Pub Date : 2020-06-03DOI: 10.1163/18759866-bja10007
M. Schilthuizen, Wesley van Oostenbrugge, S. Visser, Marrit van der Meer, Richard Delval, C. Dias, Heko Köster, Rudie Maarschall, Norbert Peeters, P. Venema, Ryan Zaremba, Cristina Beltrami, M. Rossato, L. Latella, F. Nieuwenhuis, Nicole de Rop, Iva Njunjić, M. Perreau, J. Koene
Anthropogenic environmental change is leading to changes in distribution for many organisms. While this is frequently discussed for prominent organisms of high conservation value, the same is true for the many cryptic species that rarely figure in debates on the human impact. One such cryptic taxon is the European Ptomaphagus sericatus (Chaudoir, 1845) and related forms. During a citizen science expedition in the Vondelpark, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, we obtained two forms of this species complex. We placed the examination of these specimens in the context of a re-analysis of the species group, and, using DNA barcoding and genital study on material collected thoughout Europe, found that the P. sericatus species complex consists of three distinct, partly sympatric species, one of which was previously undescribed. On the basis of collection data, at least two species, P. medius and P. thebeatles sp. n., show signs of having recently undergone (possibly anthropogenic) range changes, with P. medius even reaching North America. We describe P. thebeatles sp. n.; we raise two subspecies, viz. P. sericatus sericatus (Chaudoir, 1854) and P. sericatus medius (Rey, 1889) to the level of species, and designate a neotype for the former; we identify P. dacicus Jeannel, 1934 and P. pyrenaeus Jeannel, 1934 as junior synonyms of P. sericatus, and P. compressitarsus (Rey, 1889) as a junior synonym of P. subvillosus Goeze, 1777; we identify P. septentrionalis Jeannel, 1934 and P. miser (Rey, 1889) as junior synonyms of P. medius; we designate lectotypes for P. medius and P. miser.
{"title":"Ptomaphagus thebeatles n. sp., a previously unrecognized beetle from Europe, with remarks on urban taxonomy and recent range expansion (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)","authors":"M. Schilthuizen, Wesley van Oostenbrugge, S. Visser, Marrit van der Meer, Richard Delval, C. Dias, Heko Köster, Rudie Maarschall, Norbert Peeters, P. Venema, Ryan Zaremba, Cristina Beltrami, M. Rossato, L. Latella, F. Nieuwenhuis, Nicole de Rop, Iva Njunjić, M. Perreau, J. Koene","doi":"10.1163/18759866-bja10007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-bja10007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Anthropogenic environmental change is leading to changes in distribution for many organisms. While this is frequently discussed for prominent organisms of high conservation value, the same is true for the many cryptic species that rarely figure in debates on the human impact. One such cryptic taxon is the European Ptomaphagus sericatus (Chaudoir, 1845) and related forms. During a citizen science expedition in the Vondelpark, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, we obtained two forms of this species complex. We placed the examination of these specimens in the context of a re-analysis of the species group, and, using DNA barcoding and genital study on material collected thoughout Europe, found that the P. sericatus species complex consists of three distinct, partly sympatric species, one of which was previously undescribed. On the basis of collection data, at least two species, P. medius and P. thebeatles sp. n., show signs of having recently undergone (possibly anthropogenic) range changes, with P. medius even reaching North America. We describe P. thebeatles sp. n.; we raise two subspecies, viz. P. sericatus sericatus (Chaudoir, 1854) and P. sericatus medius (Rey, 1889) to the level of species, and designate a neotype for the former; we identify P. dacicus Jeannel, 1934 and P. pyrenaeus Jeannel, 1934 as junior synonyms of P. sericatus, and P. compressitarsus (Rey, 1889) as a junior synonym of P. subvillosus Goeze, 1777; we identify P. septentrionalis Jeannel, 1934 and P. miser (Rey, 1889) as junior synonyms of P. medius; we designate lectotypes for P. medius and P. miser.","PeriodicalId":55210,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18759866-bja10007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49440190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-02DOI: 10.1163/18759866-bja10003
Paul Kalke, T. Frase, S. Richter
Knowledge about the development of the nervous system in cirripeds is limited, particularly with regard to the changes that take place during the two metamorphoses their larvae undergo. This study delivers the first detailed description of the development of the nervous system in a cirriped species, Amphibalanus improvisus by using immunohistochemical labeling against acetylated alpha-tubulin, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The development of the nervous system in the naupliar stages corresponds largely to that in other crustaceans. As development progresses, the protocerebral sensory organs differentiate and the intersegmental nerves forming the complex peripheral nervous system appear, innervating the sensory structures of the cephalic shield. During metamorphosis into a cypris the lateral sides of the cephalic shield fold down into a bilateral carapace, which leads to a reorganization of the peripheral nervous system. The syncerebrum of the cypris exhibits the highest degree of complexity of all developmental stages, innervating the frontal filaments, nauplius eye, compound eyes and the antennules. During settlement, when the second metamorphosis occur, the closely associated frontal filaments and compound eyes are shed together with the cuticle of the carapace and the antennules. In adults, the syncerebral structures are reduced while the ventral nerve cord and the peripheral nervous system increase in complexity. The peripheral nervous system plays an important role in processing sensory input and also in settlement. In summary, through the larval development we observed a structural and thus also functional increase of complexity in favor of the peripheral nervous system and the ventral nerve cord.
{"title":"From swimming towards sessility in two metamorphoses – the drastic changes in structure and function of the nervous system of the bay barnacle Amphibalanus improvisus (Crustacea, Thecostraca, Cirripedia) during development","authors":"Paul Kalke, T. Frase, S. Richter","doi":"10.1163/18759866-bja10003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-bja10003","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge about the development of the nervous system in cirripeds is limited, particularly with regard to the changes that take place during the two metamorphoses their larvae undergo. This study delivers the first detailed description of the development of the nervous system in a cirriped species, Amphibalanus improvisus by using immunohistochemical labeling against acetylated alpha-tubulin, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The development of the nervous system in the naupliar stages corresponds largely to that in other crustaceans. As development progresses, the protocerebral sensory organs differentiate and the intersegmental nerves forming the complex peripheral nervous system appear, innervating the sensory structures of the cephalic shield. During metamorphosis into a cypris the lateral sides of the cephalic shield fold down into a bilateral carapace, which leads to a reorganization of the peripheral nervous system. The syncerebrum of the cypris exhibits the highest degree of complexity of all developmental stages, innervating the frontal filaments, nauplius eye, compound eyes and the antennules. During settlement, when the second metamorphosis occur, the closely associated frontal filaments and compound eyes are shed together with the cuticle of the carapace and the antennules. In adults, the syncerebral structures are reduced while the ventral nerve cord and the peripheral nervous system increase in complexity. The peripheral nervous system plays an important role in processing sensory input and also in settlement. In summary, through the larval development we observed a structural and thus also functional increase of complexity in favor of the peripheral nervous system and the ventral nerve cord.","PeriodicalId":55210,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18759866-bja10003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45348625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-02DOI: 10.1163/18759866-20191423
I. Karanovic, P. Huyen, H. Yoo, Y. Nakao, Akira Tsukagoshi
Ostracod crustaceans are among the most abundant microfossil animals. Understanding intra- and interspecific variability of their shell is of pivotal importance for the interpretation of paleontological data. In comparison to appendages, ostracod shell displays more intraspecific variability (in shape, size, and ornamentation), often as a response to environmental conditions. Shell variability has been studied with sophisticated methods, such as geometric morphometrics (GM), but the conspecificity of examined specimens and populations was never tested. In addition, there are no GM studies of appendages. We build on previously published high cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) divergence rates among populations of a brackish water species, Ishizakiella miurensis (Hanai, 1957). With landmark-based GM analyses of its shell and appendages, and additional genetic markers (ITS, 28S, 18S), we test if the genetic variability is structured in morphospace. This approach is the core of integrative taxonomy paradigm which has been proposed to bring the gap between traditional taxonomy and other disciplines such as evolutionary biology. The results show that it is the shell shape, and not the shape of appendages, that mirrors the molecular phylogeny, and we describe a new species. Our results suggest that the landmark-based GM studies may be useful in paleontological datasets for closely related species delineation. We implement molecular clock and population statistics to discuss speciation processes and phylogeography of the two congeners in Korea and Japan.
{"title":"Shell and appendages variability in two allopatric ostracod species seen through the light of molecular data","authors":"I. Karanovic, P. Huyen, H. Yoo, Y. Nakao, Akira Tsukagoshi","doi":"10.1163/18759866-20191423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-20191423","url":null,"abstract":"Ostracod crustaceans are among the most abundant microfossil animals. Understanding intra- and interspecific variability of their shell is of pivotal importance for the interpretation of paleontological data. In comparison to appendages, ostracod shell displays more intraspecific variability (in shape, size, and ornamentation), often as a response to environmental conditions. Shell variability has been studied with sophisticated methods, such as geometric morphometrics (GM), but the conspecificity of examined specimens and populations was never tested. In addition, there are no GM studies of appendages. We build on previously published high cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) divergence rates among populations of a brackish water species, Ishizakiella miurensis (Hanai, 1957). With landmark-based GM analyses of its shell and appendages, and additional genetic markers (ITS, 28S, 18S), we test if the genetic variability is structured in morphospace. This approach is the core of integrative taxonomy paradigm which has been proposed to bring the gap between traditional taxonomy and other disciplines such as evolutionary biology. The results show that it is the shell shape, and not the shape of appendages, that mirrors the molecular phylogeny, and we describe a new species. Our results suggest that the landmark-based GM studies may be useful in paleontological datasets for closely related species delineation. We implement molecular clock and population statistics to discuss speciation processes and phylogeography of the two congeners in Korea and Japan.","PeriodicalId":55210,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18759866-20191423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65007885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-02DOI: 10.1163/18759866-BJA10002
Carolin Gut, J. Vukić, R. Šanda, T. Moritz, B. Reichenbacher
Gobies (Gobiidae + Oxudercidae) are among the largest groups of extant marine fishes. Fossils of gobies are abundant since the Miocene, and many species have been reported so far. However, delimitation of fossil goby species is challenging because molecular markers and diagnostic traits such as the disposition of sensory head papillae are lost. This study provides, for the first time, an actualistic framework for the identification of fossil goby species. We focus on characters that can in principle be recognized in fossils, and evaluate their ability to discriminate between extant goby species based on statistical analyses. Using 14 extant species of Gobius and seven species of Pomatoschistus, we conducted otolith morphometry, elliptic Fourier shape analysis of otoliths using the package ‘Momocs’, conventional fish morphometry, and meristic counts. In addition, the otoliths of all species are depicted based on SEM images and briefly described. Otolith Fourier shape analysis proved to be most efficient in discrimination of species within both genera, Gobius and Pomatoschistus. Several characters used in the other approaches also worked well, but the results were variable, and the relative taxonomic significance of particular variables tended to change depending on the species under consideration. We propose otolith shape analysis as a powerful tool to explore ancient goby species diversity when samples with abundant fossil otoliths are present. Overall, the herein presented data will greatly facilitate delimitation of fossil goby species in future studies, and will consequently shed new light on the evolution of goby diversity and biogeography through time.
{"title":"Identification of past and present gobies: distinguishing Gobius and Pomatoschistus (Teleostei: Gobioidei) species using characters of otoliths, meristics and body morphometry","authors":"Carolin Gut, J. Vukić, R. Šanda, T. Moritz, B. Reichenbacher","doi":"10.1163/18759866-BJA10002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-BJA10002","url":null,"abstract":"Gobies (Gobiidae + Oxudercidae) are among the largest groups of extant marine fishes. Fossils of gobies are abundant since the Miocene, and many species have been reported so far. However, delimitation of fossil goby species is challenging because molecular markers and diagnostic traits such as the disposition of sensory head papillae are lost. This study provides, for the first time, an actualistic framework for the identification of fossil goby species. We focus on characters that can in principle be recognized in fossils, and evaluate their ability to discriminate between extant goby species based on statistical analyses. Using 14 extant species of Gobius and seven species of Pomatoschistus, we conducted otolith morphometry, elliptic Fourier shape analysis of otoliths using the package ‘Momocs’, conventional fish morphometry, and meristic counts. In addition, the otoliths of all species are depicted based on SEM images and briefly described. Otolith Fourier shape analysis proved to be most efficient in discrimination of species within both genera, Gobius and Pomatoschistus. Several characters used in the other approaches also worked well, but the results were variable, and the relative taxonomic significance of particular variables tended to change depending on the species under consideration. We propose otolith shape analysis as a powerful tool to explore ancient goby species diversity when samples with abundant fossil otoliths are present. Overall, the herein presented data will greatly facilitate delimitation of fossil goby species in future studies, and will consequently shed new light on the evolution of goby diversity and biogeography through time.","PeriodicalId":55210,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18759866-BJA10002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42322327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-04DOI: 10.1163/18759866-bja10004
J. A. Jurado-Rivera, Francesco Zapelloni, J. Pons, C. Juan, D. Jaume
The Hyalella species diversity in the high-altitude water bodies of the Andean Altiplano is addressed using mitochondrial cox1 sequences and implementing different molecular species delimitation criteria. We have recorded the presence of five major genetic lineages in the Altiplano, of which one seems to be exclusive to Lake Titicaca and nearby areas, whereas the rest occur also in other regions of South America. Eleven out of 36 South American entities diagnosed by molecular delimitation criteria in our study are likely endemic to the Titicaca and neighbouring water bodies. We have detected a remarkable disagreement between morphology and genetic data in the Titicacan Hyalella, with occurrence of several cases of the same morpho-species corresponding to several Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs), some even distantly related, and other instances where a particular MOTU is shared by a morphologically heterogeneous array of species, including species with body smooth and others with body heavily armoured. Species diversification and incongruence between morphological and molecular boundaries within this species assemblage may be associated to the sharp changes in hydrological conditions experienced by the water bodies of the Altiplano in the past, which included dramatic fluctuations in water level and salinity of Lake Titicaca. Such environmental shifts could have triggered rapid morphological changes and ecological differentiation within the Hyalella assemblage, followed by phenotypic convergence among the diverse lineages. Factors such as phenotypic plasticity, incomplete lineage sorting or admixture between divergent lineages might lie also at the root of the morphological-genetic incongruence described herein.
{"title":"Morphological and molecular species boundaries in the Hyalella species flock of Lake Titicaca (Crustacea: Amphipoda)","authors":"J. A. Jurado-Rivera, Francesco Zapelloni, J. Pons, C. Juan, D. Jaume","doi":"10.1163/18759866-bja10004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-bja10004","url":null,"abstract":"The Hyalella species diversity in the high-altitude water bodies of the Andean Altiplano is addressed using mitochondrial cox1 sequences and implementing different molecular species delimitation criteria. We have recorded the presence of five major genetic lineages in the Altiplano, of which one seems to be exclusive to Lake Titicaca and nearby areas, whereas the rest occur also in other regions of South America. Eleven out of 36 South American entities diagnosed by molecular delimitation criteria in our study are likely endemic to the Titicaca and neighbouring water bodies. We have detected a remarkable disagreement between morphology and genetic data in the Titicacan Hyalella, with occurrence of several cases of the same morpho-species corresponding to several Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs), some even distantly related, and other instances where a particular MOTU is shared by a morphologically heterogeneous array of species, including species with body smooth and others with body heavily armoured. Species diversification and incongruence between morphological and molecular boundaries within this species assemblage may be associated to the sharp changes in hydrological conditions experienced by the water bodies of the Altiplano in the past, which included dramatic fluctuations in water level and salinity of Lake Titicaca. Such environmental shifts could have triggered rapid morphological changes and ecological differentiation within the Hyalella assemblage, followed by phenotypic convergence among the diverse lineages. Factors such as phenotypic plasticity, incomplete lineage sorting or admixture between divergent lineages might lie also at the root of the morphological-genetic incongruence described herein.","PeriodicalId":55210,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18759866-bja10004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47240851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-27DOI: 10.1163/18759866-20191421
Yutaro Oku, K. Iwao, B. Hoeksema, Naoko Dewa, H. Tachikawa, T. Koido, H. Fukami
Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses of scleractinian corals have resulted in the discovery of cryptic lineages. To understand species diversity in corals, these lineages need to be taxonomically defined. In the present study, we report the discovery of a distinct lineage obscured by the traditional morphological variation of Fungia fungites. This taxon exists as two distinct morphs: attached and unattached. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS markers as well as morphological comparisons were performed to clarify their phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic positions. Molecular data revealed that F. fungites consists of two genetically distinct clades (A and B). Clade A is sister to a lineage including Danafungia scruposa and Halomitra pileus, while clade B formed an independent lineage genetically distant from these three species. The two morphs were also found to be included in both clades, although the attached morph was predominantly found in clade A. Morphologically, both clades were statistically different in density of septal dentation, septal number, and septal teeth shape. These results indicate that F. fungites as presently recognized is actually a species complex including at least two species. After checking type specimens, we conclude that specimens in clade A represent true F. fungites with two morphs (unattached and attached) and that all of those in clade B represent an unknown species and genus comprising an unattached morph with only one exception. These findings suggest that more unrecognized taxa with hitherto unnoticed morphological differences can be present among scleractinian corals.
{"title":"Fungia fungites (Linnaeus, 1758) (Scleractinia, Fungiidae) is a species complex that conceals large phenotypic variation and a previously unrecognized genus","authors":"Yutaro Oku, K. Iwao, B. Hoeksema, Naoko Dewa, H. Tachikawa, T. Koido, H. Fukami","doi":"10.1163/18759866-20191421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-20191421","url":null,"abstract":"Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses of scleractinian corals have resulted in the discovery of cryptic lineages. To understand species diversity in corals, these lineages need to be taxonomically defined. In the present study, we report the discovery of a distinct lineage obscured by the traditional morphological variation of Fungia fungites. This taxon exists as two distinct morphs: attached and unattached. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS markers as well as morphological comparisons were performed to clarify their phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic positions. Molecular data revealed that F. fungites consists of two genetically distinct clades (A and B). Clade A is sister to a lineage including Danafungia scruposa and Halomitra pileus, while clade B formed an independent lineage genetically distant from these three species. The two morphs were also found to be included in both clades, although the attached morph was predominantly found in clade A. Morphologically, both clades were statistically different in density of septal dentation, septal number, and septal teeth shape. These results indicate that F. fungites as presently recognized is actually a species complex including at least two species. After checking type specimens, we conclude that specimens in clade A represent true F. fungites with two morphs (unattached and attached) and that all of those in clade B represent an unknown species and genus comprising an unattached morph with only one exception. These findings suggest that more unrecognized taxa with hitherto unnoticed morphological differences can be present among scleractinian corals.","PeriodicalId":55210,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18759866-20191421","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49217791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-27DOI: 10.1163/18759866-08902001
{"title":"Erratum","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/18759866-08902001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08902001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55210,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18759866-08902001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45558726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-27DOI: 10.1163/18759866-20191410
X. Mengual
The phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the tribe Bacchini sensu lato (i.e., Syrphinae with simple, unsegmented aedeagus) were inferred using molecular evidence. The mitochondrial protein-coding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear ribosomal 28S and 18S rRNA genes for 54 bacchine taxa were analyzed using Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood. Among the analyzed taxa there is a new species of Melanostoma (Schiner) from Cameroon, Melanostoma janeceki Mengual, sp. nov., which is described in full. This new species has a complete metasternum without excavation, a characteristic that is not present in other species of Melanostoma, usually with an excavated metasternum, but it is the diagnostic character of the genus Afrostoma Skevington, Thompson & Vockeroth. Based on the phylogenetic placement of Melanostoma janeceki Mengual, sp. nov. the taxonomic status of Afrostoma as a genus is discussed and a new generic classification of Bacchini stat. rev. and Melanostomini stat. rev. is presented in the light of the inferred phylogeny. Results did not recover Bacchini sensu lato monophyletic, but into two groups as follows: Melanostoma and related genera, and Baccha, Platycheirus and related genera. Pseudoplatychirus van Doesburg is considered junior synonym of Platycheirus Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville, and Afrostoma Skevington, Thompson & Vockeroth as junior synonym of Melanostoma. Pyrophaena Schiner and Eocheilosia Hull comb. nov. are ranked as valid genera, and consequently, the genus Platycheirus is divided into four subgenera: Platycheirus (Carposcalis) (Enderlein), Platycheirus (Pachysphyria) (Enderlein), Platycheirus (Platycheirus), and Platycheirus (Tuberculanostoma) (Fluke) comb. nov.
利用分子证据推断了Bacchini senso lato部落各属（即Syrphinae与简单的、未分段的aedeagus）之间的系统发育关系。利用贝叶斯推理和最大似然法对54个浆果属的线粒体蛋白编码基因细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I（COI）和核核糖体28S和18S rRNA基因进行了分析。在所分析的分类群中，有一个来自喀麦隆的Melanostomata（Schiner）新种，Melanostometa janeceki Mengual，sp.nov。这一新物种有一个完整的后胸骨，没有挖掘，这一特征在其他黑口虫属中不存在，通常有一个挖掘的后胸骨。但这是Skevington，Thompson&Vockeroth属的诊断特征。根据黑腹蛛属的系统发育位置，讨论了非洲腹蛛属作为一个属的分类地位，并根据推断的系统发育提出了Bacchini stat.rev.和黑腹蛛stat.rev.的新属分类。结果未恢复感观Bacchini的单系，而是分为两组：黑口菌属及相关属，以及Baccha、Platycheirus及相关属。van Doesburg伪鸭嘴兽被认为是Platycheirus Le Peletier和Audinet Serville的初级同义词，而Skevington、Thompson和Vockeroth的Afrostoma被认为是Melanotoma的次级同义词。Pyrophena Schiner和Eocheilosia Hull梳。nov.被列为有效属，因此，Platycheirus属被分为四个亚属：Platychairus（Carposcalis）（Enderlein）、Platychairrus（Pachyphyria）（Endrlein）、platycheirrus（Platycheirrs）和Platycheirres（Tuberculanotoma）（Fluke）梳。十一月
{"title":"Phylogenetic relationships of the bacchine flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) based on molecular characters, with a description of a new species of Melanostoma (Schiner, 1860)","authors":"X. Mengual","doi":"10.1163/18759866-20191410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-20191410","url":null,"abstract":"The phylogenetic relationships among the genera of the tribe Bacchini sensu lato (i.e., Syrphinae with simple, unsegmented aedeagus) were inferred using molecular evidence. The mitochondrial protein-coding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear ribosomal 28S and 18S rRNA genes for 54 bacchine taxa were analyzed using Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood. Among the analyzed taxa there is a new species of Melanostoma (Schiner) from Cameroon, Melanostoma janeceki Mengual, sp. nov., which is described in full. This new species has a complete metasternum without excavation, a characteristic that is not present in other species of Melanostoma, usually with an excavated metasternum, but it is the diagnostic character of the genus Afrostoma Skevington, Thompson & Vockeroth. Based on the phylogenetic placement of Melanostoma janeceki Mengual, sp. nov. the taxonomic status of Afrostoma as a genus is discussed and a new generic classification of Bacchini stat. rev. and Melanostomini stat. rev. is presented in the light of the inferred phylogeny. Results did not recover Bacchini sensu lato monophyletic, but into two groups as follows: Melanostoma and related genera, and Baccha, Platycheirus and related genera. Pseudoplatychirus van Doesburg is considered junior synonym of Platycheirus Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville, and Afrostoma Skevington, Thompson & Vockeroth as junior synonym of Melanostoma. Pyrophaena Schiner and Eocheilosia Hull comb. nov. are ranked as valid genera, and consequently, the genus Platycheirus is divided into four subgenera: Platycheirus (Carposcalis) (Enderlein), Platycheirus (Pachysphyria) (Enderlein), Platycheirus (Platycheirus), and Platycheirus (Tuberculanostoma) (Fluke) comb. nov.\u0000","PeriodicalId":55210,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18759866-20191410","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48936365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-27DOI: 10.1163/18759866-20191422
Gong Lin, L. Xinzheng, Lee Kwen-Shen
Two new species of genus Pheronemoides are described in this study. The Specimens were collected from the South China sea and the Caroline seamount in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Pheronemoides crustiformis sp. nov. differs from its congeners in exhibiting large microamphidiscs, whip-like and slightly bent microuncinates and small spiny microdiactins. Pheronemoides curvipentactin sp. nov. possesses special pentactine atrialia with round terminal or tapering terminal curved pinular rays and crooked pentactins, making it easily distinguishable from its congeners. Partial sequences of the 28S rDNA and 16S rDNA genes were also amplified to confirm the family assignment of the two new species and to explore the systematic status of Pheronemoides.
{"title":"Phylogeny of two new pheronematid sponges from the Caroline Seamount and South China Sea","authors":"Gong Lin, L. Xinzheng, Lee Kwen-Shen","doi":"10.1163/18759866-20191422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-20191422","url":null,"abstract":"Two new species of genus Pheronemoides are described in this study. The Specimens were collected from the South China sea and the Caroline seamount in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Pheronemoides crustiformis sp. nov. differs from its congeners in exhibiting large microamphidiscs, whip-like and slightly bent microuncinates and small spiny microdiactins. Pheronemoides curvipentactin sp. nov. possesses special pentactine atrialia with round terminal or tapering terminal curved pinular rays and crooked pentactins, making it easily distinguishable from its congeners. Partial sequences of the 28S rDNA and 16S rDNA genes were also amplified to confirm the family assignment of the two new species and to explore the systematic status of Pheronemoides.","PeriodicalId":55210,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18759866-20191422","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47288148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-30DOI: 10.1163/18759866-20191405
Javier H. Santos-Santos, Mireia Guinovart-Castán, D. Vieites
Mantellid frogs present an extensive adaptive radiation endemic to Madagascar and Comoros, being the subfamily Mantellinae the most morphologically and ecologically diverse. The Mantellinae present key innovative evolutionary traits linked to their unique reproductive behavior, including the presence of femoral glands and a derived vomeronasal organ. In addition, previous studies pointed to size differentiation in playing an important role in species’ dispersal capacities and shaping of their geographic ranges. Despite the high phenotypic variation observed in this clade, to date an exhaustive morphological analysis of their anatomy has still not been performed, much less in relation to internal structures. Here, we present a comprehensive skeletal description of a mantellid species, Blommersia transmarina, from the island of Mayotte in the Indian Ocean, which has potentially undergone a process of moderate gigantism compared to other Blommersia species. We describe its intraspecific skeletal variation utilizing non-destructive volume renderings from μCT-scans, and characterize the presence of sexual dimorphism and size covariation in skeletal structures. Notably, we found numerous signs of hyperossification, a novel structure for mantellids: the clavicular process, and the presence of several appendicular sesamoids. Our findings suggest that skeletal phenotypic variation in this genus may be linked to biomechanical function for reproduction and locomotion.
{"title":"Descriptive skeletal anatomy of Blommersia transmarina (Amphibia: Anura: Mantellidae) from the Comoro Islands","authors":"Javier H. Santos-Santos, Mireia Guinovart-Castán, D. Vieites","doi":"10.1163/18759866-20191405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-20191405","url":null,"abstract":"Mantellid frogs present an extensive adaptive radiation endemic to Madagascar and Comoros, being the subfamily Mantellinae the most morphologically and ecologically diverse. The Mantellinae present key innovative evolutionary traits linked to their unique reproductive behavior, including the presence of femoral glands and a derived vomeronasal organ. In addition, previous studies pointed to size differentiation in playing an important role in species’ dispersal capacities and shaping of their geographic ranges. Despite the high phenotypic variation observed in this clade, to date an exhaustive morphological analysis of their anatomy has still not been performed, much less in relation to internal structures. Here, we present a comprehensive skeletal description of a mantellid species, Blommersia transmarina, from the island of Mayotte in the Indian Ocean, which has potentially undergone a process of moderate gigantism compared to other Blommersia species. We describe its intraspecific skeletal variation utilizing non-destructive volume renderings from μCT-scans, and characterize the presence of sexual dimorphism and size covariation in skeletal structures. Notably, we found numerous signs of hyperossification, a novel structure for mantellids: the clavicular process, and the presence of several appendicular sesamoids. Our findings suggest that skeletal phenotypic variation in this genus may be linked to biomechanical function for reproduction and locomotion.","PeriodicalId":55210,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18759866-20191405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45864902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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