Fish gills are delicate structures, which are vulnerable to damage from pathological as well as non-pathological aetiologies. They are frequently sampled for histology as they are involved in many recognised disease processes. Artefacts, arising from sampling techniques, can potentially interfere with interpretation of gill histology. A range of possible processes that can result in sampling artefact were assessed in a group of freshwater Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) pre-smolts. A range of histopathologies resulted, illustrating how critical both sampling efficiency and careful tissue handling are for optimal tissue sections to enable accurate histopathological interpretation.
{"title":"Sampling artefacts in gill histology of freshwater Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","authors":"S. Mitchell, F. Scholz, M. Marcos, H. Rodger","doi":"10.48045/001c.68302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.68302","url":null,"abstract":"Fish gills are delicate structures, which are vulnerable to damage from pathological as well as non-pathological aetiologies. They are frequently sampled for histology as they are involved in many recognised disease processes. Artefacts, arising from sampling techniques, can potentially interfere with interpretation of gill histology. A range of possible processes that can result in sampling artefact were assessed in a group of freshwater Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) pre-smolts. A range of histopathologies resulted, illustrating how critical both sampling efficiency and careful tissue handling are for optimal tissue sections to enable accurate histopathological interpretation.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49650223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Edwards, J. Bignell, Alexandra Papadopoulou, E. Trani, J. Savage, A. Joseph, G. Wood, D. Stone
Lumpfish are used routinely as cleaner fish to delouse farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and are often translocated globally. In September 2021, an aquaculture production business in Dorset, England experienced considerable mortalities in consignments of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) imported from Norway. Following suspicion of infection with Cyclopterus lumpus virus (CLuV) by a veterinarian, commercial testing provided presumptive confirmation of a CLuV infection using reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-rPCR). Affected fish were later resampled by the Centre of Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science, Fish Health Inspectorate for screening of CLuV by RT-rPCR, and confirmation by conventional RT-PCR and sequence analysis. Additional samples were tested using isolation of viruses on cell cultures, bacteriology, histopathology, and PCR/rPCR techniques to investigate whether other pathogens of concern to the salmon aquaculture industry were also present. All samples tested negative for the presence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus , nervous necrosis virus, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus , infectious salmon anaemia virus , ranavirus, and salmonid alphavirus. Four pools of ten samples tested positive by RT-rPCR for CLuV (Ct values between 19 and 29) and was confirmed using conventional RT-PCR. Sequence analysis showed that amplicons shared a 99.63 % match with the published sequences for CLuV. The CLuV has only recently been reported in aquatic animals and its full impact is not yet known. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of CLuV in England.
{"title":"First detection of Cyclopterus lumpus virus in England, following a mortality event in farmed cleaner fish","authors":"M. Edwards, J. Bignell, Alexandra Papadopoulou, E. Trani, J. Savage, A. Joseph, G. Wood, D. Stone","doi":"10.48045/001c.56559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.56559","url":null,"abstract":"Lumpfish are used routinely as cleaner fish to delouse farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and are often translocated globally. In September 2021, an aquaculture production business in Dorset, England experienced considerable mortalities in consignments of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) imported from Norway. Following suspicion of infection with Cyclopterus lumpus virus (CLuV) by a veterinarian, commercial testing provided presumptive confirmation of a CLuV infection using reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-rPCR). Affected fish were later resampled by the Centre of Environment, Fisheries, and Aquaculture Science, Fish Health Inspectorate for screening of CLuV by RT-rPCR, and confirmation by conventional RT-PCR and sequence analysis. Additional samples were tested using isolation of viruses on cell cultures, bacteriology, histopathology, and PCR/rPCR techniques to investigate whether other pathogens of concern to the salmon aquaculture industry were also present. All samples tested negative for the presence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus , nervous necrosis virus, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus , infectious salmon anaemia virus , ranavirus, and salmonid alphavirus. Four pools of ten samples tested positive by RT-rPCR for CLuV (Ct values between 19 and 29) and was confirmed using conventional RT-PCR. Sequence analysis showed that amplicons shared a 99.63 % match with the published sequences for CLuV. The CLuV has only recently been reported in aquatic animals and its full impact is not yet known. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of CLuV in England.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44448676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. de Sales-Ribeiro, H. Schmidt-Posthaus, N. Diserens
Puffy skin disease (PSD) is an economically important syndrome in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). Because of its horizontal transmission, an infectious aetiology was hypothesised. However, aetiology remains unknown so far. PSD was first reported in 2002 in fish farms in England. Since then, cases have increased significantly, with additional reports in still water fisheries. Typically, the prevalence and severity of PSD increase during the summer and autumn months (13°C – 15°C). In February 2022, rainbow trout from a mountainous fish farm in Switzerland showed lethargy, inappetence, white to grey patches on the skin and slightly increased mortality. Twenty-one rainbow trout were submitted for diagnostics to the Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Switzerland. On post-mortem examination, 7/21 had up to 75% to 90% of the skin surface affected with bilateral, focally extensive white to grey, rough patches. The scales on the affected areas were raised, and the skin thickened. The histologic assessment revealed focally extensive, severe, epidermal hyperplasia with spongiosis and hydropic degeneration, severe scale pocket oedema with mild infiltration by degenerated neutrophils and lymphocytes, necrosis, and cellular debris displacing the scales. These findings are consistent with PSD. This is the first report of PSD in Switzerland. Here, contrary to previous reports, the disease occurred in rainbow trout exposed to 6-7°C water during the winter.
{"title":"First report of puffy skin disease in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from Switzerland","authors":"C. de Sales-Ribeiro, H. Schmidt-Posthaus, N. Diserens","doi":"10.48045/001c.39775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.39775","url":null,"abstract":"Puffy skin disease (PSD) is an economically important syndrome in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). Because of its horizontal transmission, an infectious aetiology was hypothesised. However, aetiology remains unknown so far. PSD was first reported in 2002 in fish farms in England. Since then, cases have increased significantly, with additional reports in still water fisheries. Typically, the prevalence and severity of PSD increase during the summer and autumn months (13°C – 15°C). In February 2022, rainbow trout from a mountainous fish farm in Switzerland showed lethargy, inappetence, white to grey patches on the skin and slightly increased mortality. Twenty-one rainbow trout were submitted for diagnostics to the Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Switzerland. On post-mortem examination, 7/21 had up to 75% to 90% of the skin surface affected with bilateral, focally extensive white to grey, rough patches. The scales on the affected areas were raised, and the skin thickened. The histologic assessment revealed focally extensive, severe, epidermal hyperplasia with spongiosis and hydropic degeneration, severe scale pocket oedema with mild infiltration by degenerated neutrophils and lymphocytes, necrosis, and cellular debris displacing the scales. These findings are consistent with PSD. This is the first report of PSD in Switzerland. Here, contrary to previous reports, the disease occurred in rainbow trout exposed to 6-7°C water during the winter.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46045001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Rahmati-Holasoo, A. Marandi, H. E. Mousavi, A. Azizi
Green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus) is one of the most popular freshwater ornamental fish of the Cichlidae, which is commonly bred and cultivated in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the main cause of green terror mass losses in an ornamental fish breeding center in Nazarabad, Alborz province. Following chronic and continuous losses of mature green terrors with clinical signs including white feces hanging from the anus, the fish were sampled between June 2021 and July 2021. The fish were packed in water-filled polyethylene bags and transported to the Ornamental Fish Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran. In macroscopic examinations, cachexia and paleness of the fish were evident. In order to investigate ectoparasitic infestations, wet smears were prepared from skin and gills, and examined under a light microscope. However, no parasitic infection was observed. In addition, the fish were euthanised, necropsied, and internal organs such as the intestine were examined. Microscopic examination of the intestine showed a heavy infection with mature Capillaria sp. and the barrel-shaped eggs. In the present study, the severity of Capillaria infection was very high and determined to be the main cause of losses. In order to treat the other fish in the population, levamisole was administered for 48 h every 7 days for 28 days. After re-examination, fish losses completely stopped, and no infection was observed after 28 days.
{"title":"Isolation and identification of Capillaria sp. in ornamental green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus Günther, 1860) farmed in Iran","authors":"H. Rahmati-Holasoo, A. Marandi, H. E. Mousavi, A. Azizi","doi":"10.48045/001c.39773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.39773","url":null,"abstract":"Green terror (Andinoacara rivulatus) is one of the most popular freshwater ornamental fish of the Cichlidae, which is commonly bred and cultivated in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the main cause of green terror mass losses in an ornamental fish breeding center in Nazarabad, Alborz province. Following chronic and continuous losses of mature green terrors with clinical signs including white feces hanging from the anus, the fish were sampled between June 2021 and July 2021. The fish were packed in water-filled polyethylene bags and transported to the Ornamental Fish Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran. In macroscopic examinations, cachexia and paleness of the fish were evident. In order to investigate ectoparasitic infestations, wet smears were prepared from skin and gills, and examined under a light microscope. However, no parasitic infection was observed. In addition, the fish were euthanised, necropsied, and internal organs such as the intestine were examined. Microscopic examination of the intestine showed a heavy infection with mature Capillaria sp. and the barrel-shaped eggs. In the present study, the severity of Capillaria infection was very high and determined to be the main cause of losses. In order to treat the other fish in the population, levamisole was administered for 48 h every 7 days for 28 days. After re-examination, fish losses completely stopped, and no infection was observed after 28 days.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49222331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the early summer of 2021 several sticklebacks with massive Dermocystidium infestation were caught in lake Vättern, Sweden. In this brief report we present a histological investigation of the host-parasite relationship, and by 18S rRNA gene sequencing identify the parasite as Dermocystidium gasterostei Elkan, closely related to Dermocystidium percae.
{"title":"A case study of Dermotheca gasterostei (=Dermocystidium gasterostei, Elkan) isolated from three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) captured in lake Vättern, Sweden.","authors":"B.D. Persson, A. Aspán, D. Bass, C. Axén","doi":"10.48045/001c.38402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.38402","url":null,"abstract":"During the early summer of 2021 several sticklebacks with massive Dermocystidium infestation were caught in lake Vättern, Sweden. In this brief report we present a histological investigation of the host-parasite relationship, and by 18S rRNA gene sequencing identify the parasite as Dermocystidium gasterostei Elkan, closely related to Dermocystidium percae.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43471707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
If the standard deviation of the distribution of MIC values for a set of wild-type isolates exceeds 1.18 log2 μg/mL when calculated by NRI analysis or 1.11 log2 μg/mL when calculated by ECOFFinder that data set should be considered imprecise and not be used to set an epidemiological cut-off value.
{"title":"Precision limits for MIC data required to set epidemiological cut-off values","authors":"P. Smith","doi":"10.48045/001c.38713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.38713","url":null,"abstract":"If the standard deviation of the distribution of MIC values for a set of wild-type isolates exceeds 1.18 log2 μg/mL when calculated by NRI analysis or 1.11 log2 μg/mL when calculated by ECOFFinder that data set should be considered imprecise and not be used to set an epidemiological cut-off value.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47761724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Shoemaker, T. I. Heckman, E. Soto, B. LaFrentz, B. Beck, M. Paulson, J. García
Streptococcal disease and columnaris disease are common in tilapia aquaculture across the globe. Coinfections are also common but often overlooked or not reported. In the present study, we describe the clinical presentation of streptococcosis and columnaris coinfection in diseased Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and the phenotypic (Lancefield grouping, hemolytic pattern, biochemical characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility) and genotypic (multilocus sequence analysis for streptococci and multiplex PCR for flavobacteria) characterisation of its etiological agents, namely Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and Flavobacterium davisii. We further fulfilled Koch’s postulates with the S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolate in genetically improved Nile tilapia.
{"title":"Coinfection by Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and Flavobacterium davisii in Nile Tilapia from the United States","authors":"C. Shoemaker, T. I. Heckman, E. Soto, B. LaFrentz, B. Beck, M. Paulson, J. García","doi":"10.48045/001c.38695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.38695","url":null,"abstract":"Streptococcal disease and columnaris disease are common in tilapia aquaculture across the globe. Coinfections are also common but often overlooked or not reported. In the present study, we describe the clinical presentation of streptococcosis and columnaris coinfection in diseased Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and the phenotypic (Lancefield grouping, hemolytic pattern, biochemical characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility) and genotypic (multilocus sequence analysis for streptococci and multiplex PCR for flavobacteria) characterisation of its etiological agents, namely Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and Flavobacterium davisii. We further fulfilled Koch’s postulates with the S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolate in genetically improved Nile tilapia.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43378191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Pekmez, M. Kaplan, A. A. Çağırgan, F. Arslan, B. Kafa, G. Kalaycı
Lymphocystis disease is a common, chronic and benign infection of fish. The disease has a worldwide distribution and has been reported from more than 125 marine and freshwater sites. In this study, molecular diagnosis and characterisation of Lymphocystis Disease Virus were performed from samples collected from sea bream fry showing lymphocystis disease symptoms in a farm located in the Aegean Sea. As a result of the phylogenetic analysis, the virus was classified as genotype VII. According to the similarity of nucleotide sequence, SA1.ETun.2011 virus reported from Tunisia was the closest related virus. The rate of amino acid substitution between genotypes was quite high, while amongst the genotype VII isolates substitution rates were low. When the similarity between the genotypes was investigated using the nucleotide sequences, the closest and most distant genotypes to the genotype VII were V and I, respectively.
{"title":"Molecular characterisation of Lymphocystis Disease Virus detected from Sea Bream in Turkey","authors":"K. Pekmez, M. Kaplan, A. A. Çağırgan, F. Arslan, B. Kafa, G. Kalaycı","doi":"10.48045/001c.38086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.38086","url":null,"abstract":"Lymphocystis disease is a common, chronic and benign infection of fish. The disease has a worldwide distribution and has been reported from more than 125 marine and freshwater sites. In this study, molecular diagnosis and characterisation of Lymphocystis Disease Virus were performed from samples collected from sea bream fry showing lymphocystis disease symptoms in a farm located in the Aegean Sea. As a result of the phylogenetic analysis, the virus was classified as genotype VII. According to the similarity of nucleotide sequence, SA1.ETun.2011 virus reported from Tunisia was the closest related virus. The rate of amino acid substitution between genotypes was quite high, while amongst the genotype VII isolates substitution rates were low. When the similarity between the genotypes was investigated using the nucleotide sequences, the closest and most distant genotypes to the genotype VII were V and I, respectively.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48014045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bergmann, M. Reichert, J. Hwang, A. Becker, M. Lenk, G. Kotterba, R. Buchholz, S. Jung, A. Gebler, M. Todte, J. Kielpinska, C. Lindenberger
In the frame of investigations on the use of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Arthrospira platensis in carp and koi cultures, two animal experiments were carried out to assess their efficiency as prophylactic and metaphylactic (therapeutic) measures against koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD). In experiment 1, carp were treated with algae biomass (BM) and EPS before and after infection with European lineage koi herpesvirus (KHV-E). In experiment 2, carp were treated with EPS prior and after the infection with Taiwan isolate of KHV (KHV-T), only prior to infection with higher concentration of EPS or only after the infection with KHV-T. No conclusive protection against KHV was observed in experiment 1 in carp treated with BM. In groups where EPS was applied, carp were protected to a certain extent. In experiment 2, carp were protected significantly against a severe KHVD outbreak. In the prophylactic group, which received a double EPS concentration for six weeks, and in the metaphylactic group, KHVD was stopped. Fish developed antibodies against EPS as well as against KHV at day 30 post infection.
{"title":"The application of exopolysaccharides (EPS) can prevent viral disease of fish","authors":"S. Bergmann, M. Reichert, J. Hwang, A. Becker, M. Lenk, G. Kotterba, R. Buchholz, S. Jung, A. Gebler, M. Todte, J. Kielpinska, C. Lindenberger","doi":"10.48045/001c.38087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.38087","url":null,"abstract":"In the frame of investigations on the use of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Arthrospira platensis in carp and koi cultures, two animal experiments were carried out to assess their efficiency as prophylactic and metaphylactic (therapeutic) measures against koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD). In experiment 1, carp were treated with algae biomass (BM) and EPS before and after infection with European lineage koi herpesvirus (KHV-E). In experiment 2, carp were treated with EPS prior and after the infection with Taiwan isolate of KHV (KHV-T), only prior to infection with higher concentration of EPS or only after the infection with KHV-T. No conclusive protection against KHV was observed in experiment 1 in carp treated with BM. In groups where EPS was applied, carp were protected to a certain extent. In experiment 2, carp were protected significantly against a severe KHVD outbreak. In the prophylactic group, which received a double EPS concentration for six weeks, and in the metaphylactic group, KHVD was stopped. Fish developed antibodies against EPS as well as against KHV at day 30 post infection.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49345198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Erazo-Pagador, H. R. Dumaran-Paciente, B.J. Caloyloy
The present study was carried out to assess the toxic effect and determine the lethal concentration of dried garlic (Allium sativum) powder on the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) juveniles. Laboratory static bioassays were conducted to determine the 96-h LC50 of different concentrations of garlic (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 mg L-1) on grouper juveniles (mean weight, 35.4±6.18 g and mean length, 13.2±0.51 cm). The 96-h LC50 was 74.78 mg L-1 with lower and upper confidence limits of 62.8 and 89.06 mg L-1, respectively. All fish exposed to 30 to 180 mg L-1 exhibited rapid movement, faster opercular activity and erratic swimming whereas at higher concentrations (90 mg L-1 to 180 mg L-1) fish showed additional behavioral changes such as loss of balance, lethargy, gulping for air and respiratory distress. Water quality parameters were within the recommended acceptable limits. This LC50 value can be used as a baseline reference to generate an effective concentration of garlic for future prophylaxis and treatment for parasitic, viral and bacterial infection in grouper.
本文研究了大蒜干粉对斑石斑鱼幼鱼的毒性作用，并测定了其致死浓度。采用室内静态生物测定法测定不同浓度大蒜(0、30、60、90、120、150和180 mg L-1)对石斑鱼幼鱼(平均体重35.4±6.18 g，平均体长13.2±0.51 cm)的96 h LC50。96 h LC50为74.78 mg L-1，上、下置信限分别为62.8和89.06 mg L-1。所有暴露于30至180 mg L-1的鱼都表现出快速运动，更快的眼球活动和不稳定的游泳，而在更高浓度(90至180 mg L-1)下，鱼表现出额外的行为变化，如失去平衡，嗜睡，大口吸气和呼吸窘迫。水质参数在建议的可接受范围内。该LC50值可作为基线参考，为将来预防和治疗石斑鱼的寄生虫、病毒和细菌感染提供有效的大蒜浓度。
{"title":"Acute lethal toxicity of dried garlic (Allium sativum) powder on orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) juveniles under static exposure","authors":"G. Erazo-Pagador, H. R. Dumaran-Paciente, B.J. Caloyloy","doi":"10.48045/001c.38092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.38092","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to assess the toxic effect and determine the lethal concentration of dried garlic (Allium sativum) powder on the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) juveniles. Laboratory static bioassays were conducted to determine the 96-h LC50 of different concentrations of garlic (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 mg L-1) on grouper juveniles (mean weight, 35.4±6.18 g and mean length, 13.2±0.51 cm). The 96-h LC50 was 74.78 mg L-1 with lower and upper confidence limits of 62.8 and 89.06 mg L-1, respectively. All fish exposed to 30 to 180 mg L-1 exhibited rapid movement, faster opercular activity and erratic swimming whereas at higher concentrations (90 mg L-1 to 180 mg L-1) fish showed additional behavioral changes such as loss of balance, lethargy, gulping for air and respiratory distress. Water quality parameters were within the recommended acceptable limits. This LC50 value can be used as a baseline reference to generate an effective concentration of garlic for future prophylaxis and treatment for parasitic, viral and bacterial infection in grouper.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47947010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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