Pub Date : 2015-04-03DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1023091
Shahram Mahmoud Soltani, M. Hanafi, S. Wahid, S. Kharidah
Knowledge of zinc (Zn) distribution among various fractions will help to predict the potential of the soil to supply sufficient Zn for crop production. The present study was done to investigate Zn fractions, Zn availability factor (AF) and their relationship with soil properties of Zn-deficient tropical paddy soils. The samples of two soil orders (six soil series) were sequentially extracted with chemical extractants in two different growth stages of rice (maximum tillering and flowering stages). The proportion of Zn fractions extracted at the maximum tillering stage followed the order, water soluble plus exchangeable (WE) < crystalline sesquioxide (Cry) < manganese oxide (MN) < organically bound (Org) < amorphous sesquioxide (Amor) < residual Zn (Res), whereas the order at the flowering stage was as follows: WE < Mn < Cry < Org < Amor < Res. Cation exchange capacity (CEC), clay content and organic carbon (OC) were the most important factors controlling the distribution of Zn in soils. The AF was low in Tok Young (1.79%), high in Telemong (17%) and medium in the rest of soil series (around 8%). A stepwise multiple linear regression and principal component analyses showed that OC, clay content and CEC were the main variables that explained the predictability of Zn fractions. The result of the length of submerging showed that the WE, Org and Cry concentrations decreased, while Amor, MN, and the sum of all Zn fractions increased with increase in the flooding period. The extractability and solid-phase fractionation of Zn in two different times of soil sampling showed the importance of timing of Zn fertilizer application and flooding or pre-flooding in Zn availability.
{"title":"Zinc fractionation of tropical paddy soils and their relationships with selected soil properties","authors":"Shahram Mahmoud Soltani, M. Hanafi, S. Wahid, S. Kharidah","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1023091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1023091","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of zinc (Zn) distribution among various fractions will help to predict the potential of the soil to supply sufficient Zn for crop production. The present study was done to investigate Zn fractions, Zn availability factor (AF) and their relationship with soil properties of Zn-deficient tropical paddy soils. The samples of two soil orders (six soil series) were sequentially extracted with chemical extractants in two different growth stages of rice (maximum tillering and flowering stages). The proportion of Zn fractions extracted at the maximum tillering stage followed the order, water soluble plus exchangeable (WE) < crystalline sesquioxide (Cry) < manganese oxide (MN) < organically bound (Org) < amorphous sesquioxide (Amor) < residual Zn (Res), whereas the order at the flowering stage was as follows: WE < Mn < Cry < Org < Amor < Res. Cation exchange capacity (CEC), clay content and organic carbon (OC) were the most important factors controlling the distribution of Zn in soils. The AF was low in Tok Young (1.79%), high in Telemong (17%) and medium in the rest of soil series (around 8%). A stepwise multiple linear regression and principal component analyses showed that OC, clay content and CEC were the main variables that explained the predictability of Zn fractions. The result of the length of submerging showed that the WE, Org and Cry concentrations decreased, while Amor, MN, and the sum of all Zn fractions increased with increase in the flooding period. The extractability and solid-phase fractionation of Zn in two different times of soil sampling showed the importance of timing of Zn fertilizer application and flooding or pre-flooding in Zn availability.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"27 1","pages":"53 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1023091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60038296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-03DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1087162
Fei Gao, Yingwen Xue, P. Deng, Xiaoru Cheng, Kai Yang
Abstract Water contamination by ammonium ions presents huge risks to the ecosystems. This work evaluated the potential of biochar as an alternative adsorbent to remove ammonium from aqueous solutions. Nine types of biochars were converted from three types of agricultural residuals at three pyrolysis temperatures. Batch sorption experiment showed that all the biochars effectively removed ammonium ions from water. The biochars produced at low pyrolysis temperatures, however, showed higher sorption of ammonium. The low-temperature biochars showed relatively fast sorption kinetics of ammonium, which reached equilibrium around 10 h. Sorption isotherms showed that the low-temperature biochars had high sorption capacities to the ammonium, and the Langmuir maximum capacities were all higher than 200 mg/g. Batch sorption experiments also showed the sorption of ammonium onto the biochar was affected by pH and temperature, but not by ionic strength. The biochar showed good sorption ability to ammonium in aqueous solutions under all of the tested conditions. Findings from this work indicated that biochar could be used as an alternative adsorbent for the treatment of ammonium in water.
{"title":"Removal of aqueous ammonium by biochars derived from agricultural residuals at different pyrolysis temperatures","authors":"Fei Gao, Yingwen Xue, P. Deng, Xiaoru Cheng, Kai Yang","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1087162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1087162","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Water contamination by ammonium ions presents huge risks to the ecosystems. This work evaluated the potential of biochar as an alternative adsorbent to remove ammonium from aqueous solutions. Nine types of biochars were converted from three types of agricultural residuals at three pyrolysis temperatures. Batch sorption experiment showed that all the biochars effectively removed ammonium ions from water. The biochars produced at low pyrolysis temperatures, however, showed higher sorption of ammonium. The low-temperature biochars showed relatively fast sorption kinetics of ammonium, which reached equilibrium around 10 h. Sorption isotherms showed that the low-temperature biochars had high sorption capacities to the ammonium, and the Langmuir maximum capacities were all higher than 200 mg/g. Batch sorption experiments also showed the sorption of ammonium onto the biochar was affected by pH and temperature, but not by ionic strength. The biochar showed good sorption ability to ammonium in aqueous solutions under all of the tested conditions. Findings from this work indicated that biochar could be used as an alternative adsorbent for the treatment of ammonium in water.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"27 1","pages":"92 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1087162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60038725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1023088
E. Guerra, Y. Martínez, José Daniel Martínez, M. L. Araujo, F. Brito, Edgar del Carpio, Lino Hernández, V. Lubes
In this work, we present the results of the speciation of the ternary vanadium(III)–cysteine (H2Cys) complexes with the amino acids glycine (HGly), proline (HPro), α-alanine (HαAla), β-alanine (HβAla), histidine (HHis), aspartic acid (H2Asp), and glutamic acid (H2Glu), studied by the measurements of electromotive forces, emf(H), using 3.0 mol dm−3 KCl as the ionic medium at 25 °C. The experimental data were analyzed by means of the computational least-squares program LETAGROP, taking into account the hydrolysis of the vanadium(III) cation, the respective stability constants of the binary complexes, and the acid base reactions of the amino acids, which were kept fixed during the analysis. In the vanadium(III)–cysteine-amino acid (HB) systems, where HB represents the bidentate ligands, the formations of the ternary complexes [V(Cys)(HB)]+, V(Cys)(B), [V(Cys)(B)(OH)]−, and [V(Cys)(B)(OH)2]2− were observed. In the vanadium(III)-H2Cys-HHis system, the formations of the complexes [V(HCys)(HHis)]2+, [V(HCys)(His)]+, V(Cys)(His), and [V(Cys)(His)(OH)]− were detected; in the vanadium(III)-H2Cys-H2Asp system, the complexes [V(H2Cys)(HAsp)]2+, [V(HCys)(HAsp)]+, V(HCys)(Asp), [V(Cys)(Asp)]−,and [V(Cys)(Asp)(OH)]2− were detected; and finally, in the vanadium(III)-H2Cys-H2Glu system, the complexes [V(H2Cys)(HGlu)]2+, [V(HCys)(HGlu)]+, V(Cys)(HGlu), and [V(Cys)(HGlu)(OH)]− were observed. The species distribution diagrams as a function of pH are briefly discussed.
{"title":"Potentiometric studies on the formation equilibria of ternary complexes of vanadium(III) with cysteine and some amino acids","authors":"E. Guerra, Y. Martínez, José Daniel Martínez, M. L. Araujo, F. Brito, Edgar del Carpio, Lino Hernández, V. Lubes","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1023088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1023088","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present the results of the speciation of the ternary vanadium(III)–cysteine (H2Cys) complexes with the amino acids glycine (HGly), proline (HPro), α-alanine (HαAla), β-alanine (HβAla), histidine (HHis), aspartic acid (H2Asp), and glutamic acid (H2Glu), studied by the measurements of electromotive forces, emf(H), using 3.0 mol dm−3 KCl as the ionic medium at 25 °C. The experimental data were analyzed by means of the computational least-squares program LETAGROP, taking into account the hydrolysis of the vanadium(III) cation, the respective stability constants of the binary complexes, and the acid base reactions of the amino acids, which were kept fixed during the analysis. In the vanadium(III)–cysteine-amino acid (HB) systems, where HB represents the bidentate ligands, the formations of the ternary complexes [V(Cys)(HB)]+, V(Cys)(B), [V(Cys)(B)(OH)]−, and [V(Cys)(B)(OH)2]2− were observed. In the vanadium(III)-H2Cys-HHis system, the formations of the complexes [V(HCys)(HHis)]2+, [V(HCys)(His)]+, V(Cys)(His), and [V(Cys)(His)(OH)]− were detected; in the vanadium(III)-H2Cys-H2Asp system, the complexes [V(H2Cys)(HAsp)]2+, [V(HCys)(HAsp)]+, V(HCys)(Asp), [V(Cys)(Asp)]−,and [V(Cys)(Asp)(OH)]2− were detected; and finally, in the vanadium(III)-H2Cys-H2Glu system, the complexes [V(H2Cys)(HGlu)]2+, [V(HCys)(HGlu)]+, V(Cys)(HGlu), and [V(Cys)(HGlu)(OH)]− were observed. The species distribution diagrams as a function of pH are briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"27 1","pages":"22 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1023088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60038325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1023086
Ali Reza Harifi‐Mood, Fatemeh Hadavand-Mirzaie
Waste sugar beet pulp has been used as adsorbent for the removal of a hazardous cationic dye, Basic violet 16, from its aqueous solution. Adsorption of the dye was studied as function of time, pH of the solution, dosage of the adsorbent, sieve size of the particles, concentration of the dye, and temperature. The initial pH of the dye solution did not affect the chemistry of the dye molecule and the surface of beet pulp. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were successfully employed, and on the basis of these models, the thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. Adsorption of Basic violet 16 on beet pulp was found to be an exothermic reaction. Time contact studies showed that more than 80% adsorption of the dye is achieved in less than 1 h. Kinetics investigations confirmed both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order behaviors; on the other hand, it shows that the intraparticle diffusion step is not the only rate-controlling step in all concentrations.
{"title":"Adsorption of Basic violet 16 from aqueous solutions by waste sugar beet pulp: kinetic, thermodynamic, and equilibrium isotherm studies","authors":"Ali Reza Harifi‐Mood, Fatemeh Hadavand-Mirzaie","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1023086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1023086","url":null,"abstract":"Waste sugar beet pulp has been used as adsorbent for the removal of a hazardous cationic dye, Basic violet 16, from its aqueous solution. Adsorption of the dye was studied as function of time, pH of the solution, dosage of the adsorbent, sieve size of the particles, concentration of the dye, and temperature. The initial pH of the dye solution did not affect the chemistry of the dye molecule and the surface of beet pulp. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were successfully employed, and on the basis of these models, the thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. Adsorption of Basic violet 16 on beet pulp was found to be an exothermic reaction. Time contact studies showed that more than 80% adsorption of the dye is achieved in less than 1 h. Kinetics investigations confirmed both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order behaviors; on the other hand, it shows that the intraparticle diffusion step is not the only rate-controlling step in all concentrations.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"27 1","pages":"14 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1023086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60038119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1023090
B. Roshanravan, Shahram Mahmoud Soltani, S. Rashid, Fariba Mahdavi, M. K. Yusop
The use of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) has become a new trend to minimize environmental pollution. In this study, urea–kaolinite containing 20 wt% urea after one hour dry grinding was mixed with different concentrations of chitosan as a binder to prepare nitrogen-based CRF. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the hydrogen bonding between urea and kaolinite. Covalent interaction between urea–kaolinite and chitosan make the granules stronger. The nitrogen release was measured in 5 days interval using a diacetylmonoxime calorimetric method at a wavelength of 527 nm. The results illustrated that by increasing the chitosan concentration from 3 to 7.5%, nitrogen release decreased from 41.23 to 25.25% after one day and from 77.31 to 59.27% after 30 days incubation in water. Compressive stress at break tests confirmed that granules with chitosan 6% had the highest resistance and were chosen for ammonia volatilization tests. Ammonia volatilization was carried out using the forced-draft technique for a period of 10 weeks. The results showed that the total amount of ammonia loss for conventional urea fertilizer and urea–kaolinite–chitosan granules was 68.63 and 56.75%, respectively. This controlled release product could be applied in agricultural crop production purpose due to its controlled solubility in the soil, high nutrient use efficiency and potential economic benefits.
{"title":"Enhancement of nitrogen release properties of urea–kaolinite fertilizer with chitosan binder","authors":"B. Roshanravan, Shahram Mahmoud Soltani, S. Rashid, Fariba Mahdavi, M. K. Yusop","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1023090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1023090","url":null,"abstract":"The use of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) has become a new trend to minimize environmental pollution. In this study, urea–kaolinite containing 20 wt% urea after one hour dry grinding was mixed with different concentrations of chitosan as a binder to prepare nitrogen-based CRF. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the hydrogen bonding between urea and kaolinite. Covalent interaction between urea–kaolinite and chitosan make the granules stronger. The nitrogen release was measured in 5 days interval using a diacetylmonoxime calorimetric method at a wavelength of 527 nm. The results illustrated that by increasing the chitosan concentration from 3 to 7.5%, nitrogen release decreased from 41.23 to 25.25% after one day and from 77.31 to 59.27% after 30 days incubation in water. Compressive stress at break tests confirmed that granules with chitosan 6% had the highest resistance and were chosen for ammonia volatilization tests. Ammonia volatilization was carried out using the forced-draft technique for a period of 10 weeks. The results showed that the total amount of ammonia loss for conventional urea fertilizer and urea–kaolinite–chitosan granules was 68.63 and 56.75%, respectively. This controlled release product could be applied in agricultural crop production purpose due to its controlled solubility in the soil, high nutrient use efficiency and potential economic benefits.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"27 1","pages":"44 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1023090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60038088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1023087
A. Esteves, J. Escobar, José Daniel Martínez, M. L. Araujo, F. Brito, Lino Hernández, Edgar del Carpio, V. Lubes
The ternary complexes formed between vanadium(III) and picolinic acid (Hpic) and dipicolinic acid (H2dipic) with the dicarboxylic oxalic, malonic, and phthalic acids (H2ox), (H2mal), and (H2phtha) briefly (H2L) were studied in aqueous solution by means of electromotive forces’ measurements emf(H) at 25 °C and 3.0 mol dm−3 KCl as ionic medium. The potentiometric data were analyzed using the least-squares computational program LETAGROP, considering the hydrolysis products of the V(III), the acidity constants of the ligands employed, and the formation constants of the binary complexes, obtaining the complexes V(pic)(ox), log β1,1,1,−3 = 5.39(7) and [V(pic)2(ox)]−, log β1,2,1,−4 = 4.3(1); V(pic)(ma), log β1,1,1,−3 = 5.58(5) and [V(pic)2(ox)]−, log β1,2,1,−4 = 5.00(8); V(pic)(phtha), log β1,1,1,−3 = 5.66(6) and [V(pic)2(phtha)]− log β1,2,1,−4 = 4.5(2) in the vanadium(III)-Hpic-H2L system. In the case of the vanadium(III)-H2dipic-H2L system, the complexes [V(dipic)(ox)]−, log1,1,1,−4 β = 9.3(2), [V(dipic)(Hox)(ox)]2−, log β1,1,2,−5 = 11.2(2) and [V(dipic)(ox)2]3−, log β1,1,2,.6 = 5.7 max 7.0; [V(dipic)(ma)]−, log β1,1,1,−4 = 8.7(2), [V(dipic)(Hma)(ma)]2−, log β1,1,2,−5 = 10.3(1) and [V(dipic)(ma)2]3−, log β1,1,2,.6 = 6.9(1); [V(dipic)(phtha)]−, log β1,1,1,−4 = 10.9(1), [V(dipic)(Hphtha)(phtha)]2−, log β1,1,2,−5 = 9.2 max 10.4 and [V(dipic)(phtha)2]3−, log β1,1,2,.6 = 6.9(3) were observed.
{"title":"Mixed-ligand complex formation equilibria of vanadium(III) with picolinic and dipicolinic acids with some dicarboxylic acids (oxalic, malonic, and phthalic acids) studied in 3.0 M KCl at 25 °C","authors":"A. Esteves, J. Escobar, José Daniel Martínez, M. L. Araujo, F. Brito, Lino Hernández, Edgar del Carpio, V. Lubes","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1023087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1023087","url":null,"abstract":"The ternary complexes formed between vanadium(III) and picolinic acid (Hpic) and dipicolinic acid (H2dipic) with the dicarboxylic oxalic, malonic, and phthalic acids (H2ox), (H2mal), and (H2phtha) briefly (H2L) were studied in aqueous solution by means of electromotive forces’ measurements emf(H) at 25 °C and 3.0 mol dm−3 KCl as ionic medium. The potentiometric data were analyzed using the least-squares computational program LETAGROP, considering the hydrolysis products of the V(III), the acidity constants of the ligands employed, and the formation constants of the binary complexes, obtaining the complexes V(pic)(ox), log β1,1,1,−3 = 5.39(7) and [V(pic)2(ox)]−, log β1,2,1,−4 = 4.3(1); V(pic)(ma), log β1,1,1,−3 = 5.58(5) and [V(pic)2(ox)]−, log β1,2,1,−4 = 5.00(8); V(pic)(phtha), log β1,1,1,−3 = 5.66(6) and [V(pic)2(phtha)]− log β1,2,1,−4 = 4.5(2) in the vanadium(III)-Hpic-H2L system. In the case of the vanadium(III)-H2dipic-H2L system, the complexes [V(dipic)(ox)]−, log1,1,1,−4 β = 9.3(2), [V(dipic)(Hox)(ox)]2−, log β1,1,2,−5 = 11.2(2) and [V(dipic)(ox)2]3−, log β1,1,2,.6 = 5.7 max 7.0; [V(dipic)(ma)]−, log β1,1,1,−4 = 8.7(2), [V(dipic)(Hma)(ma)]2−, log β1,1,2,−5 = 10.3(1) and [V(dipic)(ma)2]3−, log β1,1,2,.6 = 6.9(1); [V(dipic)(phtha)]−, log β1,1,1,−4 = 10.9(1), [V(dipic)(Hphtha)(phtha)]2−, log β1,1,2,−5 = 9.2 max 10.4 and [V(dipic)(phtha)2]3−, log β1,1,2,.6 = 6.9(3) were observed.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"27 1","pages":"15 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1023087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60038262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1023085
Y. Bulu, M. Adewole
The impact of crude oil-contaminated soil on the shoot and root biomass yield and nutrients uptake of Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. using two types of composted manure (COM) as soil amendments were investigated. This was with a view to assessing the growth response of the test plant under different levels of crude oil soil contamination. Five levels [0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% (v/v)] of crude oil, each was replicated thrice to contaminate 3 kg of soil when 12 g pot−1 COM; 12 g pot−1 neem-fortified composted manure (NCM) and control, soil without manure application (C) were imposed as manure treatments. The mean fresh shoot biomass yield at zero crude oil soil contamination and with COM application was 2.67 g pot−1. This value was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than 2.05 g pot−1 for NCM and 1.67 g pot−1 for the control. Also, the mean fresh root yield at zero crude oil soil contamination with COM application was 4.02 g pot−1. This value was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than 2.41 g pot−1 for NCM and 1.71 g pot−1 for the control. The dry shoot and root biomass yield followed similar pattern. The shoot and root yield of C. mucunoides significantly (p < 0.05) reduced with increase in crude oil soil contamination. The nutrients uptake of C. mucunoides, particularly N, P, Ca, Mg, and Fe, were enhanced with COM fertilization having higher available P, K, and Na values; and by implication, suggesting the importance of adequately formulated composted manure usage in the rehabilitation studies of crude oil-contaminated soil.
原油污染土壤对甘露茎、根生物量产量及养分吸收的影响。研究了两种有机肥作为土壤改良剂的效果。这是为了评价试验植物在不同程度原油土壤污染下的生长响应。5个水平[0、2.5、5、10和20% (v/v)]的原油，每个水平重复3次，当12克罐- 1 COM时污染3公斤土壤;施用12g盆栽- 1氮肥强化堆肥(NCM)和对照、不施肥土壤(C)作为肥料处理。在无原油土壤污染和施用COM的条件下，平均鲜梢生物量产量为2.67 g。该值显著(p < 0.05)高于NCM组的2.05 g pot - 1和对照组的1.67 g pot - 1。此外，在原油土壤污染为零的情况下，施用COM的平均鲜根产量为4.02 g pot - 1。该值显著(p < 0.05)高于NCM组的2.41 g pot - 1和对照组的1.71 g pot - 1。干梢和根系生物量产量的变化规律相似。随着原油土壤污染程度的增加，麻豆茎、根产量显著降低(p < 0.05)。COM施肥提高了速效P、K和Na值，提高了麻豆对养分的吸收，特别是对N、P、Ca、Mg和Fe的吸收;并暗示了合理施用有机肥在原油污染土壤修复研究中的重要性。
{"title":"Organic fertilizer applications influence on the shoot and root biomass production and plant nutrient of Calopogonium mucunoides from crude oil-contaminated soils","authors":"Y. Bulu, M. Adewole","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1023085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1023085","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of crude oil-contaminated soil on the shoot and root biomass yield and nutrients uptake of Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. using two types of composted manure (COM) as soil amendments were investigated. This was with a view to assessing the growth response of the test plant under different levels of crude oil soil contamination. Five levels [0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% (v/v)] of crude oil, each was replicated thrice to contaminate 3 kg of soil when 12 g pot−1 COM; 12 g pot−1 neem-fortified composted manure (NCM) and control, soil without manure application (C) were imposed as manure treatments. The mean fresh shoot biomass yield at zero crude oil soil contamination and with COM application was 2.67 g pot−1. This value was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than 2.05 g pot−1 for NCM and 1.67 g pot−1 for the control. Also, the mean fresh root yield at zero crude oil soil contamination with COM application was 4.02 g pot−1. This value was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than 2.41 g pot−1 for NCM and 1.71 g pot−1 for the control. The dry shoot and root biomass yield followed similar pattern. The shoot and root yield of C. mucunoides significantly (p < 0.05) reduced with increase in crude oil soil contamination. The nutrients uptake of C. mucunoides, particularly N, P, Ca, Mg, and Fe, were enhanced with COM fertilization having higher available P, K, and Na values; and by implication, suggesting the importance of adequately formulated composted manure usage in the rehabilitation studies of crude oil-contaminated soil.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"27 1","pages":"2 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1023085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60038070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1026724
B. Gao, Jing-fu Liu
The natural environment is central to life and provides essential support to the ecosystem and to society. It is our responsibility to maintain the safety and sustainability of the environment upon which we depend. However, many human activates have often resulted in undesirable impacts on the natural environment. Chemicals of anthropogenic sources have been released into the natural environment, both unintentionally and deliberately. Thus, it is crucial that we learn the lessons of the past, as well as advance current knowledge of the fate and impacts of these chemicals on the environment. Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability is a scholarly peer-reviewed journal that covers research in environmental science and pollution, with the aim of improving environmental safety and sustainability. Recently, Taylor & Francis took over the publication of Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability and invited us to serve as coeditors of the journal. We felt very honoured and gladly accepted these positions. We are very much aware of the challenges ahead, but also cherish this great opportunity to work together to promote research in chemistry and environmental science. Both of us have educational and research backgrounds in environmental chemistry and long-standing research interests in environmental fate, transport and the impacts of chemical pollutants. We believe that our previous experiences and shared interests will be very helpful for us as co-editors of the journal. We envision that Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability will continue to serve the international research community as a forum for insights on the chemical aspects of occurrence, distribution, transport, transformation, transfer, fate and the effects of substances in the environment and biota, and their impacts on the uptake of these substances by living organisms. Whilst the environmental impacts of chemicals from anthropogenic and natural sources are of interest to the journal, we especially welcome submissions of original research, reviews and communications on emerging contaminants, such as engineered nanomaterials and chemicals of emerging concerns (i.e. pharmaceuticals and personal care products). The full aims and scope of Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability can be found on the journal’s homepage, along with submission instructions and latest articles for viewing or download. The quality of the journal will strongly depend on the rigorousness of the peer-review processes to both critique and improve the quality of the research and to improve the presentation and readability of the work. We really appreciate the work and efforts of the referees for Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability, who volunteer their time and share their expertise. We are counting on you to maintain the high standards of the journal. For authors, the journal will retain its quality and impact, thus making it a more attractive venue to publish your original research papers, short communications, review articles, pe
{"title":"Keep the environment safe: the viewpoints of chemical speciation and bioavailability","authors":"B. Gao, Jing-fu Liu","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1026724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1026724","url":null,"abstract":"The natural environment is central to life and provides essential support to the ecosystem and to society. It is our responsibility to maintain the safety and sustainability of the environment upon which we depend. However, many human activates have often resulted in undesirable impacts on the natural environment. Chemicals of anthropogenic sources have been released into the natural environment, both unintentionally and deliberately. Thus, it is crucial that we learn the lessons of the past, as well as advance current knowledge of the fate and impacts of these chemicals on the environment. Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability is a scholarly peer-reviewed journal that covers research in environmental science and pollution, with the aim of improving environmental safety and sustainability. Recently, Taylor & Francis took over the publication of Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability and invited us to serve as coeditors of the journal. We felt very honoured and gladly accepted these positions. We are very much aware of the challenges ahead, but also cherish this great opportunity to work together to promote research in chemistry and environmental science. Both of us have educational and research backgrounds in environmental chemistry and long-standing research interests in environmental fate, transport and the impacts of chemical pollutants. We believe that our previous experiences and shared interests will be very helpful for us as co-editors of the journal. We envision that Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability will continue to serve the international research community as a forum for insights on the chemical aspects of occurrence, distribution, transport, transformation, transfer, fate and the effects of substances in the environment and biota, and their impacts on the uptake of these substances by living organisms. Whilst the environmental impacts of chemicals from anthropogenic and natural sources are of interest to the journal, we especially welcome submissions of original research, reviews and communications on emerging contaminants, such as engineered nanomaterials and chemicals of emerging concerns (i.e. pharmaceuticals and personal care products). The full aims and scope of Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability can be found on the journal’s homepage, along with submission instructions and latest articles for viewing or download. The quality of the journal will strongly depend on the rigorousness of the peer-review processes to both critique and improve the quality of the research and to improve the presentation and readability of the work. We really appreciate the work and efforts of the referees for Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability, who volunteer their time and share their expertise. We are counting on you to maintain the high standards of the journal. For authors, the journal will retain its quality and impact, thus making it a more attractive venue to publish your original research papers, short communications, review articles, pe","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"27 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1026724","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60038538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1023089
A. Naji, T. Sohrabi
This study concentrates on the speciation and distribution patterns of some heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cd, Zn, and Cu) in surface sediments in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, the biggest lake in the world, to obtain an overall classification for the origins of metals in the area using a sequential extraction technique. At all sampling stations, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Cu were mostly (>50%) accumulated in the resistant fraction, which indicated that there were no significant anthropogenic inputs of Pb, Ni, Zn, and Cu into the surface sediments of the south Caspian Sea. Guilan province on the west coast of Caspian Sea accumulated higher percentages of non-resistant fractions of Pb and Zn, while Mazandaran and Golestan provinces in the middle and western parts of the Caspian Sea, in the Iranian zone, accumulated higher percentages of non-resistant fractions of Ni and Cu. The present study revealed that the coastal area of the south Caspian Sea is still not seriously contaminated. Cadmium in Guilan and Golestan provinces were dominated by non-resistant fractions (55–69%), which indicated more anthropogenic inputs of Cd on the south coast of the Caspian Sea in comparison with other metals.
{"title":"Distribution and contamination pattern of heavy metals from surface sediments in the southern part of Caspian Sea, Iran","authors":"A. Naji, T. Sohrabi","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1023089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1023089","url":null,"abstract":"This study concentrates on the speciation and distribution patterns of some heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cd, Zn, and Cu) in surface sediments in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, the biggest lake in the world, to obtain an overall classification for the origins of metals in the area using a sequential extraction technique. At all sampling stations, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Cu were mostly (>50%) accumulated in the resistant fraction, which indicated that there were no significant anthropogenic inputs of Pb, Ni, Zn, and Cu into the surface sediments of the south Caspian Sea. Guilan province on the west coast of Caspian Sea accumulated higher percentages of non-resistant fractions of Pb and Zn, while Mazandaran and Golestan provinces in the middle and western parts of the Caspian Sea, in the Iranian zone, accumulated higher percentages of non-resistant fractions of Ni and Cu. The present study revealed that the coastal area of the south Caspian Sea is still not seriously contaminated. Cadmium in Guilan and Golestan provinces were dominated by non-resistant fractions (55–69%), which indicated more anthropogenic inputs of Cd on the south coast of the Caspian Sea in comparison with other metals.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"22 1","pages":"29 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1023089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60037936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.3184/095422914X13884191074459
B. Veeraswami, P. Bhushanavathi, U. Viplavaprasad, G. Nageswara Rao
Abstract Chemical speciation of ternary complexes of Ca(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) with L-proline and L-valine was studied in various concentrations (0–60% v/v) of acetonitrile–water mixtures maintaining an ionic strength of 0.16 mol L-1 at 303.0 K. Alkalimetric titrations were carried out with different relative concentrations (M: L: X = 1:2.5:2.5, 1:2.5:5.0, 1:5.0:2.5) of metal (M) to L-proline (L) to L-valine (X). Stability constants of ternary complexes were calculated and various models were refined with MINIQUAD75. The best-fit chemical models were selected based on statistical parameters and residual analysis. The trend of the variation in the stability constants with changing dielectric constant (D) of the medium was explained based on the electrostatic interactions of the ligands, charge neutralisation, chelate effect, stacking interactions and hydrogen bonding. Distribution diagrams with pH at different compositions of aqua-organic mixtures and structures of plausible ternary complexes were also presented.
{"title":"Speciation of ternary complexes of Ca(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) with L-proline and L-valine in acetonitrile–water mixtures","authors":"B. Veeraswami, P. Bhushanavathi, U. Viplavaprasad, G. Nageswara Rao","doi":"10.3184/095422914X13884191074459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3184/095422914X13884191074459","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chemical speciation of ternary complexes of Ca(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) with L-proline and L-valine was studied in various concentrations (0–60% v/v) of acetonitrile–water mixtures maintaining an ionic strength of 0.16 mol L-1 at 303.0 K. Alkalimetric titrations were carried out with different relative concentrations (M: L: X = 1:2.5:2.5, 1:2.5:5.0, 1:5.0:2.5) of metal (M) to L-proline (L) to L-valine (X). Stability constants of ternary complexes were calculated and various models were refined with MINIQUAD75. The best-fit chemical models were selected based on statistical parameters and residual analysis. The trend of the variation in the stability constants with changing dielectric constant (D) of the medium was explained based on the electrostatic interactions of the ligands, charge neutralisation, chelate effect, stacking interactions and hydrogen bonding. Distribution diagrams with pH at different compositions of aqua-organic mixtures and structures of plausible ternary complexes were also presented.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"26 1","pages":"13 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3184/095422914X13884191074459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69662424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：