M. giardi 与 Freeman et Kristmundsson(2018)的 P. giardi 在形态学和分子学上的差异,我们另外将后者重新命名为 Paramyxidium freemani nom.
{"title":"Evidence of striking morphological similarity and tissue tropism of phylogenetically distant myxozoan genera: Myxidium and Paramyxidium in the kidney of the European eel.","authors":"Martina Lisnerova, Pavla Bartosova-Sojkova, Alena Lovy, Petr Blabolil, Ivan Fiala","doi":"10.14411/fp.2024.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2024.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>European eel, Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus) (Elopomorpha: Anguilliformes), is a critically endangered fish of ecological and economic importance, hosting numerous parasites, including myxozoans (Cnidaria). Since its initial discovery in the kidney of European eel, Myxidium giardi Cépède, 1906 has been reported with numerous spore sizes and shapes from various tissues of multiple anguillid species. Morphological variability, wide host and tissue spectrum, and lack of sequence data raised doubts about the conspecificity of reported isolates. Subsequent studies provided 18S rDNA sequences of several isolates from anguillids and other elopiform fish, and demonstrated a split of parasite data into two distinct phylogenetic lineages, one comprising the M. giardi sequence, and the other all species infecting elopiform fishes classified under the recently established genus Paramyxidium Freeman et Kristmundsson, 2018. Myxidium giardi was, however, transferred to this genus as Paramyxidium giardi n. comb. and designated as the type species of the genus. In line with this change, the sequence originally identified as M. giardi was considered to have been incorrectly associated with this species. To shed light on the status of M. giardi originally described by Cépède (1906), we conducted microscopic and molecular examinations of various organs of 24 individuals of European eel, originating from diverse Czech habitats. Through morphometric and molecular analyses, we demonstrated that spore and polar capsule morphology, morphometry and tissue tropism of our European eel kidney parasite isolates matched the features of the original M. giardi description. Our isolates clustered in the lineage encompassing the first published M. giardi sequence. Thus, the originally described M. giardi indeed represents an existing species within the genus Myxidium Bütschli, 1882, which we formally resurrect and redescribe. Due to the morphological and molecular differences between M. giardi and P. giardi of Freeman et Kristmundsson (2018), we additionally rename the latter species as Paramyxidium freemani nom. nov.</p>","PeriodicalId":55154,"journal":{"name":"Folia Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141891042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper comprises a systematic survey of helminths (trematodes, an acanthocephalan and nematodes) found in nine species of freshwater fishes in Ecuador collected in March 1999 and those (a trematode and acanthocephalans) collected from an amphibian and two species of freshwater fishes in Venezuela in 1992, 1996 and 2001. The following 17 helminth species were recorded: Trematoda: Prosthenhystera ornamentosa sp. n., P. obesa (Diesing, 1850), Crassicutis intermedius (Szidat, 1954), C. cichlasomae Manter, 1936 and Glypthelmins eleutherodactyli sp. n. Acanthocephala: Quadrigyrus torquatus Van Cleave, 1920, Gracilisentis variabilis (Diesing, 1851) and Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) ecuadoris sp. n. Nematoda: Cosmoxynema vianai Travassos, 1949, Travnema travnema Pereira, 1938, Touzeta ecuadoris Petter, 1987, Sprentascaris hypostomi Petter et Cassone, 1984, Sprentascaris sp., Contracaecum sp. Type 1 larvae, Contracaecum sp. Type 2 larvae, Procamallanus (Procamallanus) peraccuratus Pinto, Noronha et Rolas, 1976 and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. juv. Nearly all of these parasites are reported from Ecuador or Venezuela for the first time and many of these findings represent new host records. The new species P. ornamentosa sp. n. was collected from the gall-bladder of an unidentified anostomid (Anostomidae, Characiformes) in Ecuador, G. eleutherodactyli sp. n. from the digestive tract of the frog Eleutherodactylus sp. (Eleutherodactylidae, Anura) in Venezuela and N. (N.) ecuadoris sp. n. from the intestine of Lebiasina sp. (Lebiasinidae, Characiformes) in Ecuador. Most parasites are briefly described and illustrated and problems concerning their morphology, taxonomy, hosts and geographical distribution are discussed.
{"title":"Helminths collected from some freshwater fishes and amphibians in Ecuador and Venezuela.","authors":"Frantisek Moravec, Antonin Prouza","doi":"10.14411/fp.2024.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2024.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present paper comprises a systematic survey of helminths (trematodes, an acanthocephalan and nematodes) found in nine species of freshwater fishes in Ecuador collected in March 1999 and those (a trematode and acanthocephalans) collected from an amphibian and two species of freshwater fishes in Venezuela in 1992, 1996 and 2001. The following 17 helminth species were recorded: Trematoda: Prosthenhystera ornamentosa sp. n., P. obesa (Diesing, 1850), Crassicutis intermedius (Szidat, 1954), C. cichlasomae Manter, 1936 and Glypthelmins eleutherodactyli sp. n. Acanthocephala: Quadrigyrus torquatus Van Cleave, 1920, Gracilisentis variabilis (Diesing, 1851) and Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) ecuadoris sp. n. Nematoda: Cosmoxynema vianai Travassos, 1949, Travnema travnema Pereira, 1938, Touzeta ecuadoris Petter, 1987, Sprentascaris hypostomi Petter et Cassone, 1984, Sprentascaris sp., Contracaecum sp. Type 1 larvae, Contracaecum sp. Type 2 larvae, Procamallanus (Procamallanus) peraccuratus Pinto, Noronha et Rolas, 1976 and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. juv. Nearly all of these parasites are reported from Ecuador or Venezuela for the first time and many of these findings represent new host records. The new species P. ornamentosa sp. n. was collected from the gall-bladder of an unidentified anostomid (Anostomidae, Characiformes) in Ecuador, G. eleutherodactyli sp. n. from the digestive tract of the frog Eleutherodactylus sp. (Eleutherodactylidae, Anura) in Venezuela and N. (N.) ecuadoris sp. n. from the intestine of Lebiasina sp. (Lebiasinidae, Characiformes) in Ecuador. Most parasites are briefly described and illustrated and problems concerning their morphology, taxonomy, hosts and geographical distribution are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55154,"journal":{"name":"Folia Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Haukisalmi, Alexis Ribas, J. Hugot, Serge Morand, K. Chaisiri, K. Junker, S. Matthee, A. Spickett, J. T. Lehtonen, C. Feliu, Heikki Henttonen
{"title":"Phylogenetic relationships and systematics of tapeworms of the family Davaineidae (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea), with emphasis on species in rodents","authors":"V. Haukisalmi, Alexis Ribas, J. Hugot, Serge Morand, K. Chaisiri, K. Junker, S. Matthee, A. Spickett, J. T. Lehtonen, C. Feliu, Heikki Henttonen","doi":"10.14411/fp.2024.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2024.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55154,"journal":{"name":"Folia Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141377406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Schistosomiasis is a snail-borne disease that has a considerable impact on human and animal health, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The intermediate hosts of the schistosome parasites are freshwater snails of the genera Biomphalaria Preston, 1910 and Bulinus Müller, 1781. In order to identify existing gaps in the spread of the disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), this study compiled the available knowledge of the distribution, population dynamics and ecology of the intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Scopus for all malacological studies on schistosoma intermediate hosts in DRC published between 1927 and October 2022. A total of 55 records were found, of which 31 met the inclusion criteria: these were published field and experimental studies conducted in the DRC and focused on snails as intermediate hosts of schistosomes. The analysis of these studies revealed that more up-to-date data on the distribution of snail intermediate hosts in the DRC are needed. Moreover, ecological factors have been less studied for Bulinus species than for Biomphalaria species. These factors play a crucial role in determining suitable snail habitats, and the lack of comprehensive information poses a challenge in snail control. This review makes it clear that there are no current malacological data in the DRC. There is a clear need for molecular and ecological research to update the exact species status and population dynamics of all potential intermediate host species. This will facilitate targeted snail control measures that complement drug treatment in the control of schistosomiasis in the country.
{"title":"Mapping of intermediate host snails for schistosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a systematic review.","authors":"Germain Kapour Kieng Katsang, Cecilia Wangari Wambui, Joule Madinga, Tine Huyse, Patrick Mitashi","doi":"10.14411/fp.2024.010","DOIUrl":"10.14411/fp.2024.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schistosomiasis is a snail-borne disease that has a considerable impact on human and animal health, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The intermediate hosts of the schistosome parasites are freshwater snails of the genera Biomphalaria Preston, 1910 and Bulinus Müller, 1781. In order to identify existing gaps in the spread of the disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), this study compiled the available knowledge of the distribution, population dynamics and ecology of the intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Scopus for all malacological studies on schistosoma intermediate hosts in DRC published between 1927 and October 2022. A total of 55 records were found, of which 31 met the inclusion criteria: these were published field and experimental studies conducted in the DRC and focused on snails as intermediate hosts of schistosomes. The analysis of these studies revealed that more up-to-date data on the distribution of snail intermediate hosts in the DRC are needed. Moreover, ecological factors have been less studied for Bulinus species than for Biomphalaria species. These factors play a crucial role in determining suitable snail habitats, and the lack of comprehensive information poses a challenge in snail control. This review makes it clear that there are no current malacological data in the DRC. There is a clear need for molecular and ecological research to update the exact species status and population dynamics of all potential intermediate host species. This will facilitate targeted snail control measures that complement drug treatment in the control of schistosomiasis in the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":55154,"journal":{"name":"Folia Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of three kinds of Chinese herbs on growth performance, oocysts output and gut microbiota in growing lambs with coccidiosis","authors":"Yanfeng He, Zhanming Wang, Shijie Li, Pan Chen, Kaili Liu, Manman Li, Yingmin Wang, Aftab Shaukat, Muhammad Abdullah, Senyang Li, Shucheng Huang, Fuchun Jian","doi":"10.14411/fp.2024.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2024.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55154,"journal":{"name":"Folia Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140693583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Hamdy, Ragaey A. Eid, Heba Abdel-Tawab, Mohamed A. El-Badry, Abdelrahman M Abdallah, Wegdan M. Abd El Wahab
Susceptibility to COVID-19, the most devastating global pandemic, appears to vary widely across different population groups. Exposure to toxoplasmosis has been proposed as a theory to explain the diversity of these populations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association between latent toxoplasmosis and COVID-19 and its probable correlation with markers of oxidative stress, C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin. In a case-control study, blood samples were collected from 91 confirmed (48 non-pneumonic; NP, and 43 pneumonic; P) COVID-19 patients and 45 healthy controls. All participants were tested for IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and oxidative stress markers (nitric oxide [NO], superoxide dismutase [SOD] and reduced glutathione [GSH]), and CRP and serum ferritin levels were determined. In COVID-19 patients, IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies were found in 54% compared to 7% in the control group, with the difference being statistically significant (P ˂ 0.001). However, no significant correlation was found between the severity of COVID-19 and latent T. gondii infection. Latent toxoplasmosis had a strong influence on the risk of COVID-19. NO and SOD levels were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients, while GSH levels decreased significantly in them compared to control subjects (P ˂ 0.001 for both values). CRP and ferritin levels were also significantly elevated in P COVID-19 patients infected with toxoplasmosis. This is the first study to look at the importance of oxidative stress indicators in co-infection between COVID-19 and T. gondii. The high prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in COVID-19 suggests that T. gondii infection can be considered a strong indicator of the high risk of COVID-19.
{"title":"Impact of latent toxoplasmosis on pneumonic and non-pneumonic COVID-19 patients with estimation of relevant oxidative stress biomarkers.","authors":"D. Hamdy, Ragaey A. Eid, Heba Abdel-Tawab, Mohamed A. El-Badry, Abdelrahman M Abdallah, Wegdan M. Abd El Wahab","doi":"10.14411/fp.2024.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2024.008","url":null,"abstract":"Susceptibility to COVID-19, the most devastating global pandemic, appears to vary widely across different population groups. Exposure to toxoplasmosis has been proposed as a theory to explain the diversity of these populations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association between latent toxoplasmosis and COVID-19 and its probable correlation with markers of oxidative stress, C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin. In a case-control study, blood samples were collected from 91 confirmed (48 non-pneumonic; NP, and 43 pneumonic; P) COVID-19 patients and 45 healthy controls. All participants were tested for IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and oxidative stress markers (nitric oxide [NO], superoxide dismutase [SOD] and reduced glutathione [GSH]), and CRP and serum ferritin levels were determined. In COVID-19 patients, IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies were found in 54% compared to 7% in the control group, with the difference being statistically significant (P ˂ 0.001). However, no significant correlation was found between the severity of COVID-19 and latent T. gondii infection. Latent toxoplasmosis had a strong influence on the risk of COVID-19. NO and SOD levels were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients, while GSH levels decreased significantly in them compared to control subjects (P ˂ 0.001 for both values). CRP and ferritin levels were also significantly elevated in P COVID-19 patients infected with toxoplasmosis. This is the first study to look at the importance of oxidative stress indicators in co-infection between COVID-19 and T. gondii. The high prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in COVID-19 suggests that T. gondii infection can be considered a strong indicator of the high risk of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":55154,"journal":{"name":"Folia Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140744951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tycha Bianca Sabaini Pavan, Leonardo Maia Leony, Wayner Vieira de Souza, Emily Ferreira Santos, Ramona Tavares Daltro, Natalia Erdens Maron Freitas, Larissa Carvalho Medrado Vasconcelos, Fernanda Lopes Habib, Angelo Antonio Oliveira Silva, Paola Alejandra Fiorani Celedon, Daniel Dias Sampaio, Nilson Ivo Tonin Zanchin, Silvia Andrea Longhi, Fred Luciano Neves Santos
Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909. Causative treatment can be achieved with two drugs: benznidazole or Nifurtimox. There are some gaps that hinder progress in eradicating the disease. There is no test that can efficiently assess cure control after treatment. Currently, the decline in anti-T. cruzi antibody titres is assessed with conventional serological tests, which can take years. However, the search for new markers of cure must continue to fill this gap. The present study aimed to evaluate the decline in serological titres using chimeric proteins after treatment with benznidazole in chronic patients diagnosed with CD. It was a prospective cross-sectional cohort study between 2000 and 2004 of T. cruzi-positive participants from the Añatuya region (Argentina) treated with benznidazole. Serum samples from ten patients were collected before treatment (day zero) and after the end of treatment (2, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months). For the detection of anti-T. cruzi antibodies, an indirect ELISA was performed using two chimeric recombinant proteins (IBMP-8.1 and IBMP-8.4) as antigens. The changes in reactivity index within the groups before and after treatment were evaluated using the Friedman test. All participants experienced a decrease in serological titres after treatment with benznidazole, especially IBMP-8.1. However, due to the small number of samples and the short follow-up period, it is premature to conclude that this molecule serves as a criterion for sustained cure. Further studies are needed to validate tests based on these or other biomarkers to demonstrate parasitological cure.
南美锥虫病(CD)是一种被忽视的疾病,由南美锥虫(Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas,1909 年)引起。病因治疗可采用两种药物:苯并咪唑或尼福霉素。在根除这一疾病方面还存在一些不足。目前还没有一种检测方法可以有效评估治疗后的治愈率。目前,抗 T. cruzi 抗体滴度的下降是通过传统的血清学检测来评估的,这可能需要数年时间。然而,必须继续寻找新的治愈标志物来填补这一空白。本研究旨在利用嵌合蛋白评估被诊断为 CD 的慢性患者在接受苯并咪唑治疗后血清滴度的下降情况。这是一项前瞻性横断面队列研究,研究对象是2000年至2004年间接受过苯尼达唑治疗的阿纳图亚地区(阿根廷)的克鲁兹绦虫阳性患者。研究人员在治疗前(第零天)和治疗结束后(2、3、6、12、24 和 36 个月)采集了 10 名患者的血清样本。为了检测抗克鲁兹绦虫抗体,使用两种嵌合重组蛋白(IBMP-8.1 和 IBMP-8.4)作为抗原进行间接 ELISA 检测。采用弗里德曼检验法评估了治疗前后各组反应指数的变化。所有参与者在接受苯并咪唑治疗后,血清滴度都有所下降,尤其是 IBMP-8.1。然而,由于样本数量较少,随访时间较短,因此得出该分子可作为持续治愈标准的结论还为时过早。还需要进一步的研究来验证基于这些或其他生物标志物的测试,以证明寄生虫治愈。
{"title":"Post-therapeutic cure criterion in chronic Chagas disease using Trypanosoma cruzi chimeric proteins.","authors":"Tycha Bianca Sabaini Pavan, Leonardo Maia Leony, Wayner Vieira de Souza, Emily Ferreira Santos, Ramona Tavares Daltro, Natalia Erdens Maron Freitas, Larissa Carvalho Medrado Vasconcelos, Fernanda Lopes Habib, Angelo Antonio Oliveira Silva, Paola Alejandra Fiorani Celedon, Daniel Dias Sampaio, Nilson Ivo Tonin Zanchin, Silvia Andrea Longhi, Fred Luciano Neves Santos","doi":"10.14411/fp.2024.004","DOIUrl":"10.14411/fp.2024.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, 1909. Causative treatment can be achieved with two drugs: benznidazole or Nifurtimox. There are some gaps that hinder progress in eradicating the disease. There is no test that can efficiently assess cure control after treatment. Currently, the decline in anti-T. cruzi antibody titres is assessed with conventional serological tests, which can take years. However, the search for new markers of cure must continue to fill this gap. The present study aimed to evaluate the decline in serological titres using chimeric proteins after treatment with benznidazole in chronic patients diagnosed with CD. It was a prospective cross-sectional cohort study between 2000 and 2004 of T. cruzi-positive participants from the Añatuya region (Argentina) treated with benznidazole. Serum samples from ten patients were collected before treatment (day zero) and after the end of treatment (2, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months). For the detection of anti-T. cruzi antibodies, an indirect ELISA was performed using two chimeric recombinant proteins (IBMP-8.1 and IBMP-8.4) as antigens. The changes in reactivity index within the groups before and after treatment were evaluated using the Friedman test. All participants experienced a decrease in serological titres after treatment with benznidazole, especially IBMP-8.1. However, due to the small number of samples and the short follow-up period, it is premature to conclude that this molecule serves as a criterion for sustained cure. Further studies are needed to validate tests based on these or other biomarkers to demonstrate parasitological cure.</p>","PeriodicalId":55154,"journal":{"name":"Folia Parasitologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140208256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}