A. Mensch, D. Kersual, A. Crespo, F. Charpillet, E. Pessi
Owing to the increasing complexity of traditional real-time systems, there is a growing interest in applying AI techniques, and in particular knowledge-based systems, in this domain. However, the time- and memory-consuming AI algorithms, with unpredictable or highly variable performances, are usually not compatible with the strict requirements of real-time systems. The paper describes a software environment well adapted to the development and delivery of real-time knowledge-based systems. This environment is built around a multi-agent, multitask real-time architecture based on the blackboard model. The main aspect of the developed architecture is its ability to provide guaranteed response times, through the use of various scheduling techniques, among which is progressive reasoning. >
{"title":"REAKT: real-time architecture for time-critical knowledge-based systems","authors":"A. Mensch, D. Kersual, A. Crespo, F. Charpillet, E. Pessi","doi":"10.1049/ISE.1994.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ISE.1994.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to the increasing complexity of traditional real-time systems, there is a growing interest in applying AI techniques, and in particular knowledge-based systems, in this domain. However, the time- and memory-consuming AI algorithms, with unpredictable or highly variable performances, are usually not compatible with the strict requirements of real-time systems. The paper describes a software environment well adapted to the development and delivery of real-time knowledge-based systems. This environment is built around a multi-agent, multitask real-time architecture based on the blackboard model. The main aspect of the developed architecture is its ability to provide guaranteed response times, through the use of various scheduling techniques, among which is progressive reasoning. >","PeriodicalId":55165,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Intelligent Systems for Electrical Engineering and Communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"153-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82084308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper describes a new technique for online process fault diagnosis using fuzzy neural networks. The fuzzy neural network considered in this paper is obtained by adding a fuzzification layer to a conventional feed-forward neural network. The fuzzification layer converts the increment in each online measurement and controller output into three fuzzy sets; 'increase', 'steady' and 'decrease', with corresponding membership functions. The feed-forward neural network then classifies abnormalities, represented by fuzzy increments in online measurements and controller outputs, into various categories. The fuzzification layer can compress training data, and thereby ease training effort. Robustness of the diagnosis system is enhanced by adopting a fuzzy approach in representing abnormalities in the process. Applications of the proposed technique to the fault diagnosis of a continuous stirred tank reactor system demonstrate that the technique is robust to measurement noise, capable of diagnosing incipient faults, and requires fewer training data examples than a conventional network approach. >
{"title":"On-line process fault diagnosis using fuzzy neural networks","authors":"Jie Zhang, A. Morris","doi":"10.1049/ISE.1994.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ISE.1994.0005","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes a new technique for online process fault diagnosis using fuzzy neural networks. The fuzzy neural network considered in this paper is obtained by adding a fuzzification layer to a conventional feed-forward neural network. The fuzzification layer converts the increment in each online measurement and controller output into three fuzzy sets; 'increase', 'steady' and 'decrease', with corresponding membership functions. The feed-forward neural network then classifies abnormalities, represented by fuzzy increments in online measurements and controller outputs, into various categories. The fuzzification layer can compress training data, and thereby ease training effort. Robustness of the diagnosis system is enhanced by adopting a fuzzy approach in representing abnormalities in the process. Applications of the proposed technique to the fault diagnosis of a continuous stirred tank reactor system demonstrate that the technique is robust to measurement noise, capable of diagnosing incipient faults, and requires fewer training data examples than a conventional network approach. >","PeriodicalId":55165,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Intelligent Systems for Electrical Engineering and Communications","volume":"9 1","pages":"37-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85277608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been argued that the use of constraint-based techniques and tools enables the implementation of precise, flexible efficient and extensible scheduling systems; precise and flexible as the system can take into account any constraint expressible in the constraint language; efficient in as much as highly optimised constraint propagation procedures are now available; extensible as the consideration of a new type of constraint may require (especially in an object-oriented framework) only an extension to the constraint system or, in the worst case, the implementation of additional decision-making modules (without needs for modification of the existing code). The paper presents ILOG SCHEDULE, a C++ library enabling the representation of a wide collection of scheduling constraints in terms of 'resources' and 'activities'. ILOG SCHEDULE is based on SOLVER, the generic software tool for object-oriented constraint programming from ILOG. SOLVER variables and constraints can be accessed from SCHEDULE activities and resources. As a result, SCHEDULE users can make use of SOLVER to represent specific constraints, and implement and combine the specific problem-solving strategies that are the most appropriate for the scheduling application under consideration. It is hoped-and expected-that object-oriented constraint programming tools like SCHEDULE will enable the industry to make decisive steps toward the implementation of 'state-of-the-art' highly flexible, constraint-based scheduling applications.
{"title":"Implementation of resource constraints in ILOG SCHEDULE: a library for the development of constraint-based scheduling systems","authors":"C. L. Pape","doi":"10.1049/ISE.1994.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ISE.1994.0009","url":null,"abstract":"It has been argued that the use of constraint-based techniques and tools enables the implementation of precise, flexible efficient and extensible scheduling systems; precise and flexible as the system can take into account any constraint expressible in the constraint language; efficient in as much as highly optimised constraint propagation procedures are now available; extensible as the consideration of a new type of constraint may require (especially in an object-oriented framework) only an extension to the constraint system or, in the worst case, the implementation of additional decision-making modules (without needs for modification of the existing code). The paper presents ILOG SCHEDULE, a C++ library enabling the representation of a wide collection of scheduling constraints in terms of 'resources' and 'activities'. ILOG SCHEDULE is based on SOLVER, the generic software tool for object-oriented constraint programming from ILOG. SOLVER variables and constraints can be accessed from SCHEDULE activities and resources. As a result, SCHEDULE users can make use of SOLVER to represent specific constraints, and implement and combine the specific problem-solving strategies that are the most appropriate for the scheduling application under consideration. It is hoped-and expected-that object-oriented constraint programming tools like SCHEDULE will enable the industry to make decisive steps toward the implementation of 'state-of-the-art' highly flexible, constraint-based scheduling applications.","PeriodicalId":55165,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Intelligent Systems for Electrical Engineering and Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":"55-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89329827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of n-tuple or weightless neural networks as pattern recognition devices has been well documented. They have a significant advantages over more common networks paradigms, such as the multilayer perceptron in that they can be easily implemented in digital hardware using standard random access memories. To date, n-tuple networks have predominantly been used as fast pattern classification devices. The paper describes how n-tuple techniques can be used in the hardware implementation of a general auto-associative network.
{"title":"Auto-associative memory using n-tuple techniques","authors":"J. Bishop, R. Mitchell","doi":"10.1049/ISE.1994.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ISE.1994.0023","url":null,"abstract":"The use of n-tuple or weightless neural networks as pattern recognition devices has been well documented. They have a significant advantages over more common networks paradigms, such as the multilayer perceptron in that they can be easily implemented in digital hardware using standard random access memories. To date, n-tuple networks have predominantly been used as fast pattern classification devices. The paper describes how n-tuple techniques can be used in the hardware implementation of a general auto-associative network.","PeriodicalId":55165,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Intelligent Systems for Electrical Engineering and Communications","volume":"148 1","pages":"222-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74906321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper describes an approach to resource management in uncertain domains, which is based on the concept of temporal influence. The Distributed Interactive Scheduling with Abstractions Project is aimed at building a scheduling system designed to address the uncertainties of real-world domains. The system has two main features; it is distributed, taking a multi-agent view, and it uses a solution method that employs temporal abstractions to aid decision-making. The multi-agent view is a novel architecture based on a hierarchical representation of time and a dynamic heterogenetic structure for problem-solving agents. Temporal abstractions in the form of summarisations and generalisations are used for problem reduction and conflict resolution, providing a second novel idea. An additional goal of this project is to provide the user with the environment and information necessary to allow useful and intelligent interaction with the problem-solving process. Temporal abstractions also play an important role in the satisfaction of this goal.
{"title":"Distributed approach to dynamic resource management based on temporal influence","authors":"P. Berry, B. Choueiry, Lamia Friha","doi":"10.1049/ISE.1994.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ISE.1994.0011","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes an approach to resource management in uncertain domains, which is based on the concept of temporal influence. The Distributed Interactive Scheduling with Abstractions Project is aimed at building a scheduling system designed to address the uncertainties of real-world domains. The system has two main features; it is distributed, taking a multi-agent view, and it uses a solution method that employs temporal abstractions to aid decision-making. The multi-agent view is a novel architecture based on a hierarchical representation of time and a dynamic heterogenetic structure for problem-solving agents. Temporal abstractions in the form of summarisations and generalisations are used for problem reduction and conflict resolution, providing a second novel idea. An additional goal of this project is to provide the user with the environment and information necessary to allow useful and intelligent interaction with the problem-solving process. Temporal abstractions also play an important role in the satisfaction of this goal.","PeriodicalId":55165,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Intelligent Systems for Electrical Engineering and Communications","volume":"21 1","pages":"79-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89735466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper examines the use of knowledge-based techniques to generate a framework for the active rescheduling of an automated guided vehicle system in a manufacturing environment. Our approach to active rescheduling uses ‘cues’ drawn from events on the shop-floor to trigger rescheduling. Simulation experiments are used to capture knowledge about the shop-floor and various scheduling strategies. An extensible agent architecture is developed to facilitate active rescheduling.
{"title":"Active rescheduling for automated guided vehicle systems","authors":"L. Interrante, D. Rochowiak","doi":"10.1049/ISE.1994.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ISE.1994.0012","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the use of knowledge-based techniques to generate a framework for the active rescheduling of an automated guided vehicle system in a manufacturing environment. Our approach to active rescheduling uses ‘cues’ drawn from events on the shop-floor to trigger rescheduling. Simulation experiments are used to capture knowledge about the shop-floor and various scheduling strategies. An extensible agent architecture is developed to facilitate active rescheduling.","PeriodicalId":55165,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Intelligent Systems for Electrical Engineering and Communications","volume":"163 1","pages":"87-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80271823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper proposes that the concept of responsibility provides a means of identifying and specifying, in a way that is meaningful both to users and systems designers, the organisational requirements that arise when a technical system is placed in a social context. The paper shows how organisational structure may be represented as a network of responsibility relationships, how requirements arise from the discharge of obligations associated with responsibilities, and how these concepts have been applied to the particular example of specifying user requirements for clinical workstations in acute hospitals.
{"title":"Responsibility modelling as a technique for organisational requirements definition","authors":"R. Strens, J. Dobson","doi":"10.1049/ISE.1994.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ISE.1994.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes that the concept of responsibility provides a means of identifying and specifying, in a way that is meaningful both to users and systems designers, the organisational requirements that arise when a technical system is placed in a social context. The paper shows how organisational structure may be represented as a network of responsibility relationships, how requirements arise from the discharge of obligations associated with responsibilities, and how these concepts have been applied to the particular example of specifying user requirements for clinical workstations in acute hospitals.","PeriodicalId":55165,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Intelligent Systems for Electrical Engineering and Communications","volume":"9 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87528563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper discusses the methodological analogies and differences of the systems theory and knowledge-based approaches to modelling and simulating dynamical systems. This comparison is based on the notion of the dynamical system as defined in systems theory, in particular on the concept of state. Two examples show that these notions are relevant for quantitative models as used in systems theory and for qualitative models given in the knowledge base of a rule-based system. In addition, a formalisation is provided of rule-based systems within the concept of dynamical systems. It shows that the main motivation for using the knowledge-based approach in control engineering is the lack of information about the state of the physical system.
{"title":"Notion of the state in systems theory and artificial intelligence","authors":"J. Lunze","doi":"10.1049/ISE.1994.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ISE.1994.0021","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the methodological analogies and differences of the systems theory and knowledge-based approaches to modelling and simulating dynamical systems. This comparison is based on the notion of the dynamical system as defined in systems theory, in particular on the concept of state. Two examples show that these notions are relevant for quantitative models as used in systems theory and for qualitative models given in the knowledge base of a rule-based system. In addition, a formalisation is provided of rule-based systems within the concept of dynamical systems. It shows that the main motivation for using the knowledge-based approach in control engineering is the lack of information about the state of the physical system.","PeriodicalId":55165,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Intelligent Systems for Electrical Engineering and Communications","volume":"49 1","pages":"201-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76398240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A knowledge-based simulation is described for the monitoring and regulatory control of a juice purification process in cane sugar production. In the paper, the problem description is analysed and a set of requirements are identified. To meet these requirements, a scheme is presented that organises the domain knowledge into suitable structured modules, such as object classes, libraries, rule sets, rules, instance objects etc. A number of user interface facilities are developed to monitor and exercise the application, such as tuning the PID regulators, fault diagnosis, restoring the normal status, etc. Two scenarios are described to explain the remedial operations carried out when a regulator is out of tune or faulty, or when a valve is stuck. The system can be used with the actual process in a sugar factory or with other similar process control applications. >
{"title":"Knowledge based simulation for process monitoring and regulatory control","authors":"B. Pokkunuri","doi":"10.1049/ISE.1994.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ISE.1994.0002","url":null,"abstract":"A knowledge-based simulation is described for the monitoring and regulatory control of a juice purification process in cane sugar production. In the paper, the problem description is analysed and a set of requirements are identified. To meet these requirements, a scheme is presented that organises the domain knowledge into suitable structured modules, such as object classes, libraries, rule sets, rules, instance objects etc. A number of user interface facilities are developed to monitor and exercise the application, such as tuning the PID regulators, fault diagnosis, restoring the normal status, etc. Two scenarios are described to explain the remedial operations carried out when a regulator is out of tune or faulty, or when a valve is stuck. The system can be used with the actual process in a sugar factory or with other similar process control applications. >","PeriodicalId":55165,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Intelligent Systems for Electrical Engineering and Communications","volume":"6 1","pages":"9-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84282501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been more than a decade since the first intelligent scheduling system ISIS was reported. Numerous intelligent scheduling systems have been developed since then, in the USA and in Europe, new search techniques have been invented, new theoretical results are emerging, and scheduling applications have been developed from general-purpose toolkits. This paper summarises achievements in intelligent scheduling over the decade and takes a brief look forward.
{"title":"Intelligent scheduling: Past, present and future","authors":"P. Prosser, I. Buchanan","doi":"10.1049/ISE.1994.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ISE.1994.0010","url":null,"abstract":"It has been more than a decade since the first intelligent scheduling system ISIS was reported. Numerous intelligent scheduling systems have been developed since then, in the USA and in Europe, new search techniques have been invented, new theoretical results are emerging, and scheduling applications have been developed from general-purpose toolkits. This paper summarises achievements in intelligent scheduling over the decade and takes a brief look forward.","PeriodicalId":55165,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Intelligent Systems for Electrical Engineering and Communications","volume":"34 1","pages":"67-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83807013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：