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Comparison of the external load of professional goalkeepers in different weekly training sessions. 比较职业门将在每周不同训练中的外部负荷。
IF 5.6 2区 医学 Q1 Health Professions Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.129484
David Casamichana, Eider Barba, Andres Martín-García, Iñaki Ulloa, Fabio Yuzo Nakamura, Julen Castellano

The aim of this study was to compare the external load of professional goalkeepers (GKs) in different training sessions of the microcycle. Three professional GKs (age: 28.1 ± 6.9 years; stature: 190.1 ± 1.9 cm; body mass: 84.8 ± 1.1 kg) were monitored by GPS devices during different training sessions according to the days since/until the match day (MD) at MD+1, MD-4, MD-3, MD-2 and MD-1. Different external load measures were calculated: total distance, distance covered at > 14 km · h-1, acceleration load, player load, number of dives, dive load, number of explosive efforts of displacement, number of low intensity (< 0.3 m), medium intensity (0.3-0.4 m), high intensity (> 0.4 m) and medium-high intensity jumps (> 0.3 m). The results showed that there is a decrease in the external load as the GKs' training sessions approach the match, with the lowest value of external load observed at MD-1, and the highest external loads at MD+1 and MD-4. This analysis of the external load demands of professional soccer GKs provides new information that will be useful to inform professionals when planning and implementing training and/or recovery strategies for soccer GKs during the microcycle.

本研究旨在比较职业门将(GK)在不同微循环训练中的外部负荷。三名职业门将(年龄:28.1±6.9 岁;身材:190.1±1.9 厘米;体重:84.8±1.1 千克)在不同的训练课程中接受了 GPS 设备的监测,监测结果按照比赛日(MD)之后/之前的天数(MD+1、MD-4、MD-3、MD-2 和 MD-1)计算。计算了不同的外部负荷指标:总距离、> 14 公里-小时-1 的覆盖距离、加速负荷、球员负荷、俯冲次数、俯冲负荷、爆发力位移次数、低强度(< 0.3 米)、中等强度(0.3-0.4 米)、高强度(> 0.4 米)和中高强度跳跃(> 0.3 米)次数。结果表明,随着比赛的临近,GKs 训练课的外部负荷有所下降,在 MD-1 时外部负荷值最低,而在 MD+1 和 MD-4 时外部负荷最高。这项对职业足球守门员外部负荷需求的分析提供了新的信息,对专业人员规划和实施足球守门员微循环期间的训练和/或恢复策略很有帮助。
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引用次数: 0
Is muscle stiffness a determinant for range of motion in the leg muscles? 肌肉僵硬是腿部肌肉活动范围的决定因素吗?
IF 5.6 2区 医学 Q1 Health Professions Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-10 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.131821
Marina M Reiner, Markus Tilp, Masatoshi Nakamura, Andreas Konrad

Previous training studies with comprehensive stretching durations have reported that an increase in range of motion (ROM) can be related to decreases in muscle stiffness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the association between the passive muscle stiffness of three muscle groups (triceps surae, quadriceps, hamstrings) to the respective joint ROM. Thirty-six healthy male soccer players volunteered in this study. After a standardized warm-up, the muscle stiffness was tested via shear wave elastography in six muscles (gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis, rectus femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris long head). The hip extension, hip flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion ROM were also assessed with a modified Thomas test, a sit and reach test, and a standing wall push test, respectively. We found significant moderate to large correlations between hip flexion ROM and muscle stiffness for the semimembranosus (rP = -0.43; P = 0.01), biceps femoris long head (rP = -0.45; P = 0.01), and overall hamstring stiffness (rP = -0.50; P < 0.01). No significant correlations were found for triceps surae (rP = -0.12; P = 0.51 to 0.67) and rectus femoris muscle stiffness (rP = 0.25; P = 0.14) with ankle dorsiflexion and hip extension ROM, respectively. We conclude that muscle stiffness is an important contributor to hip flexion ROM, but less important for hip extension or ankle joint ROM. Additional contributors to ROM might be tendon stiffness or stretch/pain tolerance.

以往对综合拉伸持续时间的训练研究表明,活动范围(ROM)的增加与肌肉僵硬度的降低有关。因此,本研究旨在分析三组肌肉(肱三头肌、股四头肌、腘绳肌)的被动肌肉僵硬度与各自关节活动度之间的关联。36 名健康的男性足球运动员自愿参与了这项研究。经过标准化热身后,通过剪切波弹性成像测试了六块肌肉(腓肠肌内侧和外侧、股直肌、半腱肌、半膜肌和股二头肌长头)的肌肉硬度。髋关节伸展、髋关节屈曲和踝关节背屈的活动度也分别通过改良托马斯测试、坐位伸展测试和站立推墙测试进行了评估。我们发现,髋关节屈曲 ROM 与半膜肌肌肉僵硬度(rP = -0.43;P = 0.01)、股二头肌长头(rP = -0.45;P = 0.01)和腿筋整体僵硬度(rP = -0.50;P < 0.01)之间存在明显的中度至高度相关性。肱三头肌(rP = -0.12;P = 0.51 至 0.67)和股直肌僵硬度(rP = 0.25;P = 0.14)分别与踝关节背屈和髋关节伸展 ROM 无明显相关性。我们的结论是,肌肉僵硬是影响髋关节屈曲 ROM 的重要因素,但对髋关节伸展或踝关节 ROM 的影响较小。肌腱僵硬或拉伸/疼痛耐受性可能是影响 ROM 的其他因素。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of goalkeepers' offensive participation on team performance in the women Spanish La Liga: a multinomial logistic regression analysis. 守门员参与进攻对西班牙女子足球甲级联赛球队成绩的影响:多项式逻辑回归分析。
IF 5.6 2区 医学 Q1 Health Professions Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.125592
Claudio A Casal, Joseph A Stone, Iyán Iván-Baragaño, José L Losada

This study aimed to examine the effect of goalkeeper distribution on offensive team performance, during the 2018/2019 and 2019-2020 seasons of the Women Spanish La Liga. A total of 10,868 distributions, during 376 matches were analyzed by systematic observation. Two UEFA PRO coaches designed an ad hoc observation instrument "GOALDFOOT" and one observer coded the data after a training process. An intra-observer reliability kappa index of 0.94 was established. Results show how the offensive effectiveness of the goalkeepers was similar to outfield players, with 0.4% of possessions ending in a goal, 2.2% ending in an attempt on goal, with 79.4% ending unsuccessfully. The goalkeeper lost possession from their distribution 32.5% of the time. Multivariate analysis identified several predictors of goalkeepers' distributions. The results show that teams classified in the middle zone of the final classification of the regular league had 1.2 times more probability of being successful compared with the lowest ranked teams (p < 0.05). Goalkeeper's distribution beginning during Open play after a transition, represented an increase success rate of almost 3 times compared to being performed from a free kick (p < 0.05). Passes from outfield players to a goalkeeper made from distant zones to the own goal, decreased the probability of success (p < 0.001). The pitch location of the distribution outcome near to the opponent goal offered the best probability of success. In conclusion, the most effective offensive sequences occur with dynamic transitions initiated with short passes. This information can provide coaches and players with insights to improve the offensive performance of goalkeepers.

本研究旨在考察2018/2019赛季和2019-2020赛季女子西甲联赛中门将分布对进攻球队表现的影响。通过系统性观察,共分析了 376 场比赛中的 10 868 次门将分球。两名欧足联专业教练设计了一个临时观察工具 "GOALDFOOT",一名观察员在训练过程后对数据进行编码。观察者内部的可靠性卡帕指数为 0.94。结果显示,门将的进攻效率与外场球员相似,0.4% 的控球以进球告终,2.2% 的控球以试图射门告终,79.4% 的控球以失败告终。32.5%的情况下,守门员会从他们的分配中失去控球权。多变量分析确定了门将分布的几个预测因素。结果显示,与排名最低的球队相比,在常规联赛最终分类中处于中间区域的球队的成功概率要高出 1.2 倍(p < 0.05)。门将在转换后的公开赛中开始分球,与任意球相比,成功率提高了近 3 倍(p < 0.05)。外场球员传球给门将,从远距离区域传到本方球门,会降低成功概率(p < 0.001)。分配结果的球场位置靠近对方球门的成功概率最高。总之,最有效的进攻序列发生在以短传启动的动态转换中。这一信息可为教练和球员提供启示,以提高门将的进攻表现。
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引用次数: 0
Do small-sided games prepare players for the worst-case scenarios of match play in elite young soccer players? 小场比赛是否能让球员为精英青少年足球运动员在比赛中的最坏情况做好准备?
IF 5.6 2区 医学 Q1 Health Professions Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.127389
Vicente de Dios-Álvarez, Julen Castellano, Alexis Padrón-Cabo, Ezequiel Rey

The aim of the study was to determine whether the physical performance of young soccer player during various small sided games (SSGs) underloads, replicates or overloads the requirements of the worst-case scenarios (WCS) during match play. A total of 521 SSGs' individual observations and 15 different formats of SSGs with different areas per player (ApP) (ApP100: < 100; ApP200: ranged from 101 to 200; ApP300: > 201, all in m2 · player-1) were taken into consideration. Whole (90-min average; OM) and 15-, 5- and 1-min worst-case scenarios (WCS15, WCS5 and WCS1, respectively) were analysed. Total distance covered relative (m · min-1) (TDCR), high-speed distance relative (m · min-1) (HSDR), very high-speed distance relative (m · min-1) (VHSDR) and sprint distance relative (m · min-1) (SDR), player load relative (PLR) and both total (ACCR) and high intensity relative accelerations (n · min-1) (ACCHR) were collected. All external load measures analysed were significantly higher in WCS1 compared to WCS of longer duration and SSGs with different ApP (p < 0.001). The analysis demonstrated interactions between game type and player positions (p < 0.001) for TDCR, VHSDR, PLR and ACCHR. The SSG formats did not sufficiently stimulate the WCS for locomotor demands (VHSDR and SDR). SSGs played on an ApP100 overestimated the mechanical values compared to WCS15 and WCS5. The analysed SSG formats did not sufficiently stimulate players to cope with all external load demands that occurred during WCS1. This study provides useful information for practitioners on the heightened impact of different SSG formats on external load in relation to the WCS of competitive match play.

本研究旨在确定青少年足球运动员在各种小型比赛(SSGs)中的体能表现是否低于、复制或超过了比赛中最坏情况(WCS)的要求。共进行了 521 次单项小场比赛观察和 15 种不同形式的小场比赛观察,球员人均面积(ApP)各不相同(ApP100:< ApP100:小于 100;ApP200:从 101 到 200;ApP300:大于 201:> 均以平方米-球员-1 为单位)。对全程(90 分钟平均值;OM)和 15、5 和 1 分钟最差情况(分别为 WCS15、WCS5 和 WCS1)进行了分析。收集了相对总路程(米-分-1)(TDCR)、相对高速路程(米-分-1)(HSDR)、相对超高速路程(米-分-1)(VHSDR)和相对短跑路程(米-分-1)(SDR)、相对运动员负荷(PLR)以及总加速度(ACCR)和高强度相对加速度(n-分-1)(ACCHR)。与持续时间较长的 WCS 和 ApP 不同的 SSG 相比,WCS1 的所有外部负荷分析指标都明显较高(p < 0.001)。分析表明,在 TDCR、VHSDR、PLR 和 ACCHR 方面,游戏类型和运动员位置之间存在相互作用(p < 0.001)。SSG形式不能充分刺激WCS的运动需求(VHSDR和SDR)。与 WCS15 和 WCS5 相比,在 ApP100 上播放的 SSG 高估了机械值。所分析的 SSG 形式无法充分刺激运动员应对 WCS1 期间出现的所有外部负荷需求。这项研究为从业人员提供了有用的信息,帮助他们了解不同的 SSG 形式对外部负荷的影响与竞技比赛的 WCS 之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Ages at peak height velocity in male soccer players 11-16 years: relationships with skeletal age and comparisons among longitudinal studies. 11-16 岁男性足球运动员的身高速度峰值年龄:与骨骼年龄的关系以及纵向研究之间的比较。
IF 4.2 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.127385
Robert M Malina, Miroslav Králík, Sławomir M Kozieł, Sean P Cumming, Jan M Konarski, Paulo Sousa-E-Silva, Diogo V Martinho, Antonio J Figueiredo, Manuel J Coelho-E-Silva

Estimated ages at take-off (TO) and at peak height velocity (PHV) based on two models and maturity status based upon age at PHV and skeletal age (SA) were compared in a longitudinal sample of male soccer players. In addition, estimated ages at PHV in 13 longitudinal samples of soccer players were compared. The longitudinal height records of 58 players of European ancestry, measured annually on four or five occasions between 11 and 16 years, were modeled with Superimposition by Translation and Rotation (SITAR) and Functional Principal Component Analysis (FPCA) to estimate ages at TO and PHV. SAs were assessed with the Fels method. Ages at PHV in 13 longitudinal samples of soccer players (Europe 7, Japan 6) were evaluated with meta-analysis. Estimated ages at TO, 11.2 ± 0.8 (SITAR) and 11.0 ± 0.8 (FCPA) years, and at PHV, 13.6 ± 0.9 (SITAR) and 13.7 ± 0.0 (FCPA) years, were similar. An earlier age at PHV was associated with advanced skeletal maturity status (rho = -0.77 at ~14 years). Ages at PHV among European players indicated a north (later) - south (earlier) gradient, and were later than ages at PHV among Japanese players. In summary, ages at TO and PHV were similar with SITAR and FPCA, and ages at PHV were most strongly correlated with SA at ~14 years. Mean ages at PHV showed a north-south gradient among European samples, and were later compared to Japanese samples.

我们比较了男性足球运动员纵向样本中起飞(TO)和高度峰值速度(PHV)时的估计年龄(基于两种模型)以及成熟状态(基于高度峰值速度时的年龄和骨骼年龄(SA))。此外,还比较了 13 个足球运动员纵向样本中 PHV 时的估计年龄。对 58 名欧洲血统球员的纵向身高记录(在 11 至 16 岁期间每年测量四次或五次)进行了平移和旋转叠加法(SITAR)和功能主成分分析法(FPCA)建模,以估计 TO 和 PHV 年龄。用 Fels 方法评估了 SAs。对 13 个足球运动员纵向样本(欧洲 7 个,日本 6 个)的 PHV 年龄进行了荟萃分析评估。TO的估计年龄为11.2 ± 0.8(SITAR)岁和11.0 ± 0.8(FCPA)岁,PHV的估计年龄为13.6 ± 0.9(SITAR)岁和13.7 ± 0.0(FCPA)岁。较早的 PHV 年龄与较高的骨骼成熟度有关(约 14 岁时的 rho = -0.77)。欧洲球员的 PHV 年龄呈现北(晚)南(早)梯度,比日本球员的 PHV 年龄晚。总之,TO 和 PHV 年龄与 SITAR 和 FPCA 相似,PHV 年龄在 14 岁左右与 SA 的相关性最强。欧洲样本的 PHV 平均年龄呈现南北梯度,与日本样本相比,欧洲样本的 PHV 平均年龄较晚。
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引用次数: 0
Disentangling the dynamic interplay between muscle damage and energetics in male boxers during a short training block. 厘清男子拳击运动员在短时训练中肌肉损伤与能量之间的动态相互作用。
IF 5.6 2区 医学 Q1 Health Professions Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.127383
Zbigniew Obmiński, Blair T Crewther, Christian J Cook

Boxing is a combat sport linked to muscle damage (e.g., soreness, rising creatine kinase [CK]) and energetic biomarkers (e.g., urea, glucose). These factors have not, however, been examined dynamically in terms of day-to-day, lagged and reciprocal effects during normal training. This study investigated the dynamic interplay between muscle damage and energetics in male boxers during a short training block. Thirteen amateur boxers were monitored over 16 consecutive days during early-season training. The participants were assessed each morning for plasma CK, urea, glucose, and creatinine (days 1 and 16 only) concentrations, before self-reporting muscle soreness (1-10 scale). Within-person contemporaneous (lag-0) and temporal (lag-1) networks were estimated using multilevel vector autoregression. Muscle soreness, CK, urea, and glucose presented different trajectories with training, but with some heterogeneity reflecting within-person variances (47% to 78%). The contemporaneous network yielded a significant positive edge (or correlation) between CK and soreness (r = 0.44), along with negative CK-glucose and glucose-urea edges. More significant edges emerged in the temporal network, with soreness linked to CK (r = 0.19), glucose (r = -0.28) and urea (r = 0.22), whilst the CK-glucose edge sign switched. In summary, daily fluctuations in muscle damage and energetic activity, which presented in a normal physiological range, were highly variable among boxers during early-season training. Within-person networks indicated some interrelatedness between CK, soreness, urea, and glucose, although the nature and presence of these relationships were contingent on temporal ordering. These inconsistences reflect the pleiotropy of energetic biomarkers in training and recovery.

拳击是一项与肌肉损伤(如酸痛、肌酸激酶[CK]升高)和能量生物标志物(如尿素、葡萄糖)有关的格斗运动。然而,这些因素在正常训练中的日间效应、滞后效应和相互影响尚未得到动态研究。本研究调查了男性拳击手在短时训练中肌肉损伤和能量之间的动态相互作用。在赛季初的训练中,对 13 名业余拳击手进行了连续 16 天的监测。每天早上对参与者进行血浆肌酸激酶、尿素、葡萄糖和肌酐(仅第 1 天和第 16 天)浓度评估,然后对肌肉酸痛(1-10 级)进行自我报告。使用多层次向量自回归估算了人体内的同期(滞后-0)和时间(滞后-1)网络。肌肉酸痛、肌酸激酶、尿素和血糖随训练呈现出不同的轨迹,但有一些异质性,反映了人内差异(47% 到 78%)。同期网络在肌酸激酶和酸痛之间产生了显著的正向边缘(或相关性)(r = 0.44),同时也产生了肌酸激酶-葡萄糖和葡萄糖-尿素的负向边缘。在时间网络中出现了更多重要的边缘,酸痛与肌酸激酶(r = 0.19)、葡萄糖(r = -0.28)和尿素(r = 0.22)相关,而肌酸激酶-葡萄糖边缘的符号发生了变化。总之,在赛季初的训练中,拳击手肌肉损伤和能量活动的每日波动在正常生理范围内呈现出很大差异。人内网络显示肌酸激酶、酸痛、尿素和葡萄糖之间存在一定的相互关系,尽管这些关系的性质和存在取决于时间排序。这些不一致反映了能量生物标志物在训练和恢复中的多义性。
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引用次数: 0
Hamstring muscle injury is preceded by a short period of higher running demands in professional football players. 职业足球运动员在短时间的高强度奔跑后,腘绳肌就会受伤。
IF 5.6 2区 医学 Q1 Health Professions Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.127387
Victor Moreno-Perez, Víctor Sotos-Martínez, Alejandro Lopez-Valenciano, Roberto Lopez Del-Campo, Ricardo Resta, Juan Del Coso

The aim of this study was to examine match running patterns before a hamstring muscle injury occurs during a match in male professional football players. A total of 281 male professional football players belonging to 7 teams from LaLiga were prospectively monitored over three seasons. Among these, 36 players suffered a non-contact hamstring muscle injury during an official match. The injuries were recorded by the medical staff, including the minute when the injury occurred. Running distances at different speed thresholds for 5 min and 15 min before the injury were compared to mean values of the previous 5 matches for the same time points. There were a total of 44 non-contact hamstring muscle injuries, which represents a hamstring muscle injury incidence of 3.34 injuries/1000 h of match exposure. The average time loss for these injuries was 33 ± 28 days (range 7 to 117 days). In the 15 min prior to the injury, players ran a similar distance as in control matches (p from 0.22 to 0.08). However, players ran a greater distance in the 5-min period before the injury than in control matches at 21.0-23.9 km/h (p < 0.001) and at ≥ 24 km/h (p < 0.001). The odds ratio for a hamstring muscle injury was 7.147 for those players who ran > 30.0 m at ≥ 21 km/h in a 5-min period (p < 0.001). Hamstring muscle injuries during competition were preceded by 5 min of higher running demands at > 21 km/h, compared with control matches. This suggests that a short period of unusual running increases the risk of hamstring muscle injury in professional football players.

本研究的目的是研究男性职业足球运动员在比赛中腿筋肌肉受伤前的跑步模式。研究人员对西甲 7 支球队的 281 名男性职业足球运动员进行了为期三个赛季的前瞻性监测。其中,36 名球员在正式比赛中发生了非接触性腿筋肌肉损伤。医务人员对受伤情况进行了记录,包括受伤发生的时间。受伤前 5 分钟和 15 分钟在不同速度阈值下的跑步距离与相同时间点前 5 场比赛的平均值进行了比较。共有 44 例非接触性腿筋肌肉损伤,这意味着腿筋肌肉损伤发生率为 3.34 例/1000 小时比赛接触。这些受伤的平均时间损失为 33 ± 28 天(范围为 7 至 117 天)。在受伤前的 15 分钟内,球员的跑步距离与对照组比赛相似(P 从 0.22 到 0.08)。然而,与对照组比赛相比,球员在受伤前 5 分钟内以 21.0-23.9 千米/小时(p < 0.001)和≥ 24 千米/小时(p < 0.001)的速度奔跑的距离更大。在 5 分钟内以≥ 21 千米/小时的速度跑> 30.0 米的球员腿筋肌肉受伤的几率为 7.147(p < 0.001)。与对照组比赛相比,比赛期间腘绳肌受伤之前的 5 分钟内以大于 21 公里/小时的速度奔跑的要求更高。这表明,短时间的异常奔跑会增加职业足球运动员腿筋肌肉受伤的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Do players with superior physiological attributes outwork their less-conditioned counterparts? A study in Gaelic football. 生理条件优越的球员会比身体条件较差的球员更努力吗?盖尔足球研究。
IF 5.6 2区 医学 Q1 Health Professions Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.129479
Lorcan S Daly, Ciarán Ó Catháin, David T Kelly

This study investigated the association of physiological attributes with in-game workload measures during competitive Gaelic football match-play. Fifty-two male developmental level Gaelic football players (mean ± SD; age: 22.9 ± 3.8 years) underwent measurements of anthropometric characteristics, running speed, muscular strength and power, blood lactate (BLa), running economy and aerobic capacity during two separate testing visits. Global Positioning System units (18-Hz) were used to record players in-game workloads during a competitive match 1-week following the baseline physiological assessments. Results indicated that players body fat percentage, drop jump height (DJ) and running velocity at 4 mmol · L-1 BLa were significantly associated with the number of high-speed runs completed (Adjusted R2 26.8% to 39.5%; p < 0.05) while 20 m running speed, running velocity at 2 mmol · L-1 BLa and DJ were significantly associated with the number of accelerations completed (Adjusted R2 17.2% to 22.0%; p < 0.05) during match-play. Additionally, aerobic capacity and body fat percentage were significantly associated with total distance (Adjusted R2 14.4% to 22.4%; p < 0.05) while body fat percentage, DJ and 20 m running speed were significantly associated with high-speed distance (Adjusted R2 17.8% to 22.0%; p < 0.05). Players were also divided into higher-standard and lower-standard groups using a median split of these physiological attributes. Players in the higher-standard groups completed significantly more high-speed runs and accelerations and covered significantly larger total and high-speed distances (+10.4% to +36.8%; ES = 0.67 to 0.88; p < 0.05) when compared to the lower-standard groups. This study demonstrates that superior levels of physical conditioning are associated with larger in-game workloads during Gaelic football match-play.

本研究调查了盖尔足球比赛中生理特征与比赛中工作量测量之间的关系。52 名男子盖尔足球运动员(平均值 ± SD;年龄:22.9 ± 3.8 岁)在两次单独的测试中接受了人体测量特征、跑步速度、肌肉力量和功率、血乳酸(BLa)、跑步经济性和有氧能力的测量。在进行基线生理评估一周后的一场竞技比赛中,使用全球定位系统装置(18 赫兹)记录球员在比赛中的工作量。结果表明,球员的体脂率、落跳高度(DJ)和在 4 mmol - L-1 BLa 下的跑步速度与完成高速跑的次数显著相关(调整后的 R2 为 26.8% 至 39.5%;p < 0.05),而 20 米跑步速度、在 2 mmol - L-1 BLa 下的跑步速度和 DJ 与完成加速跑的次数显著相关(调整后的 R2 为 17.2% 至 22.0%;p < 0.05)。此外,有氧能力和体脂率与总距离显著相关(调整后 R2 为 14.4% 至 22.4%;p < 0.05),而体脂率、DJ 和 20 米跑速度与高速距离显著相关(调整后 R2 为 17.8% 至 22.0%;p < 0.05)。还根据这些生理特征的中位数将球员分为高标准组和低标准组。与低标准组相比,高标准组球员完成的高速跑和加速度明显更多,总距离和高速距离也明显更大(+10.4% 至 +36.8%;ES = 0.67 至 0.88;p < 0.05)。这项研究表明,在盖尔足球比赛中,较高水平的体能调节与较大的赛内工作量有关。
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引用次数: 0
Pupillometry as a new window to player fatigue? A glimpse inside the eyes of a Euro Cup Women's Basketball team. 瞳孔测量是了解球员疲劳的新窗口?欧洲杯女子篮球队眼中的一瞥。
IF 5.6 2区 医学 Q1 Health Professions Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.125590
Thomas Huyghe, Julio Calleja-González, Stephen P Bird, Pedro E Alcaraz

A rapidly emerging area of interest in high-pressure environments is that of pupillometry, where handheld quantitative infrared pupillometers (HQIPs) are able to track psycho-physiological fatigue in a fast, objective, valid, reliable, and non-invasive manner. However, the application of HQIPs in the context of athlete monitoring is yet to be determined. Therefore, the main aim of this pilot study was to examine the potential usefulness of a HQIP to monitor game-induced fatigue inside a professional female basketball setting by determining its (1) test-retest repeatability, (2) relationship with other biomarkers of game-induced fatigue, and (3) time-course from rested to fatigued states. A non-ophthalmologic practitioner performed a standardized Pupil Light Reflex (PLR) test using a medically graded HQIP among 9 professional female basketball players (2020-2021 Euro Cup) at baseline, 24-h pre-game (GD-1), 24-h post-game (GD+1) and 48-h post-game (GD+2). This was repeated over four subsequent games, equalling a total of 351 observations per eye. Two out of seven pupillometrics displayed good ICCs (0.95-0.99) (MinD and MaxD). Strong significant relationships were found between MaxD, MinD, and all registered biomarkers of game-induced fatigue (r = 0.69-0.82, p < 0.05), as well as between CV, MCV, and cognitive, lower-extremity muscle, and physiological fatigue markers (r = 0.74-0.76, p < 0.05). Three pupillometrics were able to detect a significant difference between rested and fatigued states. In particular, PC (right) (F = 5.173, η2 = 0.115 p = 0.028) and MCV (right) (F = 3.976, η2 = 0.090 p = 0.049) significantly decreased from baseline to GD+2, and LAT (left) (F = 4.023, η2 = 0.109 p = 0.009) significantly increased from GD-1 to GD+2. HQIPs have opened a new window of opportunity for monitoring game-induced fatigue in professional female basketball players. However, future research initiatives across larger and heterogenous samples, and longer investigation periods, are required to expand upon these preliminary findings.

瞳孔测量法是高压环境中一个迅速崛起的领域,手持式定量红外瞳孔测量仪(HQIPs)能够以快速、客观、有效、可靠和无创的方式跟踪心理生理疲劳。然而,HQIPs 在运动员监测方面的应用还有待确定。因此,本试验研究的主要目的是通过确定 HQIP(1)测试-重复测试的可重复性;(2)与其他比赛疲劳生物标志物的关系;(3)从休息状态到疲劳状态的时间过程,检验 HQIP 在专业女子篮球比赛中监测比赛疲劳的潜在作用。一名非眼科医生在基线、赛前 24 小时(GD-1)、赛后 24 小时(GD+1)和赛后 48 小时(GD+2)对 9 名职业女篮运动员(2020-2021 年欧洲杯)使用医学分级 HQIP 进行了标准化瞳孔光反射(PLR)测试。这一过程在随后的四场比赛中重复进行,每只眼睛共观察 351 次。七项瞳孔测量中有两项显示出良好的 ICCs(0.95-0.99)(MinD 和 MaxD)。在 MaxD、MinD 和所有已登记的游戏诱发疲劳生物标志物(r = 0.69-0.82,p < 0.05)之间,以及在 CV、MCV 和认知、下肢肌肉和生理疲劳标志物(r = 0.74-0.76,p < 0.05)之间,都发现了很强的显着关系。三种瞳孔测量法能够检测出休息状态和疲劳状态之间的显著差异。其中,PC(右)(F = 5.173,η2 = 0.115 p = 0.028)和 MCV(右)(F = 3.976,η2 = 0.090 p = 0.049)从基线到 GD+2 显著下降,而 LAT(左)(F = 4.023,η2 = 0.109 p = 0.009)从 GD-1 到 GD+2 显著增加。HQIPs 为监测职业女篮运动员比赛引起的疲劳打开了一扇新的机会之窗。然而,未来的研究还需要在更大的异质样本和更长的调查期内进行,以扩展这些初步发现。
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引用次数: 0
A comparison in knee flexor and extensor strength following ACL reconstruction in international, male soccer players receiving patellar tendon or hamstrings grafts. 接受髌腱或腘绳肌移植的国际男子足球运动员在前交叉韧带重建后膝关节屈伸力量的比较。
IF 5.6 2区 医学 Q1 Health Professions Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-19 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.129471
Andreja Milutinović, Vladimir Jakovljević, Milinko Dabović, Aaron T Scanlan, Dragan Radovanović, Aleksandra Orlova, Emilija Stojanović

The aim of this study was to compare knee extensor and flexor strength recovery following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction between bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) and hamstring tendon (HT) grafts in international male soccer players undergoing comparable 6-month rehabilitation programmes. Seventeen players underwent ACL reconstruction with either an autogenous BPTB graft or HT graft. Knee extensor and flexor peak torques were measured at 3 months and 6 months in the injured and contralateral legs following surgery using isokinetic dynamometry. The moderate-large asymmetries in knee extensor peak torque between legs at 3 months across graft types (BPTB: p = 0.002, g = -0.94; HT: p = 0.02, g = -0.55) were reduced to trivial asymmetries at 6 months (BPTB: p = 0.30, g = -0.19; HT: p = 0.40, g = -0.16), with a non-significant difference in limb symmetry index (LSI) between grafts at 6 months (p = 0.62, g = -0.24). Similarly, moderate-large asymmetries in knee flexor peak torque between legs at 3 months across graft types (BPTB: p = 0.13, g = -0.50; HT: p = 0.01, g = -0.97) were reduced to trivial-small asymmetries at 6 months (BPTB: p = 0.25, g = 0.18; HT: p = 0.01, g = -0.47); however, a superior LSI was evident with BPTB compared to HT grafts at 6 months (p = 0.007, g = 1.43, large). Strength and conditioning professionals working with soccer players who are rehabilitating from ACL reconstruction after receiving a HT graft should give adequate attention to delivering suitable hamstring exercises that ensure optimal strength restoration.

本研究的目的是比较国际男子足球运动员在前十字韧带(ACL)重建术后膝关节伸屈力量的恢复情况,比较采用骨-髌腱-骨(BPTB)和腘绳肌腱(HT)两种移植方式的恢复情况,并进行为期 6 个月的康复训练。17 名球员接受了自体 BPTB 或 HT 前交叉韧带重建术。在手术后 3 个月和 6 个月,使用等动测力计测量了受伤腿和对侧腿的膝关节伸屈峰值扭矩。3个月时,不同移植物类型的双腿之间的膝关节伸肌峰值扭矩存在中度-高度不对称(BPTB:p = 0.002,g = -0.94;HT:p = 0.02,g = -0.55),而6个月时,这种不对称已减少到微不足道的程度。在 6 个月时,不同移植物之间的肢体对称性指数(LSI)差异不显著(p = 0.62,g = -0.24),而在 3 个月时,不同移植物之间的肢体不对称程度降至微不足道(BPTB:p = 0.30,g = -0.19;HT:p = 0.40,g = -0.16)。同样,在 3 个月时,不同移植物类型之间的膝关节屈肌峰值扭矩存在中度-高度不对称(BPTB:p = 0.13,g = -0.50;HT:p = 0.01,g = -0.97),但在 6 个月时,这种不对称已减少到微不足道的程度。然而,与 HT 移植物相比,BPTB 移植物在 6 个月时的 LSI 明显优于 HT 移植物(p = 0.007,g = 1.43,大)。前交叉韧带重建后接受 HT 移植的足球运动员在进行康复训练时,力量和调理专业人员应充分重视提供合适的腘绳肌练习,以确保最佳的力量恢复。
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引用次数: 0
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Biology of Sport
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