Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics最新文献

{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis under the stress of insecticides and the functional role of three genes related to host finding behavior of Scleroderma sichuanensis","authors":"Sumbul Mureed Mastoi ,&nbsp;Yang Hua ,&nbsp;Waqar Ali Chandio ,&nbsp;Paras Mureed Mastoi ,&nbsp;Yang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The female parasitoid wasp <em>Scleroderma sichuanensis</em> (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) utilizes various intricate behavior strategies, including host detection, learning, and memory, to enhance its survival and reproductive success. RNA-Seq analysis conducted under sublethal insecticide stress identified three differentially expressed genes, SsOR5, SsGRIN2B, and SsPDE8A, selected for functional validation due to their likely roles in host searching behavior. The SsOR5, an odorant receptor, is believed to interact with other olfactory receptors and downstream signaling molecules to improve host detection. In contrast, SsGRIN2B, an NMDA-type glutamate receptor, may influence synaptic plasticity and neural transmission, thereby affecting leering behavior. Additionally, SsPDE8A modulates cAMP-dependent signaling pathways, which are crucial for memory consolidation and behavioral response. This research investigates these genes in <em>S. sichuanensis</em> using RNA interference (RNAi) to assess changes in host finding efficiency. Adult female wasp received dsRNA treatments at doses of (0.5 μL, 1 μL, and 3 μL) and time durations (12, 24, 48, and 72 h), with the most significant gene silencing observed at 3 μL for 48–72 h. Behavioral assays conducted with a Y-tube olfactometer revealed that knockdown of SsOR5 significantly reduced host attraction, while knockdown of SsGRIN2B and SsPDE8A led to moderate reeducations, highlighting the varying contributions of these genes to olfactory drive behavior. This study demonstrates that insecticides induced changes in gene expression can disrupt neural and olfactory pathways essential for host location, and emphasizes the potential of RNAi-based approaches to target behaviorally significant genes, offering new strategies for parasitoid-mediated pest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101734"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive identification and expression profiling of piRNA pathway genes in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas","authors":"Xuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yaru Zhou ,&nbsp;Hong Yu ,&nbsp;Qi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and their associated proteins are key regulators of germline development and genome defense, but their roles in mollusks remain largely unexplored. In this study, we systematically identified 28 piRNA pathway genes in the Pacific oyster <em>Crassostrea gigas</em> and characterized their genomic composition and expression profiles. The oyster piRNA gene repertoire exhibits a mosaic-like architecture, combining deeply conserved components with lineage-specific features, including the presence of vertebrate-type transcription factors such as A-MYB, the absence of the insect-specific RDC complex, and the retention of the exonuclease MUT7, which has been lost in several vertebrate and insect lineages. Transcriptome analyses revealed pronounced tissue-, stage-, and sex-biased expression patterns, consistent with this composite regulatory configuration. Several key factors, including <em>CgPiwil1</em>, <em>CgGtsf1</em>, and <em>CgTdrd5</em> exhibit female-biased expression peaking at the maturation stage of the gonads, whereas <em>CgYthdc2</em>, <em>CgMyb</em>, and <em>CgHsp83</em> show preferential expression in male gonads. Furthermore, <em>CgHsp83</em> displays high expression in gills, suggesting potential multifunctional roles beyond germline regulation. qPCR validation of representative genes confirmed the transcriptome-based patterns. These findings provide the first comprehensive overview of the piRNA pathway in mollusks, reveal both conserved and divergent features compared to model animals, and establish a foundation for future functional studies on germline regulation in bivalves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101739"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Ruiming Ren ,&nbsp;Xingxing Hu ,&nbsp;Shouwen Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiulin Chan ,&nbsp;Yan Zhou ,&nbsp;Wanying Zhai ,&nbsp;Qianghua Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypoxia is a critical environmental stressor that differentially impacts aquatic species. To investigate interspecific variations in hypoxia tolerance, we compared zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) and tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) exposed to progressively decreasing oxygen levels. Behavioral observations revealed that zebrafish exhibited aquatic surface respiration and rapid mortality at 0.7 mg/L dissolved oxygen (DO), whereas tilapia maintained bottom-oriented swimming and higher survival, indicating stronger hypoxia tolerance. Transcriptomic analyses of zebrafish identified heart- and liver-specific gene modules strongly associated with acute hypoxia, with functional enrichment pointing to impaired cell proliferation, heme biosynthesis, and energy metabolism. TUNEL assays further confirmed severe apoptosis in zebrafish liver, underscoring its vulnerability to hypoxic damage. Comparative transcriptomics revealed divergent regulation of ribosome-related pathways: tilapia suppressed ribosomal gene expression and enhanced translation initiation factor activity, while zebrafish maintained protein biosynthesis, potentially exacerbating energy deficits. Metabolic assays showed increased hepatic phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity in zebrafish, suggesting reliance on glycolysis, whereas tilapia exhibited consistently higher basal PFK activity and reduced oxygen consumption under hypoxia, indicating metabolic suppression as an adaptive strategy. Antioxidant analysis revealed a significant decline in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in zebrafish but not tilapia, further reflecting species-specific oxidative stress responses. Together, these findings demonstrate that zebrafish and tilapia employ distinct hypoxia-coping strategies, with tilapia favoring metabolic suppression and oxidative stability, while zebrafish rely on glycolysis but suffer greater oxidative and apoptotic damage under acute hypoxia. These findings also provide new insights into divergent hypoxia adaptation strategies among teleosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101735"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptomics identifies key genes and pathways underlying the early skin coloration in leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus)","authors":"Lei Pang ,&nbsp;Dan Sheng ,&nbsp;Simin Wen ,&nbsp;Lei Fang ,&nbsp;Mouyan Jiang ,&nbsp;Changxu Tian ,&nbsp;Dayan Zhou ,&nbsp;Huapu Chen ,&nbsp;Guangli Li ,&nbsp;Chunhua Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The leopard coral grouper <em>(Plectropomus leopardus)</em> is a valuable marine economic fish, whose body color (especially red coloration) is a key trait determining its economic value. During early development, the body color of this fish transitions from transparent to red, providing an ideal model for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of body color formation. This study selected two critical time points, 26 dph(transparent)and 30 dph(red) post-hatching, to collect transparent skin (TC) and red skin (RC) tissues for comparative transcriptome analysis. Using the thresholds of |Fold Change| ≥ 2 and FDR &lt; 0.05, a total of 1747 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 1213 up-regulated and 534 down-regulated genes, indicating that the formation of red body color involves the coordinated action of multiple genes. Further analysis revealed differential expression of several genes related to body color formation, including carotenoid metabolism-related genes (e.g., <em>scarb1, ttc39b, bco2, fabp2, fabp3, apod, stard9</em>) and melanin synthesis-related genes (e.g., t<em>yr, tyrp1, dct, foxd3a</em>). KEGG enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment of pathways related to lipid metabolism (e.g., steroid biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism), melanin synthesis pathways (e.g., the Wnt signaling pathway and melanogenesis), and other potentially related pathways (e.g., retinol metabolism, insulin signaling pathway, purine metabolism), suggesting these pathways may collectively participate in the regulation of the body color transition. Furthermore, validation of 11 genes by qPCR confirmed the reliability of the RNA-seq data. This study highlights key molecular features during the early transition from transparent to red body color in the leopard coral grouper, providing new experimental evidence and a theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of its body color formation mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative transcriptomics reveals stage-specific molecular mechanisms during early zoeal development in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis","authors":"Peng Huang ,&nbsp;Yu Yao ,&nbsp;Jiancao Gao ,&nbsp;Jinliang Du ,&nbsp;Haojun Zhu ,&nbsp;Dezhi Chen ,&nbsp;Wenyong Chen ,&nbsp;Gangchun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically analyzed the molecular expression patterns across the zoeal stages (ZI to ZV) of the Chinese mitten crab (<em>Eriocheir sinensis</em>) using comparative transcriptomics. It focused on core biological processes, including metabolism, organelle structure, and signal transduction, to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the crab's early development. Based on trend analysis, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) profile of the ZI stage was significantly distinct from that of the other four developmental stages. Genes enriched and highly expressed in ZI were primarily associated with transmembrane signaling and calcium signaling pathways, which support the transition of early larvae from embryonic development to a free-living life. Meanwhile, enzyme activity analysis indicated that ZI activated the body's antioxidant defense system and nonspecific immune capacity. In the ZII-ZIII stages, DEGs were mainly related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structural components and pathways (e.g., ER protein processing and proteasome), suggesting the activation of ER-associated degradation to maintain protein homeostasis during morphological and dietary transitions. In the ZIV-ZV stages, DEGs were predominantly enriched in metabolic pathways (e.g., organic acid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism) and peroxisome/lysosome pathways, which enhance energy supply, exoskeleton sclerotization, immunity, and cell remodeling to facilitate megalopa metamorphosis. Overall, this study sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms underlying zoeal development in <em>E. sinensis</em> and provides theoretical support for aquaculture practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of genes expressed in the pectoral fins and skin of Takifugu rubripes to reveal candidate genes involved in host recognition by the crustacean ectoparasite Caligus fugu","authors":"K.M. Shakil Rana ,&nbsp;Ryohei Matsunaga ,&nbsp;Yoshiki Sato ,&nbsp;Hiroaki Suetake ,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Kikuchi ,&nbsp;Susumu Ohtsuka ,&nbsp;Tomonari Kotani ,&nbsp;Satoshi Tasumi","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The initial detection of host-derived chemical cues is a key physiological event that strongly influences infection success in parasitic copepods such as <em>Caligus fugu</em>. Although ionotropic receptors were previously identified in <em>C. fugu</em> as potential host-sensing molecules, their ligands and specific roles in host recognition remain unknown. Since the infective copepodid I stage preferentially attaches to the fins of the puffer host, genes expressed at higher levels in fins may contribute to host recognition by <em>C. fugu</em>. In this study, differentially expressed genes between the pectoral fins and skin of <em>Takifugu rubripes</em> were comprehensively identified through RNA-seq to expand the list of candidate host-recognition genes beyond those detected earlier. To refine this list, genes expressed at higher levels in pectoral fins that were annotated with the gene ontology term “extracellular region” (Gene Ontology:0005576) were examined for predicted protein features, with emphasis on secreted, soluble molecules that the parasite could encounter in the surrounding water. From an initial set of 126 genes, intracellular and membrane-associated proteins were removed, and those possessing signal peptides or globular domains were retained. The remaining 92 proteins were considered likely secreted, water-soluble host-derived ligands. Relative qPCR analysis highlighted <em>col10a1a</em>, <em>stc2a</em>, <em>mmp9</em>, <em>fibinb</em>, <em>bmp5</em>, <em>c4b</em>, <em>bmp6</em>, and <em>lipg</em> as potential secreted cues for <em>C. fugu</em>. Antimicrobial peptides such as <em>hamp</em> and <em>db1</em> were also identified as candidates. Overall, this study expands the pool of molecules that may function as chemoattractants for <em>C. fugu</em> and provides targets for future experimental validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the mapk gene family in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea): Involvement in immune response to Pseudomonas plecoglossicida infection and hypoxia exposure","authors":"Ziyu Wang ,&nbsp;Ping Han ,&nbsp;Yadong Xue ,&nbsp;Jianming Chen ,&nbsp;Xiumei Liu ,&nbsp;Xubo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinases that can be activated by diverse stimuli. They transmit signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus, regulating various biological processes such as apoptosis, hormone signaling, and immune responses. Members of the MAPK family have been extensively studied in multiple species and have been confirmed as a central hub for regulating antibacterial immunity and hypoxia adaptation in perciform fishes, such as Asian seabass and groupers. Given that the large yellow croaker, as an important mariculture species within this order, faces serious threats from <em>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida</em> infection and hypoxic stress, deciphering the functions of its MAPK family is of significant importance. To this end, this study identified 16 <em>mapk</em> genes in the large yellow croaker. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these <em>mapk</em> genes were classified into three major subfamilies: ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK. Comparative analyses of gene structures and conserved protein motifs demonstrated high conservation among MAPK family members. Meanwhile, RNA-seq data following bacterial and hypoxic stress revealed distinct expression patterns of <em>mapk</em> genes. <em>mapk7</em>, <em>mapk10</em>, and <em>mapk14a</em> exhibited significant differential expression in response to <em>P. plecoglossicida</em> challenge, and <em>mapk7</em>, <em>mapk8b</em>, and <em>mapk14a</em> were significantly induced under hypoxia stress, implying their potential involvement in stress adaptation. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed that MAPK family members (including MAPK3, MAPK7, MAPK8b, MAPK12a, MAPK13, and MAPK14a) in <em>Larimichthys crocea</em> exhibit close interactions with key signaling proteins (such as MAP2K1, c-Fos, AP-1, and MAPKAPK2). These interactions suggested the potential formation of a complex signal transduction network involved in the immune stress response, collectively mediating the immune stress regulation in <em>Larimichthys crocea</em>. These findings enhanced the understanding of environmental adaptation mechanisms in large yellow croaker, and provided crucial candidate target genes and a theoretical basis for in-depth analysis of its molecular responses to pathogen infection and hypoxic stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serine proteases and serine protease inhibitors identified from the venom gland transcriptome of Rhitymna verruca","authors":"Zhi Li,&nbsp;Mengmeng Zhang,&nbsp;Wenhao Yin,&nbsp;Yulin Zheng,&nbsp;Heng Liu,&nbsp;Yu Zhao,&nbsp;Zizhong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Rhitymna verruca</em> is a large nocturnal wandering spider and an important natural predator of agricultural and forestry pests, with its venom playing a key role in prey capture. However, systematic studies on the composition of its venom remain scarce. In this study, we performed an integrated analysis of the venom gland and venom samples using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing combined with quantitative proteomics. The transcriptome yielded 43,244 representative unigene sequences, among which 102 toxin-like sequences were identified through functional annotation, encompassing 13 peptide toxin superfamilies and 7 protein toxin families. Proteomic analysis identified 35 venom components, including 14 peptide toxins and 21 functional proteins. The most abundantly expressed toxin families, Superfamily IX and VII, were highly expressed at both transcriptomic and proteomic levels, suggesting central roles in prey paralysis and neuroregulation. Most peptide toxins possessed ICK or Kunitz domains, indicating high structural stability and potential target specificity. In addition, the venom was rich in auxiliary components such as CAP protein superfamily, hyaluronidases, and metalloproteases, which may contribute to toxin synergy, diffusion, and tissue disruption. This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of the venom composition of <em>R. verruca</em>, offering fundamental insights into its functional mechanisms, evolutionary patterns, and potential applications in the development of novel bioactive agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of quercetin in regulating antioxidant defense and pyroptosis pathways in the redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus)","authors":"Zihan Zhou ,&nbsp;Weiwei Lv ,&nbsp;Qin Si ,&nbsp;Bangyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Aileen Tan Shau Hwai ,&nbsp;Yi Juin Tay ,&nbsp;Mingming Han ,&nbsp;Zhengjun Zhan ,&nbsp;Qichen Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a principal species in freshwater aquaculture, the redclaw crayfish (<em>Cherax quadricarinatus</em>) depends on a competent immune system to mitigate environmental and pathogenic challenges. Quercetin, a ubiquitous plant-derived flavonoid, has garnered scientific attention due to its pleiotropic bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. This study investigated the effects of waterborne quercetin exposure on transcriptional regulation and antioxidant capacity in <em>C. quadricarinatus</em>. Over a 28-day period, crayfish were subjected to five quercetin concentrations (0, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/L), with outcomes evaluated against an untreated control. At the concentration of 5.0 mg/L, which showed the most pronounced effects among the tested concentrations, quercetin exposure was associated with significant downregulation of key transcripts in the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway (NLRP3, GSDMD, Caspase-1), as evidenced by the downregulation of NLRP3, GSDMD, and Caspase-1. Simultaneously, the transcriptional changes were consistent with the modulation/activation of the Nrf2 signaling axis, upregulating the expression of Nrf2, NQO1, and Keap1. These transcriptional changes indicate that quercetin attenuates pyroptosis and augments cellular antioxidant defenses via the Nrf2-Keap1 cascade. Correspondingly, the hepatopancreas displayed markedly elevated activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, accompanied by a significant reduction in MDA levels, indicating enhanced antioxidative capacity and diminished lipid peroxidation. This study provides valuable toxicological insights and elucidates part of the molecular basis for quercetin's immunomodulatory and antioxidant roles in freshwater crustaceans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis of Cuvierian Organs regeneration in the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota","authors":"Xiaoli Zhang ,&nbsp;Renhui Liu ,&nbsp;Hua Ge ,&nbsp;Ting Chen ,&nbsp;Xinyue Ren ,&nbsp;Caixia Long ,&nbsp;Jiasheng Huang ,&nbsp;Wenjie Pan ,&nbsp;Haipeng Qin ,&nbsp;Lihong Yuan ,&nbsp;Aifen Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbd.2025.101729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea cucumbers are renowned for their regenerative capabilities, making them ideal models for studying tissue and organ regeneration. <em>Holothuria leucospilota</em> possesses a unique defensive structure, the Cuvierian organ (CO), which is ejected upon threat and regenerates within weeks. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CO regeneration remain poorly understood. In this study, we induced CO expulsion in <em>H. leucospilota</em> by mechanical stimulation and examined the regeneration process over 31 days. Histological analysis revealed that regeneration initiated with mesothelium formation, followed by connective tissue and epithelium development. Transcriptomic analysis identified numerous differentially expressed genes during regeneration. Key extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes were upregulated, while matrix protease genes were downregulated. Signaling pathways including Wnt and Hippo were suppressed, whereas apoptosis and cell cycle pathways were activated. Additionally, several structural outer-layer proteins showed altered expression. These results indicate that ECM reorganization and coordinated regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis are central to CO regeneration. This study provides important insights into the molecular mechanisms of organ regeneration in echinoderms and offers valuable clues for regenerative studies in higher animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55235,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology D-Genomics & Proteomics","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101729"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145776674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}