Nicola Hohensee, Claudia Bischof, Fanny Alexandra Dietel, Nadja Klein, Philipp Doebler, Ulrike Buhlmann
Past research showed that lower emotional clarity (EC) was associated with more maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) and psychopathology, such as obsessive-compulsive (OC) disorder (OCD). However, most of these studies used single time-point, retrospective self-reports. Next to high risk for recall biases and low ecological validity, this assessment method is only able to capture between-person differences (i.e., individuals generally high vs. low in EC). It therefore neglects temporal variations in EC and resulting within-person differences (i.e., moments with higher-than-usual vs. lower-than-usual EC within one individual). To address this gap, our study uses intensive longitudinal data based on a 6-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design with up to six measurements daily. In total, N = 72 individuals diagnosed with OCD and N = 54 mentally healthy controls (HCs) reported on EC, ER behavior, and OC symptoms. Our results confirm that EC was significantly lower in individuals with OCD, even when controlling for baseline depression. Furthermore, lower within-person EC was associated with a higher number of used avoidance-oriented ER strategies, a lower number of engagement-oriented ER strategies and lower ER effectiveness. Surprisingly, these associations were more pronounced in the control (vs. OCD) group. In individuals with OCD, results indicated a negative concurrent (but not subsequent) association between EC and OC symptoms. Explanations for nonsignificant findings and possible implications for the role of EC in OCD are discussed.
{"title":"Associations Among in-The-Moment Emotional Clarity, Emotion Regulation, and Psychopathology in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","authors":"Nicola Hohensee, Claudia Bischof, Fanny Alexandra Dietel, Nadja Klein, Philipp Doebler, Ulrike Buhlmann","doi":"10.1155/da/7799020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/7799020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Past research showed that lower emotional clarity (EC) was associated with more maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) and psychopathology, such as obsessive-compulsive (OC) disorder (OCD). However, most of these studies used single time-point, retrospective self-reports. Next to high risk for recall biases and low ecological validity, this assessment method is only able to capture between-person differences (i.e., individuals generally high vs. low in EC). It therefore neglects temporal variations in EC and resulting within-person differences (i.e., moments with higher-than-usual vs. lower-than-usual EC within one individual). To address this gap, our study uses intensive longitudinal data based on a 6-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design with up to six measurements daily. In total, <i>N</i> = 72 individuals diagnosed with OCD and <i>N</i> = 54 mentally healthy controls (HCs) reported on EC, ER behavior, and OC symptoms. Our results confirm that EC was significantly lower in individuals with OCD, even when controlling for baseline depression. Furthermore, lower within-person EC was associated with a higher number of used avoidance-oriented ER strategies, a lower number of engagement-oriented ER strategies and lower ER effectiveness. Surprisingly, these associations were more pronounced in the control (vs. OCD) group. In individuals with OCD, results indicated a negative concurrent (but not subsequent) association between EC and OC symptoms. Explanations for nonsignificant findings and possible implications for the role of EC in OCD are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/7799020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145521972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous studies have indicated an association between mood symptoms and cognitive decline in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) spectrum. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition in the brain, which is a core pathological characteristic of AD, along with the presence of plasma biomarkers, such as phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau), constitutes an early predictive indicator for AD. We attempted to explore the relationship between mood symptoms and the presence of AD-related plasma biomarkers in patients with brain Aβ deposition.
Method
We included 2612 participants aged ≥50 years (707 males; average age 66.98 ± 7.75 years) in this study. We used the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAMA) to assess mood symptoms. Cognitive status was categorized into AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and normal cognition (NC). We used analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare mood symptoms assessment scores in different cognitive groups after making adjustments for age, gender, and education. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between mood scores and plasma biomarker levels, adjusting for positivity in Aβ PET imaging.
Results
Compared to NC patients, patients with AD exhibited higher levels of depression (mean of 4.72 versus 3.39, p < 0.05), whereas patients with SCD exhibited higher levels of anxiety (mean of 6.28 versus 4.26, p < 0.05). After accounting for brain Aβ deposition and presence of plasma biomarkers, the plasma neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels (B = 0.211, SE = 0.059, p = 0.001) were associated with HAMD scores. The plasma p-tau181 levels (B = 1.328, SE = 0.576, p = 0.025) were associated with HAMA scores.
Conclusion
Plasma biomarkers have significant potential in predicting anxiety and depressive symptoms in individuals with brain Aβ deposition. This can aid the early clinical diagnosis and intervention of AD.
背景先前的研究表明，阿尔茨海默病（AD）谱系的情绪症状与认知能力下降之间存在关联。淀粉样蛋白- β (a β)在大脑中的沉积是AD的核心病理特征，与血浆生物标志物如磷酸化tau蛋白（p-tau）的存在一起，构成了AD的早期预测指标。我们试图探讨心境症状与ad相关血浆生物标志物在脑Aβ沉积患者中的存在之间的关系。方法纳入年龄≥50岁的2612例受试者，其中男性707例，平均年龄66.98±7.75岁。我们使用汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表（HAMD）和汉密尔顿焦虑评定量表（HAMA）来评估情绪症状。认知状态分为AD、轻度认知障碍（MCI）、主观认知衰退（SCD）和正常认知（NC）。我们使用协方差分析（ANCOVA）来比较不同认知组在调整年龄、性别和教育程度后的情绪症状评估得分。采用线性回归分析来研究情绪评分与血浆生物标志物水平之间的关系，并对Aβ PET成像阳性进行调整。结果与NC患者相比，AD患者表现出更高的抑郁水平（平均4.72比3.39,p < 0.05），而SCD患者表现出更高的焦虑水平（平均6.28比4.26,p < 0.05）。在考虑脑Aβ沉积和血浆生物标志物的存在后，血浆神经丝轻链（NFL）水平（B = 0.211, SE = 0.059, p = 0.001）与HAMD评分相关。血浆p-tau181水平（B = 1.328, SE = 0.576, p = 0.025）与HAMA评分相关。结论血浆生物标志物在预测脑Aβ沉积个体的焦虑和抑郁症状方面具有重要意义。这有助于AD的早期临床诊断和干预。
{"title":"Mood Symptoms are Associated With Cognitive Status, Brain Amyloid-Beta Deposition, and Plasma Biomarkers","authors":"Jingru Wang, Lin Huang, Linfang Sun, Qihao Guo, Yingzi He, Yanping Jing","doi":"10.1155/da/7515712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/7515712","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous studies have indicated an association between mood symptoms and cognitive decline in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) spectrum. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition in the brain, which is a core pathological characteristic of AD, along with the presence of plasma biomarkers, such as phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau), constitutes an early predictive indicator for AD. We attempted to explore the relationship between mood symptoms and the presence of AD-related plasma biomarkers in patients with brain Aβ deposition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 2612 participants aged ≥50 years (707 males; average age 66.98 ± 7.75 years) in this study. We used the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAMA) to assess mood symptoms. Cognitive status was categorized into AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and normal cognition (NC). We used analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare mood symptoms assessment scores in different cognitive groups after making adjustments for age, gender, and education. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between mood scores and plasma biomarker levels, adjusting for positivity in Aβ PET imaging.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared to NC patients, patients with AD exhibited higher levels of depression (mean of 4.72 versus 3.39, <i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas patients with SCD exhibited higher levels of anxiety (mean of 6.28 versus 4.26, <i>p</i> < 0.05). After accounting for brain Aβ deposition and presence of plasma biomarkers, the plasma neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels (<i>B</i> = 0.211, SE = 0.059, <i>p</i> = 0.001) were associated with HAMD scores. The plasma p-tau181 levels (<i>B</i> = 1.328, SE = 0.576, <i>p</i> = 0.025) were associated with HAMA scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plasma biomarkers have significant potential in predicting anxiety and depressive symptoms in individuals with brain Aβ deposition. This can aid the early clinical diagnosis and intervention of AD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/7515712","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145521973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiannan Xian, Yuju Wu, Lu Liu, Gary L. Darmstadt, Ann M. Weber, Andrew Rule, Cui Luo, Huan Zhou
Background
The mental health of mothers has an important impact on both the growth and development of infants and on the health of mothers themselves. Family decision-making may play an important role in mother’s mental health, yet little research has explored the relationship. This paper explores the association and influential pathways between family decision-making and mental health among mothers of infants in rural western China.
Methods
: Mothers with infants aged 0–6 months in four impoverished counties of a predominantly rural province in southwestern China were enrolled in 2021 from the control group of a cluster-randomized trial using a multistage sampling method and followed up 6 months later. Information on family decision-making, perceived social support, and maternal mental health was collected through household interviews. Causal mediation analysis was employed to explore the association between family decision-making and mental health, and a four-item decomposition was used to explore the control direct effect of family decision-making on mental health, the pure mediation effect of perceived social support, and the possible interaction between exposure and mediation.
Results
Baseline data was collected on 444 mother–infant pairs and 331 were followed up 6 months later. After controlling for the set of confounding factors indicated by our causal framework, the results of longitudinal causal mediation analyses showed that family decision-making was negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress after controlling for confounding factors (βtotal effect: −1.323, −0.928, and −1.351, respectively). Perceived social support played a proportional mediating role in each of the above associations (pure indirect effects of 22.33%, 22.60%, and 27.02%, respectively), while interaction effects were not significant.
Conclusions
Family decision-making had a direct negative effect on maternal depression, anxiety, and stress, and perceived social support played a mediating role. These findings can be used to guide future interventions to improve maternal mental health and healthy child development in rural China.
{"title":"Role of Family Decision-Making and Perceived Social Support in the Mental Health of Mothers of Infants in Rural Western China","authors":"Xiannan Xian, Yuju Wu, Lu Liu, Gary L. Darmstadt, Ann M. Weber, Andrew Rule, Cui Luo, Huan Zhou","doi":"10.1155/da/8794211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/8794211","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mental health of mothers has an important impact on both the growth and development of infants and on the health of mothers themselves. Family decision-making may play an important role in mother’s mental health, yet little research has explored the relationship. This paper explores the association and influential pathways between family decision-making and mental health among mothers of infants in rural western China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>: Mothers with infants aged 0–6 months in four impoverished counties of a predominantly rural province in southwestern China were enrolled in 2021 from the control group of a cluster-randomized trial using a multistage sampling method and followed up 6 months later. Information on family decision-making, perceived social support, and maternal mental health was collected through household interviews. Causal mediation analysis was employed to explore the association between family decision-making and mental health, and a four-item decomposition was used to explore the control direct effect of family decision-making on mental health, the pure mediation effect of perceived social support, and the possible interaction between exposure and mediation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Baseline data was collected on 444 mother–infant pairs and 331 were followed up 6 months later. After controlling for the set of confounding factors indicated by our causal framework, the results of longitudinal causal mediation analyses showed that family decision-making was negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress after controlling for confounding factors (<i>β</i><sub>total effect</sub>: −1.323, −0.928, and −1.351, respectively). Perceived social support played a proportional mediating role in each of the above associations (pure indirect effects of 22.33%, 22.60%, and 27.02%, respectively), while interaction effects were not significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Family decision-making had a direct negative effect on maternal depression, anxiety, and stress, and perceived social support played a mediating role. These findings can be used to guide future interventions to improve maternal mental health and healthy child development in rural China.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/8794211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145522031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sleep problem among coronary heart disease (CHD) patients has emerged as a pressing health problem. This study aimed to explore different sleep quality patterns and their associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms among CHD patients.
Methods
This study included 691 CHD patients from China and was conducted in 2023. Basic demographic characteristics, sleep quality, depressive, and anxiety symptoms were collected. Latent class analysis (LCA) and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify sleep quality patterns and to explore the associations between these patterns and symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Results
Among the patients, 62.81% reported depressive symptoms and 48.48% had anxiety symptoms. Four sleep quality patterns were identified: “Good sleep group” (55.57%), “Inefficient short sleep group” (14.33%), “Poor sleep group” (8.68%), and “Disturbed sleep group” (21.42%). Compared to the “Good sleep group,” both “Disturbed sleep group” (OR = 4.39, 95% CI: 2.76–6.97) and “Poor sleep group” (OR = 3.92, 95% CI: 2.02–7.61) exhibited high depressive symptoms, with “Inefficient short sleep group” also showing increased depressive symptoms (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.54–4.02). For anxiety symptoms, “Poor sleep group” (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.64–5.12), “Disturbed sleep group” (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.60–3.47), and “Inefficient short sleep group” (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.35–3.31) all exhibited elevated levels of anxiety symptoms. These associations remained robust after adjusting for potential confounders.
Conclusion
This study highlights the critical role of sleep quality in the mental health of CHD patients, identifying specific sleep quality patterns associated with higher risks of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Improving sleep quality may serve as an effective approach to alleviating these mental health symptoms, offering valuable insights for targeted interventions to enhance well-being of CHD patients.
{"title":"Patterns of Sleep Quality and Their Associations With Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms Among Chinese Coronary Heart Disease Patients: A Latent Class Analysis","authors":"Shuwen Bai, Wenwen Chen, Qi Li, Jiukai Zhao, Dianjun Qi, Shuang Zang","doi":"10.1155/da/2442363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/2442363","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sleep problem among coronary heart disease (CHD) patients has emerged as a pressing health problem. This study aimed to explore different sleep quality patterns and their associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms among CHD patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study included 691 CHD patients from China and was conducted in 2023. Basic demographic characteristics, sleep quality, depressive, and anxiety symptoms were collected. Latent class analysis (LCA) and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify sleep quality patterns and to explore the associations between these patterns and symptoms of depression and anxiety.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among the patients, 62.81% reported depressive symptoms and 48.48% had anxiety symptoms. Four sleep quality patterns were identified: “Good sleep group” (55.57%), “Inefficient short sleep group” (14.33%), “Poor sleep group” (8.68%), and “Disturbed sleep group” (21.42%). Compared to the “Good sleep group,” both “Disturbed sleep group” (OR = 4.39, 95% CI: 2.76–6.97) and “Poor sleep group” (OR = 3.92, 95% CI: 2.02–7.61) exhibited high depressive symptoms, with “Inefficient short sleep group” also showing increased depressive symptoms (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.54–4.02). For anxiety symptoms, “Poor sleep group” (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.64–5.12), “Disturbed sleep group” (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.60–3.47), and “Inefficient short sleep group” (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.35–3.31) all exhibited elevated levels of anxiety symptoms. These associations remained robust after adjusting for potential confounders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights the critical role of sleep quality in the mental health of CHD patients, identifying specific sleep quality patterns associated with higher risks of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Improving sleep quality may serve as an effective approach to alleviating these mental health symptoms, offering valuable insights for targeted interventions to enhance well-being of CHD patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/2442363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145522032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. OSA, characterized by intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, contributes to brain damage and emotional regulation issues, which may predispose individuals to psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. The research focuses on understanding the heightened risks of these disorders in OSA patients to inform clinical interventions. To assess the risk differences for psychiatric disorders in patients with OSA compared to those without OSA.
Materials and Methods
The study utilized a retrospective cohort design, analyzing de-identified electronic health records (EHRs) from the TriNetX US Network. Data from 7,079,095 individuals (aged 18–65 years) were included. After exclusion (prior psychiatric disorders, circadian rhythm disorders, central sleep apnea, pregnancy, or death before index date), 368,125 OSA patients and 4,396,092 non-OSA individuals remained eligible. Following propensity score matching (PSM), 360,708 patients per group were analyzed. divided into OSA (368,125 patients) and non-OSA (4,396,092 patients) cohorts. PSM (360,708 patients per group) was applied to balance baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was the 8-year risk of newly diagnosed psychiatric disorders, analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
Patients with OSA showed significantly higher cumulative probabilities for psychiatric disorders over 8 years: depressive disorders: 27.4% in OSA patients vs. 15.8% in non-OSA patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.913). Anxiety disorders: 37.4% in OSA patients vs. 25.4% in non-OSA patients (HR: 1.663). Bipolar disorder: increased risk in OSA patients (HR: 1.885). Schizophrenia: minimal differences between groups (HR: 0.971). Subgroup analyses revealed that younger individuals and those with higher BMI were at greater risk for psychiatric disorders.
Conclusion
OSA significantly elevates the risk of psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety. These findings emphasize the need for targeted screening and management strategies for high-risk populations, including younger and overweight individuals.
{"title":"The Population Based Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Psychiatric Conditions","authors":"Chuan-Yi Kao, Tsui-Hsein Huang, Chuan-Hui Kao, Jing-Yang Huang, Chia-Tze Kao, Yi Hsien Hsieh","doi":"10.1155/da/4329208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/4329208","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. OSA, characterized by intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, contributes to brain damage and emotional regulation issues, which may predispose individuals to psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. The research focuses on understanding the heightened risks of these disorders in OSA patients to inform clinical interventions. To assess the risk differences for psychiatric disorders in patients with OSA compared to those without OSA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study utilized a retrospective cohort design, analyzing de-identified electronic health records (EHRs) from the TriNetX US Network. Data from 7,079,095 individuals (aged 18–65 years) were included. After exclusion (prior psychiatric disorders, circadian rhythm disorders, central sleep apnea, pregnancy, or death before index date), 368,125 OSA patients and 4,396,092 non-OSA individuals remained eligible. Following propensity score matching (PSM), 360,708 patients per group were analyzed. divided into OSA (368,125 patients) and non-OSA (4,396,092 patients) cohorts. PSM (360,708 patients per group) was applied to balance baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was the 8-year risk of newly diagnosed psychiatric disorders, analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with OSA showed significantly higher cumulative probabilities for psychiatric disorders over 8 years: depressive disorders: 27.4% in OSA patients vs. 15.8% in non-OSA patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.913). Anxiety disorders: 37.4% in OSA patients vs. 25.4% in non-OSA patients (HR: 1.663). Bipolar disorder: increased risk in OSA patients (HR: 1.885). Schizophrenia: minimal differences between groups (HR: 0.971). Subgroup analyses revealed that younger individuals and those with higher BMI were at greater risk for psychiatric disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>OSA significantly elevates the risk of psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety. These findings emphasize the need for targeted screening and management strategies for high-risk populations, including younger and overweight individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/4329208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145521829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shakila Meshkat, Qiaowei Lin, Vanessa K. Tassone, Hilary Y. M. Pang, Wendy Lou, Venkat Bhat
Background
Depression, a prevalent mood disorder, is often accompanied by considerable functional impairment. Its relationship with specific physical functioning domains and potential variations by symptom type or sex, however, has not been fully clarified. This study investigates these associations, paying particular attention to overall severity, sex differences, and cognitive–affective versus somatic symptom dimensions.
Methods
Data were drawn from 31,336 adults who participated in the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Mental Health–Depression Screener (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]), while functional outcomes were based on the Physical Functioning questionnaire (PFQ). Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to examine associations.
Results
Of all participants, 2534 (7.09%) met criteria for depressive symptoms. These individuals demonstrated markedly greater odds of functional limitations across multiple domains. The strongest association was observed for limitations in leisure and social activities (LSAs; aOR = 8.04; 95% CI = 6.68–9.67), while the weakest was for lower extremity mobility (LEM; aOR = 4.51; 95% CI = 3.53–5.76). Each incremental increase in PHQ-9 score was linked to higher odds of limitations, including 21% greater odds for LSAs (95% CI = 1.19–1.24) and 16% for LEM (95% CI = 1.14–1.19). Sex-stratified analyses suggested that females reported fewer impairments in activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADLs (IADLs), LEM, and general physical activities (GPAs) than males. Cognitive–affective and somatic subscales both showed the strongest associations with LSAs (aOR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.30–1.40; and aOR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.37–1.44, respectively) and the weakest with LEM (aOR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.21–1.29; and aOR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.27–1.37, respectively).
Conclusions
Depressive symptoms are consistently and strongly related to physical functioning difficulties, with variations across symptom domains and sex. Future studies should explore underlying mechanisms and validate these findings.
抑郁症是一种普遍存在的情绪障碍，通常伴有相当大的功能障碍。然而，它与特定身体功能领域的关系以及症状类型或性别的潜在变化尚未完全澄清。本研究调查了这些关联，特别关注总体严重程度、性别差异和认知-情感与躯体症状维度。方法数据来自参加2005-2018年全国健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的31336名成年人。采用心理健康-抑郁筛查（患者健康问卷[PHQ-9]）测量抑郁症状，而功能结果基于身体功能问卷（PFQ）。采用多变量逻辑回归模型来检验相关性。结果2534人（7.09%）符合抑郁症状标准。这些人在多个领域表现出明显更大的功能限制。休闲和社交活动受限的相关性最强（LSAs; aOR = 8.04; 95% CI = 6.68-9.67），而下肢活动受限的相关性最弱（LEM; aOR = 4.51; 95% CI = 3.53-5.76）。PHQ-9评分的每一次增加都与更高的局限性几率相关，包括LSAs的几率增加21% (95% CI = 1.19-1.24)， LEM的几率增加16% （95% CI = 1.14-1.19）。性别分层分析表明，女性在日常生活活动（ADLs）、工具性ADLs （IADLs）、LEM和一般体育活动（gpa）方面的损伤比男性少。认知-情感和躯体亚量表与LSAs的相关性最强（aOR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.30-1.40; aOR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.37-1.44），与LEM的相关性最弱（aOR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.21-1.29; aOR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.27-1.37）。结论：抑郁症状与身体功能障碍密切相关，在不同症状域和性别之间存在差异。未来的研究应该探索潜在的机制并验证这些发现。
{"title":"The Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Limitations in Physical Functioning","authors":"Shakila Meshkat, Qiaowei Lin, Vanessa K. Tassone, Hilary Y. M. Pang, Wendy Lou, Venkat Bhat","doi":"10.1155/da/9990793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/9990793","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Depression, a prevalent mood disorder, is often accompanied by considerable functional impairment. Its relationship with specific physical functioning domains and potential variations by symptom type or sex, however, has not been fully clarified. This study investigates these associations, paying particular attention to overall severity, sex differences, and cognitive–affective versus somatic symptom dimensions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were drawn from 31,336 adults who participated in the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Mental Health–Depression Screener (Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]), while functional outcomes were based on the Physical Functioning questionnaire (PFQ). Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to examine associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of all participants, 2534 (7.09%) met criteria for depressive symptoms. These individuals demonstrated markedly greater odds of functional limitations across multiple domains. The strongest association was observed for limitations in leisure and social activities (LSAs; aOR = 8.04; 95% CI = 6.68–9.67), while the weakest was for lower extremity mobility (LEM; aOR = 4.51; 95% CI = 3.53–5.76). Each incremental increase in PHQ-9 score was linked to higher odds of limitations, including 21% greater odds for LSAs (95% CI = 1.19–1.24) and 16% for LEM (95% CI = 1.14–1.19). Sex-stratified analyses suggested that females reported fewer impairments in activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADLs (IADLs), LEM, and general physical activities (GPAs) than males. Cognitive–affective and somatic subscales both showed the strongest associations with LSAs (aOR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.30–1.40; and aOR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.37–1.44, respectively) and the weakest with LEM (aOR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.21–1.29; and aOR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.27–1.37, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Depressive symptoms are consistently and strongly related to physical functioning difficulties, with variations across symptom domains and sex. Future studies should explore underlying mechanisms and validate these findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/9990793","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145521594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Goodman, Lauren Raimer-Goodman, Heidi M. Hagen McPherson, Dawit Woldu, Shreela Sharma, Ryan Ramphul, Fridah Mukiri, Agnes Maigallo
Objective
This study aims to address critical gaps in understanding the bidirectional relationships between food insecurity, anxiety, and depression in Meru County, Kenya. By employing a cross-lagged panel analysis, we seek to clarify these temporal dynamics, contributing to the design of targeted interventions that integrate food security and mental health in the context of climate change.
Methods
A cross-lagged panel analysis was conducted using data from 362 adult participants in a community-based empowerment program (2023) in Meru County, Kenya. Participants completed self-report measures of food insecurity, anxiety, and depression at two time points, 11 weeks apart.
Results
Food insecurity (T1) predicted subsequent anxiety and depression (T2), controlling for within-variable, within-time, and control-variable correlations. Village-level food insecurity (T1) was correlated with significantly higher anxiety (T2). Additionally, anxiety (T1) predicted higher subsequent food insecurity (T2).
Conclusion
Food insecurity and anxiety have a complex bidirectional relationship. Interventions that address food security, mental health, and the psychosocial factors that promote adaptation to food-insecure environments are essential for promoting the well-being of individuals and communities in the face of climate change.
{"title":"Navigating the Nexus of Food Insecurity, Anxiety, and Depression in the Face of Climate Change: A Longitudinal Study in Rural Kenya","authors":"Michael Goodman, Lauren Raimer-Goodman, Heidi M. Hagen McPherson, Dawit Woldu, Shreela Sharma, Ryan Ramphul, Fridah Mukiri, Agnes Maigallo","doi":"10.1155/da/5510493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/5510493","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to address critical gaps in understanding the bidirectional relationships between food insecurity, anxiety, and depression in Meru County, Kenya. By employing a cross-lagged panel analysis, we seek to clarify these temporal dynamics, contributing to the design of targeted interventions that integrate food security and mental health in the context of climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-lagged panel analysis was conducted using data from 362 adult participants in a community-based empowerment program (2023) in Meru County, Kenya. Participants completed self-report measures of food insecurity, anxiety, and depression at two time points, 11 weeks apart.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Food insecurity (T1) predicted subsequent anxiety and depression (T2), controlling for within-variable, within-time, and control-variable correlations. Village-level food insecurity (T1) was correlated with significantly higher anxiety (T2). Additionally, anxiety (T1) predicted higher subsequent food insecurity (T2).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Food insecurity and anxiety have a complex bidirectional relationship. Interventions that address food security, mental health, and the psychosocial factors that promote adaptation to food-insecure environments are essential for promoting the well-being of individuals and communities in the face of climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/5510493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Depression and social anxiety are frequently co-occurring conditions that significantly impact young people. Anhedonia may be important to consider in early interventions for these conditions, but the roles of specific dimensions of anhedonia—anticipatory and consummatory—are not well understood. This study explored the symptom connectivity of depression and social anxiety in university students, focusing on how the two dimensions of anhedonia relate to symptoms of both conditions.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional network analysis of data from 672 university students (19–24 years). A Gaussian graphical model was used to investigate the relationship between anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia and symptoms of depression and social anxiety.
Results
Anticipatory anhedonia was distinctively connected with specific depression nodes (low mood and suicidal ideation) and social anxiety nodes (avoiding being the centre of attention and less fear of embarrassment). Consummatory anhedonia was related to a wider range of depression nodes (worthlessness/guilt, suicidal ideation, concentration problems and sleep problems) and all social anxiety nodes. Both dimensions of anhedonia demonstrated strong bridge expected influence (EI), alongside worthlessness/guilt and avoiding being the centre of attention, highlighting their relevance to both social anxiety and depression nodes.
Conclusions
The findings refine our understanding of the psychopathology of depressive and social anxiety symptoms in young people and exemplify the importance of distinguishing the dimensions of anhedonia. Given its transdiagnostic associations, anhedonia may be important to account for in early interventions for depression and social anxiety. Future research should incorporate clinical samples and longitudinal data.
{"title":"Differential Associations of Anticipatory and Consummatory Anhedonia With Depression and Social Anxiety Symptoms: A Network Analysis of University Students","authors":"Sakshi Rajesh, Sverre Urnes Johnson, Asle Hoffart, Eleanor Leigh, Omid V. Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1155/da/5674096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/5674096","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Depression and social anxiety are frequently co-occurring conditions that significantly impact young people. Anhedonia may be important to consider in early interventions for these conditions, but the roles of specific dimensions of anhedonia—anticipatory and consummatory—are not well understood. This study explored the symptom connectivity of depression and social anxiety in university students, focusing on how the two dimensions of anhedonia relate to symptoms of both conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a cross-sectional network analysis of data from 672 university students (19–24 years). A Gaussian graphical model was used to investigate the relationship between anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia and symptoms of depression and social anxiety.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anticipatory anhedonia was distinctively connected with specific depression nodes (<i>low mood</i> and <i>suicidal ideation</i>) and social anxiety nodes (<i>avoiding being the centre of attention</i> and <i>less fear of embarrassment</i>). Consummatory anhedonia was related to a wider range of depression nodes (<i>worthlessness/guilt, suicidal ideation</i>, <i>concentration problems</i> and <i>sleep problems</i>) and all social anxiety nodes. Both dimensions of anhedonia demonstrated strong bridge expected influence (EI), alongside <i>worthlessness/guilt</i> and <i>avoiding being the centre of attention</i>, highlighting their relevance to both social anxiety and depression nodes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings refine our understanding of the psychopathology of depressive and social anxiety symptoms in young people and exemplify the importance of distinguishing the dimensions of anhedonia. Given its transdiagnostic associations, anhedonia may be important to account for in early interventions for depression and social anxiety. Future research should incorporate clinical samples and longitudinal data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/5674096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145407150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elli Cole, Gail Corneau, Alessandra R. Grillo, Suzanne Vrshek-Schallhorn
Extant questionnaire measures of stress frequently conflate stress exposure and response and can be confounded by factors such as trait neuroticism; by contrast, contextual interviews target stress exposure but require significant resources that are a barrier to swift data collection. We reasoned that it may be possible to use researcher-rated “snapshots” of brief participant-written descriptions of stress to obtain similar independence from trait neuroticism as interviews do, even though such an approach would not provide all the benefits of interview measures. This study evaluates the psychometric properties of this novel stress assessment approach using both researcher and self-report ratings, in part by examining the contribution of these indicators of stress to internalizing subfacets. Adults (N = 378) reported on their stress during the COVID-19 pandemic (May–June, 2020) using two measures that covered 11 life domains (~4158 ratings per measure). Inter-rater reliability for researcher ratings of participant stressor descriptions was good, and both self-rated perceived stress and researcher-rated stress had significantly smaller correlations with neuroticism compared to a traditional perceived stress measure, indicating favorable discriminant validity. Both approaches generated acceptable two-factor (interpersonal and noninterpersonal) structures. Interpersonal and noninterpersonal self- and researcher-rated stress were associated with internalizing facets, with some variation. These results provide initial evidence that two novel and rapid methods of measuring stress retain certain appealing properties of life stress interviews (LSIs), for occasions in which interviews are not feasible.
{"title":"Researcher-Rated “Snapshots” of Stress: Initial Validation of Two Stress Assessment Approaches and Their Relationship to Internalizing Symptoms","authors":"Elli Cole, Gail Corneau, Alessandra R. Grillo, Suzanne Vrshek-Schallhorn","doi":"10.1155/da/5522234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/5522234","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extant questionnaire measures of stress frequently conflate stress exposure and response and can be confounded by factors such as trait neuroticism; by contrast, contextual interviews target stress exposure but require significant resources that are a barrier to swift data collection. We reasoned that it may be possible to use researcher-rated “snapshots” of brief participant-written descriptions of stress to obtain similar independence from trait neuroticism as interviews do, even though such an approach would not provide all the benefits of interview measures. This study evaluates the psychometric properties of this novel stress assessment approach using both researcher and self-report ratings, in part by examining the contribution of these indicators of stress to internalizing subfacets. Adults (<i>N</i> = 378) reported on their stress during the COVID-19 pandemic (May–June, 2020) using two measures that covered 11 life domains (~4158 ratings per measure). Inter-rater reliability for researcher ratings of participant stressor descriptions was good, and both self-rated perceived stress and researcher-rated stress had significantly smaller correlations with neuroticism compared to a traditional perceived stress measure, indicating favorable discriminant validity. Both approaches generated acceptable two-factor (interpersonal and noninterpersonal) structures. Interpersonal and noninterpersonal self- and researcher-rated stress were associated with internalizing facets, with some variation. These results provide initial evidence that two novel and rapid methods of measuring stress retain certain appealing properties of life stress interviews (LSIs), for occasions in which interviews are not feasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/5522234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145407481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dietary diversity has been found to be related to depressive symptoms. However, the relationship between the trajectory of dietary diversity score (DDS) and depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults remains unclear.
Methods
The longitudinal dataset of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2011 to 2018 was used to identify the DDS trajectory among older adults over 65 years old by latent class growth analysis. DDS and depressive symptoms were measured using the food frequency questionnaire and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10, respectively. The logistic regression model was used to explore the association between the DDS trajectory and depressive symptoms measured in 2018, and network analysis was used to explore the inter-relationships of depressive symptoms.
Results
A total of 1549 participants were included. This study identified two different DDS trajectories: “persistent high DDS trajectory” and “low but slowly rising DDS trajectory.” After adjusting the covariates, participants with a low but slowly rising DDS trajectory had a higher risk of having depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval [CI]]: 1.71 [1.34–2.18], p<0.001). Comparisons of network structures of depressive symptoms in different DDS trajectories showed that local difference was found in edge CESD2-CESD6 (difficulty with concentrating-feeling nervous/fearful), and the central symptom in both groups was CESD3 “feeling blue/depressed.”
Conclusion
Maintaining high dietary diversity is associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults. Educational campaigns highlighting the importance of dietary diversity could be implemented for this population to lower depression risk and promote healthy aging.
{"title":"Association of Dietary Diversity Trajectories With Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Older Adults: Findings From a Nationwide Population-Based Study","authors":"Qianlu Ding, Tingyi Jia, Zhouyang Sun, Yuan Feng, Qianyi Wang, Qianlong Huang, Xiaopeng Sun, Wei Han, Changgui Kou, Wei Bai","doi":"10.1155/da/7630827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/da/7630827","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dietary diversity has been found to be related to depressive symptoms. However, the relationship between the trajectory of dietary diversity score (DDS) and depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults remains unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The longitudinal dataset of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2011 to 2018 was used to identify the DDS trajectory among older adults over 65 years old by latent class growth analysis. DDS and depressive symptoms were measured using the food frequency questionnaire and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10, respectively. The logistic regression model was used to explore the association between the DDS trajectory and depressive symptoms measured in 2018, and network analysis was used to explore the inter-relationships of depressive symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1549 participants were included. This study identified two different DDS trajectories: “persistent high DDS trajectory” and “low but slowly rising DDS trajectory.” After adjusting the covariates, participants with a low but slowly rising DDS trajectory had a higher risk of having depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval [CI]]: 1.71 [1.34–2.18], <i>p</i><i><</i>0.001). Comparisons of network structures of depressive symptoms in different DDS trajectories showed that local difference was found in edge CESD2-CESD6 (difficulty with concentrating-feeling nervous/fearful), and the central symptom in both groups was CESD3 “feeling blue/depressed.”</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maintaining high dietary diversity is associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults. Educational campaigns highlighting the importance of dietary diversity could be implemented for this population to lower depression risk and promote healthy aging.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55179,"journal":{"name":"Depression and Anxiety","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/da/7630827","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145407144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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