Coal-resource-based cities, as one of the important types of typical resource-based cities in China, have strong characteristics of instability, sensitivity, and fragility, exhibiting a series of vulnerability features of the human-land system. Previous studies have lacked a deeper investigation into the vulnerability of such cities from the perspective of coupling feedback mechanisms among various elements or subsystems. This paper adopts Bohle et al.’s “Dual Structure Model” of vulnerability to establish an indicator system for vulnerability warning in coal-resource-based cities. Using Fushun City as a sample, a dynamic simulation model of vulnerability in coal-resource-based cities is constructed based on system dynamics for warning simulation calculations, analyzing the evolution trend of vulnerability in Fushun City from 2010 to 2022. The results show the following: (1) from 2010 to 2022, the urban vulnerability of Fushun City transitioned from a medium warning level to a relatively safe level, showing a trend of annual reduction and improvement, undergoing three development stages of significant reduction, fluctuation stabilization, and slight rebound. (2) Due to the causal relationships among various elements within the vulnerability subsystems of Fushun City, differences exist in the contribution levels of vulnerability subsystems during the period 2010–2022, under the combined effects of sensitivity and adaptability factors. The contribution rate of the natural subsystem was the highest from 2010 to 2014, while, from 2016 to 2019, urban vulnerability began to shift towards an economically and socially dominant type. Influenced by the pandemic, Fushun City’s overall vulnerability has shown an upward trend since 2020 compared to the previous stage. Finally, specific policy suggestions are proposed for Fushun City to cope with vulnerability changes based on the analysis results, providing a theoretical basis for achieving sustainable development in such coal-resource-based cities.
{"title":"Early Warning Simulation of Urban Vulnerability in Coal-Resource-Based Cities Based on System Dynamics","authors":"Dongmei Feng, Liang Wang, Xiumei Duan","doi":"10.1155/2024/8393217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8393217","url":null,"abstract":"Coal-resource-based cities, as one of the important types of typical resource-based cities in China, have strong characteristics of instability, sensitivity, and fragility, exhibiting a series of vulnerability features of the human-land system. Previous studies have lacked a deeper investigation into the vulnerability of such cities from the perspective of coupling feedback mechanisms among various elements or subsystems. This paper adopts Bohle et al.’s “Dual Structure Model” of vulnerability to establish an indicator system for vulnerability warning in coal-resource-based cities. Using Fushun City as a sample, a dynamic simulation model of vulnerability in coal-resource-based cities is constructed based on system dynamics for warning simulation calculations, analyzing the evolution trend of vulnerability in Fushun City from 2010 to 2022. The results show the following: (1) from 2010 to 2022, the urban vulnerability of Fushun City transitioned from a medium warning level to a relatively safe level, showing a trend of annual reduction and improvement, undergoing three development stages of significant reduction, fluctuation stabilization, and slight rebound. (2) Due to the causal relationships among various elements within the vulnerability subsystems of Fushun City, differences exist in the contribution levels of vulnerability subsystems during the period 2010–2022, under the combined effects of sensitivity and adaptability factors. The contribution rate of the natural subsystem was the highest from 2010 to 2014, while, from 2016 to 2019, urban vulnerability began to shift towards an economically and socially dominant type. Influenced by the pandemic, Fushun City’s overall vulnerability has shown an upward trend since 2020 compared to the previous stage. Finally, specific policy suggestions are proposed for Fushun City to cope with vulnerability changes based on the analysis results, providing a theoretical basis for achieving sustainable development in such coal-resource-based cities.","PeriodicalId":55177,"journal":{"name":"Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141188157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, construction industries are using flyash as a potential alternative for cement. Due to its improved mechanical properties, ecofriendly nature, and low cost, geopolymer technology makes use of flyash as a promising future binder material. In this paper, 7 factors such as liquid-to-flyash ratio, silicate-to-hydroxide ratio, curing temperature, curing period, concentration of NaOH (molarity), rest period prior to curing, and dosage of superplasticizer that influence the compressive strength and temperature drop are screened using the Plackett–Burman method for optimization. Here, compressive strength and temperature drop are taken as the main indices of response to analyze the parameters. The significant variables determined from the Plackett–Burman design are further considered for the process of optimization using the response surface methodology. From the analysis, the optimum values of 0.4071 liquid-to-flyash ratio, 2.5 silicate-to-hydroxide ratio, and 6 hours curing period give maximum compressive strength and temperature drop of 28.87 MPa and 5.3°C under the optimized medium in the validation experiment which varies by only 3.93% and 1.85% from the observed value of 27.20 MPa and 5.4°C.
{"title":"Enhancing Geopolymer Mix Optimization: Integration of the Plackett–Burman Method and Response Surface Methodology for Sustainable Construction Materials","authors":"N. Anuja, M. Palanivel, N. Amutha Priya","doi":"10.1155/2024/6401595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6401595","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, construction industries are using flyash as a potential alternative for cement. Due to its improved mechanical properties, ecofriendly nature, and low cost, geopolymer technology makes use of flyash as a promising future binder material. In this paper, 7 factors such as liquid-to-flyash ratio, silicate-to-hydroxide ratio, curing temperature, curing period, concentration of NaOH (molarity), rest period prior to curing, and dosage of superplasticizer that influence the compressive strength and temperature drop are screened using the Plackett–Burman method for optimization. Here, compressive strength and temperature drop are taken as the main indices of response to analyze the parameters. The significant variables determined from the Plackett–Burman design are further considered for the process of optimization using the response surface methodology. From the analysis, the optimum values of 0.4071 liquid-to-flyash ratio, 2.5 silicate-to-hydroxide ratio, and 6 hours curing period give maximum compressive strength and temperature drop of 28.87 MPa and 5.3°C under the optimized medium in the validation experiment which varies by only 3.93% and 1.85% from the observed value of 27.20 MPa and 5.4°C.","PeriodicalId":55177,"journal":{"name":"Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society","volume":"101-102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141188365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Connected and automated vehicles can reduce the traffic congestion level of the entire network through platoon-driving technologies compared to human-driven vehicles. One promising approach to enhancing platoon-driving technology’s efficiency is deploying dedicated lanes or roads for connected and automated vehicles. Since asymmetric interactions between different vehicle types increase road congestion, it is necessary to distinguish routes for efficient traffic management. However, the traditional traffic assignment problem, which uses only user equilibrium as a constraint with no difference in travel time between users, could not be proposed as a globally optimal solution because it generates an infinite number of locally optimal solutions. Recent studies have attempted to overcome the limitations by considering the sum of system-wide travel times as an additional constraint. Their research sought to help propose optimal deployment strategies through the lowest total travel time solution (best-case) or design robust transport planning strategies through the highest total travel time solution (worst-case). However, past studies have not focused on the possibility of the best/worst case appearing in reality. This study focused on the relationship between the two solutions pointed out in past studies and traffic patterns likely to appear in reality. This study interprets the Karush–Kun–Tucker condition of the static traffic assignment problem, considering the asymmetric interaction, and proposes a solution algorithm using discrete dynamics. The proposed algorithm extends the most widely used method in transportation planning research, which can overcome the limitations of asymmetric interaction problems through simple variations. The proposed algorithm can reliably derive two solutions, and entropy theory shows that both solutions are unlikely to appear in reality without additional policies such as dedicated lanes or roads.
{"title":"Relationship between the Significant Solutions of Static Traffic Assignment Problems for Mixed Traffic Flow of Connected and Automated Vehicles and Human-Driven Vehicles","authors":"Jaewoong Yun","doi":"10.1155/2024/9400721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9400721","url":null,"abstract":"Connected and automated vehicles can reduce the traffic congestion level of the entire network through platoon-driving technologies compared to human-driven vehicles. One promising approach to enhancing platoon-driving technology’s efficiency is deploying dedicated lanes or roads for connected and automated vehicles. Since asymmetric interactions between different vehicle types increase road congestion, it is necessary to distinguish routes for efficient traffic management. However, the traditional traffic assignment problem, which uses only user equilibrium as a constraint with no difference in travel time between users, could not be proposed as a globally optimal solution because it generates an infinite number of locally optimal solutions. Recent studies have attempted to overcome the limitations by considering the sum of system-wide travel times as an additional constraint. Their research sought to help propose optimal deployment strategies through the lowest total travel time solution (best-case) or design robust transport planning strategies through the highest total travel time solution (worst-case). However, past studies have not focused on the possibility of the best/worst case appearing in reality. This study focused on the relationship between the two solutions pointed out in past studies and traffic patterns likely to appear in reality. This study interprets the Karush–Kun–Tucker condition of the static traffic assignment problem, considering the asymmetric interaction, and proposes a solution algorithm using discrete dynamics. The proposed algorithm extends the most widely used method in transportation planning research, which can overcome the limitations of asymmetric interaction problems through simple variations. The proposed algorithm can reliably derive two solutions, and entropy theory shows that both solutions are unlikely to appear in reality without additional policies such as dedicated lanes or roads.","PeriodicalId":55177,"journal":{"name":"Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141063419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianfeng Zhu, Tao Hang, Haodong Zheng, Xuemei Zhang
The development of the textile and apparel (T&A) industry has led to an increasing focus on recycling used products. Remanufactured product quality raises consumer concerns, and blockchain can effectively solve this problem. We establish a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) in which a manufacturer, a retailer, or a third-party recycler collects used T&A products to examine the most efficient recycling mode with and without blockchain and the impact of blockchain on CLSC decisions. The results show that (1) if the manufacturer’s recycling cost coefficient is relatively low, used T&A products are collected directly by the manufacturer. Otherwise, the responsibility for recycling used T&A products falls to the retailer or the third-party recycler. It is noteworthy that the manufacturer’s choice of recycling mode remains unchanged whether a blockchain is implemented or not. (2) The implementation of blockchain by the manufacturer and the retailer can increase profits and consumers also benefit when the cost of validating blockchain units remains below a certain threshold. (3) When the recycling cost coefficient exceeds a certain threshold, the implementation of blockchain increases prices and recycling rates. These findings offer CLSC members’ management insights into how to select the optimal recycling mode and the consequences of implementing blockchain.
{"title":"Recycling Mode Choice in a Textile and Apparel Closed-Loop Supply Chain considering Blockchain","authors":"Jianfeng Zhu, Tao Hang, Haodong Zheng, Xuemei Zhang","doi":"10.1155/2024/6074035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6074035","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the textile and apparel (T&A) industry has led to an increasing focus on recycling used products. Remanufactured product quality raises consumer concerns, and blockchain can effectively solve this problem. We establish a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) in which a manufacturer, a retailer, or a third-party recycler collects used T&A products to examine the most efficient recycling mode with and without blockchain and the impact of blockchain on CLSC decisions. The results show that (1) if the manufacturer’s recycling cost coefficient is relatively low, used T&A products are collected directly by the manufacturer. Otherwise, the responsibility for recycling used T&A products falls to the retailer or the third-party recycler. It is noteworthy that the manufacturer’s choice of recycling mode remains unchanged whether a blockchain is implemented or not. (2) The implementation of blockchain by the manufacturer and the retailer can increase profits and consumers also benefit when the cost of validating blockchain units remains below a certain threshold. (3) When the recycling cost coefficient exceeds a certain threshold, the implementation of blockchain increases prices and recycling rates. These findings offer CLSC members’ management insights into how to select the optimal recycling mode and the consequences of implementing blockchain.","PeriodicalId":55177,"journal":{"name":"Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the dynamic behavior of a particular category of discrete predator-prey system that feature both fear effect and refuge, using both analytical and numerical methods. The critical coefficients and properties of bifurcating periodic solutions for Flip and Hopf bifurcations are computed using the center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory. Additionally, numerical simulations are employed to illustrate the bifurcation phenomenon and chaos characteristics. The results demonstrate that period-doubling and Hopf bifurcations are two typical routes to generate chaos, as evidenced by the calculation of the maximum Lyapunov exponents near the critical bifurcation points. Finally, a feedback control method is suggested, utilizing feedback of system states and perturbation of feedback parameters, to efficiently manage the bifurcations and chaotic attractors of the discrete predator-prey model.
{"title":"Analysis of the Dynamical Properties of Discrete Predator-Prey Systems with Fear Effects and Refuges","authors":"Wei Li, Chunrui Zhang, Mi Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9185585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9185585","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the dynamic behavior of a particular category of discrete predator-prey system that feature both fear effect and refuge, using both analytical and numerical methods. The critical coefficients and properties of bifurcating periodic solutions for Flip and Hopf bifurcations are computed using the center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory. Additionally, numerical simulations are employed to illustrate the bifurcation phenomenon and chaos characteristics. The results demonstrate that period-doubling and Hopf bifurcations are two typical routes to generate chaos, as evidenced by the calculation of the maximum Lyapunov exponents near the critical bifurcation points. Finally, a feedback control method is suggested, utilizing feedback of system states and perturbation of feedback parameters, to efficiently manage the bifurcations and chaotic attractors of the discrete predator-prey model.","PeriodicalId":55177,"journal":{"name":"Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dengue virus is the most dangerous one that mosquitoes may spread to people. Despite attempts by the government, dengue outbreaks are becoming increasingly common in Bangladesh. Interventions in public health rely heavily on KAP (knowledge, attitude, and practice) studies. The primary goal of this research is to forecast the occurrence of dengue disease in the city of Dhaka using methods from machine learning and time series analysis and then to compare the models in order to find the one with the lowest MAPE. From January 2016 through July 2021, monthly data were retrieved for this study from WHO and the Directorate General of Health and Services (DGHS). According to the findings of this research, neural networks outperform time series analysis when it comes to making predictions. The best-fitted neural network (NN) model was found in model 04 with 05 hidden layers which produced the minimum error model with the value of error 0.003032557, and the values of RMSE and MAPE are 7.588889e − 06 and 1.15273, respectively, for the prediction of the dengue fever in Dhaka city. In contrast, the original dengue data in the time series analysis is not stationary. Take the difference and run the unit root test by the augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) test to make it stationary. The dengue data series is stationary at the first-order difference, as evidenced by the ACF and PACF, which show no noticeable spike in the first-order difference. The ARIMA (6, 1, 1) model with the lowest AIC = −251.8, RMSE = 0.0310797, and MAPE = 15.2892 is the best choice model for predicting the dengue death rate. Therefore, from these two models, the NN model gives better prediction performance with the lowest value of MAPE. So, the neural network gives better prediction performance than time series analysis. The NN model forecasted 12-month death rates of dengue fever that suggest the death rate in dengue fever falling month by month. This study is more innovative than any other research because this research approach is different from any other research approach. The model selection criteria are based on the most effective performance metrics MAPE, indicating the lowest error and better prediction performance. Therefore, from this research, the author suggests machine learning gives better prediction performance than time series analysis for any other prediction performance.
{"title":"A Comparative Study between Time Series and Machine Learning Technique to Predict Dengue Fever in Dhaka City","authors":"Tanzina Akter, Md. Tanvirul Islam, Md. Farhad Hossain, Mohammad Safi Ullah","doi":"10.1155/2024/2757381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2757381","url":null,"abstract":"The dengue virus is the most dangerous one that mosquitoes may spread to people. Despite attempts by the government, dengue outbreaks are becoming increasingly common in Bangladesh. Interventions in public health rely heavily on KAP (knowledge, attitude, and practice) studies. The primary goal of this research is to forecast the occurrence of dengue disease in the city of Dhaka using methods from machine learning and time series analysis and then to compare the models in order to find the one with the lowest MAPE. From January 2016 through July 2021, monthly data were retrieved for this study from WHO and the Directorate General of Health and Services (DGHS). According to the findings of this research, neural networks outperform time series analysis when it comes to making predictions. The best-fitted neural network (NN) model was found in model 04 with 05 hidden layers which produced the minimum error model with the value of error 0.003032557, and the values of RMSE and MAPE are 7.588889<i>e</i> − 06 and 1.15273, respectively, for the prediction of the dengue fever in Dhaka city. In contrast, the original dengue data in the time series analysis is not stationary. Take the difference and run the unit root test by the augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) test to make it stationary. The dengue data series is stationary at the first-order difference, as evidenced by the ACF and PACF, which show no noticeable spike in the first-order difference. The ARIMA (6, 1, 1) model with the lowest AIC = −251.8, RMSE = 0.0310797, and MAPE = 15.2892 is the best choice model for predicting the dengue death rate. Therefore, from these two models, the NN model gives better prediction performance with the lowest value of MAPE. So, the neural network gives better prediction performance than time series analysis. The NN model forecasted 12-month death rates of dengue fever that suggest the death rate in dengue fever falling month by month. This study is more innovative than any other research because this research approach is different from any other research approach. The model selection criteria are based on the most effective performance metrics MAPE, indicating the lowest error and better prediction performance. Therefore, from this research, the author suggests machine learning gives better prediction performance than time series analysis for any other prediction performance.","PeriodicalId":55177,"journal":{"name":"Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the limit cycles and local bifurcation of critical periods for a class of switching equivariant quartic system with two symmetric singularities are investigated. First, through the computation of Lyapunov constants, the conditions of the two singularities to become the centers are determined. Then, we prove that there are at most 18 limit cycles with a distribution pattern of 9-9 around the two symmetric singular points of the system. Numerical simulation is conducted to validate the obtained results. Furthermore, by calculating the period constants, we determine the conditions for the critical point to be a weak center of finite order. Finally, the number of local critical periods that bifurcate from the equilibrium point under the center conditions is discussed. This study presents the first example of a quartic switching smooth system with 18 limit cycles and 4 local critical periods bifurcating from two symmetric singular points.
{"title":"Limit Cycles and Local Bifurcation of Critical Periods in a Class of Switching Equivariant Quartic System","authors":"Jian Yang, Jukun Liu, Jingping Lu","doi":"10.1155/2024/4786384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4786384","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the limit cycles and local bifurcation of critical periods for a class of switching <svg height=\"12.1436pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.18148pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.96212 14.0106 12.1436\" width=\"14.0106pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-91\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.931,3.132)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g50-51\"></use></g></svg> equivariant quartic system with two symmetric singularities are investigated. First, through the computation of Lyapunov constants, the conditions of the two singularities to become the centers are determined. Then, we prove that there are at most 18 limit cycles with a distribution pattern of 9-9 around the two symmetric singular points of the system. Numerical simulation is conducted to validate the obtained results. Furthermore, by calculating the period constants, we determine the conditions for the critical point to be a weak center of finite order. Finally, the number of local critical periods that bifurcate from the equilibrium point under the center conditions is discussed. This study presents the first example of a quartic switching smooth system with 18 limit cycles and 4 local critical periods bifurcating from two symmetric singular points.","PeriodicalId":55177,"journal":{"name":"Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140828046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How does foreign aid affect recipient countries’ labor institutions? Extant empirical evidence is sparse due to ambiguous theoretical predictions and potential endogeneity issues. This study uses data detailing aid flow and institutional functions to mitigate such inconclusiveness and displays originality by constructing a concise theoretical framework in which foreign aid contributes to the improvement of the labor institutions in recipient countries through two mechanisms—economic growth purpose and expected aid attraction. The findings indicate that only aid to enhance local economic growth provides incentives to change domestic labor markets. Such effects have a more crucial influence on labor institutions of minimum wage, collective bargaining rights, and working hours than those related to hiring and firing regulations, mandated costs for worker dismissal, and conscription. For comparison with the actual aid level, we construct forecasted proxies to capture exogenous fluctuations in aid, determining that domestic labor markets can also change via a novel mechanism, as the recipient voluntarily mimics the funder’s labor policies in anticipation of receiving future aid, with exact amounts derived from the noninstitutional characteristics of pairs of bilateral recipient and giver economies. Therefore, we provide policy implications for the aid giver on how to secure a continued and increased aid flow and for the aid receivers on which aspects of reforming measures are most effective in enhancing the labor market regulations.
{"title":"Global Flow of Foreign Aid and Change in Recipients’ Local Labor Institutions","authors":"Shuzhen Niu, Xiang Gao, Zhenhua Gu, Yingchao Zhang, Qian Wei","doi":"10.1155/2024/1147752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1147752","url":null,"abstract":"How does foreign aid affect recipient countries’ labor institutions? Extant empirical evidence is sparse due to ambiguous theoretical predictions and potential endogeneity issues. This study uses data detailing aid flow and institutional functions to mitigate such inconclusiveness and displays originality by constructing a concise theoretical framework in which foreign aid contributes to the improvement of the labor institutions in recipient countries through two mechanisms—economic growth purpose and expected aid attraction. The findings indicate that only aid to enhance local economic growth provides incentives to change domestic labor markets. Such effects have a more crucial influence on labor institutions of minimum wage, collective bargaining rights, and working hours than those related to hiring and firing regulations, mandated costs for worker dismissal, and conscription. For comparison with the actual aid level, we construct forecasted proxies to capture exogenous fluctuations in aid, determining that domestic labor markets can also change via a novel mechanism, as the recipient voluntarily mimics the funder’s labor policies in anticipation of receiving future aid, with exact amounts derived from the noninstitutional characteristics of pairs of bilateral recipient and giver economies. Therefore, we provide policy implications for the aid giver on how to secure a continued and increased aid flow and for the aid receivers on which aspects of reforming measures are most effective in enhancing the labor market regulations.","PeriodicalId":55177,"journal":{"name":"Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The discussion models the IRI-2012 TEC map over a moderate geomagnetic storm period (5 days) in February 2015 and compares the yield of the models. The models are constructed with the help of cubic Bézier curves and machine learning. In a sense, the comparison of a classical and mechanical approach with a modern and computer-based one is a considerable experience for the paper. The parametric curve approach governs models of piecewise continuous Bézier cubics, while the models employ only the TEC map. The design is separated into curve components at every five-hour curvature point, and each component is handled independently. Instead of the traditional least squares method for finding control points of cubics, it utilizes the mean of every five-hour of the piecewise curves of the TEC data. Accordingly, the prediction error can be controlled at a rate that can compete with the modern network approach. In the network model, 120 hours of the solar wind parameters and the TEC map of the storm are processed. The reliability of the network model is assessed by the (R) correlation coefficient and mean square error. In modeling the TEC map with the classical approach, the mean absolute error is 0.0901% and the correlation coefficient (R) score is 99.9%. The R score of the network model is 99.6%, and the mean square error is 0.71958 (TECU) (at epoch 47). The results agree with the literature.
{"title":"Bézier Cubics and Neural Network Agreement along a Moderate Geomagnetic Storm","authors":"Emre Eroglu, Mehmet Emir Koksal","doi":"10.1155/2024/3559969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3559969","url":null,"abstract":"The discussion models the IRI-2012 TEC map over a <i>moderate</i> geomagnetic storm period (5 days) in February 2015 and compares the yield of the models. The models are constructed with the help of cubic <i>Bézier</i> curves and <i>machine learning</i>. In a sense, the comparison of a <i>classical</i> and mechanical approach with a <i>modern</i> and computer-based one is a considerable experience for the paper. The parametric curve approach governs models of piecewise continuous Bézier cubics, while the models employ only the TEC map. The design is separated into curve components at every five-hour curvature point, and each component is handled independently. Instead of the traditional least squares method for finding control points of cubics, it utilizes the mean of every five-hour of the piecewise curves of the TEC data. Accordingly, the prediction error can be controlled at a rate that can compete with the modern network approach. In the network model, 120 hours of the solar wind parameters and the TEC map of the storm are processed. The reliability of the network model is assessed by the (R) correlation coefficient and mean square error. In modeling the TEC map with the classical approach, the mean absolute error is 0.0901% and the correlation coefficient (R) score is 99.9%. The R score of the network model is 99.6%, and the mean square error is 0.71958 (TECU) (at epoch 47). The results agree with the literature.","PeriodicalId":55177,"journal":{"name":"Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140322170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper is organized to study some mathematical properties and dynamics of a simple Cournot duopoly game based on a computed quadratic cost. The time evolution of this game is described by a two-dimensional noninvertible discrete time map using the bounded rationality mechanism. For this map, some dynamic characteristics such as multistability and synchronization are investigated. Its equilibrium points are obtained for the asymmetric case, and their conditions of stability are obtained. Our results investigate that the Nash equilibrium point may be unstable due to flip bifurcation and under certain parameter values, and Neimark–Sacker bifurcation is born after the period-4 cycle. Through some restrictions, the coordinate axes of the map construct an invariant manifold, and therefore, their dynamics can be analyzed by using a one-dimensional map. In the symmetric case, both firms behave identically, and this implies that the diagonal set forms an invariant manifold, and hence the synchronization phenomena take place. Furthermore, the global bifurcation of the map is confirmed through contact between critical curves and the boundaries of infeasible domains.
{"title":"Dynamic Analysis of a Simple Cournot Duopoly Model Based on a Computed Cost","authors":"S. S. Askar, Ahmad M. Alshamrani","doi":"10.1155/2024/9912671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9912671","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is organized to study some mathematical properties and dynamics of a simple Cournot duopoly game based on a computed quadratic cost. The time evolution of this game is described by a two-dimensional noninvertible discrete time map using the bounded rationality mechanism. For this map, some dynamic characteristics such as multistability and synchronization are investigated. Its equilibrium points are obtained for the asymmetric case, and their conditions of stability are obtained. Our results investigate that the Nash equilibrium point may be unstable due to flip bifurcation and under certain parameter values, and Neimark–Sacker bifurcation is born after the period-4 cycle. Through some restrictions, the coordinate axes of the map construct an invariant manifold, and therefore, their dynamics can be analyzed by using a one-dimensional map. In the symmetric case, both firms behave identically, and this implies that the diagonal set forms an invariant manifold, and hence the synchronization phenomena take place. Furthermore, the global bifurcation of the map is confirmed through contact between critical curves and the boundaries of infeasible domains.","PeriodicalId":55177,"journal":{"name":"Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140302673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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