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Approach for multi-valued integer programming in multi-material topology optimization: Random discrete steepest descent (RDSD) algorithm 多材料拓扑优化中的多值整数编程方法:随机离散最陡降法(RDSD)算法
IF 6.9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cma.2024.117449
Zeyu Deng, Zhenzeng Lei, Gengdong Cheng, Yuan Liang
The present study models the multi-material topology optimization problems as the multi-valued integer programming (MVIP) or named as combinatorial optimization. By extending classical convex analysis and convex programming to discrete point-set functions, the discrete convex analysis and discrete steepest descent (DSD) algorithm are introduced. To overcome combinatorial complexity of the DSD algorithm, we employ the sequential approximate integer programming (SAIP) to explicitly and linearly approximate the implicit objective and constraint functions. Considering the multiple potential changed directions for multi-valued design variables, the random discrete steepest descent (RDSD) algorithm is proposed, where a random strategy is implemented to select a definitive direction of change. To analytically calculate multi-material discrete variable sensitivities, topological derivatives with material contrast is applied. In all, the MVIP is finally transferred as the linear 0–1 programming that can be efficiently solved by the canonical relaxation algorithm (CRA). Explicit nonlinear examples demonstrate that the RDSD algorithm owns nearly three orders of magnitude improvement compared with the commercial software (GUROBI). The proposed approach, without using any continuous variable relaxation and interpolation penalization schemes, successfully solves the minimum compliance problem, strength-related problem, and frequency-related optimization problems. Given the algorithm efficiency, mathematical generality and merits over other algorithms, the proposed RDSD algorithm is meaningful for other structural and topology optimization problems involving multi-valued discrete design variables.
本研究将多材料拓扑优化问题建模为多值整数编程(MVIP),或称为组合优化。通过将经典的凸分析和凸编程扩展到离散点集函数,引入了离散凸分析和离散最陡降法(DSD)算法。为了克服 DSD 算法的组合复杂性,我们采用了顺序近似整数编程(SAIP)来显式线性近似隐式目标函数和约束函数。考虑到多值设计变量的多个潜在变化方向,我们提出了随机离散最陡降法(RDSD)算法,通过随机策略来选择确定的变化方向。为了分析计算多材料离散变量的敏感性,应用了具有材料对比度的拓扑导数。总之,MVIP 最终被转换为线性 0-1 程序,可通过典型松弛算法 (CRA) 高效求解。显式非线性实例表明,与商业软件(GUROBI)相比,RDSD 算法拥有近三个数量级的改进。在不使用任何连续变量松弛和插值惩罚方案的情况下,所提出的方法成功地解决了最小顺应性问题、强度相关问题和频率相关优化问题。考虑到算法的效率、数学通用性以及与其他算法相比的优点,所提出的 RDSD 算法对其他涉及多值离散设计变量的结构和拓扑优化问题很有意义。
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引用次数: 0
Deep learning-driven domain decomposition (DLD3): A generalizable AI-driven framework for structural analysis 深度学习驱动的领域分解(DLD3):结构分析的通用人工智能驱动框架
IF 6.9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cma.2024.117446
Balavignesh Vemparala , Ming Yang , Soheil Soghrati
A novel, generalizable Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven technique, termed Deep Learning-Driven Domain Decomposition (DLD3), is introduced for simulating two-dimensional linear elasticity problems with arbitrary geometries and boundary conditions (BCs). The DLD3 framework leverages trained AI models to predict the displacement field within small subdomains, each characterized by varying geometries and BCs. To enforce continuity across the entire domain, the overlapping Schwarz domain decomposition method (DDM) iteratively updates the BCs of each subdomain, thus approximating the overall solution. After evaluating multiple model architectures, the Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) was selected as the AI engine for the DLD3 method, owing to its data efficiency and high accuracy. We also present a framework that utilizes geometry reconstruction and automated meshing algorithms to generate millions of training data points from high-fidelity finite element (FE) simulations. Several case studies are provided to demonstrate the DLD3 algorithm’s ability to accurately predict displacement fields in problems involving complex geometries, diverse BCs, and material properties.
本文介绍了一种新颖的、可推广的人工智能(AI)驱动技术,称为深度学习驱动的领域分解(DLD3),用于模拟具有任意几何形状和边界条件(BC)的二维线性弹性问题。DLD3 框架利用训练有素的人工智能模型来预测小型子域内的位移场,每个子域的几何形状和边界条件各不相同。为了确保整个域的连续性,重叠施瓦茨域分解法(DDM)会迭代更新每个子域的边界条件,从而逼近整体解决方案。在对多种模型架构进行评估后,我们选择了傅立叶神经运算器(FNO)作为 DLD3 方法的人工智能引擎,因为它具有数据效率高、精度高的特点。我们还介绍了一个框架,该框架利用几何重构和自动网格划分算法,从高保真有限元(FE)模拟中生成数百万个训练数据点。我们提供了几个案例研究,以证明 DLD3 算法在涉及复杂几何形状、不同 BC 和材料属性的问题中准确预测位移场的能力。
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引用次数: 0
DiffMat: Data-driven inverse design of energy-absorbing metamaterials using diffusion model DiffMat:利用扩散模型进行数据驱动的吸能超材料反设计
IF 6.9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cma.2024.117440
Haoyu Wang , Zongliang Du , Fuyong Feng , Zhong Kang , Shan Tang , Xu Guo
Energy-absorbing materials and structures are widely applied in industrial areas. Presently, design methods of energy-absorbing metamaterials mainly rely on empirical or bio-inspired configurations. Inspired by AI-generated content, this paper proposes a novel inverse design framework for energy-absorbing metamaterial using diffusion model called DiffMat, which can be customized to generate microstructures given desired stress–strain curves. DiffMat learns the conditional distribution of microstructure given mechanical properties and can realize the one-to-many mapping from properties to geometries. Numerical simulations and experimental validations demonstrate the capability of DiffMat to generate a diverse array of microstructures based on given mechanical properties. This indicates the validity and high accuracy of DiffMat in generating metamaterials that meet the desired mechanical properties. The successful demonstration of the proposed inverse design framework highlights its potential to revolutionize the development of energy-absorbing metamaterials and underscores the broader impact of integrating AI-inspired methodologies into metamaterial design and engineering.
吸能材料和结构被广泛应用于工业领域。目前,吸能超材料的设计方法主要依靠经验或生物启发配置。受人工智能生成内容的启发,本文提出了一种新颖的吸能超材料反向设计框架,该框架采用名为 DiffMat 的扩散模型,可根据所需的应力应变曲线定制生成微结构。DiffMat 可根据机械特性学习微结构的条件分布,并实现从特性到几何形状的一对多映射。数值模拟和实验验证证明,DiffMat 能够根据给定的机械性能生成各种微观结构。这表明 DiffMat 在生成符合所需机械特性的超材料方面具有很高的有效性和准确性。所提出的反向设计框架的成功演示突出了其彻底改变吸能超材料开发的潜力,并强调了将人工智能启发方法整合到超材料设计和工程中的广泛影响。
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引用次数: 0
A new exploration of mesoscopic structure in the nonlocal macro-meso-scale consistent damage model for quasi-brittle materials 准脆性材料非局部宏观-介观尺度一致损伤模型的介观结构新探索
IF 6.9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cma.2024.117456
Jianbing Chen, Jiankang Xie, Guangda Lu
In the present study, a new exploration of the mesoscopic structure is proposed for the nonlocal macro‑meso-scale consistent damage (NMMD) model, and the definition from mesoscopic damage to macroscopic damage in the original NMMD model is expanded. In the proposed model, material points are divided into two types: macroscopic and mesoscopic. For each macroscopic material point, there are mesoscopic material points within its influence domain, and every two different mesoscopic material points form a material point pair. The macroscopic damage at a macroscopic material point is also evaluated as the weighted average of mesoscale damage over material point pairs in the influence domain. However, compared with the original NMMD model, the mesoscale damage of material point pairs is determined by the motion of mesoscopic material points, rather than macroscopic material points. The macroscopic material points in the proposed model only represent the nonlocal effect and the macroscopic damage. Moreover, the shape of the influence domain and the arrangement of material point pairs are arbitrary and not fixed, i.e., the unified mesoscopic structure is abstract. To verify the proposed model, a specific mesoscopic structure is generated for quasi-brittle materials without considering the randomness of material properties. In this mesoscopic structure, the shape of the influence domain is a circle, and the mesoscopic material points are generated by the tangent sphere method. The numerical results indicate that the proposed model can accurately capture the crack patterns of quasi-brittle materials and exhibits excellent numerical robustness. Meanwhile, through a mode-I failure example, it is demonstrated that the computational efficiency of the proposed model is not lower than the original NMMD model. More importantly, the framework of mesoscopic structure modeling provides a new feasible approach for the extension of other models, e.g., virtual internal bond model and peridynamics. The urgent work within the NMMD model framework is to extend the proposed model to anisotropic, composite materials and dynamic crack simulation of large structures in the future.
本研究对非局部宏观-介观尺度一致损伤(NMMD)模型的介观结构提出了新的探索,并扩展了原 NMMD 模型中从介观损伤到宏观损伤的定义。在所提出的模型中,材料点分为两种类型:宏观和中观。每个宏观材料点的影响域内都有介观材料点,每两个不同的介观材料点组成一个材料点对。宏观材料点的宏观损伤也是以影响域内材料点对的中观损伤的加权平均值来评估的。不过,与最初的 NMMD 模型相比,材料点对的中尺度损伤是由中观材料点的运动而不是宏观材料点的运动决定的。拟议模型中的宏观材料点仅代表非局部效应和宏观损伤。此外,影响域的形状和材料点对的排列是任意的,并不固定,即统一的介观结构是抽象的。为了验证所提出的模型,在不考虑材料属性随机性的情况下,为准脆性材料生成了一个特定的介观结构。在该介观结构中,影响域的形状为圆,介观材料点由切球法生成。数值结果表明,所提出的模型能准确捕捉准脆性材料的裂纹模式,并表现出优异的数值鲁棒性。同时,通过一个 I 型失效实例,证明了所提出模型的计算效率并不比原始 NMMD 模型低。更重要的是,介观结构建模框架为其他模型(如虚拟内结合模型和周动力学模型)的扩展提供了一种新的可行方法。在 NMMD 模型框架内亟待开展的工作是将提出的模型扩展到各向异性材料、复合材料以及未来大型结构的动态裂缝模拟。
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引用次数: 0
Topology optimization of structures guarding against brittle fracture via peridynamics-based SIMP approach 通过基于周动力学的 SIMP 方法优化防止脆性断裂结构的拓扑结构
IF 6.9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cma.2024.117438
Weisheng Zhang , Yuan Liu , Jian Zhang , Jialun Li , Xu Guo , Sung-Kie Youn
Fracture resistance of structures consisting of brittle materials is significantly important in engineering practice. In this work, we explore the application of peridynamics (PD) in the optimization of structures against brittle fracture. A fracture resistance topology optimization scheme under the PD-based analysis framework is proposed, where two fracture-based strategies are adopted to improve the structural fracture behavior. The first one sets the conventional fracture energy as a constraint. While the second constraint is the bond stretch established on the unique concept “bond” of the PD framework, which smoothly transfers the energy-based fracture resistance control to an intuitive and mathematically tractable geometric expression. The topology optimization is carried out under the SIMP framework, where densities are assigned to the bonds via material points to represent the topology changes and crack generation. Numerical examples and experiments demonstrate that the proposed strategies can guarantee the safety of the optimized structure against the occurrence of fracture failure.
在工程实践中,由脆性材料组成的结构的抗断裂性能非常重要。在这项工作中,我们探索了周动力学(PD)在结构抗脆断优化中的应用。在基于 PD 的分析框架下,提出了一种抗断裂拓扑优化方案,其中采用了两种基于断裂的策略来改善结构的断裂行为。第一种策略将常规断裂能作为约束条件。第二个约束条件是建立在基于 PD 框架的独特概念 "键 "上的键拉伸,它将基于能量的断裂抗力控制平滑地转换为直观且数学上可操作的几何表达。拓扑优化是在 SIMP 框架下进行的,通过材料点给键分配密度,以表示拓扑变化和裂缝产生。数值示例和实验证明,所提出的策略可以保证优化结构的安全性,防止断裂失效的发生。
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引用次数: 0
Reliability-based topology optimization using LRPIM surrogate model considering local stress and displacement constraints 利用考虑局部应力和位移约束的 LRPIM 代用模型进行基于可靠性的拓扑优化
IF 6.9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cma.2024.117460
Dianyin Hu , Yi Wang , Xi Liu , Cuiying Gong , Jinchao Pan , Dong Mi , Rongqiao Wang
This paper presents a novel decoupled framework for reliability-based topology optimization (RBTO) that aims to find optimal material configurations while meeting local stiffness and strength constraints. To effectively address the nonlinear displacement and stress reliability constraints, the proposed framework replaces the conventional first-order reliability method (FORM) with the more accurate Local Radial Point Interpolation Method (LRPIM). This substitution overcomes the limitations of FORM in approximating high-dimensional nonlinear problems. The framework includes the qp-relaxation criterion and a global stress aggregation technique to avoid stress singularities. For multi-constrained optimization, the adjoint vector method is used for design sensitivity analysis, followed by a gradient-based algorithm to solve the structural optimization problem. Numerical examples are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed RBTO methodology, demonstrating its superiority in both accuracy and reliability compared to the Sequential Optimization and Reliability Assessment (SORA) method. The comparative analysis highlights the efficiency and precision of the proposed method across different reliability approaches, making it a robust tool for addressing complex engineering challenges.
本文提出了一种新颖的基于可靠性的拓扑优化(RBTO)解耦框架,旨在找到最佳材料配置,同时满足局部刚度和强度约束。为有效解决非线性位移和应力可靠性约束,本文提出的框架用更精确的局部径向点插值法(LRPIM)取代了传统的一阶可靠性方法(FORM)。这种替代方法克服了 FORM 在逼近高维非线性问题时的局限性。该框架包括 qp 松弛准则和全局应力聚集技术,以避免应力奇点。在多约束优化方面,使用邻接向量法进行设计敏感性分析,然后使用基于梯度的算法解决结构优化问题。通过数值示例验证了所提出的 RBTO 方法的有效性,证明其与顺序优化和可靠性评估(SORA)方法相比,在准确性和可靠性方面都更胜一筹。对比分析凸显了拟议方法在不同可靠性方法中的效率和精确性,使其成为应对复杂工程挑战的强大工具。
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引用次数: 0
A novel mesh regularization approach based on finite element distortion potentials: Application to material expansion processes with extreme volume change 基于有限元畸变势的新型网格正则化方法:应用于具有极端体积变化的材料膨胀过程
IF 6.9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cma.2024.117444
Abhiroop Satheesh, Christoph P. Schmidt, Wolfgang A. Wall, Christoph Meier
The accuracy of finite element solutions is closely tied to the mesh quality. In particular, geometrically nonlinear problems involving large and strongly localized deformations often result in prohibitively large element distortions. In this work, we propose a novel mesh regularization approach allowing to restore a non-distorted high-quality mesh in an adaptive manner without the need for expensive re-meshing procedures. The core idea of this approach lies in the definition of a finite element distortion potential considering contributions from different distortion modes such as skewness and aspect ratio of the elements. The regularized mesh is found by minimization of this potential. Moreover, based on the concept of spatial localization functions, the method allows to specify tailored requirements on mesh resolution and quality for regions with strongly localized mechanical deformation and mesh distortion. In addition, while existing mesh regularization schemes often keep the boundary nodes of the discretization fixed, we propose a mesh-sliding algorithm based on variationally consistent mortar methods allowing for an unrestricted tangential motion of nodes along the problem boundary. Especially for problems involving significant surface deformation (e.g., frictional contact), this approach allows for an improved mesh relaxation as compared to schemes with fixed boundary nodes. To transfer data such as tensor-valued history variables of the material model from the old (distorted) to the new (regularized) mesh, a structure-preserving invariant interpolation scheme for second-order tensors is employed, which has been proposed in our previous work and is designed to preserve important properties of tensor-valued data such as objectivity and positive definiteness. As a practically relevant application scenario, we consider the thermo-mechanical expansion of materials such as foams involving extreme volume changes by up to two orders of magnitude along with large and strongly localized strains as well as thermo-mechanical contact interaction. For this scenario, it is demonstrated that the proposed regularization approach preserves a high mesh quality at small computational costs. In contrast, simulations without mesh adaption are shown to lead to significant mesh distortion, deteriorating result quality, and, eventually, to non-convergence of the numerical solution scheme.
有限元求解的精度与网格质量密切相关。特别是涉及大变形和强局部变形的几何非线性问题,往往会导致令人望而却步的大面积元素失真。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种新颖的网格正则化方法,它能以自适应的方式恢复无扭曲的高质量网格,而无需昂贵的重新网格化程序。这种方法的核心思想在于定义有限元畸变势能,同时考虑不同畸变模式的贡献,如元素的倾斜度和长宽比。正则化网格是通过最小化该变形势来实现的。此外,基于空间局部化函数的概念,该方法可针对具有强烈局部机械变形和网格畸变的区域,对网格分辨率和质量提出量身定制的要求。此外,现有的网格正则化方案通常会固定离散化的边界节点,而我们提出的网格滑动算法基于变化一致的迫击炮方法,允许节点沿问题边界无限制地切向运动。特别是对于涉及重大表面变形(如摩擦接触)的问题,与采用固定边界节点的方案相比,这种方法可以改善网格松弛。为了将材料模型的张量值历史变量等数据从旧的(扭曲的)网格转移到新的(正则化的)网格,我们采用了二阶张量的结构保持不变插值方案,该方案已在我们之前的工作中提出,旨在保持张量值数据的重要特性,如客观性和正确定性。作为一种实际应用场景,我们考虑了泡沫等材料的热机械膨胀,其中涉及高达两个数量级的极端体积变化、大而强的局部应变以及热机械接触相互作用。在这种情况下,所提出的正则化方法以较小的计算成本保持了较高的网格质量。相比之下,不进行网格自适应的模拟则会导致严重的网格畸变、结果质量下降,最终导致数值求解方案不收敛。
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引用次数: 0
PTPI-DL-ROMs: Pre-trained physics-informed deep learning-based reduced order models for nonlinear parametrized PDEs PTPI-DL-ROMs:预先训练的基于物理信息深度学习的非线性参数化 PDE 减阶模型
IF 6.9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cma.2024.117404
Simone Brivio, Stefania Fresca, Andrea Manzoni
Among several recently proposed data-driven Reduced Order Models (ROMs), the coupling of Proper Orthogonal Decompositions (POD) and deep learning-based ROMs (DL-ROMs) has proved to be a successful strategy to construct non-intrusive, highly accurate, surrogates for the real time solution of parametric nonlinear time-dependent PDEs. Inexpensive to evaluate, POD-DL-ROMs are also relatively fast to train, thanks to their limited complexity. However, POD-DL-ROMs account for the physical laws governing the problem at hand only through the training data, that are usually obtained through a full order model (FOM) relying on a high-fidelity discretization of the underlying equations. Moreover, the accuracy of POD-DL-ROMs strongly depends on the amount of available data. In this paper, we consider a major extension of POD-DL-ROMs by enforcing the fulfillment of the governing physical laws in the training process – that is, by making them physics-informed – to compensate for possible scarce and/or unavailable data and improve the overall reliability. To do that, we first complement POD-DL-ROMs with a trunk net architecture, endowing them with the ability to compute the problem’s solution at every point in the spatial domain, and ultimately enabling a seamless computation of the physics-based loss by means of the strong continuous formulation. Then, we introduce an efficient training strategy that limits the notorious computational burden entailed by a physics-informed training phase. In particular, we take advantage of the few available data to develop a low-cost pre-training procedure; then, we fine-tune the architecture in order to further improve the prediction reliability. Accuracy and efficiency of the resulting pre-trained physics-informed DL-ROMs (PTPI-DL-ROMs) are then assessed on a set of test cases ranging from non-affinely parametrized advection–diffusion–reaction equations, to nonlinear problems like the Navier–Stokes equations for fluid flows.
在最近提出的几种数据驱动的还原阶模型(ROM)中,适当正交分解(POD)与基于深度学习的还原阶模型(DL-ROM)的耦合已被证明是一种成功的策略,可以构建非侵入、高精度的代用模型,用于实时求解参数非线性时变 PDE。POD-DL-ROM 的评估成本低,由于其复杂性有限,因此训练速度也相对较快。不过,POD-DL-ROM 只能通过训练数据来解释当前问题的物理规律,而这些数据通常是通过全阶模型(FOM)获得的,依赖于对基础方程的高保真离散化。此外,POD-DL-ROM 的准确性在很大程度上取决于可用数据的数量。在本文中,我们将考虑对 POD-DL-ROMs 进行重大扩展,在训练过程中强制实现管理物理定律,即使其具有物理信息,以弥补可能的数据稀缺和/或不可用数据,并提高整体可靠性。为此,我们首先利用主干网架构对 POD-DL-ROM 进行补充,使其具备在空间域的每个点计算问题解决方案的能力,最终通过强连续公式实现基于物理损失的无缝计算。然后,我们引入了一种高效的训练策略,以限制物理信息训练阶段带来的众所周知的计算负担。特别是,我们利用为数不多的可用数据,开发了一种低成本的预训练程序;然后,我们对架构进行了微调,以进一步提高预测的可靠性。然后,我们在一组测试案例中评估了预训练的物理信息 DL-ROM (PTPI-DL-ROM)的准确性和效率,这些案例包括非参数化的平流-扩散-反应方程,以及流体流动的纳维-斯托克斯方程等非线性问题。
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引用次数: 0
Divide and conquer: Learning chaotic dynamical systems with multistep penalty neural ordinary differential equations 分而治之:利用多步惩罚神经常微分方程学习混沌动力系统
IF 6.9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cma.2024.117442
Dibyajyoti Chakraborty , Seung Whan Chung , Troy Arcomano , Romit Maulik
Forecasting high-dimensional dynamical systems is a fundamental challenge in various fields, such as geosciences and engineering. Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs), which combine the power of neural networks and numerical solvers, have emerged as a promising algorithm for forecasting complex nonlinear dynamical systems. However, classical techniques used for NODE training are ineffective for learning chaotic dynamical systems. In this work, we propose a novel NODE-training approach that allows for robust learning of chaotic dynamical systems. Our method addresses the challenges of non-convexity and exploding gradients associated with underlying chaotic dynamics. Training data trajectories from such systems are split into multiple, non-overlapping time windows. In addition to the deviation from the training data, the optimization loss term further penalizes the discontinuities of the predicted trajectory between the time windows. The window size is selected based on the fastest Lyapunov time scale of the system. Multi-step penalty(MP) method is first demonstrated on Lorenz equation, to illustrate how it improves the loss landscape and thereby accelerates the optimization convergence. MP method can optimize chaotic systems in a manner similar to least-squares shadowing with significantly lower computational costs. Our proposed algorithm, denoted the Multistep Penalty NODE, is applied to chaotic systems such as the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation, the two-dimensional Kolmogorov flow, and ERA5 reanalysis data for the atmosphere. It is observed that MP-NODE provide viable performance for such chaotic systems, not only for short-term trajectory predictions but also for invariant statistics that are hallmarks of the chaotic nature of these dynamics.
预测高维动态系统是地球科学和工程学等各个领域面临的一项基本挑战。神经常微分方程(NODE)结合了神经网络和数值求解器的力量,已成为预测复杂非线性动力系统的一种有前途的算法。然而,用于 NODE 训练的经典技术对学习混沌动力系统无效。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种新颖的 NODE 训练方法,可以对混沌动力学系统进行稳健学习。我们的方法解决了与底层混沌动力学相关的非凸性和梯度爆炸的难题。来自此类系统的训练数据轨迹被分割成多个不重叠的时间窗口。除了与训练数据的偏差外,优化损失项还会进一步惩罚时间窗口之间预测轨迹的不连续性。窗口大小根据系统最快的 Lyapunov 时间尺度来选择。首先在洛伦兹方程上演示了多步惩罚(MP)方法,以说明该方法如何改善损失景观,从而加速优化收敛。MP 方法能以类似于最小二乘阴影法的方式优化混沌系统,而计算成本却大大降低。我们提出的算法被命名为 "多步惩罚 NODE",它被应用于混沌系统,如 Kuramoto-Sivashinsky 方程、二维 Kolmogorov 流和 ERA5 大气再分析数据。结果表明,MP-NODE 为这类混沌系统提供了可行的性能,不仅适用于短期轨迹预测,而且适用于作为这些动力学混沌特性标志的不变统计。
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引用次数: 0
High-order multiscale method for elastic deformation of complex geometries 复杂几何体弹性变形的高阶多尺度方法
IF 6.9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cma.2024.117436
Sabit Mahmood Khan, Yashar Mehmani
Computational methods, such as finite elements, are indispensable for modeling the mechanical compliance of elastic solids. However, as the size and geometric complexity of the domain increases, the cost of simulations becomes prohibitive. One example is the microstructure of a porous material, such as a piece of rock or bone sample, captured by an X-ray μCT image. The solid geometry consists of numerous grains, cavities, and/or channels, with the domain large enough to allow inferring statistically converged macroscale properties. The pore-level multiscale method (PLMM) was recently proposed by the authors to reduce the associated computational cost through a divide-and-conquer strategy. The domain is decomposed into subdomains via watershed segmentation, and local basis and correction functions are built numerically, then assembled to obtain an approximate solution. However, PLMM is limited to domains corresponding to microscale porous media, incurs large errors when modeling loading conditions that generate significant bending/twisting moments locally, and it is equipped with only one mechanism to control approximation errors during a simulation. Here, we generalize PLMM into a high-order variant, called hPLMM, that removes these drawbacks. In hPLMM, appropriate mortar spaces are defined at subdomain interfaces that allow improving the boundary conditions used to solve local problems on the subdomains, thus the accuracy of the approximation. Moreover, errors can be reduced by a second mechanism wherein an upfront cost is paid prior to a simulation, useful if basis functions can be reused many times, e.g., across loading steps. Finally, the method applies not just to pore-scale, but also Darcy-scale and non-porous domains. We validate hPLMM against a range of complex 2D/3D geometries and discuss its convergence and algorithmic complexity. Implications for modeling failure and nonlinear problems are discussed.
有限元等计算方法是模拟弹性固体机械顺应性不可或缺的方法。然而,随着领域大小和几何复杂性的增加,模拟成本也变得高昂。一个例子是 X 射线 μCT 图像捕捉到的多孔材料(如岩石或骨骼样本)的微观结构。固体几何结构由许多晶粒、空腔和/或通道组成,其域大到足以推断出统计收敛的宏观尺度属性。作者最近提出了孔隙级多尺度方法(PLMM),通过分而治之的策略降低相关计算成本。该方法通过分水岭分割将域分解为子域,并通过数值方法建立局部基函数和校正函数,然后进行组合以获得近似解。然而,PLMM 仅限于微尺度多孔介质对应的域,在模拟局部产生较大弯曲/扭转力矩的加载条件时会产生较大误差,而且在模拟过程中只有一种控制近似误差的机制。在此,我们将 PLMM 推广为高阶变体,称为 hPLMM,以消除这些缺点。在 hPLMM 中,子域界面上定义了适当的迫击炮空间,可以改善用于解决子域局部问题的边界条件,从而提高近似的精度。此外,还可以通过第二种机制来减少误差,即在模拟前支付预付费用,这在基函数可以多次重复使用(如跨加载步骤)的情况下非常有用。最后,该方法不仅适用于孔隙尺度,也适用于达西尺度和非孔隙域。我们针对一系列复杂的二维/三维几何图形验证了 hPLMM,并讨论了其收敛性和算法复杂性。我们还讨论了失效和非线性问题建模的意义。
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Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering
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