The density matrix of an arbitrary pure state of a system consisting of two spin-1/2 particles is derived from the Pauli spin angular momentum operators. Mixed singlet and triplet states are then formed from linear combinations of pure states and their corresponding density matrices constructed. Singlet and triplet states are exemplified by the spin isomers parahydrogen and orthohydrogen, respectively. Partial mixing is illustrated with the example of bilinear spin–spin coupling. Various properties of the density matrices of pure and mixed states are discussed, including idempotence, factoring, and spin correlation.
{"title":"Density Matrix of Two Spin-1/2 Particles: Pure and Mixed States","authors":"Eric R. Johnston","doi":"10.1155/2024/9907579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9907579","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>The density matrix of an arbitrary pure state of a system consisting of two spin-1/2 particles is derived from the Pauli spin angular momentum operators. Mixed singlet and triplet states are then formed from linear combinations of pure states and their corresponding density matrices constructed. Singlet and triplet states are exemplified by the spin isomers parahydrogen and orthohydrogen, respectively. Partial mixing is illustrated with the example of bilinear spin–spin coupling. Various properties of the density matrices of pure and mixed states are discussed, including idempotence, factoring, and spin correlation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55216,"journal":{"name":"Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part A","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9907579","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An ESR spin probe technique with non-TEMPO radicals, such as nitronyl nitroxide (NN), benzonitronyl nitroxide (BzNN), and iminonitroxide (IN) radicals, was used for a porous metal-organic framework (MOF), [(ZnI2)3(TPT)2] (ZnTPT; TPT = tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine), at room temperature. The principal values of g and hyperfine coupling (A) tensors estimated from spectral reproduction were different from those for organic matrices for some of these radicals. These results indicate that host-guest interactions occur between the ZnTPT matrix and guest radicals. Thus, when using NN, BzNN, and IN radicals as spin probes for a porous MOF, the interaction between the metal atoms or organic ligands in host materials and guest radicals should be considered. The experimental ESR spectra for the derivatives of NN or BzNN radicals were reproduced only by the rigid-limit component in the ESR time scale. However, those for the derivatives of IN radicals were approximately reproduced only by rotational diffusion around the z-axis perpendicular to the plane in the IN group. Interestingly, this reproduction was not around the y-axis of the principal axes of the g tensors, parallel to the molecular long axis, as previously observed in a few organic matrices. The IN radicals dispersed in the ZnTPT matrix are expected to be accommodated in cylindrical or pseudocylindrical nanospaces sandwiched by the pyridyl or triazine rings of TPT in ZnTPT. These findings show that the ESR spin probe technique using non-TEMPO radicals can be used to investigate the chemical and biological structures of nanosized materials.
在室温下，对多孔金属有机框架（MOF）[(ZnI2)3(TPT)2]（ZnTPT；TPT = 三（4-吡啶基）-1,3,5-三嗪）使用了非 TEMPO 自由基的 ESR 自旋探针技术，如硝化亚硝基（NNN）、硝化苯甲酰基（BzNN）和亚硝基（IN）自由基。对于其中一些自由基，通过光谱再现估算出的 g 和超频耦合 (A) 张量的主值与有机基质的主值不同。这些结果表明，ZnTPT 基质与客体自由基之间存在主客体相互作用。因此，在使用 NNN、BzNN 和 IN 自由基作为多孔 MOF 的自旋探针时，应考虑到宿主材料中的金属原子或有机配体与客体自由基之间的相互作用。NNN 或 BzNN 自由基衍生物的实验 ESR 光谱仅由 ESR 时标中的刚性极限成分再现。然而，IN 自由基衍生物的 ESR 光谱只能通过围绕与 IN 基团平面垂直的 Z 轴的旋转扩散进行近似再现。有趣的是，这种再现并不像以前在一些有机基质中观察到的那样，是围绕与分子长轴平行的 g 张量主轴 y 轴进行的。分散在 ZnTPT 基质中的 IN 自由基预计会被 ZnTPT 中 TPT 的吡啶或三嗪环夹在圆柱形或假圆柱形纳米空间中。这些发现表明，使用非 TEMPO 自由基的 ESR 自旋探针技术可用于研究纳米材料的化学和生物结构。
{"title":"Electron Spin Resonance Spin Probe Technique for Investigating Non-TEMPO Radicals Dispersed in Nanospaces of a Crystalline Zn Complex","authors":"Hirokazu Kobayashi, Kento Akiniwa, Fumiyasu Iwahori, Hidehiko Honda, Masato Yamamoto","doi":"10.1155/2024/1969686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1969686","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>An ESR spin probe technique with non-TEMPO radicals, such as nitronyl nitroxide (NN), benzonitronyl nitroxide (BzNN), and iminonitroxide (IN) radicals, was used for a porous metal-organic framework (MOF), [(ZnI<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(TPT)<sub>2</sub>] (ZnTPT; TPT = tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine), at room temperature. The principal values of <i>g</i> and hyperfine coupling (<i>A</i>) tensors estimated from spectral reproduction were different from those for organic matrices for some of these radicals. These results indicate that host-guest interactions occur between the ZnTPT matrix and guest radicals. Thus, when using NN, BzNN, and IN radicals as spin probes for a porous MOF, the interaction between the metal atoms or organic ligands in host materials and guest radicals should be considered. The experimental ESR spectra for the derivatives of NN or BzNN radicals were reproduced only by the rigid-limit component in the ESR time scale. However, those for the derivatives of IN radicals were approximately reproduced only by rotational diffusion around the <i>z</i>-axis perpendicular to the plane in the IN group. Interestingly, this reproduction was not around the <i>y</i>-axis of the principal axes of the <i>g</i> tensors, parallel to the molecular long axis, as previously observed in a few organic matrices. The IN radicals dispersed in the ZnTPT matrix are expected to be accommodated in cylindrical or pseudocylindrical nanospaces sandwiched by the pyridyl or triazine rings of TPT in ZnTPT. These findings show that the ESR spin probe technique using non-TEMPO radicals can be used to investigate the chemical and biological structures of nanosized materials.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55216,"journal":{"name":"Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part A","volume":"2024 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/1969686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solid-state deuterium NMR is well suited to the study of the conformational dynamics of DNA. Deuterium quadrupole echo spectra for a particular motional model can be calculated and matched to the experimental spectrum to extract information on the DNA dynamics; however, doing so can be very time-intensive. The two-axis motion used to model the dynamics of either 2″ or 5′/5″ furanose ring deuteron is particularly complex with up to ten independent variables that can be optimized. Here, we present a program which automates both the input script generation and searches the parameter space for the best fit using a simulated annealing algorithm. The parameter, , provides a relative measure of goodness of fit. This method reduces the overall time to determine the best fit of a line shape to a few days, in most cases, when running on a low-power desktop PC. The automated fitting program presented here can be easily modified to generate input scripts for new models, incorporate a weighting factor to the calculation to emphasize key line shape features, or fit nonsymmetrized data. This adaptable program will make simulation of solid-state deuterium spectra accessible to a broader audience.
固体氘核磁共振非常适合于DNA构象动力学的研究。计算特定运动模型的氘四极回波谱，并与实验谱相匹配，提取DNA动力学信息;然而，这样做可能非常耗时。用于模拟2″或5 ' /5″呋喃糖环氘核动力学的两轴运动特别复杂，有多达十个可以优化的独立变量。在这里，我们提出了一个程序，它可以自动生成输入脚本，并使用模拟退火算法搜索参数空间以获得最佳拟合。参数χ red 2提供了拟合优度的相对度量。在大多数情况下，当在低功耗台式PC上运行时，这种方法将确定最佳线条形状的总体时间缩短到几天。这里介绍的自动拟合程序可以很容易地修改，以生成新模型的输入脚本，将加权因子纳入χ red 2计算以强调关键的线条形状特征，或拟合非对称数据。这个适应性强的程序将使更广泛的受众可以模拟固态氘谱。
{"title":"Simulated Annealing Method for the Automated Simulation of DNA Dynamics in the HhaI Protein Binding Site","authors":"Kari Pederson, Michael Groves, Gary P. Drobny","doi":"10.1155/2023/6235105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6235105","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state deuterium NMR is well suited to the study of the conformational dynamics of DNA. Deuterium quadrupole echo spectra for a particular motional model can be calculated and matched to the experimental spectrum to extract information on the DNA dynamics; however, doing so can be very time-intensive. The two-axis motion used to model the dynamics of either 2″ or 5′/5″ furanose ring deuteron is particularly complex with up to ten independent variables that can be optimized. Here, we present a program which automates both the input script generation and searches the parameter space for the best fit using a simulated annealing algorithm. The parameter, <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\"> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi>χ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mtext>red</mtext> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </math> , provides a relative measure of goodness of fit. This method reduces the overall time to determine the best fit of a line shape to a few days, in most cases, when running on a low-power desktop PC. The automated fitting program presented here can be easily modified to generate input scripts for new models, incorporate a weighting factor to the <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M2\"> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi>χ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mtext>red</mtext> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </math> calculation to emphasize key line shape features, or fit nonsymmetrized data. This adaptable program will make simulation of solid-state deuterium spectra accessible to a broader audience.","PeriodicalId":55216,"journal":{"name":"Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part A","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134975777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tong Shen, Ran Wang, Xin Zhao, Lin Wang, Ying Li, Ting Liu
This study was aimed to investigate the application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning examination in the preoperative treatment of functional glioma and to analyze the application effect of nursing intervention in the operating room in the treatment of fiber surgery. In this study, 80 patients with functional glioma were included as research objects and randomly rolled into the control group (routine nursing) and the experimental group (comfort nursing intervention in the operating room), with 40 cases in each group. All patients underwent craniocerebral MRI plain scan plus enhanced scan before surgery. The levels of the heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, interleukin-6 (IL-6), cortisol, and anxiety before and after the intervention in the two groups were compared when patients entered the operating room (T1), when anesthesia took effect (T2), at the end of surgery (T3), when patients regained consciousness after surgery (T4), and 1 day after surgery (T5). MRI showed that the main glioma sites were located in the basal ganglia region (26.25%), followed by the central region (20.00%) and the Broca region (17.5%). The levels of IL-6 at T2, T3, and T4 in the control group were 186.45 ± 64.55 ng/L, 287.68 ± 34.59 ng/L, and 488.69 ± 81.14 ng/L, respectively, which were inferior to those at T2 (167.44 ± 15.59 ng/L), T3 (186.25 ± 52.64 ng/L), and T4 (356.57 ± 48.22 ng/L) in the test group. The SAS score of the test group after intervention (45.38 ± 2.02) was lower than that of the control group (51.03 ± 3.65) ( ). The levels of cortisol in the test group (T2 (8.89 1.23 ng/L), T3 (9.23 1.25 ng/L), and T4 (11.78 1.27 ng/L) were lower than those in the control group (T2 (11.58 ± 2.48 ng/L), T3 (12.06 ± 2.82 ng/L), and T4 (13.04 ± 11.78)). In short, preoperative MRI scanning was beneficial to detect the location of glioma in functional area. Comfort nursing in the operating room can effectively relieve the anxiety and depression of glioma patients and improve the adverse psychological conditions of the patients.
{"title":"Comfortable Nursing in the Intraoperative MRI Evaluation Combined with Microsurgery in the Treatment of Functional Area Glioma","authors":"Tong Shen, Ran Wang, Xin Zhao, Lin Wang, Ying Li, Ting Liu","doi":"10.1155/2023/6059871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6059871","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to investigate the application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning examination in the preoperative treatment of functional glioma and to analyze the application effect of nursing intervention in the operating room in the treatment of fiber surgery. In this study, 80 patients with functional glioma were included as research objects and randomly rolled into the control group (routine nursing) and the experimental group (comfort nursing intervention in the operating room), with 40 cases in each group. All patients underwent craniocerebral MRI plain scan plus enhanced scan before surgery. The levels of the heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, interleukin-6 (IL-6), cortisol, and anxiety before and after the intervention in the two groups were compared when patients entered the operating room (T1), when anesthesia took effect (T2), at the end of surgery (T3), when patients regained consciousness after surgery (T4), and 1 day after surgery (T5). MRI showed that the main glioma sites were located in the basal ganglia region (26.25%), followed by the central region (20.00%) and the Broca region (17.5%). The levels of IL-6 at T2, T3, and T4 in the control group were 186.45 ± 64.55 ng/L, 287.68 ± 34.59 ng/L, and 488.69 ± 81.14 ng/L, respectively, which were inferior to those at T2 (167.44 ± 15.59 ng/L), T3 (186.25 ± 52.64 ng/L), and T4 (356.57 ± 48.22 ng/L) in the test group. The SAS score of the test group after intervention (45.38 ± 2.02) was lower than that of the control group (51.03 ± 3.65) ( <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\"> <mi>P</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </math> ). The levels of cortisol in the test group (T2 (8.89 1.23 ng/L), T3 (9.23 1.25 ng/L), and T4 (11.78 1.27 ng/L) were lower than those in the control group (T2 (11.58 ± 2.48 ng/L), T3 (12.06 ± 2.82 ng/L), and T4 (13.04 ± 11.78)). In short, preoperative MRI scanning was beneficial to detect the location of glioma in functional area. Comfort nursing in the operating room can effectively relieve the anxiety and depression of glioma patients and improve the adverse psychological conditions of the patients.","PeriodicalId":55216,"journal":{"name":"Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part A","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135693066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the effects of early nursing intervention on brain injury among premature infants, 100 premature infants diagnosed with brain injury were included in the research and randomly divided into the control group (50 cases) and the experimental group (50 cases). The patients in the two groups were performed with the same conventional comprehensive treatment. The patients in the control group received conventional nursing while those in the experimental group underwent early nursing intervention. During follow-up, neurodevelopment, motor behavior, the incidence rate of brain injury, and nursing satisfaction of the infants in the two groups were compared. It was demonstrated that the five neurodevelopment scores of the experimental group were all higher than those of the control group. The differences showed statistical significance ( P < 0.05 ). The total effective rate of motor development of the experimental group reached 94%, while that of the control group amounted to 80%. Obviously, the total effective rate of motor development of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). The nursing satisfaction of the experimental group reached 98%, which was apparently higher than that of the control group (74%). The difference suggested statistical significance ( P < 0.05 ). The rates of brain injury at 1 and 2 years after the birth of the experimental group were 6% and 2%, respectively. The rates of brain injury at 1 and 2 years after the birth of the control group amounted to 18% and 14%, respectively. The rates of brain injury at 1 and 2 years after the birth of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group. The difference revealed statistical significance ( P < 0.05 ). Hence, the early nursing intervention of premature infants with brain injury could promote brain development, improve neurological function, reduce the incidence of brain injury, and achieve an ideal nursing effect.
{"title":"Effect of Early Nursing Intervention under Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography and Magnetic Resonance Images on Brain Injury in Premature Infants","authors":"Aiyan Liu, Huan Zhang, W. Guo","doi":"10.1155/2023/5800106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5800106","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effects of early nursing intervention on brain injury among premature infants, 100 premature infants diagnosed with brain injury were included in the research and randomly divided into the control group (50 cases) and the experimental group (50 cases). The patients in the two groups were performed with the same conventional comprehensive treatment. The patients in the control group received conventional nursing while those in the experimental group underwent early nursing intervention. During follow-up, neurodevelopment, motor behavior, the incidence rate of brain injury, and nursing satisfaction of the infants in the two groups were compared. It was demonstrated that the five neurodevelopment scores of the experimental group were all higher than those of the control group. The differences showed statistical significance (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ). The total effective rate of motor development of the experimental group reached 94%, while that of the control group amounted to 80%. Obviously, the total effective rate of motor development of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ). The nursing satisfaction of the experimental group reached 98%, which was apparently higher than that of the control group (74%). The difference suggested statistical significance (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ). The rates of brain injury at 1 and 2 years after the birth of the experimental group were 6% and 2%, respectively. The rates of brain injury at 1 and 2 years after the birth of the control group amounted to 18% and 14%, respectively. The rates of brain injury at 1 and 2 years after the birth of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group. The difference revealed statistical significance (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ). Hence, the early nursing intervention of premature infants with brain injury could promote brain development, improve neurological function, reduce the incidence of brain injury, and achieve an ideal nursing effect.","PeriodicalId":55216,"journal":{"name":"Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part A","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74075698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suchit Kumar, Kyu Chan Lee, Jong-Min Kim, J. Seo, Chulhyun Lee, Chang-Hyun Oh
Radiofrequency (RF) transmit field (B1) mapping is a promising method in mitigating the B1 inhomogeneity in various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. Although several phase- or magnitude-based B1 mapping methods have been proposed, these methods often require complex modeling, long acquisition time, or specialized MRI sequences. A recently introduced simultaneous echo refocusing (SER) technique can be applied in the B1 mapping method to extend the three-dimensional (3D) spatial coverage only without long data acquisition. Therefore, in this study, a multislice B1 mapping method using composite spin echo sequences and SER techniques is proposed to obtain more accurate B1 mapping with short data acquisition time. To evaluate the performance of the proposed B1 mapping method, computational simulations were performed and compared with Morrell’s method, double angle method, and Yarnykh’s method. These results showed that the angle-to-noise ratio of the proposed B1 mapping method has wider B1 range compared to that of other B1 mapping methods. In addition, the proposed B1 mapping methods were compared to the multislice iterative signal intensity mapping method in both phantom and in vivo human experiments, and there was no remarkable difference between the two methods regarding the flip angle distribution in these experiments. Based on these results, this study demonstrated that the proposed B1 mapping method is suitable for accurately measuring B1 propagation under the condition providing reduced scan time and wider 3D coverage of B1 mapping by applying composite RF pulse and SER techniques into the phase-sensitive method.
{"title":"Multislice B1 Mapping Method Using Magnetic Resonance Composite Spin Echo Sequences and Simultaneous Echo Refocusing","authors":"Suchit Kumar, Kyu Chan Lee, Jong-Min Kim, J. Seo, Chulhyun Lee, Chang-Hyun Oh","doi":"10.1155/2023/7642095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7642095","url":null,"abstract":"Radiofrequency (RF) transmit field (B1) mapping is a promising method in mitigating the B1 inhomogeneity in various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. Although several phase- or magnitude-based B1 mapping methods have been proposed, these methods often require complex modeling, long acquisition time, or specialized MRI sequences. A recently introduced simultaneous echo refocusing (SER) technique can be applied in the B1 mapping method to extend the three-dimensional (3D) spatial coverage only without long data acquisition. Therefore, in this study, a multislice B1 mapping method using composite spin echo sequences and SER techniques is proposed to obtain more accurate B1 mapping with short data acquisition time. To evaluate the performance of the proposed B1 mapping method, computational simulations were performed and compared with Morrell’s method, double angle method, and Yarnykh’s method. These results showed that the angle-to-noise ratio of the proposed B1 mapping method has wider B1 range compared to that of other B1 mapping methods. In addition, the proposed B1 mapping methods were compared to the multislice iterative signal intensity mapping method in both phantom and in vivo human experiments, and there was no remarkable difference between the two methods regarding the flip angle distribution in these experiments. Based on these results, this study demonstrated that the proposed B1 mapping method is suitable for accurately measuring B1 propagation under the condition providing reduced scan time and wider 3D coverage of B1 mapping by applying composite RF pulse and SER techniques into the phase-sensitive method.","PeriodicalId":55216,"journal":{"name":"Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part A","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90745251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venkata Satya Surya Phaneendra Pydimarri, T. R. Field
The dynamics of an identical pair of entangled spin-1/2 particles, both subjected to the same random magnetic field, are studied. The dynamics of the pure joint state of the pair are derived using stochastic calculus. An ensemble of such pure states is combined using the modified spin joint density matrix, and the joint relaxation time for the pair of spin-1/2 particles is obtained. The dynamics can be interpreted as a special kind of correlation involving the spatial components of the Bloch polarization vectors of the constituent entangled spin-1/2 particles.
{"title":"Dynamics of Pair of Entangled Spin-1/2 Particles and Quantification of the Dynamics in terms of Correlations","authors":"Venkata Satya Surya Phaneendra Pydimarri, T. R. Field","doi":"10.1155/2023/4182623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4182623","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamics of an identical pair of entangled spin-1/2 particles, both subjected to the same random magnetic field, are studied. The dynamics of the pure joint state of the pair are derived using stochastic calculus. An ensemble of such pure states is combined using the modified spin joint density matrix, and the joint relaxation time for the pair of spin-1/2 particles is obtained. The dynamics can be interpreted as a special kind of correlation involving the spatial components of the Bloch polarization vectors of the constituent entangled spin-1/2 particles.","PeriodicalId":55216,"journal":{"name":"Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part A","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89370485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kai Yang, Xianxiang Zeng, Li Hu, Jinhong Chen, Weiwei Zhu, Yu Wang, Xiaoxiong Zhao
This research was aimed to investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of brain structure and neuroendocrine levels in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. 25 hospitalized patients with first-episode schizophrenia were selected as the observation group, while 25 healthy people were selected as the control group. All the objects underwent MRI examination, and the images as well as gray matter density of the original image data were analyzed under voxel-based morphometry (VBM). The cortisol and prolactin in the observation group were detected, and the levels were compared. The Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to analyze the correlation between cortisol and prolactin levels and the total score of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The results showed that the gray matter volume of the precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, superior parietal lobule, and anterior cingulate cortex of the observation group decreased, while the volume of cerebellar gray matter increased. The levels of cortisol and prolactin in the observation group (387.54 ± 117.69 μg/L and 804.16 ± 267.13 μIU/mL, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (138.46 ± 62.47 μg/L and 397.54 ± 203.82 μIU/mL, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). The results of the Pearson correlation test showed that the higher the cortisol level, the more severe the schizophrenia (r = 0.421 and P = 0.013 ), while the prolactin level was not directly related to the severity of schizophrenia (r = 0.019 and P = 0.568 ). In conclusion, the MRI features based on the VBM technology can accurately assess the changes of gray matter; the levels of cortisol and prolactin in patients with first-episode schizophrenia were significantly higher than those in healthy people; and the higher the cortisol level, the more severe the schizophrenia symptoms. This study provided a certain research basis for MRI features of brain structure and neuroendocrine changes in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.
本研究旨在探讨首发精神分裂症患者脑结构和神经内分泌水平的磁共振成像(MRI)特征。选取住院首发精神分裂症患者25例作为观察组，选取健康人群25例作为对照组。所有对象均行MRI检查，在基于体素的形态测量(voxel-based morphometry, VBM)下对图像及原始图像数据的灰质密度进行分析。观察组患者检测皮质醇、催乳素水平，并进行比较。采用Pearson相关分析分析皮质醇、催乳素水平与PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale)总分的相关性。结果显示，观察组大鼠中央前回、额上回、额中回、额下回、中央后回、顶叶下小叶、顶叶上小叶、前扣带皮层灰质体积减小，小脑灰质体积增大。观察组患者皮质醇、催乳素水平(分别为387.54±117.69 μIU/ L、804.16±267.13 μIU/mL)显著高于对照组(分别为138.46±62.47 μIU/ L、397.54±203.82 μIU/mL)，差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。Pearson相关检验结果显示，皮质醇水平越高，精神分裂症越严重(r = 0.421, P = 0.013)，而催乳素水平与精神分裂症的严重程度无直接关系(r = 0.019, P = 0.568)。综上所述，基于VBM技术的MRI特征可以准确评估灰质的变化;首发精神分裂症患者皮质醇和催乳素水平显著高于健康人群;皮质醇水平越高，精神分裂症症状越严重。本研究为首发精神分裂症患者脑结构及神经内分泌变化的MRI特征提供了一定的研究依据。
{"title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Brain Structure and Neuroendocrine Changes in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia","authors":"Kai Yang, Xianxiang Zeng, Li Hu, Jinhong Chen, Weiwei Zhu, Yu Wang, Xiaoxiong Zhao","doi":"10.1155/2023/8953242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8953242","url":null,"abstract":"This research was aimed to investigate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of brain structure and neuroendocrine levels in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. 25 hospitalized patients with first-episode schizophrenia were selected as the observation group, while 25 healthy people were selected as the control group. All the objects underwent MRI examination, and the images as well as gray matter density of the original image data were analyzed under voxel-based morphometry (VBM). The cortisol and prolactin in the observation group were detected, and the levels were compared. The Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to analyze the correlation between cortisol and prolactin levels and the total score of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The results showed that the gray matter volume of the precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, superior parietal lobule, and anterior cingulate cortex of the observation group decreased, while the volume of cerebellar gray matter increased. The levels of cortisol and prolactin in the observation group (387.54 ± 117.69 μg/L and 804.16 ± 267.13 μIU/mL, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the control group (138.46 ± 62.47 μg/L and 397.54 ± 203.82 μIU/mL, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ). The results of the Pearson correlation test showed that the higher the cortisol level, the more severe the schizophrenia (r = 0.421 and \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 =\u0000 0.013\u0000 \u0000 ), while the prolactin level was not directly related to the severity of schizophrenia (r = 0.019 and \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 =\u0000 0.568\u0000 \u0000 ). In conclusion, the MRI features based on the VBM technology can accurately assess the changes of gray matter; the levels of cortisol and prolactin in patients with first-episode schizophrenia were significantly higher than those in healthy people; and the higher the cortisol level, the more severe the schizophrenia symptoms. This study provided a certain research basis for MRI features of brain structure and neuroendocrine changes in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":55216,"journal":{"name":"Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part A","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81486252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To explore the functional changes in the whole brain network in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) at the acute stage from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) imaging evaluation results, 80 patients with sudden right SHL were selected as subjects (patient group). In addition, 40 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in the hospital during the same period were recruited as a control group. fMRI imaging was performed to analyze functional parameters and core nodes of the whole brain network. It was found that at all thresholds, the fMRI parameters Cp and Lp of the patient group were dramatically superior to those of the control group. The fMRI parameter Eglobal of the patient group was substantially lower than that of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). At most of the thresholds, the fMRI parameter λ in patients was dramatically superior to that in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). There were ten specific network core nodes in patients, including the right parahippocampal gyrus, right supra-occipital gyrus, left suboccipital gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, right parietal lobule, right subparietal lobule, right superior temporal gyrus, left superior marginal gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus. In summary, the whole brains of patients with sudden SHL still had small-world attributes, but some characteristics of the brain network had changed, and there was a trend of transformation to a regular network. The connection between the auditory brain area and the functional areas related to language and vision was weakened, and the distribution of core nodes changed. This study provides a reference basis for exploring the changes in local brain and connectome levels in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss in the acute phase based on resting-state fMRI.
{"title":"Analysis of Changes in Brain Region and Connectomics in the Acute Stage of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in the Resting State via Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging","authors":"Zhonghua Li","doi":"10.1155/2023/7007209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7007209","url":null,"abstract":"To explore the functional changes in the whole brain network in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) at the acute stage from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) imaging evaluation results, 80 patients with sudden right SHL were selected as subjects (patient group). In addition, 40 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in the hospital during the same period were recruited as a control group. fMRI imaging was performed to analyze functional parameters and core nodes of the whole brain network. It was found that at all thresholds, the fMRI parameters Cp and Lp of the patient group were dramatically superior to those of the control group. The fMRI parameter Eglobal of the patient group was substantially lower than that of the control group (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ). At most of the thresholds, the fMRI parameter λ in patients was dramatically superior to that in the control group (\u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 ). There were ten specific network core nodes in patients, including the right parahippocampal gyrus, right supra-occipital gyrus, left suboccipital gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, right parietal lobule, right subparietal lobule, right superior temporal gyrus, left superior marginal gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus. In summary, the whole brains of patients with sudden SHL still had small-world attributes, but some characteristics of the brain network had changed, and there was a trend of transformation to a regular network. The connection between the auditory brain area and the functional areas related to language and vision was weakened, and the distribution of core nodes changed. This study provides a reference basis for exploring the changes in local brain and connectome levels in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss in the acute phase based on resting-state fMRI.","PeriodicalId":55216,"journal":{"name":"Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part A","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72610929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The MR diffusion-weighted imaging technique was used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CalliSpheres drug-loaded microspheres for transarterial chemoembolization in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer. 35 patients with advanced bladder cancer were treated with CalliSpheres DLMS for transarterial chemoembolization. Imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-weighted imaging were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect. The changes in serum tumor markers, immune function indexes, and oxidative stress indexes in patients before and after treatment were compared, and the quality of life of patients and the incidence of adverse reactions during follow-up were also evaluated. The results showed that the overall response rate (ORR) was 74.29% and that the disease control rate (DCR) was 97.14%. Compared with that before treatment, the ADC value of the tumor in patients with advanced bladder cancer detected by MR diffusion-weighted imaging technology was significantly increased after treatment and the maximum tumor diameter was significantly decreased P < 0.05 . Compared with those before treatment, the levels of serum tumor markers (CA199, CA724, and CA125) in advanced bladder cancer patients after treatment decreased P < 0.05 . The levels of T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ and CD4+) decreased, and CD8+ levels increased P < 0.05 . The levels of superoxide dismutase decreased P > 0.05 . At the same time, the subscale evaluation of function, symptoms, quality of life, adverse reactions, and economics of patients with advanced bladder cancer on the QLQ-C30 scale improved after treatment, and the incidence rate and recurrence rate during the follow-up period were 8.57% and 11.43%, respectively. It showed that CalliSpheres DLMS had a good clinical effect and high safety in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer and was a safe and feasible treatment method. The use of MR diffusion-weighted imaging technology could achieve quantitative evaluation of clinical efficacy of advanced bladder cancer.
{"title":"Magnetic Resonance Diffusion-Weighted Imaging to Evaluate the Clinical Efficacy of CalliSpheres Drug-Loaded Microspheres in the Treatment of Advanced Bladder Cancer","authors":"Xi Yang, Wei Chen","doi":"10.1155/2023/2996498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2996498","url":null,"abstract":"The MR diffusion-weighted imaging technique was used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CalliSpheres drug-loaded microspheres for transarterial chemoembolization in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer. 35 patients with advanced bladder cancer were treated with CalliSpheres DLMS for transarterial chemoembolization. Imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-weighted imaging were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect. The changes in serum tumor markers, immune function indexes, and oxidative stress indexes in patients before and after treatment were compared, and the quality of life of patients and the incidence of adverse reactions during follow-up were also evaluated. The results showed that the overall response rate (ORR) was 74.29% and that the disease control rate (DCR) was 97.14%. Compared with that before treatment, the ADC value of the tumor in patients with advanced bladder cancer detected by MR diffusion-weighted imaging technology was significantly increased after treatment and the maximum tumor diameter was significantly decreased \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 . Compared with those before treatment, the levels of serum tumor markers (CA199, CA724, and CA125) in advanced bladder cancer patients after treatment decreased \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 . The levels of T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+ and CD4+) decreased, and CD8+ levels increased \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 <\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 . The levels of superoxide dismutase decreased \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 P\u0000 >\u0000 0.05\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 . At the same time, the subscale evaluation of function, symptoms, quality of life, adverse reactions, and economics of patients with advanced bladder cancer on the QLQ-C30 scale improved after treatment, and the incidence rate and recurrence rate during the follow-up period were 8.57% and 11.43%, respectively. It showed that CalliSpheres DLMS had a good clinical effect and high safety in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer and was a safe and feasible treatment method. The use of MR diffusion-weighted imaging technology could achieve quantitative evaluation of clinical efficacy of advanced bladder cancer.","PeriodicalId":55216,"journal":{"name":"Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part A","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73213912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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