Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101743
Jian Tian , Zihan Zhou , Mingming Han , Yi Juin Tay , Mengyu Bao , Longlong Fu , Qichen Jiang
The increasing prevalence of multiple abiotic stressors in aquatic ecosystems has raised significant ecological concerns. While molecular responses to hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) have been investigated in some aquatic species, the tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) remain poorly understood. Following a 48-h exposure to varying concentrations of H₂S (0, 0.1, and 5 mg/L), four key tissues—hepatopancreas, gill, muscle, and intestine—were collected for an integrated analysis of transcriptomic sequencing and physiological/biochemical assays. Our results demonstrated significant enrichment of pathways related to serine endopeptidase activity and tyrosine metabolism in affected tissues, highlighting their potential role in mitigating H₂S-induced damage. Furthermore, high-concentration H₂S exposure substantially elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-PX) and up-regulated the expression of associated genes (SOD1, GPX1, HO-1), while simultaneously suppressing cytochrome c oxidase expression. These coordinated changes indicate that H₂S toxicity triggers pronounced oxidative stress alongside disrupted energy metabolism. The present study provides novel experimental insights into the molecular mechanisms of H₂S toxicity in crustaceans and offers a scientific foundation for ecological risk assessment and sustainable aquaculture management.
{"title":"Molecular insights into hydrogen sulfide defense: A tissue-resolved transcriptomic study in the crab Eriocheir sinensis","authors":"Jian Tian , Zihan Zhou , Mingming Han , Yi Juin Tay , Mengyu Bao , Longlong Fu , Qichen Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing prevalence of multiple abiotic stressors in aquatic ecosystems has raised significant ecological concerns. While molecular responses to hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) have been investigated in some aquatic species, the tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms in the Chinese mitten crab (<em>Eriocheir sinensis</em>) remain poorly understood. Following a 48-h exposure to varying concentrations of H₂S (0, 0.1, and 5 mg/L), four key tissues—hepatopancreas, gill, muscle, and intestine—were collected for an integrated analysis of transcriptomic sequencing and physiological/biochemical assays. Our results demonstrated significant enrichment of pathways related to serine endopeptidase activity and tyrosine metabolism in affected tissues, highlighting their potential role in mitigating H₂S-induced damage. Furthermore, high-concentration H₂S exposure substantially elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-PX) and up-regulated the expression of associated genes (<em>SOD1</em>, <em>GPX1</em>, <em>HO-1</em>), while simultaneously suppressing cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase expression. These coordinated changes indicate that H₂S toxicity triggers pronounced oxidative stress alongside disrupted energy metabolism. The present study provides novel experimental insights into the molecular mechanisms of H₂S toxicity in crustaceans and offers a scientific foundation for ecological risk assessment and sustainable aquaculture management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) is of considerable commercial and ecological value, yet disease outbreaks substantially constrain the sustainable development of its aquaculture industry. The molecular mechanisms underlying A. japonicus's response to pathogenic bacterial invasion remain incompletely elucidated to date, particularly with respect to its differential response to peptidoglycans derived from distinct Gram-specific bacteria. In this study, the transcriptomes of A. japonicus coelomocytes were analyzed in response to challenges involving two different peptidoglycans: one from Gram-negative Escherichia coli (named “EK”) and the other from Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis (named “BS”). Signal transduction, post-translational modification, and immune pathways were recognized as the dominant functions related to the identified transcripts. Significant variations in gene expression profiles were observed during the challenges, with tens of thousands of genes being expressed differently between the challenged and control groups. Further KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the alternative complement pathway and apoptosis were the primary immune pathways, which were greatly up-regulated at 72 h after both challenges. Additionally, the enriched pathways revealed a distinct initial response of A. japonicus to different challenges, characterized by the upregulation of signal transduction pathways in the BS treatment group and stronger lipid and energy metabolism in the EK group. Furthermore, cell adhesion-related pathways were found to be enriched in A. japonicus at 96 h after the challenges. Moreover, according to the Venn diagram, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1) and gag-pro-pol polyprotein transcripts were down-regulated throughout both challenges. Preliminary investigation of the function of the A. japonicus gag-pro-pol polyprotein was conducted using RNAi combined with RNA-Seq analysis. This revealed that four functional gene groups, including those responsible for vitamin transport, antioxidation and inflammation, cell adhesion, and complement activation, were positively regulated by this gene. Therefore, it can be speculated that the peptidoglycans from Gram-negative and -positive bacteria not only triggered differentiated immune reactions in A. japonicus, but also suppressed some immune response, nutrition absorption and energy delivery via the negative regulation of CO1 and gag-pro-pol polyprotein gene expression.
{"title":"Transcriptomics reveals the temporal responses of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) to the challenge by bacterial peptidoglycans","authors":"Shan Gao , Pingzhe Jiang , Zelong Zhao, Feifei Zhang, Yujun Liu, Hongjuan Sun, Peipei Li, Yao Xiao, Yongjia Pan, Guohan Zhang, Dongmei Yue, Jingwei Jiang, Zunchun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea cucumber (<em>Apostichopus japonicus</em>) is of considerable commercial and ecological value, yet disease outbreaks substantially constrain the sustainable development of its aquaculture industry. The molecular mechanisms underlying <em>A. japonicus</em>'s response to pathogenic bacterial invasion remain incompletely elucidated to date, particularly with respect to its differential response to peptidoglycans derived from distinct Gram-specific bacteria. In this study, the transcriptomes of <em>A. japonicus</em> coelomocytes were analyzed in response to challenges involving two different peptidoglycans: one from Gram-negative <em>Escherichia coli</em> (named “EK”) and the other from Gram-positive <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (named “BS”). Signal transduction, post-translational modification, and immune pathways were recognized as the dominant functions related to the identified transcripts. Significant variations in gene expression profiles were observed during the challenges, with tens of thousands of genes being expressed differently between the challenged and control groups. Further KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the alternative complement pathway and apoptosis were the primary immune pathways, which were greatly up-regulated at 72 h after both challenges. Additionally, the enriched pathways revealed a distinct initial response of <em>A. japonicus</em> to different challenges, characterized by the upregulation of signal transduction pathways in the BS treatment group and stronger lipid and energy metabolism in the EK group. Furthermore, cell adhesion-related pathways were found to be enriched in <em>A. japonicus</em> at 96 h after the challenges. Moreover, according to the Venn diagram, the cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit I (CO1) and gag-pro-pol polyprotein transcripts were down-regulated throughout both challenges. Preliminary investigation of the function of the <em>A. japonicus</em> gag-pro-pol polyprotein was conducted using RNAi combined with RNA-Seq analysis. This revealed that four functional gene groups, including those responsible for vitamin transport, antioxidation and inflammation, cell adhesion, and complement activation, were positively regulated by this gene. Therefore, it can be speculated that the peptidoglycans from Gram-negative and -positive bacteria not only triggered differentiated immune reactions in <em>A. japonicus</em>, but also suppressed some immune response, nutrition absorption and energy delivery <em>via</em> the negative regulation of <em>CO1</em> and <em>gag-pro-pol polyprotein</em> gene expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101768"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101750
Fujun Xuan , Xinyue Zhang , Jinghao Hu , Xuguang Li , Yuchen Chen , Aiming Zhang , Ruifang Wang , Qian Ren , Tao Wu , Weibing Guan , Yongxu Cheng , Jun Zhou , Rongchen Liu
Eriocheir sinensis (Chinese mitten crab) is a key economic species in China's freshwater aquaculture industry. Individual body size is a critical trait that determines both market price and production profitability. Large-sized crabs exhibit substantial commercial advantages; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating size formation remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted an integrative multi-omics analysis combining whole-transcriptome data (mRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA) and untargeted metabolomics across two aquaculture cohorts (cohort2023 and cohort2024). Our results revealed a systemic downregulation of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and glycerol metabolism in large-sized crabs, suggesting a “low consumption–high storage” metabolic strategy. In contrast, pathways related to organismal development, exoskeleton reconstruction, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and nutrient absorption were significantly upregulated, indicating enhanced growth potential and nutrient assimilation efficiency. ceRNA network modeling and cis-acting lncRNA analysis identified multiple core regulatory genes (e.g., PTGS1, TPI1, POR) as targets of complex non-coding RNA interactions involved in body size regulation. Enzyme activity assays for key rate-limiting steps in carbohydrate and lipid catabolism, along with extensive qPCR validation, further corroborated the transcriptomic findings. Taken together, our study provides the first comprehensive multi-omics perspective on the molecular basis of body size differentiation in E. sinensis, proposing a tripartite mechanism involving suppressed catabolism, stimulated growth and morphogenesis, and improved nutrient acquisition. These findings offer theoretical insight into crustacean growth regulation and provide molecular targets to support selective breeding of high-value, large-sized mitten crab strains.
{"title":"Multi-omics dissection of large-size formation in Eriocheir sinensis: Insights from RNA, metabolite profiling, and ceRNA regulatory networks","authors":"Fujun Xuan , Xinyue Zhang , Jinghao Hu , Xuguang Li , Yuchen Chen , Aiming Zhang , Ruifang Wang , Qian Ren , Tao Wu , Weibing Guan , Yongxu Cheng , Jun Zhou , Rongchen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Eriocheir sinensis</em> (Chinese mitten crab) is a key economic species in China's freshwater aquaculture industry. Individual body size is a critical trait that determines both market price and production profitability. Large-sized crabs exhibit substantial commercial advantages; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating size formation remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted an integrative multi-omics analysis combining whole-transcriptome data (mRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA) and untargeted metabolomics across two aquaculture cohorts (cohort2023 and cohort2024). Our results revealed a systemic downregulation of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and glycerol metabolism in large-sized crabs, suggesting a “low consumption–high storage” metabolic strategy. In contrast, pathways related to organismal development, exoskeleton reconstruction, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and nutrient absorption were significantly upregulated, indicating enhanced growth potential and nutrient assimilation efficiency. ceRNA network modeling and cis-acting lncRNA analysis identified multiple core regulatory genes (e.g., <em>PTGS1</em>, <em>TPI1</em>, <em>POR</em>) as targets of complex non-coding RNA interactions involved in body size regulation. Enzyme activity assays for key rate-limiting steps in carbohydrate and lipid catabolism, along with extensive qPCR validation, further corroborated the transcriptomic findings. Taken together, our study provides the first comprehensive multi-omics perspective on the molecular basis of body size differentiation in <em>E. sinensis</em>, proposing a tripartite mechanism involving suppressed catabolism, stimulated growth and morphogenesis, and improved nutrient acquisition. These findings offer theoretical insight into crustacean growth regulation and provide molecular targets to support selective breeding of high-value, large-sized mitten crab strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101706
Xiaohua He , Siyi Li , Shuhai Wang , Qiang Wang , Xiaohui Xu , Yanwei Feng , Weijun Wang , Zan Li , Jianmin Yang , Qihao Luo , Guohua Sun
Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is an important aquaculture species along the North Pacific coast. Its farming efficiency faces a growing threat from the impacts of global climate change, which characterized by either extreme low-temperature events or extended periods of cold stress. This study employed integrated physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses to investigate A. japonicus responses to low temperatures (7.5 °C and 2.5 °C). When the temperature decreased to 7.5 °C and 2.5 °C, both significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPX), thereby alleviating oxidative damage. Transcriptomic data showed that at 7.5 °C, genes related to antioxidant defense (e.g., ALDH7A1) were significantly upregulated, as were genes associated with lipid metabolism, such as SCP2. At 2.5 °C, the number of differentially expressed genes increased significantly, including the upregulation of lipid metabolism-related gene acox1, antioxidant defense-related genes (gclm, pdxk), and the downregulation of lipid metabolism-related gene hmgcr. Metabolomic profiling revealed enrichment of unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., linoleic acid) and primary bile acid biosynthesis at 7.5 °C, enhancing membrane fluidity and lipid utilization. Key metabolites at 2.5 °C (e.g., glutathione, L-aspartic acid) were involved in amino acid metabolism pathways. Integrated analyses highlighted co-enrichment of genes and metabolites linked to bile acid synthesis and fatty acid metabolism at 7.5 °C, supporting membrane stability and energy balance, while 2.5 °C induced pathways related to vitamin B6 metabolism, the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid degradation. These results indicate that A. japonicus primarily counters cold stress through antioxidant defense and energy homeostasis regulation. The findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding temperature adaptation in echinoderms and establish a foundation for developing precise cultivation strategies and breeding novel stress-resistant strains of A. japonicus to mitigate the impacts of global climate change.
{"title":"Unveiling the roles of oxidative stress defense and energy metabolism adjustment in low-temperature stress responses of Apostichopus japonicus: An integrated physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis","authors":"Xiaohua He , Siyi Li , Shuhai Wang , Qiang Wang , Xiaohui Xu , Yanwei Feng , Weijun Wang , Zan Li , Jianmin Yang , Qihao Luo , Guohua Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea cucumber <em>Apostichopus japonicus</em> is an important aquaculture species along the North Pacific coast. Its farming efficiency faces a growing threat from the impacts of global climate change, which characterized by either extreme low-temperature events or extended periods of cold stress. This study employed integrated physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses to investigate <em>A. japonicus</em> responses to low temperatures (7.5 °C and 2.5 °C). When the temperature decreased to 7.5 °C and 2.5 °C, both significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPX), thereby alleviating oxidative damage. Transcriptomic data showed that at 7.5 °C, genes related to antioxidant defense (e.g., <em>ALDH7A1</em>) were significantly upregulated, as were genes associated with lipid metabolism, such as <em>SCP2</em>. At 2.5 °C, the number of differentially expressed genes increased significantly, including the upregulation of lipid metabolism-related gene acox1, antioxidant defense-related genes (<em>gclm</em>, <em>pdx</em>k), and the downregulation of lipid metabolism-related gene <em>hmgcr</em>. Metabolomic profiling revealed enrichment of unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., linoleic acid) and primary bile acid biosynthesis at 7.5 °C, enhancing membrane fluidity and lipid utilization. Key metabolites at 2.5 °C (e.g., glutathione, L-aspartic acid) were involved in amino acid metabolism pathways. Integrated analyses highlighted co-enrichment of genes and metabolites linked to bile acid synthesis and fatty acid metabolism at 7.5 °C, supporting membrane stability and energy balance, while 2.5 °C induced pathways related to vitamin B6 metabolism, the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid degradation. These results indicate that <em>A. japonicus</em> primarily counters cold stress through antioxidant defense and energy homeostasis regulation. The findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding temperature adaptation in echinoderms and establish a foundation for developing precise cultivation strategies and breeding novel stress-resistant strains of <em>A. japonicus</em> to mitigate the impacts of global climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101773
Yan Li , Wenhao Wang , Wan Liu , Jialin Zhao , Xiaochen Zhang , Yijing Han , Haoyu Zhang , Xingda Jia , Junsong YangLi , Xiaotong Wang
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to diverse biological functions and physiological mechanisms through the intricate regulation of their target genes. In this study, we investigated the influence of miR-182-5p on pigmentation in Crassostrea gigas. Differentially expressed miR-182-5p associated with melanin formation was successfully screened using small RNA sequencing. qRT-PCR revealed a higher expression level of miR-182-5p in the white mantle and lower expression in hemocytes and the black mantle across diverse tissues of C. gigas. Target prediction analyses identified microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) as a potential target of miR-182-5p. The relationship between MITF and miR-182-5p was further verified via the overexpression and inhibition of miRNAs, as well as by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Masson-Fontana melanin staining revealed a marked decrease in pigment granules after injections of miR-182-5p mimics. Western blotting analyses revealed that changes in miR-182-5p levels could regulate MITF protein expression. Upon miR-182-5p overexpression, genes associated with melanin synthesis were markedly downregulated in the mantle tissue. In summary, miR-182-5p participates in the regulation of melanin formation in C. gigas through the regulation of MITF. These results are significant for elucidating the regulatory role of miRNAs in mollusk melanin synthesis and promoting comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying mollusk melanin formation.
{"title":"miR-182-5p affects melanin formation in Crassostrea gigas by regulating the MITF gene","authors":"Yan Li , Wenhao Wang , Wan Liu , Jialin Zhao , Xiaochen Zhang , Yijing Han , Haoyu Zhang , Xingda Jia , Junsong YangLi , Xiaotong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to diverse biological functions and physiological mechanisms through the intricate regulation of their target genes. In this study, we investigated the influence of miR-182-5p on pigmentation in <em>Crassostrea gigas</em>. Differentially expressed miR-182-5p associated with melanin formation was successfully screened using small RNA sequencing. qRT-PCR revealed a higher expression level of miR-182-5p in the white mantle and lower expression in hemocytes and the black mantle across diverse tissues of <em>C. gigas</em>. Target prediction analyses identified microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) as a potential target of miR-182-5p. The relationship between MITF and miR-182-5p was further verified via the overexpression and inhibition of miRNAs, as well as by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Masson-Fontana melanin staining revealed a marked decrease in pigment granules after injections of miR-182-5p mimics. Western blotting analyses revealed that changes in miR-182-5p levels could regulate MITF protein expression. Upon miR-182-5p overexpression, genes associated with melanin synthesis were markedly downregulated in the mantle tissue. In summary, miR-182-5p participates in the regulation of melanin formation in <em>C. gigas</em> through the regulation of MITF. These results are significant for elucidating the regulatory role of miRNAs in mollusk melanin synthesis and promoting comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying mollusk melanin formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101773"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101764
H.A.C.R. Hanchapola , Gaeun Kim , W.K.M. Omeka , Po Gong , D.S. Liyanage , H.M.V. Udayantha , Yasara Kavindi Kodagoda , M.A.H. Dilshan , D.C.G. Rodrigo , G.A.N. Piyumika Ganepola , Yuhwan Jo , Jeongyong Lee , Cecile Massault , Dean R. Jerry , Jihun Lee , Jeongeun Kim , Jehee Lee
The Republic of Korea is the global leading producer of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), accounting for approximately 49% of national aquaculture production. Acute low-temperature stress poses a major challenge to this industry, causing substantial economic losses through impaired growth, increased mortality, and compromised immune function. This study aimed to identify genetic markers associated with acute low-temperature stress tolerance using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and determine optimal genomic prediction parameters. A total of 576 healthy olive flounders (average weight 419.57 ± 9.56 g) were subjected to acute low-temperature stress at 9 °C for 20 min. Serum cortisol levels were measured and caudal fin samples were collected from 384 individuals for genomic DNA isolation. Genotyping using a 70 K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip yielded 57,638 high-quality SNPs from 375 individuals, which were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Eighteen putative SNPs exhibiting suggestive significance level (p < 1 × 10−5) were identified on chromosomes 8, 20, and 21; however, none surpassed the Bonferroni-corrected genome-wide significance threshold (p < 8.6 × 10−7). These suggestive associations, therefore, require validation in independent populations. Among them, SNPs AX-419197258 and AX-419200963 explained 3.44% and 3.25% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Functional annotation indicated that putative candidate genes, including gbe1, serta, lpgat1, and il20ra, are involved in key biological and immune-related pathways. Genomic prediction analyses demonstrated that the random forest model achieved the highest accuracy for predicting serum cortisol levels. Moreover, GWAS-based marker selection outperformed random marker selection, with approximately 1000 markers identified as optimal for reliable prediction. Collectively, these findings provide insights into the genetic architecture of low-temperature stress tolerance in olive flounder and support the application of genomic approaches in selective breeding programs to enhance resilience and sustainability in aquaculture.
{"title":"Genome-wide association analysis to identify novel candidate genes and genomic model optimization to predict acute low-temperature stress resilience in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)","authors":"H.A.C.R. Hanchapola , Gaeun Kim , W.K.M. Omeka , Po Gong , D.S. Liyanage , H.M.V. Udayantha , Yasara Kavindi Kodagoda , M.A.H. Dilshan , D.C.G. Rodrigo , G.A.N. Piyumika Ganepola , Yuhwan Jo , Jeongyong Lee , Cecile Massault , Dean R. Jerry , Jihun Lee , Jeongeun Kim , Jehee Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Republic of Korea is the global leading producer of olive flounder (<em>Paralichthys olivaceus</em>), accounting for approximately 49% of national aquaculture production. Acute low-temperature stress poses a major challenge to this industry, causing substantial economic losses through impaired growth, increased mortality, and compromised immune function. This study aimed to identify genetic markers associated with acute low-temperature stress tolerance using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and determine optimal genomic prediction parameters. A total of 576 healthy olive flounders (average weight 419.57 ± 9.56 g) were subjected to acute low-temperature stress at 9 °C for 20 min. Serum cortisol levels were measured and caudal fin samples were collected from 384 individuals for genomic DNA isolation. Genotyping using a 70 K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip yielded 57,638 high-quality SNPs from 375 individuals, which were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Eighteen putative SNPs exhibiting suggestive significance level (<em>p</em> < 1 × 10<sup>−5</sup>) were identified on chromosomes 8, 20, and 21; however, none surpassed the Bonferroni-corrected genome-wide significance threshold (<em>p</em> < 8.6 × 10<sup>−7</sup>). These suggestive associations, therefore, require validation in independent populations. Among them, SNPs AX-419197258 and AX-419200963 explained 3.44% and 3.25% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Functional annotation indicated that putative candidate genes, including <em>gbe1</em>, <em>serta</em>, <em>lpgat1</em>, and <em>il20ra</em>, are involved in key biological and immune-related pathways. Genomic prediction analyses demonstrated that the random forest model achieved the highest accuracy for predicting serum cortisol levels. Moreover, GWAS-based marker selection outperformed random marker selection, with approximately 1000 markers identified as optimal for reliable prediction. Collectively, these findings provide insights into the genetic architecture of low-temperature stress tolerance in olive flounder and support the application of genomic approaches in selective breeding programs to enhance resilience and sustainability in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101764"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101758
Na Sheng , Yongchuang Li , Yongqing Wang , Zheyan Chen , Xilei Li , Xianji Tao , Jiale Li , Jianbin Feng
The red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, is a commercially significant crustacean species for aquaculture globally. Growth traits are of great importance for economic efficiency in the aquaculture of the species. However, the molecular mechanisms of regulating growth rate in P. clarkii remain poorly understood. Here, to identify the hub genes and key pathways related to growth rate, transcriptome sequencing and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) were conducted on the gill, heart, hepatopancreas, intestine, and muscle from P. clarkii with different growth rate in three full-sib families. A total of 906 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the gill (95 up-regulated and 811 down-regulated), 1042 DEGs in the heart (45 up-regulated and 997 down-regulated), 257 DEGs in the hepatopancreas (80 up-regulated and 177 down-regulated), 691 DEGs in the intestine (174 up-regulated and 517 down-regulated), and 158 DEGs in the muscle (30 up-regulated and 128 down-regulated) were identified, respectively. The DEGs were annotated into 101 GO terms, which mainly involved in chitin binding, structural components of the stratum corneum, extracellular region and extracellular space. Nine key pathways including the Wnt signaling pathway, autophagy-animal, phagosome, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, TGF-β signaling pathway, drug metabolism-other enzymes, mTOR signaling pathway, lysine degradation, and lysosome pathway were identified based on the KEGG enrichment analysis. A hub module was identified by WGCNA analysis. The hub genes related to structural composition, such as cuticle protein 7-like and pro-resilin, as well as genes involved in various cellular processes, like ataxin-2 homolog were identified based on the PPI network analysis. Overall, the results would provide valuable insights into understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of growth rate of P. clarkii.
{"title":"Identification of candidate hub genes and key pathways related to growth rate of the red swamp crayfish based on WGCNA analysis","authors":"Na Sheng , Yongchuang Li , Yongqing Wang , Zheyan Chen , Xilei Li , Xianji Tao , Jiale Li , Jianbin Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The red swamp crayfish, <em>Procambarus clarkii</em>, is a commercially significant crustacean species for aquaculture globally. Growth traits are of great importance for economic efficiency in the aquaculture of the species. However, the molecular mechanisms of regulating growth rate in <em>P. clarkii</em> remain poorly understood. Here, to identify the hub genes and key pathways related to growth rate, transcriptome sequencing and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) were conducted on the gill, heart, hepatopancreas, intestine, and muscle from <em>P. clarkii</em> with different growth rate in three full-sib families. A total of 906 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the gill (95 up-regulated and 811 down-regulated), 1042 DEGs in the heart (45 up-regulated and 997 down-regulated), 257 DEGs in the hepatopancreas (80 up-regulated and 177 down-regulated), 691 DEGs in the intestine (174 up-regulated and 517 down-regulated), and 158 DEGs in the muscle (30 up-regulated and 128 down-regulated) were identified, respectively. The DEGs were annotated into 101 GO terms, which mainly involved in chitin binding, structural components of the stratum corneum, extracellular region and extracellular space. Nine key pathways including the Wnt signaling pathway, autophagy-animal, phagosome, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, TGF-β signaling pathway, drug metabolism-other enzymes, mTOR signaling pathway, lysine degradation, and lysosome pathway were identified based on the KEGG enrichment analysis. A hub module was identified by WGCNA analysis. The hub genes related to structural composition, such as <em>cuticle protein 7-like</em> and <em>pro-resilin</em>, as well as genes involved in various cellular processes, like <em>ataxin-2 homolog</em> were identified based on the PPI network analysis. Overall, the results would provide valuable insights into understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of growth rate of <em>P. clarkii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101758"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101772
Dongying Zhang , Hang Li , Liancheng Li , Hongzhao Long , Sijie Yang , Ruijuan Hao , Chen Wang , Qin Hu , Qiuxia Deng , Xiaoying Ru , Yang Huang , Chunhua Zhu
The leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) is a reef-dwelling fish that is highly valued for its striking coloration. This coloration is affected by the expression of genes, which is, in turn, governed by chromatin structure. In this study, we characterized chromatin accessibility in black and red morphs to identify regulatory elements associated with pigmentation. Most accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) were located in non-coding regions, especially distal intergenic regions; the number of ACRs was 7.26% and 8.01% greater in distal intergenic regions than in promoters (≤1 kb) in black and red groups, respectively. Comparative analysis uncovered 3480 differentially accessible regions (DARs), including 2926 with increased and 554 with decreased accessibility. 1764 genes annotated from the identified DARs were subjected to functional enrichment analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of these genes derived from DARs revealed significant associations with pigmentation-related processes, including pigment granule formation, pigment biosynthesis, and melanin metabolism. Meanwhile, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were significantly enriched in multiple pathways, such as melanogenesis, the MAPK signaling pathway, lipid metabolism pathways (fatty acid, α-linolenic acid, and linoleic acid metabolism), and immune-related signaling pathways (TNF, IL-17, and C-type lectin receptor pathways). Integrated analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data revealed a positive association between chromatin accessibility and differential gene expression. Overall, these findings shed light on the regulatory landscape underlying body color variation in P. leopardus and provide valuable insights with implications for enhancing the coloration of fish via genetic approaches and selective breeding.
{"title":"Integrated ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analyses reveal epigenetic regulation of body color variation in the leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus)","authors":"Dongying Zhang , Hang Li , Liancheng Li , Hongzhao Long , Sijie Yang , Ruijuan Hao , Chen Wang , Qin Hu , Qiuxia Deng , Xiaoying Ru , Yang Huang , Chunhua Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The leopard coral grouper (<em>Plectropomus leopardus</em>) is a reef-dwelling fish that is highly valued for its striking coloration. This coloration is affected by the expression of genes, which is, in turn, governed by chromatin structure. In this study, we characterized chromatin accessibility in black and red morphs to identify regulatory elements associated with pigmentation. Most accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) were located in non-coding regions, especially distal intergenic regions; the number of ACRs was 7.26% and 8.01% greater in distal intergenic regions than in promoters (≤1 kb) in black and red groups, respectively. Comparative analysis uncovered 3480 differentially accessible regions (DARs), including 2926 with increased and 554 with decreased accessibility. 1764 genes annotated from the identified DARs were subjected to functional enrichment analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of these genes derived from DARs revealed significant associations with pigmentation-related processes, including pigment granule formation, pigment biosynthesis, and melanin metabolism. Meanwhile, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were significantly enriched in multiple pathways, such as melanogenesis, the MAPK signaling pathway, lipid metabolism pathways (fatty acid, α-linolenic acid, and linoleic acid metabolism), and immune-related signaling pathways (TNF, IL-17, and C-type lectin receptor pathways). Integrated analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data revealed a positive association between chromatin accessibility and differential gene expression. Overall, these findings shed light on the regulatory landscape underlying body color variation in <em>P. leopardus</em> and provide valuable insights with implications for enhancing the coloration of fish via genetic approaches and selective breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146159582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101740
Dingbin Gong, Lin Zhou, Xiaoru Hong, Mingyang Yao, Zeting Huang, Wanting Yu, Yan Wu, Minmin Chen, Daoping Yu, Yaling Song, Liming Wang, Yuxi Lian, Xiaohuan Zhang, Pingping Wang
The mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi, MD) is a highly valued freshwater economic fish species in China, but it exhibits a notably low tolerance to a hypoxic environment. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms in response to environmental hypoxia and reoxygenation stress remain poorly understood. Therefore, we examined liver biochemical parameters and transcriptomes of MD under normoxic, hypoxic, and reoxygenation conditions, aiming to illuminate the dynamic changes in molecular regulatory mechanisms and oxidative stress responses. This study revealed that the enzymatic antioxidant systems acted in a coordinated manner to alleviate oxidative stress injury caused by hypoxia. In RNA-seq analysis, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and conducted enrichment analysis. Among the Gene Ontology (GO) functional categories, several critical hypoxia-related genes (nfkbia, vegfa, aplnr) in biological processes were observed. Furthermore, based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses, the finding revealed that many DEGs were involved in the HIF-1 signaling pathway (gln, epo, vegfa, pfka, ldh), AMPK signaling pathway (pfka, eef2k, gys), p53 signaling pathway (ccne, gtse1), PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (ddit4, egf, gh, ghr, vwf, gys), and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway (atg8, sharpin, ifnar1), among others. This study offers crucial insights into elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying hypoxia stress, and holds the potential to facilitate the development of effective strategies for coping with environmental hypoxia and reoxygenation stress in MD. This is valuable for fish genetic improvement.
{"title":"Hypoxia and reoxygenation induce changes in oxidative stress, histological structure, and transcriptome in the liver of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi)","authors":"Dingbin Gong, Lin Zhou, Xiaoru Hong, Mingyang Yao, Zeting Huang, Wanting Yu, Yan Wu, Minmin Chen, Daoping Yu, Yaling Song, Liming Wang, Yuxi Lian, Xiaohuan Zhang, Pingping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mandarin fish (<em>Siniperca chuatsi</em>, MD) is a highly valued freshwater economic fish species in China, but it exhibits a notably low tolerance to a hypoxic environment. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms in response to environmental hypoxia and reoxygenation stress remain poorly understood. Therefore, we examined liver biochemical parameters and transcriptomes of MD under normoxic, hypoxic, and reoxygenation conditions, aiming to illuminate the dynamic changes in molecular regulatory mechanisms and oxidative stress responses. This study revealed that the enzymatic antioxidant systems acted in a coordinated manner to alleviate oxidative stress injury caused by hypoxia. In RNA-seq analysis, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and conducted enrichment analysis. Among the Gene Ontology (GO) functional categories, several critical hypoxia-related genes (<em>nfkbia</em>, <em>vegfa</em>, <em>aplnr</em>) in biological processes were observed. Furthermore, based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses, the finding revealed that many DEGs were involved in the HIF-1 signaling pathway (<em>gln</em>, <em>epo</em>, <em>vegfa</em>, <em>pfka</em>, <em>ldh</em>), AMPK signaling pathway (<em>pfka</em>, <em>eef2k</em>, <em>gys</em>), p53 signaling pathway (<em>ccne</em>, <em>gtse1</em>), PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (<em>ddit4</em>, <em>egf</em>, <em>gh</em>, <em>ghr</em>, <em>vwf</em>, <em>gys</em>), and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway (<em>atg8</em>, <em>sharpin</em>, <em>ifnar1</em>), among others. This study offers crucial insights into elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying hypoxia stress, and holds the potential to facilitate the development of effective strategies for coping with environmental hypoxia and reoxygenation stress in MD. This is valuable for fish genetic improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101740"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101744
Peng Tan , Lei Zhang , Jinzhi Zhang , Aizhi Cao , Dongdong Xu , Aijun Zhu , Zhili Ding , Qingjun Shao
Despite being sterol auxotrophs that lack de novo steroid synthesis pathways, the specific physiological roles of exogenous bile acids (BAs) in crustaceans remain to be fully elucidated. This study investigated the effects of dietary BAs on the antioxidant capacity, immune regulation, and intestinal microbiota of the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp were fed diets supplemented with graded levels of BAs (0–1000 mg kg−1) for 56 days. Integrated multi-omics analyses were employed, where the 200 mg kg−1 physiological optimum was used for transcriptomic profiling to decipher signaling pathways, while the 1000 mg kg−1 group was analyzed to assess high-dose tolerance and microbial composition changes. Results showed that dietary BAs significantly enhanced non-specific immune parameters, specifically hemolymph lysozyme activity and total antioxidant capacity, without inducing histological damage to the hepatopancreas or intestine even at the highest dosage. Transcriptomic analysis showed an upregulation of antioxidant-related genes, such as sod1, gst and nos1, suggesting that BAs enhance the host's transcriptional potential to cope with oxidative stress. Furthermore, dietary BAs modulated immune signaling by upregulating the NF-κB inhibitor gene nfkbia and downregulating the adaptor myd88, indicating a potential mechanism for maintaining immune homeostasis and suppressing pro-inflammatory responses. In the intestine, BAs significantly increased the Shannon diversity index by promoting community evenness rather than species richness, and reduced the relative abundance of the opportunistic pathogen Vibrio while enriching beneficial genera such as Ruegeria. These findings indicate that exogenous BAs exert a protective role in L. vannamei by priming antioxidant defenses, modulating inflammatory signaling pathways, and stabilizing the intestine microbial ecosystem. These results suggest that BAs can be used as effective feed additives to improve health and intestine stability in shrimp farming.
{"title":"Integrated multi-omics analyses reveals physiological and gut microbiota responses of Litopenaeus vannamei to graded levels of dietary bile acids","authors":"Peng Tan , Lei Zhang , Jinzhi Zhang , Aizhi Cao , Dongdong Xu , Aijun Zhu , Zhili Ding , Qingjun Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite being sterol auxotrophs that lack de novo steroid synthesis pathways, the specific physiological roles of exogenous bile acids (BAs) in crustaceans remain to be fully elucidated. This study investigated the effects of dietary BAs on the antioxidant capacity, immune regulation, and intestinal microbiota of the Pacific white shrimp, <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>. Shrimp were fed diets supplemented with graded levels of BAs (0–1000 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) for 56 days. Integrated multi-omics analyses were employed, where the 200 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> physiological optimum was used for transcriptomic profiling to decipher signaling pathways, while the 1000 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> group was analyzed to assess high-dose tolerance and microbial composition changes. Results showed that dietary BAs significantly enhanced non-specific immune parameters, specifically hemolymph lysozyme activity and total antioxidant capacity, without inducing histological damage to the hepatopancreas or intestine even at the highest dosage. Transcriptomic analysis showed an upregulation of antioxidant-related genes, such as <em>sod1</em>, <em>gst</em> and <em>nos1</em>, suggesting that BAs enhance the host's transcriptional potential to cope with oxidative stress. Furthermore, dietary BAs modulated immune signaling by upregulating the NF-κB inhibitor gene <em>nfkbia</em> and downregulating the adaptor <em>myd88</em>, indicating a potential mechanism for maintaining immune homeostasis and suppressing pro-inflammatory responses. In the intestine, BAs significantly increased the Shannon diversity index by promoting community evenness rather than species richness, and reduced the relative abundance of the opportunistic pathogen <em>Vibrio</em> while enriching beneficial genera such as <em>Ruegeria</em>. These findings indicate that exogenous BAs exert a protective role in L. <em>vannamei</em> by priming antioxidant defenses, modulating inflammatory signaling pathways, and stabilizing the intestine microbial ecosystem. These results suggest that BAs can be used as effective feed additives to improve health and intestine stability in shrimp farming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101744"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145968045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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