Abstract Heavy metal contamination of soil poses risks and hazards to environment and human being. Many amendments were used to remediate the contaminated soil. In this report, paper sludge was used to reduce the bioavailability of Pb in soil, and the remediation mechanism was studied by investigating the redistribution of Pb speciation after paper sludge addition. In pot experiments, significantly increased weights of shoots (from 1.6 to 3.3 mg per plant) and roots (from 0.7 to 0.8 mg per plant), as well as significantly decreased Pb content in shoots (from 153.8 to 24.4 mg kg−1) and roots (from 467.1 to 38.0 mg kg−1) of rape were observed after paper sludge was added. The addition of paper sludge resulted in redistribution of Pb from the liable fractions (carbonate-bound Pb from 58.3 to 3.7%) to the Fe–Mn oxide-bound fraction (from 29.2 to 74.9%). Paper sludge addition increased the content of organic matters and pH of soil, and induced Pb redistribution, which ultimately inhibited Pb uptake and improved plant growth.
土壤重金属污染给环境和人类带来了风险和危害。许多改良剂被用来修复被污染的土壤。本研究利用纸污泥降低土壤中铅的生物有效性，并通过研究添加纸污泥后铅形态的再分布来研究其修复机制。盆栽试验中，添加纸污泥显著提高了油菜茎部(从1.6 mg /株增加到3.3 mg /株)和根系(从0.7 mg /株增加到0.8 mg /株)的质量，显著降低了油菜茎部(从153.8 mg / kg - 1减少到24.4 mg / kg - 1)和根系(从467.1 mg / kg - 1减少到38.0 mg / kg - 1) Pb含量。纸污泥的添加导致铅从易受影响的组分(碳酸盐结合的Pb从58.3增加到3.7%)重新分布到铁锰结合的组分(从29.2增加到74.9%)。添加纸污泥可提高土壤有机质含量和pH值，诱导铅重新分布，最终抑制植物对铅的吸收，促进植物生长。
{"title":"Effects of paper sludge addition on the bioavailability and distribution of Pb in contaminated soil","authors":"Nannan Zhao, Xiaoming He, Zhenshanl Li, Huazhang Zhao","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1121519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1121519","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Heavy metal contamination of soil poses risks and hazards to environment and human being. Many amendments were used to remediate the contaminated soil. In this report, paper sludge was used to reduce the bioavailability of Pb in soil, and the remediation mechanism was studied by investigating the redistribution of Pb speciation after paper sludge addition. In pot experiments, significantly increased weights of shoots (from 1.6 to 3.3 mg per plant) and roots (from 0.7 to 0.8 mg per plant), as well as significantly decreased Pb content in shoots (from 153.8 to 24.4 mg kg−1) and roots (from 467.1 to 38.0 mg kg−1) of rape were observed after paper sludge was added. The addition of paper sludge resulted in redistribution of Pb from the liable fractions (carbonate-bound Pb from 58.3 to 3.7%) to the Fe–Mn oxide-bound fraction (from 29.2 to 74.9%). Paper sludge addition increased the content of organic matters and pH of soil, and induced Pb redistribution, which ultimately inhibited Pb uptake and improved plant growth.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"27 1","pages":"169 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1121519","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60039701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1095656
Fazilah Abd. Manan, Wee Han Chia, N. Othman, D. Mamat, Chun Shiong Chong, A. A. Samad, Tsun-Thai Chai
Abstract Plants normally change their physiological and biochemical properties when exposed to heavy metal stress. We investigated the response of Orthosiphon stamineus towards different concentrations of Pb (0, 2, 5, 8 mg/L) and Cu (1, 2, 4, 5 mg/L). Heavy metals left in soil, plant physical characteristics, and the level of antioxidants in O. stamineus were determined. Our results showed that the tested Pb concentrations did not significantly affect stem elongation, but at 2 mg/L, Pb increased the leaf growth. Pb at 5 and 8 mg/L increased the total plant biomass. In contrast, 5 mg/L Cu treatment affected stem elongation and the root length of O. stamineus. The concentrations of Pb and Cu in soil were significantly reduced after the plants were harvested. Biochemically, 5 mg/L Pb had significantly increased the activity of catalase, while Cu at 5 mg/L significantly reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase. Total flavonoid content increased in Pb-treated plants, but the total phenolics content decreased. Cu treatment at 2 mg/L, on the other hand increased the total phenolics content. Our results demonstrated that O. stamineus adapt to metal stress via physical changes, and scavenge oxygen radicals through enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant productions.
{"title":"Physical and antioxidative responses of Orthosiphon stamineus towards various copper and lead concentrations","authors":"Fazilah Abd. Manan, Wee Han Chia, N. Othman, D. Mamat, Chun Shiong Chong, A. A. Samad, Tsun-Thai Chai","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1095656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1095656","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Plants normally change their physiological and biochemical properties when exposed to heavy metal stress. We investigated the response of Orthosiphon stamineus towards different concentrations of Pb (0, 2, 5, 8 mg/L) and Cu (1, 2, 4, 5 mg/L). Heavy metals left in soil, plant physical characteristics, and the level of antioxidants in O. stamineus were determined. Our results showed that the tested Pb concentrations did not significantly affect stem elongation, but at 2 mg/L, Pb increased the leaf growth. Pb at 5 and 8 mg/L increased the total plant biomass. In contrast, 5 mg/L Cu treatment affected stem elongation and the root length of O. stamineus. The concentrations of Pb and Cu in soil were significantly reduced after the plants were harvested. Biochemically, 5 mg/L Pb had significantly increased the activity of catalase, while Cu at 5 mg/L significantly reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase. Total flavonoid content increased in Pb-treated plants, but the total phenolics content decreased. Cu treatment at 2 mg/L, on the other hand increased the total phenolics content. Our results demonstrated that O. stamineus adapt to metal stress via physical changes, and scavenge oxygen radicals through enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant productions.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"27 1","pages":"106 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1095656","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60038444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1087161
Bogi Srinu, V. Gowri Kumari, C. Nageswara Rao, B. Sailaja
Abstract Knowledge of the protonation constants of dipeptides is important and necessary for complete understanding of their physiochemical behavior. The effect of dielectric constant of medium on protonation equilibria has been studied by determining protonation constants of glycylglycine pH-metrically in various concentrations (0–60%v/v) of acetonitrile–water and ethylene glycol–water mixtures, at an ionic strength of 0.16 mol L−1 and at 303.0 ± 0.1 K. The protonation constants were calculated with the computer program MINIQUAD75 and selection of the best fit chemical models is based on the statistical parameters. Linear and non-linear variations of stepwise protonation constants with reciprocal of dielectric constant of the solvent mixtures have been attributed to the dominance of electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces, respectively. Distribution of species, protonation equilibria, and effect of influential parameters on the protonation constants have also been presented.
{"title":"Evaluation of protonation constants of glycylglycine in acetonitrile– and ethylene glycol–water mixtures","authors":"Bogi Srinu, V. Gowri Kumari, C. Nageswara Rao, B. Sailaja","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1087161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1087161","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Knowledge of the protonation constants of dipeptides is important and necessary for complete understanding of their physiochemical behavior. The effect of dielectric constant of medium on protonation equilibria has been studied by determining protonation constants of glycylglycine pH-metrically in various concentrations (0–60%v/v) of acetonitrile–water and ethylene glycol–water mixtures, at an ionic strength of 0.16 mol L−1 and at 303.0 ± 0.1 K. The protonation constants were calculated with the computer program MINIQUAD75 and selection of the best fit chemical models is based on the statistical parameters. Linear and non-linear variations of stepwise protonation constants with reciprocal of dielectric constant of the solvent mixtures have been attributed to the dominance of electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces, respectively. Distribution of species, protonation equilibria, and effect of influential parameters on the protonation constants have also been presented.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"145 1","pages":"105 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1087161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60038612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1087159
V. Kumari, M. Ramanaiah, B. Sailaja
Abstract Speciation of binary complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) with L-phenylalanine (Phe) in the presence of water–anionic surfactant mixtures in the concentration range of 0.0–2.5% w/v SLS has been studied pH-metrically at a temperature of 303 K and at an ionic strength of 0.16 mol L−1. The selection of best fit chemical models is based on statistical parameters and residual analysis. The predominant species detected were ML, ML2, and ML2H2 for Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II). The trend in the variation of stability constants with the mole fraction of SLS was explained on the basis of electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces. Distribution of the species with pH at different compositions of SLS–water media was also presented.
{"title":"Speciation of binary complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) with L-phenylalanine in anionic micellar medium","authors":"V. Kumari, M. Ramanaiah, B. Sailaja","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1087159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1087159","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Speciation of binary complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) with L-phenylalanine (Phe) in the presence of water–anionic surfactant mixtures in the concentration range of 0.0–2.5% w/v SLS has been studied pH-metrically at a temperature of 303 K and at an ionic strength of 0.16 mol L−1. The selection of best fit chemical models is based on statistical parameters and residual analysis. The predominant species detected were ML, ML2, and ML2H2 for Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II). The trend in the variation of stability constants with the mole fraction of SLS was explained on the basis of electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces. Distribution of the species with pH at different compositions of SLS–water media was also presented.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"27 1","pages":"121 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1087159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60038813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1113388
T. Romanova, O. Shuvaeva
Abstract It is well known that the plants are capable to hyperaccumulation but despite their extensive use for water cleaning in environment, the essence of this phenomenon remains unclear. This paper is focused on the development of methodology for the determination of peptides binding forms of the metal in plants on the example of cadmium and water hyacinth. The suggested approach is based on the analytes extraction followed by their HPLC separation with UV and element-selective detection, and at last amino acids and sulfide groups determination in the isolated fractions containing cadmium, and for this, the optimal parameters for the interfacing of microcolumn chromatograph and ICP-OES spectrometer have been developed. It has been shown as a result that cadmium-containing compounds can be attributed to peptides similar to phytochelatins. This approach provides an information concerning the nature of the compounds responsible for the act of detoxification during bioaccumulation process.
{"title":"Identification of the binding forms of cadmium during accumulation by water hyacinth","authors":"T. Romanova, O. Shuvaeva","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1113388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1113388","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is well known that the plants are capable to hyperaccumulation but despite their extensive use for water cleaning in environment, the essence of this phenomenon remains unclear. This paper is focused on the development of methodology for the determination of peptides binding forms of the metal in plants on the example of cadmium and water hyacinth. The suggested approach is based on the analytes extraction followed by their HPLC separation with UV and element-selective detection, and at last amino acids and sulfide groups determination in the isolated fractions containing cadmium, and for this, the optimal parameters for the interfacing of microcolumn chromatograph and ICP-OES spectrometer have been developed. It has been shown as a result that cadmium-containing compounds can be attributed to peptides similar to phytochelatins. This approach provides an information concerning the nature of the compounds responsible for the act of detoxification during bioaccumulation process.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"27 1","pages":"139 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1113388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60038961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1088802
M. Bagchi, L. Ray
Abstract The adsorpion behavior of Reactive Blue 4, a tri-azine dye, on dry Rhizopus oryzae biomass (ROB) has been investigated in aqueous solution with special reference to physicochemical parameters associated with the adsorption process. Adsorption of dye on the biomass is found to be a function of solution pH (optimum 3.0), while temperature has no significant effect. Adsorption rate of biomass is very fast initially and attains equilibrium within 5 h for 50 and 100 mg L−1 and 6 h for 200 mg L−1 initial dye concentrations, respectively, following pseudo-second-order rate model (R2 = 0.99). The equilibrium adsorption isotherm can be best described by Redlich–Peterson model (R2 = 0.95). Scanning electron micrograph demonstrates a conspicuous change in surface morphology of ROB after dye adsorption. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic data reflect the binding of Reactive Blue 4 on the biomass through complexation reaction involving amino and carboxyl groups. Reactive Blue 4 can be desorbed from the dye loaded biomass using 1(N) NaOH solution. Results establish that ROB has the potential to pollution control management involving Reactive Blue 4.
{"title":"Adsorption behavior of Reactive Blue 4, a tri-azine dye on dry cells of Rhizopus oryzae in a batch system","authors":"M. Bagchi, L. Ray","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1088802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1088802","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The adsorpion behavior of Reactive Blue 4, a tri-azine dye, on dry Rhizopus oryzae biomass (ROB) has been investigated in aqueous solution with special reference to physicochemical parameters associated with the adsorption process. Adsorption of dye on the biomass is found to be a function of solution pH (optimum 3.0), while temperature has no significant effect. Adsorption rate of biomass is very fast initially and attains equilibrium within 5 h for 50 and 100 mg L−1 and 6 h for 200 mg L−1 initial dye concentrations, respectively, following pseudo-second-order rate model (R2 = 0.99). The equilibrium adsorption isotherm can be best described by Redlich–Peterson model (R2 = 0.95). Scanning electron micrograph demonstrates a conspicuous change in surface morphology of ROB after dye adsorption. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic data reflect the binding of Reactive Blue 4 on the biomass through complexation reaction involving amino and carboxyl groups. Reactive Blue 4 can be desorbed from the dye loaded biomass using 1(N) NaOH solution. Results establish that ROB has the potential to pollution control management involving Reactive Blue 4.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"58 3 1","pages":"112 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1088802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60038381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1107502
Š. Eichler, A. Kaňa, M. Kalousová, M. Vosmanská, M. Korotvicka, T. Zima, O. Mestek
Abstract Speciation analysis of selenium metabolites in urine was performed using hyphenation of mixed ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A chromatographic separation was performed with a C8 stationary phase and a mobile phase containing 2.5 mmol L−1 sodium butane-1-sulfonate, 8 mmol L−1 tetramethylammonium hydroxide, 4 mmol L−1 malonic acid, and 0.05% methanol, pH 3.0. Under this condition, the selenium species selenite, selenate, selenomethionine, selenoethionine, selenourea, trimethylselenonium, and Se-methylselenocysteine were successfully separated. Selenium determination was carried out by monitoring 80Se. The internal standard Ge was added into the mobile phase. The calibration was linear at least up to 100 μg L−1 Se for all species. The limit of detection was 0.4 μg L−1 Se. When higher (1400 W) ICP power was applied, the calibration based solely on selenate provided accurate results for all species. Stability tests revealed extremely short stability of selenite. After collection, the urine samples should be acidified to pH 3.0, stored below –5 °C, and analyzed before 12 h after collection. The method was used for the short-time (single capsule, one day observation, 5 persons) monitoring of the excretion of selenium after ingestion of Se-containing dietary supplements. When a formulation containing selenate was applied, almost 50% of Se was excreted during 24 h (mostly in the unchanged form of selenate) and the plasma Se remained unaltered. In the case of organically bound Se, only 8% of Se was lost by urination during 24 h as selenite, Se-methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and unknown species. Subsequently, a statistically significant increase of plasma Se was observed.
{"title":"Speciation analysis of selenium in human urine by liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for monitoring of selenium in body fluids","authors":"Š. Eichler, A. Kaňa, M. Kalousová, M. Vosmanská, M. Korotvicka, T. Zima, O. Mestek","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1107502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1107502","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Speciation analysis of selenium metabolites in urine was performed using hyphenation of mixed ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A chromatographic separation was performed with a C8 stationary phase and a mobile phase containing 2.5 mmol L−1 sodium butane-1-sulfonate, 8 mmol L−1 tetramethylammonium hydroxide, 4 mmol L−1 malonic acid, and 0.05% methanol, pH 3.0. Under this condition, the selenium species selenite, selenate, selenomethionine, selenoethionine, selenourea, trimethylselenonium, and Se-methylselenocysteine were successfully separated. Selenium determination was carried out by monitoring 80Se. The internal standard Ge was added into the mobile phase. The calibration was linear at least up to 100 μg L−1 Se for all species. The limit of detection was 0.4 μg L−1 Se. When higher (1400 W) ICP power was applied, the calibration based solely on selenate provided accurate results for all species. Stability tests revealed extremely short stability of selenite. After collection, the urine samples should be acidified to pH 3.0, stored below –5 °C, and analyzed before 12 h after collection. The method was used for the short-time (single capsule, one day observation, 5 persons) monitoring of the excretion of selenium after ingestion of Se-containing dietary supplements. When a formulation containing selenate was applied, almost 50% of Se was excreted during 24 h (mostly in the unchanged form of selenate) and the plasma Se remained unaltered. In the case of organically bound Se, only 8% of Se was lost by urination during 24 h as selenite, Se-methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and unknown species. Subsequently, a statistically significant increase of plasma Se was observed.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"27 1","pages":"127 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1107502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60039070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-03DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1087160
A. Kaňa, L. Hrubá, M. Vosmanská, O. Mestek
Abstract A method allowing the determination of the total iodine content and iodine species in samples of animal tissues using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as an element-specific detector was developed. The total iodine content was determined after microwave digestion with 25% (w/w) water solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The detection limit was 26.9 μg kg−1 I, and the accuracy of the determination was proven through the analysis of SRM “Non-Fat Milk Powder,” porcine liver, and Atlantic Cod muscle samples using standard addition methods. The extracts for the speciation analysis were prepared through sample dispersion in water using an Ultra-Turrax® T10. The extraction yields ranged from 46 to 84% for different types of tissues. The determination of the inorganic iodine species was performed using ion-exchange chromatography (PRP X100, mobile phase 100 mmol L−1 ammonium nitrate, pH 7.4) coupled to ICP-MS. A detection limit of 1.1 μg kg−1 I was obtained for both species. The organic iodine species were separated using size-exclusion chromatography (Superdex 75 column, mobile phase 20 mmol L−1 Tris–HCl, pH 7.5) and also detected using ICP-MS. Samples of porcine muscle, liver, kidney and thyroid gland, chicken muscle and liver and Atlantic Cod muscle were analyzed. The porcine thyroid gland and Atlantic Cod muscle samples were the richest in iodine (a more than 10× greater content of iodine than the other samples). With respect to the inorganic species, only iodide was found in the sample extracts. Conversely, many organic iodine species were found in the extracts.
{"title":"Analysis of iodine and its species in animal tissues","authors":"A. Kaňa, L. Hrubá, M. Vosmanská, O. Mestek","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1087160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1087160","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A method allowing the determination of the total iodine content and iodine species in samples of animal tissues using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as an element-specific detector was developed. The total iodine content was determined after microwave digestion with 25% (w/w) water solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide. The detection limit was 26.9 μg kg−1 I, and the accuracy of the determination was proven through the analysis of SRM “Non-Fat Milk Powder,” porcine liver, and Atlantic Cod muscle samples using standard addition methods. The extracts for the speciation analysis were prepared through sample dispersion in water using an Ultra-Turrax® T10. The extraction yields ranged from 46 to 84% for different types of tissues. The determination of the inorganic iodine species was performed using ion-exchange chromatography (PRP X100, mobile phase 100 mmol L−1 ammonium nitrate, pH 7.4) coupled to ICP-MS. A detection limit of 1.1 μg kg−1 I was obtained for both species. The organic iodine species were separated using size-exclusion chromatography (Superdex 75 column, mobile phase 20 mmol L−1 Tris–HCl, pH 7.5) and also detected using ICP-MS. Samples of porcine muscle, liver, kidney and thyroid gland, chicken muscle and liver and Atlantic Cod muscle were analyzed. The porcine thyroid gland and Atlantic Cod muscle samples were the richest in iodine (a more than 10× greater content of iodine than the other samples). With respect to the inorganic species, only iodide was found in the sample extracts. Conversely, many organic iodine species were found in the extracts.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"27 1","pages":"81 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1087160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60038430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-03DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1023092
L. Youssef, Ghassan Younes, Abir Kouzayha, F. Jaber
This study reviews the detection of pesticides in different surface and groundwater samples collected from South Litani region in South Lebanon during 2012. These have been analyzed using an optimized and validated solid phase extraction method followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides were mostly noted at levels below the recommended value for individual pesticide in water except pirimiphos-methyl that was recorded at 300.87 ng L−1 in groundwater sample, designated for drinking water and collected in February. DDE concentration exceeded 100 ng L−1 in both surface and groundwater in October. The reported results represent the first Lebanese statistical data illustrating the quantification of pesticides in water over a period of time. More importantly, it draws attention to the need of pesticides’ monitoring programs in the Lebanese water resources.
本研究回顾了2012年黎巴嫩南部利塔尼地区不同地表水和地下水样品中农药的检测情况。采用优化和验证的固相萃取法，然后采用气相色谱-质谱联用分析。除2月份收集的指定用于饮用水的地下水样品中甲基吡虫磷的含量为300.87 ng L−1外，大多数有机氯和有机磷农药的含量低于单个农药的建议值。10月份地表水和地下水DDE浓度均超过100 ng L−1。报告的结果是黎巴嫩第一次统计数据，说明了一段时间内水中农药的量化情况。更重要的是，它引起了人们对黎巴嫩水资源中农药监测项目的关注。
{"title":"Occurrence and levels of pesticides in South Lebanon water","authors":"L. Youssef, Ghassan Younes, Abir Kouzayha, F. Jaber","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1023092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1023092","url":null,"abstract":"This study reviews the detection of pesticides in different surface and groundwater samples collected from South Litani region in South Lebanon during 2012. These have been analyzed using an optimized and validated solid phase extraction method followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides were mostly noted at levels below the recommended value for individual pesticide in water except pirimiphos-methyl that was recorded at 300.87 ng L−1 in groundwater sample, designated for drinking water and collected in February. DDE concentration exceeded 100 ng L−1 in both surface and groundwater in October. The reported results represent the first Lebanese statistical data illustrating the quantification of pesticides in water over a period of time. More importantly, it draws attention to the need of pesticides’ monitoring programs in the Lebanese water resources.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"27 1","pages":"62 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1023092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60038475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-03DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1026725
J. Kaakinen, T. Kuokkanen, H. Leskinen, I. Välimäki, K. Kujala
The purpose of environmental legislation in the EU is prevention, minimization, and utilization of waste, respectively. When utilization is not possible, the purpose becomes the safe landfill disposal of waste, or disposal by other ecologically beneficial methods. In addition, material efficiency is an essential topic nowadays to promote the sustainable use of natural resources, waste materials, and industrial by-products, in agreement with the principle of sustainable development and LCA. To promote these goals, a four-stage sequential leaching procedure and determination of total concentrations was used in this research to determine the distribution of Cu, Pb, Zn, and V samples taken from waste rock material, originating from a Finnish zinc mine, and used as railway ballast in Northern Finland. The leaching procedure consists of the following five sequential fractions: (i) an acidic water-soluble fraction (H2O, pH = 4), (ii) an exchangeable fraction (CH3COOH), (iii) an easily reduced fraction (NH2OH-HCl), and (iv) oxidizable fraction (H2O2 + CH3COONH4). The results show that conditions and the size of ballast have a significant effect on the solubility of all heavy metals, and therefore on their mobility, bioavailability, and environmental risk. In addition, the total concentration of every element is much larger than its solubility in each four fractions (i)–(iv) or the sum of these concentrations – this sum can be called by the potential bioavailability – because the highest concentration is in the residual fraction. The leachability results determined here for waste rocks utilized as railway ballast show in good agreement with all earlier investigations determined for other waste or industrial by-products. Sequential leaching studies provide valuable information about the effect of conditions on the leachability/solubility, mobility, and bioavailability for risk assessment of harmful heavy metals. This information is necessary if we want to know the real environmental risk of metals in different conditions, possible in natural conditions now and in the future, i.e. not only in terms of the conditions pertaining to permission applications.
{"title":"The use of a four-stage sequential leaching procedure and the corresponding one-phase extractions for risk assessment of potential harmful substances in waste rock utilized in railway ballast","authors":"J. Kaakinen, T. Kuokkanen, H. Leskinen, I. Välimäki, K. Kujala","doi":"10.1080/09542299.2015.1026725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2015.1026725","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of environmental legislation in the EU is prevention, minimization, and utilization of waste, respectively. When utilization is not possible, the purpose becomes the safe landfill disposal of waste, or disposal by other ecologically beneficial methods. In addition, material efficiency is an essential topic nowadays to promote the sustainable use of natural resources, waste materials, and industrial by-products, in agreement with the principle of sustainable development and LCA. To promote these goals, a four-stage sequential leaching procedure and determination of total concentrations was used in this research to determine the distribution of Cu, Pb, Zn, and V samples taken from waste rock material, originating from a Finnish zinc mine, and used as railway ballast in Northern Finland. The leaching procedure consists of the following five sequential fractions: (i) an acidic water-soluble fraction (H2O, pH = 4), (ii) an exchangeable fraction (CH3COOH), (iii) an easily reduced fraction (NH2OH-HCl), and (iv) oxidizable fraction (H2O2 + CH3COONH4). The results show that conditions and the size of ballast have a significant effect on the solubility of all heavy metals, and therefore on their mobility, bioavailability, and environmental risk. In addition, the total concentration of every element is much larger than its solubility in each four fractions (i)–(iv) or the sum of these concentrations – this sum can be called by the potential bioavailability – because the highest concentration is in the residual fraction. The leachability results determined here for waste rocks utilized as railway ballast show in good agreement with all earlier investigations determined for other waste or industrial by-products. Sequential leaching studies provide valuable information about the effect of conditions on the leachability/solubility, mobility, and bioavailability for risk assessment of harmful heavy metals. This information is necessary if we want to know the real environmental risk of metals in different conditions, possible in natural conditions now and in the future, i.e. not only in terms of the conditions pertaining to permission applications.","PeriodicalId":55264,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability","volume":"27 1","pages":"71 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09542299.2015.1026725","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60038761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：