Depression and Anxiety最新文献

Background: This study aims to elucidate characteristics of the symptom network of work–family conflict (WFC) and sleep disorders among Chinese correctional personnels while accounting for job burnout as a possible confounder.

Method: A total of 472 correctional personnel were included. Their WFC, sleep disorders, and job burnout were measured using a Chinese version of Work–Family Conflict Scale (WFCS), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and a revised Chinese version of Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), respectively. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms were respectively identified based on centrality indices and bridge centrality indices. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping procedure.

Results: Daytime condition (strength = 0.01) and strain-based work interference with family (WFCs, strength = 1.45) symptoms had the highest centrality values in the WFC-sleep disorder network structure, which were also identified as two bridge symptoms. Emotional exhaustion, daytime condition, and WFCs appeared to be potential bridge symptoms in the WFC–sleep disorder–burnout network structure.

Conclusions: In this study, among Chinese correctional personnel, daytime conditions, and WFCs were found to be central symptoms in the WFC–sleep disorder network structure, with emotional exhaustion as the bridge symptom in the WFC–sleep disorder–burnout network structure. We encourage relevant organizations to provide timely and effective education and guidance for regulatory personnel regarding these bridge symptoms. Subsequent research should follow up to assess the impact of relevant interventions on symptoms in the WFC–sleep disorder–burnout network, thereby advocating for the mental and physical health of correctional personnel.

The heterogeneity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an obstacle to both understanding and therapy, and this has prompted a search for internally homogeneous neuroradiological subgroups within the broad clinical diagnosis. We set out to do this using the individual differential structural covariance network (IDSCN). We constructed cortical thickness-based IDSCN using T1-weighted images of 89 individuals with PTSD (mean age 42.8 years, 60 female) and 89 demographically matched trauma-exposed non-PTSD (TENP) controls (mean age 43.1 years, 63 female). The IDSCN metric quantifies how the structural covariance edges in a patient differ from those in the controls. We examined the structural diversity of PTSD and variation among subtypes using a hierarchical clustering analysis. PTSD patients exhibited notable diversity in distinct structural covariance edges but mainly affecting three networks: default mode, ventral attention, and sensorimotor. These changes predicted individual PTSD symptom severity. We identified two neuroanatomical subtypes: the one with higher PTSD symptom severity showed lower structural covariance edges in the frontal cortex and between frontal, parietal, and occipital cortex—regions that are functionally implicated in selective attention, response selection, and learning tasks. Thus, deviations in structural covariance in large-scale networks are common in PTSD but fall into two subtypes. This work sheds light on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the clinical heterogeneity and may aid in personalized diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.

Depression and obesity are two diseases that have a profound impact on global health. The relationship between obesity and depression is strongly comorbid, tending to exacerbate metabolic and depressive symptoms. Research also shows that there are complex interactions between obesity, depression symptoms, and food addiction (FA). The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), self-rated depression, and FA. The study sample consisted of 735 subjects (90.2% female, M_BMI = 27.58 kg/m², standard deviation (SD)_BMI = 6.58 kg/m²) aged 18–70 years (M = 39.01, SD = 14.07). The prevalence of FA symptoms was measured using the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 and self-rated depression was assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. The prevalence of FA in the group was 41% and self-rated depression was present in 34.1% of the participants. It was found that the higher the BMI of the subjects, the higher the severity of FA, but the BMI was not significantly correlated with the severity of depression. In addition, the greater the severity of self-rated depression, the greater the severity of FA. This correlation was stronger for men than for women in the 18–30 and 31–45 age groups. The severity of self-rated depression and FA was significantly higher in people with an eating disorders. This study adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that the presence and severity of FA are associated with the severity of self-rated depression, particularly in younger adults. In addition, people with a high BMI, indicating obesity, are more likely to have FA, especially severe FA.

Importance: While the prevalence and impact of depression have been widely described in sickle cell disease, its relationship with precariousness has never been studied.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of depression and its relationship with clinical and demographic factors including social precariousness in children with sickle cell disease in French Guiana.

Methods: We included children aged 12–18 years with sickle cell disease from the Sickle Cell Reference Center in French Guiana. A simple depression questionnaire “Child depression inventory 2” was proposed and completed by a clinical examination and consultation by a psychologist. Using the known assessment of health inequalities and poverty in health screening centres (EPICES) score, we developed a composite precariousness score that uses five items (each item is scored from 0 to 2). According to the chosen items, precariousness was defined as a score ≥5.

Results: The prevalence of depression was 42.5% [95% CI: 31.5–54]. The median age was 15 years [95% CI: 13–17]. The age distribution peaked at 14 years in patients with depression. There were 76% of precarious patients in the depressed group and 18% in the control group (p  < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, genotype SC (OR = 7.66, [1.17; 50.13], p = 0.0338) and precariousness (OR = 15.68, [4.73; 51.94], p  < 0.0001) were associated with higher rates of depression. Baseline hemoglobin levels (OR = 0.48, [0.27; 0.88], p = 0.0173) were also associated with lower rates of depression.

Conclusions and Relevance: Despite free healthcare, precariousness is an independent risk factor for depression.

Introduction: Bipolar disorders (BD) are characterized by mood symptoms that can worsen medication side effects. We aimed to study the association between residual mood signs and self-reported side effects in the euthymic phase of BD.

Methods: We assessed residual mood signs using the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating scale (MADRS) and Young Mania Rating scale (YMRS) and self-reported side effects using the Patient-Rated Inventory of Side Effects (PRISE-M) for 880 males and 1369 females with BD. We conducted a network analysis to test the associations between 52 items of the three scales for males and females separately. We then identified clusters of nodes that fit the networks well.

Results: We report only positive associations between residual mood signs and side effects. An elevated mood (YMRS) in females and increased energy (YMRS) in males were central nodes, strongly influencing the development of additional mood symptoms and side effects. Furthermore, we identified three clusters of nodes in both sexes: (1) a “mood cluster”, including most YMRS and MADRS items and the PRISE-M items evaluating sedation, sleep, and restlessness, (2) a cluster of nonsexual side effects (mostly PRISE-M items), and (3) a cluster of sexual side effects. In both sexes, we identified bridge nodes that may favor the communication between mood and side effects, namely palpitations (PRISE-M) and agitation (PRISE-M).

Conclusions: The results justify the particular attention of practitioners to monitor elevated moods or increased energy to try to reduce self-reported side effects and other residual mood symptoms in the euthymic phase of BD. Our findings suggest that clinicians could consider patient-reported loss of energy, difficulty in falling asleep, and restlessness as mood symptoms rather than medications’ side effects. Palpitations and agitation may contribute to the development of additional mood symptoms or somatic complaints.

This prospective study aimed to investigate whether fear conditioning parameters measured at baseline could predict the development of emotional distress over a 6-month period among 655 first-year university students. Verbal and behavioral measures of acquisition, extinction, avoidance, and generalization were obtained through an online task at the start of the academic year. Emotional distress was evaluated 4 to 6 months later, with questionnaires assessing anxiety, stress, depression, and coping trajectories. Initial analyses explored the interplay of conditioning parameters at baseline, hypothesizing that the corresponding learning processes may mutually reinforce each other, contributing to distinct vulnerabilities for emotional distress. Although no distinct profiles based on conditioning processes were identified, the analyses did uncover correlations between increased acquisition and avoidance of conditioned threat stimuli and reduced extinction, avoidance of safe stimuli, and generalization. Subsequent main analyses related the processes and their interactions to the development of emotional distress. Findings suggest that acquiring fear toward conditioned safety and threat stimuli, as well as avoiding conditioned threat stimuli, may be predictive of higher levels of emotional distress. Analyses relating extinction and generalization to emotional distress revealed mostly nonsignificant findings, emphasizing the need for methodological scrutiny in identifying anxiety-related learning indices. This research contributes to understanding individual differences in the development of emotional distress and informs future investigations into learning processes and their implications for mental health.

Background: The relationship between laxative use and the risk of depression remains uncertain. We aimed to assess the prospective association of regular laxative use with the risk of incident depression and to examine whether genetic risk of depression modifies this association.

Methods: Four hundred fifty thousand forty-five participants without depression at baseline and have complete information on laxative use from the UK Biobank were included. The study outcome was incident depression, derived from linkage to primary care records, hospital inpatient data, death register records, or self-reported medical conditions at follow-up visits.

Results: During a median follow-up of 12.4 years, 18,651(4.1%) participants have developed depression. Regular laxative use was significantly associated with a higher risk of incident depression (vs. nonregular laxative use; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68–1.89). Genetic risk of depression did not significantly modify this association. The risk of incident depression increased with increasing types of laxatives used, with a HR of 1.89 (95%CI, 1.73–2.08) for use of single laxative type and 2.32 (95%CI, 1.82–2.96) for combined use of two or more laxative types (P for trend <0.001). The positive association between regular laxative use and incident depression was more pronounced in men (adjusted HR = 2.21, 95%CI, 1.96–2.48) versus women (adjusted HR = 1.67, 95%CI, 1.56–1.79; P interaction <0.001). Compared to those who did not use laxatives regularly and did not have constipation, participants who used laxatives regularly and had constipation had the highest risk of incident depression (adjusted HR = 2.33, 95%CI, 1.94–2.80).

Conclusions: Regular laxative use was significantly associated with a higher risk of incident depression, especially in men.

We conducted three surveys on representative random samples of adult Polish residents drawn from the citizens’ register. They were conducted in June 2022 (N = 1050), October 2022 (N = 1041), and February 2023 (N = 982). Interviews were conducted using a mixed-mode technique (CAPI, CATI, and CAWI). Our key findings are that at least mild symptoms of depression are exhibited by a quarter of adults surveyed (25.8%), including a tenth (9.4%) with moderate or more severe symptoms. Translated to the population, that is more than 7.5 million Poles with at least mild symptoms and more than 2.7 million with more severe symptoms, respectively. The scale of depression symptoms is characterized by a certain seasonality. Fewer people experience them in spring than in autumn and winter. The most significant risk factors include, first of all, a poor economic situation, the presence of other health problems, and young age. There is also a higher risk for women and residents of large cities.

Background: Psychological distress is a critical concern in mental health, significantly impacting the quality of life across lifespan. Reliable and culturally adaptable assessment tools are essential for effective diagnosis and intervention. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scales (K-10 and K-6) are widely used for their efficiency and psychometric strength, but the reliability of K-10 and K-6 across different populations and settings remains to be determined.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the reliability generalization (RG) of the K-10 and K-6 scales across diverse demographic and cultural contexts, providing a comprehensive meta-analysis of their performance.

Method: A RG meta-analysis was conducted using data from peer-reviewed articles published between 2002 and 2024, sourced from databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The analysis included 48 studies that reported reliability measures like Cronbach’s α, focusing on the psychometric properties of the scales across various populations and settings.

Results: The meta-analysis revealed high internal consistency for both the K-10 (mean α = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.88, 0.91]) and K-6 (mean α = 0.84, 95% CI [0.80, 0.88]) scales. Reliability varied across different populations and languages. For the K-10, the highest reliability was found among adolescents (α = 0.93) and carers (α = 0.91). The K-10 demonstrated exceptional reliability in settings such as Australia (α = 0.97) and significant variability in Tanzania (α = 0.78). The K-6 scale showed high reliability among outpatients (α = 0.89) and the general population (α = 0.87). The scales were adapted into multiple languages, including English, Chinese, Swahili, Farsi, Indonesian, Japanese, Hindi, and Portuguese, reflecting their global applicability and adaptability.

Conclusion: The Kessler Psychological Distress Scales (K-10 and K-6) are reliable tools for measuring psychological distress in general and clinical populations. Their high reliability and adaptability across diverse settings highlight their value in clinical practice and research. These findings support the continued use and adaptation of these scales in global mental health assessments, emphasizing the importance of cultural and linguistic considerations.

Background: High psychological resilience (HR) could protect individuals from psychosocial stress and thereby make individuals less vulnerable to depression and anxiety; however, the underlying neural mechanism remains to be investigated.

Methods: The Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST) was administered to participants of 59 healthy individuals with HR and 56 individuals with low psychological resilience (LR) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Cortisol concentrations and subjective stress levels were collected across the MIST. Repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to measure the group differences in subjective and cortisol stress responses. Two-sample t-tests were conducted to detect the group differences in stress-related brain activation and functional connectivity (FC).

Results: The LR group exhibited an increase in cortisol concentration after the MIST, whereas the HR group exhibited a decrease in cortisol concentration after the MIST. The LR group exhibited higher activation in the left anterior insula and lower FC between the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the right temporal pole (TP) (all p_FWE < 0.05). Mediation analyses revealed that the left anterior insula mediates the relationship between psychological resilience and depression and the left OFC–right TP FC mediates the relationship between psychological resilience and anxiety.

Conclusions: Findings highlight that the anterior insula and OFC–TP FC could be the critical neural mechanism underlying the interaction between psychological resilience and psychosocial stress. Moreover, higher anterior insula activation and lower OFC–TP FC could be the crucial neural mechanism of individuals with low psychological resilience developing into depression/anxiety when experiencing daily psychosocial stressors.