Red Mark Syndrome (RMS) is a skin disease affecting predominantly rainbow trout and is likely caused by a Midichloria-like organism. This condition primarily affects commercially-sized fish and can cause severe chronic dermatitis, panniculitis, and myositis, ultimately resulting in significant economic losses. RMS has been reported in at least three continents, but its presence has only been confirmed in Chile within South America. Nevertheless, it continues to pose a significant threat to the aquaculture of rainbow trout. In this context, we present the first documented outbreak of RMS in Peruvian Salmonid Aquaculture.
{"title":"Red mark syndrome (RMS) in farmed rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>): first report of outbreak in Peruvian Salmonid Aquaculture.","authors":"Y. Ortega, N. Sandoval, M. Orioles","doi":"10.48045/001c.88466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.88466","url":null,"abstract":"Red Mark Syndrome (RMS) is a skin disease affecting predominantly rainbow trout and is likely caused by a Midichloria-like organism. This condition primarily affects commercially-sized fish and can cause severe chronic dermatitis, panniculitis, and myositis, ultimately resulting in significant economic losses. RMS has been reported in at least three continents, but its presence has only been confirmed in Chile within South America. Nevertheless, it continues to pose a significant threat to the aquaculture of rainbow trout. In this context, we present the first documented outbreak of RMS in Peruvian Salmonid Aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":"30 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. N. Fuandila, A. Lusiastuti, M. Yuhana, A. Santika, Anne-Sophie Gosselin-Grenet, E. Cherif, J. Avarre
Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) is the etiological agent of koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD) in common and koi carp farming. This highly contagious pathogen has a 295-kb genome that harbours 156 open reading frames. Recent in vitro experimental evolution studies highlighted strong dynamics of genomic structural variations (SVs), in particular in the region of ORF150, an ORF potentially involved in virus multiplication and host inflammatory response. Among these SVs, a 1363-bp deletion could be associated with a loss of virulence. The present study aimed at investigating the genomic variations in the ORF150 region, and especially the deletion, in viruses isolated from carp populations of Indonesia. A screening of 236 fish from 43 different farms revealed a high prevalence of CyHV-3 (nearly 70%), both in symptomatic and asymptomatic common carp. However, in contrast with the results obtained in vitro, long read sequencing of the ORF150 region revealed a low level of genetic variations and the absence of the 1363-pb deletion. The complex interactions between the virus, the environment and the host, particularly the immune system, probably play an important role in this reduced variability.
{"title":"Prevalence of Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 and ORF150 genomic variations in carp populations of Indonesia","authors":"N. N. Fuandila, A. Lusiastuti, M. Yuhana, A. Santika, Anne-Sophie Gosselin-Grenet, E. Cherif, J. Avarre","doi":"10.48045/001c.84009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.84009","url":null,"abstract":"Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 (CyHV-3) is the etiological agent of koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD) in common and koi carp farming. This highly contagious pathogen has a 295-kb genome that harbours 156 open reading frames. Recent in vitro experimental evolution studies highlighted strong dynamics of genomic structural variations (SVs), in particular in the region of ORF150, an ORF potentially involved in virus multiplication and host inflammatory response. Among these SVs, a 1363-bp deletion could be associated with a loss of virulence. The present study aimed at investigating the genomic variations in the ORF150 region, and especially the deletion, in viruses isolated from carp populations of Indonesia. A screening of 236 fish from 43 different farms revealed a high prevalence of CyHV-3 (nearly 70%), both in symptomatic and asymptomatic common carp. However, in contrast with the results obtained in vitro, long read sequencing of the ORF150 region revealed a low level of genetic variations and the absence of the 1363-pb deletion. The complex interactions between the virus, the environment and the host, particularly the immune system, probably play an important role in this reduced variability.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45310415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandra C. Soares, J. Black, D. Bradley, M. Fordyce, R. McIntosh
Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) is a very important and valuable pelagic fish in Scotland. This species is known to be one of the hosts for Kudoa thyrsites, the myxosporean agent of post-mortem myoliquefaction, known as ‘soft tissue’. To date, there have been no official reports of the parasite in Scottish waters, however, the soft tissue condition is known to be found in Scottish landed mackerel. Its impact on this fishery is therefore unknown. The present study aims to report the presence of K. thyrsites-induced post-mortem myoliquefaction in mackerel caught from Scottish waters. Four commercial-sized mackerel displaying features of soft tissue were sampled. The histopathological examination revealed areas of muscular fibre necrosis and the presence of several multivalvulid myxospores in the interstitial space between the muscular fibres and among the liquefied necrotic areas. The presence of the K. thrysites was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in three of the four mackerel muscle tested and showed 100% identity with K. thyrsites isolate MH899081.1.
{"title":"Identification of Kudoa thyrsites in Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) displaying post-mortem myoliquefaction: a case study in Scotland","authors":"Sandra C. Soares, J. Black, D. Bradley, M. Fordyce, R. McIntosh","doi":"10.48045/001c.84172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.84172","url":null,"abstract":"Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) is a very important and valuable pelagic fish in Scotland. This species is known to be one of the hosts for Kudoa thyrsites, the myxosporean agent of post-mortem myoliquefaction, known as ‘soft tissue’. To date, there have been no official reports of the parasite in Scottish waters, however, the soft tissue condition is known to be found in Scottish landed mackerel. Its impact on this fishery is therefore unknown. The present study aims to report the presence of K. thyrsites-induced post-mortem myoliquefaction in mackerel caught from Scottish waters. Four commercial-sized mackerel displaying features of soft tissue were sampled. The histopathological examination revealed areas of muscular fibre necrosis and the presence of several multivalvulid myxospores in the interstitial space between the muscular fibres and among the liquefied necrotic areas. The presence of the K. thrysites was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in three of the four mackerel muscle tested and showed 100% identity with K. thyrsites isolate MH899081.1.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48381478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kaplan, K. Pekmez, A. Çağırgan, B. K. Tekelioglu, U. Oğuz, B. Kafa, F. Arslan, G. Kalaycı
Viral nervous necrosis is a viral disease caused by betanodavirus causing deaths and epidemics in wild or farmed sea fish, especially in juveniles. Betanodavirus has been detected in farmed European seabass and gilthead seabream in Turkey. However, there are no studies on the presence of betanodavirus in wildlife along the Turkish Mediterranean coast. This study aimed to investigate the presence of betanodavirus in wild fish along the Turkish coast of the Mediterranean and to characterize isolates using molecular tools. Hence, 400 fish belonging to 27 different wild species were caught and tested using real-time RT‒PCR. The betanodavirus genome was detected in red mullets (25/50) and garfish (2/4) and identified as RGNNV and RGNNV/SJNNV genotype, respectively according to partial genome sequencing of the RNA1 and RNA2 segments. Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolated viruses were similar to isolates collected from other parts of the Mediterranean Sea and China, India, and Japan. The results of the studies show that different genotypes are circulating in the studied region in different species. These findings indicates that more research on wildlife, both around the farm and in other regions, are needed to prevent spreading of the virus to aquaculture facilities.
{"title":"Survey on Betanodavirus in Wild Fish Species in the Turkish Coastlines of the Mediterranean Sea and Molecular Characterization: detecting different genotypes from different fish in different locations","authors":"M. Kaplan, K. Pekmez, A. Çağırgan, B. K. Tekelioglu, U. Oğuz, B. Kafa, F. Arslan, G. Kalaycı","doi":"10.48045/001c.74914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.74914","url":null,"abstract":"Viral nervous necrosis is a viral disease caused by betanodavirus causing deaths and epidemics in wild or farmed sea fish, especially in juveniles. Betanodavirus has been detected in farmed European seabass and gilthead seabream in Turkey. However, there are no studies on the presence of betanodavirus in wildlife along the Turkish Mediterranean coast. This study aimed to investigate the presence of betanodavirus in wild fish along the Turkish coast of the Mediterranean and to characterize isolates using molecular tools. Hence, 400 fish belonging to 27 different wild species were caught and tested using real-time RT‒PCR. The betanodavirus genome was detected in red mullets (25/50) and garfish (2/4) and identified as RGNNV and RGNNV/SJNNV genotype, respectively according to partial genome sequencing of the RNA1 and RNA2 segments. Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolated viruses were similar to isolates collected from other parts of the Mediterranean Sea and China, India, and Japan. The results of the studies show that different genotypes are circulating in the studied region in different species. These findings indicates that more research on wildlife, both around the farm and in other regions, are needed to prevent spreading of the virus to aquaculture facilities.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47668808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shrimp farming has been devastated by several diseases. Disease outbreaks can be prevented by optimising environmental conditions or by eliminating risks factors including carrier organisms. These can be achieved through proper pond preparation. One important step in pond preparation is the application of hydrated lime. This paper describes the effect of hydrated lime application to condition pond soil to pH 11 on the pond ecosystem, more specifically on soil pH and biota. The experiment was done using three 600 m2 brackish water ponds. After hydrated lime application, the wet soil pH on the 1st-8th day was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to the pH before liming to pH 11, and flushing after flooding for 24 h. Soil pH of 11 was observed 24-48h after lime application. Moreover, unwanted species like crabs and fish were found dead. Liming to pH 11 negatively affects the counts of green vibrio colonies thereby decreasing the percentage of green vibrios (PGV). In another experiment, three 750m2 earthen ponds were used. The pond soils were previously positive for the Whitespot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), hydrated lime were applied to bring the pond soil pH to 11. After lime application, WSSV was not detected in the pond soils. Results showed that increasing the soil pH to ≥11 positively affects the pond ecosystem. Liming encourages the proliferation of yellow vibrios and the eradication of carrier species (i.e. crabs) as well as predators (i.e. fish) in the ponds. Furthermore, liming to pH 11 may also eradicate White spot virus from the pond sediment. To implement a 1-unit increase in wet pH, hydrated lime should be applied at 2T/ha.
{"title":"Lime application to condition soil to pH 11 controls growth of harmful vibrios and WSSV","authors":"E. A. Tendencia, E. Coniza","doi":"10.48045/001c.74917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.74917","url":null,"abstract":"Shrimp farming has been devastated by several diseases. Disease outbreaks can be prevented by optimising environmental conditions or by eliminating risks factors including carrier organisms. These can be achieved through proper pond preparation. One important step in pond preparation is the application of hydrated lime. This paper describes the effect of hydrated lime application to condition pond soil to pH 11 on the pond ecosystem, more specifically on soil pH and biota. The experiment was done using three 600 m2 brackish water ponds. After hydrated lime application, the wet soil pH on the 1st-8th day was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to the pH before liming to pH 11, and flushing after flooding for 24 h. Soil pH of 11 was observed 24-48h after lime application. Moreover, unwanted species like crabs and fish were found dead. Liming to pH 11 negatively affects the counts of green vibrio colonies thereby decreasing the percentage of green vibrios (PGV). In another experiment, three 750m2 earthen ponds were used. The pond soils were previously positive for the Whitespot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), hydrated lime were applied to bring the pond soil pH to 11. After lime application, WSSV was not detected in the pond soils. Results showed that increasing the soil pH to ≥11 positively affects the pond ecosystem. Liming encourages the proliferation of yellow vibrios and the eradication of carrier species (i.e. crabs) as well as predators (i.e. fish) in the ponds. Furthermore, liming to pH 11 may also eradicate White spot virus from the pond sediment. To implement a 1-unit increase in wet pH, hydrated lime should be applied at 2T/ha.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42236757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sea Star Wasting Disease (SSWD) affects several wild and captive starfish species. It is generally thought to be infectious, with environmental conditions favouring its progression. Captive Asterias rubens with varying degrees of epidermal ulceration, limb autotomy and eversion of viscera were examined. Antibiotic treatments by injections and baths did not reduce mortality.
{"title":"Sea Star Wasting Disease in captive common sea stars (Asterias rubens): Examinations, therapy attempts and course of disease","authors":"K. Grassl, J. Bauer","doi":"10.48045/001c.73028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.73028","url":null,"abstract":"Sea Star Wasting Disease (SSWD) affects several wild and captive starfish species. It is generally thought to be infectious, with environmental conditions favouring its progression. Captive Asterias rubens with varying degrees of epidermal ulceration, limb autotomy and eversion of viscera were examined. Antibiotic treatments by injections and baths did not reduce mortality.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48591701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Orioles, J. G. Schmidt, P. Tome, N. Vendramin, M. Galeotti
Red mark syndrome (RMS) is a widespread skin disease of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Its aetiological agent is believed to be a Midichloria-like organism, an intracellular bacteria of the order Rickettsiales. RMS has been reported on several occasions, however, a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology of this disease and its actual economic impact on the trout aquaculture industry is missing. Through a questionnaire-based survey, we estimated the prevalence of RMS and the implications of this infection on trout farms in Italy in 2020-2021. One hundred and nine farms, representing 64% (around 22,000 tons) of the total national production, were surveyed. In short, the results show that RMS in Italian farms is consistently and persistently present on Italian territory, affecting about 30% of farms. RMS is observed to have similar features to those generally described in the literature. Clinical disease is observed more often in springtime; size-wise, the most commonly affected groups are fish close to market size and fish weighing less than 100g (22% of cases). Most interestingly, the recurrence of clinical signs in the same batch of fish was observed in 64% of cases. Despite its diffusion, the disease is not perceived as a major concern in the national trout sector, mainly due to its intermittent nature, low mortality and spontaneous resolution. The main costs associated with RMS were related to antibiotic treatment and commercial downgrading; however, it was impossible to estimate the impact of these on production costs.
{"title":"A questionnaire-based survey on the presence of red mark syndrome in Italian rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms","authors":"M. Orioles, J. G. Schmidt, P. Tome, N. Vendramin, M. Galeotti","doi":"10.48045/001c.71292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.71292","url":null,"abstract":"Red mark syndrome (RMS) is a widespread skin disease of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Its aetiological agent is believed to be a Midichloria-like organism, an intracellular bacteria of the order Rickettsiales. RMS has been reported on several occasions, however, a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology of this disease and its actual economic impact on the trout aquaculture industry is missing. Through a questionnaire-based survey, we estimated the prevalence of RMS and the implications of this infection on trout farms in Italy in 2020-2021. One hundred and nine farms, representing 64% (around 22,000 tons) of the total national production, were surveyed. In short, the results show that RMS in Italian farms is consistently and persistently present on Italian territory, affecting about 30% of farms. RMS is observed to have similar features to those generally described in the literature. Clinical disease is observed more often in springtime; size-wise, the most commonly affected groups are fish close to market size and fish weighing less than 100g (22% of cases). Most interestingly, the recurrence of clinical signs in the same batch of fish was observed in 64% of cases. Despite its diffusion, the disease is not perceived as a major concern in the national trout sector, mainly due to its intermittent nature, low mortality and spontaneous resolution. The main costs associated with RMS were related to antibiotic treatment and commercial downgrading; however, it was impossible to estimate the impact of these on production costs.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49640658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fish gills are delicate structures, which are vulnerable to damage from pathological as well as non-pathological aetiologies. They are frequently sampled for histology as they are involved in many recognised disease processes. Artefacts, arising from sampling techniques, can potentially interfere with interpretation of gill histology. A range of possible processes that can result in sampling artefact were assessed in a group of freshwater Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) pre-smolts. A range of histopathologies resulted, illustrating how critical both sampling efficiency and careful tissue handling are for optimal tissue sections to enable accurate histopathological interpretation.
{"title":"Sampling artefacts in gill histology of freshwater Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","authors":"S. Mitchell, F. Scholz, M. Marcos, H. Rodger","doi":"10.48045/001c.68302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.68302","url":null,"abstract":"Fish gills are delicate structures, which are vulnerable to damage from pathological as well as non-pathological aetiologies. They are frequently sampled for histology as they are involved in many recognised disease processes. Artefacts, arising from sampling techniques, can potentially interfere with interpretation of gill histology. A range of possible processes that can result in sampling artefact were assessed in a group of freshwater Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) pre-smolts. A range of histopathologies resulted, illustrating how critical both sampling efficiency and careful tissue handling are for optimal tissue sections to enable accurate histopathological interpretation.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49650223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Edwards, J. Bignell, Alexandra Papadopoulou, E. Trani, J. Savage, A. Joseph, G. Wood, D. Stone
Lumpfish are used routinely as cleaner fish to delouse farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and are often translocated globally. In September 2021, an aquaculture production business in Dorset, England experienced considerable mortalities in consignments of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) imported from Norway. Following suspicion of infection with Cyclopterus lumpus virus (CLuV) by a veterinarian, commercial testing provided presumptive confirmation of a CLuV infection using reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-rPCR). Affected fish were later resampled by the Centre of Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science, Fish Health Inspectorate for screening of CLuV by RT-rPCR, and confirmation by conventional RT-PCR and sequence analysis. Additional samples were tested using isolation of viruses on cell cultures, bacteriology, histopathology, and PCR/rPCR techniques to investigate whether other pathogens of concern to the salmon aquaculture industry were also present. All samples tested negative for the presence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus , nervous necrosis virus, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus , infectious salmon anaemia virus , ranavirus, and salmonid alphavirus. Four pools of ten samples tested positive by RT-rPCR for CLuV (Ct values between 19 and 29) and was confirmed using conventional RT-PCR. Sequence analysis showed that amplicons shared a 99.63 % match with the published sequences for CLuV. The CLuV has only recently been reported in aquatic animals and its full impact is not yet known. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of CLuV in England.
{"title":"First detection of Cyclopterus lumpus virus in England, following a mortality event in farmed cleaner fish","authors":"M. Edwards, J. Bignell, Alexandra Papadopoulou, E. Trani, J. Savage, A. Joseph, G. Wood, D. Stone","doi":"10.48045/001c.56559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.56559","url":null,"abstract":"Lumpfish are used routinely as cleaner fish to delouse farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and are often translocated globally. In September 2021, an aquaculture production business in Dorset, England experienced considerable mortalities in consignments of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) imported from Norway. Following suspicion of infection with Cyclopterus lumpus virus (CLuV) by a veterinarian, commercial testing provided presumptive confirmation of a CLuV infection using reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-rPCR). Affected fish were later resampled by the Centre of Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science, Fish Health Inspectorate for screening of CLuV by RT-rPCR, and confirmation by conventional RT-PCR and sequence analysis. Additional samples were tested using isolation of viruses on cell cultures, bacteriology, histopathology, and PCR/rPCR techniques to investigate whether other pathogens of concern to the salmon aquaculture industry were also present. All samples tested negative for the presence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus , nervous necrosis virus, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus , infectious salmon anaemia virus , ranavirus, and salmonid alphavirus. Four pools of ten samples tested positive by RT-rPCR for CLuV (Ct values between 19 and 29) and was confirmed using conventional RT-PCR. Sequence analysis showed that amplicons shared a 99.63 % match with the published sequences for CLuV. The CLuV has only recently been reported in aquatic animals and its full impact is not yet known. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of CLuV in England.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44448676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. de Sales-Ribeiro, H. Schmidt-Posthaus, N. Diserens
Puffy skin disease (PSD) is an economically important syndrome in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). Because of its horizontal transmission, an infectious aetiology was hypothesised. However, aetiology remains unknown so far. PSD was first reported in 2002 in fish farms in England. Since then, cases have increased significantly, with additional reports in still water fisheries. Typically, the prevalence and severity of PSD increase during the summer and autumn months (13°C – 15°C). In February 2022, rainbow trout from a mountainous fish farm in Switzerland showed lethargy, inappetence, white to grey patches on the skin and slightly increased mortality. Twenty-one rainbow trout were submitted for diagnostics to the Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Switzerland. On post-mortem examination, 7/21 had up to 75% to 90% of the skin surface affected with bilateral, focally extensive white to grey, rough patches. The scales on the affected areas were raised, and the skin thickened. The histologic assessment revealed focally extensive, severe, epidermal hyperplasia with spongiosis and hydropic degeneration, severe scale pocket oedema with mild infiltration by degenerated neutrophils and lymphocytes, necrosis, and cellular debris displacing the scales. These findings are consistent with PSD. This is the first report of PSD in Switzerland. Here, contrary to previous reports, the disease occurred in rainbow trout exposed to 6-7°C water during the winter.
{"title":"First report of puffy skin disease in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from Switzerland","authors":"C. de Sales-Ribeiro, H. Schmidt-Posthaus, N. Diserens","doi":"10.48045/001c.39775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.39775","url":null,"abstract":"Puffy skin disease (PSD) is an economically important syndrome in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). Because of its horizontal transmission, an infectious aetiology was hypothesised. However, aetiology remains unknown so far. PSD was first reported in 2002 in fish farms in England. Since then, cases have increased significantly, with additional reports in still water fisheries. Typically, the prevalence and severity of PSD increase during the summer and autumn months (13°C – 15°C). In February 2022, rainbow trout from a mountainous fish farm in Switzerland showed lethargy, inappetence, white to grey patches on the skin and slightly increased mortality. Twenty-one rainbow trout were submitted for diagnostics to the Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Switzerland. On post-mortem examination, 7/21 had up to 75% to 90% of the skin surface affected with bilateral, focally extensive white to grey, rough patches. The scales on the affected areas were raised, and the skin thickened. The histologic assessment revealed focally extensive, severe, epidermal hyperplasia with spongiosis and hydropic degeneration, severe scale pocket oedema with mild infiltration by degenerated neutrophils and lymphocytes, necrosis, and cellular debris displacing the scales. These findings are consistent with PSD. This is the first report of PSD in Switzerland. Here, contrary to previous reports, the disease occurred in rainbow trout exposed to 6-7°C water during the winter.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46045001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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