H. Neuhaus, R. Pund, M. Runge, D. W. Kleingeld, E. Nardy, U. Fischer
This work describes the first detection of WSSV genomic DNA in decapods introduced into Germany via food for human consumption. A batch of cooked, frozen, packed and labelled red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) was imported into an EU member state and subsequently moved to Germany. Some individual crayfish of this batch sampled as a labelled consumer package during an official routine food control showed signs of White spot disease at food inspection. To confirm the presence or absence of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) DNA, PCR analysis was performed. All samples of affected red swamp crayfish tested positive for WSSV DNA. The food batch was immediately blocked by the competent veterinary authority and destroyed. Although the introduction of infectious WSSV into the EU could be ruled out this case indicates the risk of global trading and the importance of appropriate border controls in order to prevent the introduction of listed or emerging aquatic animal diseases via consignments of products of aquatic animal origin.
{"title":"First report of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) DNA in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in Germany","authors":"H. Neuhaus, R. Pund, M. Runge, D. W. Kleingeld, E. Nardy, U. Fischer","doi":"10.48045/001c.37059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.37059","url":null,"abstract":"This work describes the first detection of WSSV genomic DNA in decapods introduced into Germany via food for human consumption. A batch of cooked, frozen, packed and labelled red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) was imported into an EU member state and subsequently moved to Germany. Some individual crayfish of this batch sampled as a labelled consumer package during an official routine food control showed signs of White spot disease at food inspection. To confirm the presence or absence of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) DNA, PCR analysis was performed. All samples of affected red swamp crayfish tested positive for WSSV DNA. The food batch was immediately blocked by the competent veterinary authority and destroyed. Although the introduction of infectious WSSV into the EU could be ruled out this case indicates the risk of global trading and the importance of appropriate border controls in order to prevent the introduction of listed or emerging aquatic animal diseases via consignments of products of aquatic animal origin.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45912165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Gomes, T. Bento, L. Oliveira, H. Silva, C. Chaves
The finding of a leucistic specimen of Helicolenus dactylopterus on the demersal waters of Portuguese Atlantic coast is reported. The H. dactylopterus morphological, meristic and morphometric characters described here matched with previous descriptions of the species, and a similarity of 98% within the genus was observed with regards to sequence alignment to the gene cytochrome c oxidase. However, a more specific gene may need to be applied to achieve specific genetic identification to the species level. Leucism does not seem to affect the condition of the fish as these factors were within normal ranges.
{"title":"First record of leucism in the Blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus (Actinopterygii: Scorpaeniformes: Sebastidae), with notes on the lack of intragenic genetic divergence on the gene cytochrome c oxidase I (5’-COI) for the genus Helicolenus","authors":"P. Gomes, T. Bento, L. Oliveira, H. Silva, C. Chaves","doi":"10.48045/001c.37065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.37065","url":null,"abstract":"The finding of a leucistic specimen of Helicolenus dactylopterus on the demersal waters of Portuguese Atlantic coast is reported. The H. dactylopterus morphological, meristic and morphometric characters described here matched with previous descriptions of the species, and a similarity of 98% within the genus was observed with regards to sequence alignment to the gene cytochrome c oxidase. However, a more specific gene may need to be applied to achieve specific genetic identification to the species level. Leucism does not seem to affect the condition of the fish as these factors were within normal ranges.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45337790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Romano, M. Klosterhoff, A. de Medeiros, S. Oliveira, V. F. Pedrosa
In non-infectious diseases in fish, neoplasms are of great interest to pathologists because of their similarity to those found in other vertebrates, some of which are generated by similar carcinogens, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), induced by chlorinated compounds, algae toxins, and mycotoxins. We have studied 100 specimens of Odontesthes bonaerensis coming from a highly eutrophic lake, San Roque Lake, in Argentina. Hepatomegaly was macroscopically observed in 24 specimens, with external irregular nodular lesions, necrotic, and hemorrhagic areas. The neoplasms were classified according to the WHO for human HCC, in which 20 neoplasms presented a histopathological pattern of the conventional HCC type. Among the neoplasms, four presented a histopathological pattern of sarcomatoid HCC. In the immunohistochemistry, both Hep Par 1, CD34, CD133, and S100 antibodies were positive in all types of HCC and the transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed an ultrastructure similar to that described in the literature for mammalian and human HCC. The etiology of these HCC could not be confirmed, but taking into account the chronic presence of cyanobacteria with frequent algal blooms, we suggest that they are responsible for these neoplasms, especially considering the hepatic carcinogenic activity of algae peptides such as microcystin.
{"title":"Occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in wild pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis (Teleostei, Atherinidae)","authors":"L. Romano, M. Klosterhoff, A. de Medeiros, S. Oliveira, V. F. Pedrosa","doi":"10.48045/001c.36981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.36981","url":null,"abstract":"In non-infectious diseases in fish, neoplasms are of great interest to pathologists because of their similarity to those found in other vertebrates, some of which are generated by similar carcinogens, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), induced by chlorinated compounds, algae toxins, and mycotoxins. We have studied 100 specimens of Odontesthes bonaerensis coming from a highly eutrophic lake, San Roque Lake, in Argentina. Hepatomegaly was macroscopically observed in 24 specimens, with external irregular nodular lesions, necrotic, and hemorrhagic areas. The neoplasms were classified according to the WHO for human HCC, in which 20 neoplasms presented a histopathological pattern of the conventional HCC type. Among the neoplasms, four presented a histopathological pattern of sarcomatoid HCC. In the immunohistochemistry, both Hep Par 1, CD34, CD133, and S100 antibodies were positive in all types of HCC and the transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed an ultrastructure similar to that described in the literature for mammalian and human HCC. The etiology of these HCC could not be confirmed, but taking into account the chronic presence of cyanobacteria with frequent algal blooms, we suggest that they are responsible for these neoplasms, especially considering the hepatic carcinogenic activity of algae peptides such as microcystin.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44493745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Scarfe, F. Padrós, D. Iatridou, A. Bravo, D. Palić, A. Fabris
Aquatic animals need veterinary care as any other animal species but sometimes this care is inadequately managed. The role of veterinarians in conventional farmed animal health prevention and control are undoubtedly some of the activities most commonly recognised to the veterinary profession. Although poultry, swine, beef, and other terrestrial animals have been historically considered as the main source for animal protein production, it is very important to highlight that nowadays, fisheries and aquaculture represent a substantial sources of animal protein for human consumption. Global fisheries have reached a non-sustainable breakpoint and, in this scenario, aquaculture emerges as the sustainable alternative for animal protein production for the future. Animal health and welfare, and particularly the control of impact of the diseases in finfish, crustacean and mollusc farming still represents a very important challenge for aquatic animal veterinarians. The ornamental fish sector is also a relevant area, and untapped resource for aquatic animal professionals. However, these needs are not followed by the same level of veterinary services required, indicating that there is still a lot of work to be done in this direction. Disease control and prevention, and aquatic animal health promotion across these different areas is a very challenging task for the future, and represent a tremendous source of opportunity for aquatic veterinarians.
{"title":"Workshop Report: Aquatic Animal Health Education","authors":"D. Scarfe, F. Padrós, D. Iatridou, A. Bravo, D. Palić, A. Fabris","doi":"10.48045/001c.36867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.36867","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic animals need veterinary care as any other animal species but sometimes this care is inadequately managed. The role of veterinarians in conventional farmed animal health prevention and control are undoubtedly some of the activities most commonly recognised to the veterinary profession. Although poultry, swine, beef, and other terrestrial animals have been historically considered as the main source for animal protein production, it is very important to highlight that nowadays, fisheries and aquaculture represent a substantial sources of animal protein for human consumption. Global fisheries have reached a non-sustainable breakpoint and, in this scenario, aquaculture emerges as the sustainable alternative for animal protein production for the future. Animal health and welfare, and particularly the control of impact of the diseases in finfish, crustacean and mollusc farming still represents a very important challenge for aquatic animal veterinarians. The ornamental fish sector is also a relevant area, and untapped resource for aquatic animal professionals. However, these needs are not followed by the same level of veterinary services required, indicating that there is still a lot of work to be done in this direction. Disease control and prevention, and aquatic animal health promotion across these different areas is a very challenging task for the future, and represent a tremendous source of opportunity for aquatic veterinarians.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43341930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The importance of long-term data collection to understand the historical and evolutionary ecology of marine diseases: the eastern oyster disease system in the USA as a case study","authors":"R. Carnegie","doi":"10.48045/001c.36859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.36859","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41758326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aquaculture is set to provide an increasing contribution to global seafood production and consumption by 2050. To facilitate sustainable growth and generation of safe, tradeable products attention must be focused on integration of diverse sustainability metrics into the supply chain – maximising the benefits to producers and consumers whilst minimising negative impacts on organisms grown in farms, and the environment in which aquaculture takes place. The One Health Aquaculture concept proposes a set of success metrics spanning animal-, human-, and environmental- health which may be used to underpin a new evidence, policy, and legislative framework for aquaculture sustainability.
{"title":"One Health Aquaculture – a personal perspective","authors":"G. Stentiford","doi":"10.48045/001c.35858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.35858","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture is set to provide an increasing contribution to global seafood production and consumption by 2050. To facilitate sustainable growth and generation of safe, tradeable products attention must be focused on integration of diverse sustainability metrics into the supply chain – maximising the benefits to producers and consumers whilst minimising negative impacts on organisms grown in farms, and the environment in which aquaculture takes place. The One Health Aquaculture concept proposes a set of success metrics spanning animal-, human-, and environmental- health which may be used to underpin a new evidence, policy, and legislative framework for aquaculture sustainability.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42129115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The question whether fish are worthy of moral consideration, and thus, can be included in humanity’s expanding moral circle, was first raised in the 1990s. After the turn of the millennium, “fish welfare” was used by more and more scientists in the field of aquaculture, animal advocates, politicians, legislators, the fish farming industry, and consumers (Kristiansen and Bracke, 2020). For several years, the widespread view amongst the scientific community was that welfare was intimately connected with the absence of stress and disease. There is no doubt that, stress, health, and welfare are strongly interrelated, but not in a simplistic manner. Stress response is an essential, genetically embedded, adaptive mechanism designed to secure survival and other critical biological functions. Therefore, it is crucial to determine, in a species- and life-stage specific way, at what point do we cross the red line that stress does impair fish welfare. We should also characterise allostatic load and overload, as well as coping styles and behavioural traits, over time and across situations, leading to differential stress response among proactive and reactive individuals. This is important as due to different gene x environmental interactions a given individual may show a different response following exposure to a stressor of the same nature, duration, and intensity, based on its cognitive capacity, cognitive ability and appraisal of the controllability and predictability of the situation or challenge (Korte et al., 2007).
{"title":"Welfare of farmed fish: moral considerations, science, and problems of implementation","authors":"M. Pavlidis","doi":"10.48045/001c.35754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.35754","url":null,"abstract":"The question whether fish are worthy of moral consideration, and thus, can be included in humanity’s expanding moral circle, was first raised in the 1990s. After the turn of the millennium, “fish welfare” was used by more and more scientists in the field of aquaculture, animal advocates, politicians, legislators, the fish farming industry, and consumers (Kristiansen and Bracke, 2020). For several years, the widespread view amongst the scientific community was that welfare was intimately connected with the absence of stress and disease. There is no doubt that, stress, health, and welfare are strongly interrelated, but not in a simplistic manner. Stress response is an essential, genetically embedded, adaptive mechanism designed to secure survival and other critical biological functions. Therefore, it is crucial to determine, in a species- and life-stage specific way, at what point do we cross the red line that stress does impair fish welfare. We should also characterise allostatic load and overload, as well as coping styles and behavioural traits, over time and across situations, leading to differential stress response among proactive and reactive individuals. This is important as due to different gene x environmental interactions a given individual may show a different response following exposure to a stressor of the same nature, duration, and intensity, based on its cognitive capacity, cognitive ability and appraisal of the controllability and predictability of the situation or challenge (Korte et al., 2007).","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42729708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Gorgoglione, C. Whipps, N. Stinton, T. Ito, C. M. Dover, S. Barón, K. Yuasa, M. Adamek, D. Verner-Jeffreys, O. Haenen
Ornamental and laboratory fish populations are part of the global trade and can spread pathogens around the world. Laboratory fish are widely used as model for biomedical research, which can be impacted by underestimated health conditions affecting the fish model. The global ornamental fish industry deals with a huge diversity of fish species. High mortality rate often causes significant losses, linked to polymicrobial infections facilitated by stressful conditions compromising host health, although accurate data on ornamental fish trade losses remain difficult to retrieve. Pet fish diseases can spread undetected between artificially recreated ecosystems, posing threats difficult to eradicate once established or when contaminating natural water systems. This 3-hour virtual workshop aimed at highlighting novel aspects of the pathobiology and diagnostics of infectious threats that could be spread through ornamental fishes and impact research using laboratory fish as biological models. In total, 108 participants from various countries all over the world joined this virtual workshop during the EAFP conference live streaming.
{"title":"Workshop report: Diseases of ornamental and laboratory fishes","authors":"B. Gorgoglione, C. Whipps, N. Stinton, T. Ito, C. M. Dover, S. Barón, K. Yuasa, M. Adamek, D. Verner-Jeffreys, O. Haenen","doi":"10.48045/001c.36235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.36235","url":null,"abstract":"Ornamental and laboratory fish populations are part of the global trade and can spread pathogens around the world. Laboratory fish are widely used as model for biomedical research, which can be impacted by underestimated health conditions affecting the fish model. The global ornamental fish industry deals with a huge diversity of fish species. High mortality rate often causes significant losses, linked to polymicrobial infections facilitated by stressful conditions compromising host health, although accurate data on ornamental fish trade losses remain difficult to retrieve. Pet fish diseases can spread undetected between artificially recreated ecosystems, posing threats difficult to eradicate once established or when contaminating natural water systems. This 3-hour virtual workshop aimed at highlighting novel aspects of the pathobiology and diagnostics of infectious threats that could be spread through ornamental fishes and impact research using laboratory fish as biological models. In total, 108 participants from various countries all over the world joined this virtual workshop during the EAFP conference live streaming.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41434993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Myxozoans are morphologically reduced and genetically derived cnidarian parasites that have acquired annelids and bryozoans as their primary hosts, and vertebrates, predominantly fish, as their secondary hosts. Several myxozoans are known pathogens impacting freshwater and marine aquaculture production systems, with some species classified as emerging pathogens promoted by climate change processes. Despite the obvious need, there is currently no general legalized treatment or vaccine for myxozoans. Solutions are delayed due to quirks in the biological and molecular characteristics of myxozoans, and by the lack of tools and consensus in research approaches used to tackle the most economically impactful myxozoans.
{"title":"Myxozoan Research Forum 2021 - the ‘MyxoMixer’: Advances, methods, and problems yet to be solved in myxozoan research","authors":"J. Holland, A. Holzer","doi":"10.48045/001c.36864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.36864","url":null,"abstract":"Myxozoans are morphologically reduced and genetically derived cnidarian parasites that have acquired annelids and bryozoans as their primary hosts, and vertebrates, predominantly fish, as their secondary hosts. Several myxozoans are known pathogens impacting freshwater and marine aquaculture production systems, with some species classified as emerging pathogens promoted by climate change processes. Despite the obvious need, there is currently no general legalized treatment or vaccine for myxozoans. Solutions are delayed due to quirks in the biological and molecular characteristics of myxozoans, and by the lack of tools and consensus in research approaches used to tackle the most economically impactful myxozoans.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41977609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Zrnčić, F. Padrós, S. Tavornapanich, N. Lorenzen, D. Volpatti, I. Mladineo, A. Manfrin, A. Sitjà-Bobadilla, E. Brun
Aquaculture of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) is an essential activity in the Mediterranean basin. Several EU Horizon 2020 and regional projects are focusing on the improvement of their farming performance. This workshop aimed at displaying, sharing and discussing projects’ achievements among interested colleagues engaged to work with fish diseases. The most innovative research outputs aiming to improve the European mariculture were presented during this workshop, including updates from EU Horizon 2020 projects MedAID, PerformFISH, ParaFishControl, FutureEUAqua and the Italy-Croatia Interreg project AdriAquaNet.
{"title":"Workshop: How outputs from EU projects can upgrade health management in the Mediterranean aquaculture","authors":"S. Zrnčić, F. Padrós, S. Tavornapanich, N. Lorenzen, D. Volpatti, I. Mladineo, A. Manfrin, A. Sitjà-Bobadilla, E. Brun","doi":"10.48045/001c.35854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48045/001c.35854","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaculture of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) is an essential activity in the Mediterranean basin. Several EU Horizon 2020 and regional projects are focusing on the improvement of their farming performance. This workshop aimed at displaying, sharing and discussing projects’ achievements among interested colleagues engaged to work with fish diseases. The most innovative research outputs aiming to improve the European mariculture were presented during this workshop, including updates from EU Horizon 2020 projects MedAID, PerformFISH, ParaFishControl, FutureEUAqua and the Italy-Croatia Interreg project AdriAquaNet.","PeriodicalId":55306,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49047054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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