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Discrimination and Abuse Among Healthcare Workers from Patients and their Relatives at a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya. 肯尼亚一家三级医院医护人员对患者及其亲属的歧视和虐待。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2023.2238104
Farah Alnoor Ebrahim, Jasmit Shah, Karishma Sharma, Nancy Kunyiha, Robert Korom, Sayed K Ali

Discrimination and abuse of healthcare workers (HCWs) by patients and their relatives remains a pressing and prevalent problem in various healthcare settings, negatively affecting professional outcomes. Despite this, little has been reported about discrimination and abuse in many low- and middle-income countries such as Kenya. We conducted a cross-sectional survey study between May - August 2021 among healthcare workers at a hospital in Kenya. Email invitations were sent, and the survey was in English, and the data was collected through and online survey. Discrimination based on gender was reported by 24.9% of all HCWs; 39.9% of doctors, 17.2% of nurses, and 10.9% of allied staff whereas racial discrimination was reported by 28.8% of all HCWs; 49.0% of doctors, 18.9% of nurses, and 8.9% of allied staff. Verbal or emotional abuse was the most common form of abuse and was reported by 56.8% of all HCWs while physical abuse was reported by 4.9% of all HCWs. For those that reported discrimination based on gender, 77.4% reported patient and their family members as the main source, whereas 81.2% of those that reported discrimination based on race reported the main source was from patient and their family members. Despite strict laws against discrimination and abuse, a significant portion of healthcare providers suffer from discrimination and abuse primarily from patients and their family members. In addition to education programs and policies to curb such behavior in the work environment, coping mechanisms should be actively sought to help healthcare providers deal with such actions.

患者及其亲属对医护人员(HCWs)的歧视和虐待仍然是各种医疗环境中普遍存在的紧迫问题,对专业成果产生了负面影响。尽管如此,在肯尼亚等许多中低收入国家,有关歧视和虐待的报道却很少。我们在 2021 年 5 月至 8 月期间对肯尼亚一家医院的医护人员进行了一项横断面调查研究。我们发送了电子邮件邀请函,使用英语进行调查,并通过在线调查收集数据。在所有医护人员中,24.9%的人报告了性别歧视;39.9%的医生、17.2%的护士和10.9%的专职人员报告了种族歧视,而在所有医护人员中,28.8%的人报告了种族歧视;49.0%的医生、18.9%的护士和8.9%的专职人员报告了种族歧视。口头或情感虐待是最常见的虐待形式,有 56.8%的家政服务人员报告了这种形式,而有 4.9%的家政服务人员报告了身体虐待。在报告性别歧视的医护人员中,77.4%的医护人员报告主要来自病人及其家属,而在报告种族歧 视的医护人员中,81.2%的医护人员报告主要来自病人及其家属。尽管法律严格禁止歧视和虐待,但仍有相当一部分医疗服务提供者遭受歧视和虐待,主要来自患者及其家庭成员。除了通过教育计划和政策来遏制工作环境中的此类行为外,还应积极寻求应对机制,帮助医疗服务提供者处理此类行为。
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引用次数: 0
Black Women's Maternal Health: Insights From Community Based Participatory Research in Newark, New Jersey. 黑人妇女的孕产妇健康:新泽西州纽瓦克市社区参与式研究的启示》。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2023.2226852
Leslie M Kantor, Naomi Cruz, Christiana Adams, Constance Akhimien, Fauziyya Allibay Abdulkadir, Cherriece Battle, Maria Oluwayemi, Olanike Salimon, Sang Hee Won, Sophee Niraula, Teri Lassiter

This study on Black women's maternal health engaged a group of six community members in a community based participatory research project in a state with one of the largest racial disparities in maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity in the United States. The community members conducted 31 semi-structured interviews with other Black women who had given birth within the past 3 years to examine their experiences throughout the perinatal and post-partum period. Four main themes emerged: (1) challenges related to the structure of healthcare, including insurance gaps, long wait times, lack of co-location of services, and financial challenges for both insured and uninsured people; (2) negative experiences with healthcare providers, including dismissal of concerns, lack of listening, and missed opportunities for relationship building; (3) preference for racial concordance with providers and experiences with discrimination across multiple dimensions; and (4) mental health concerns and lack of social support. CBPR is a research methodology that could be more widely deployed to illuminate the experiences of community members in order to develop solutions to complex problems. The results indicate that Black women's maternal health will benefit from multi-level interventions with changes driven by insights from Black women.

这项关于黑人妇女孕产妇健康的研究让六名社区成员参与了一个基于社区的参与式研究项目,该州是美国孕产妇死亡率和严重孕产妇发病率种族差异最大的州之一。这些社区成员对过去 3 年内分娩的其他黑人妇女进行了 31 次半结构式访谈,以了解她们在围产期和产后的经历。访谈中出现了四大主题:(1)与医疗保健结构相关的挑战,包括保险缺口、等待时间长、缺乏同地服务,以及投保和未投保者面临的财务挑战;(2)与医疗保健提供者的负面经历,包括忽视关注点、缺乏倾听,以及错失建立关系的机会;(3)偏好与提供者的种族一致性,以及遭受多方面歧视的经历;以及(4)心理健康问题和缺乏社会支持。CBPR 是一种研究方法,可以更广泛地用于揭示社区成员的经历,从而为复杂问题制定解决方案。研究结果表明,黑人妇女的孕产妇健康将受益于多层次的干预措施,黑人妇女的见解将推动变革。
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引用次数: 0
The Indirect Effects of Recalled Trauma Severity on Pain Ratings among People with Fibromyalgia: a Moderated Mediation Model. 回忆创伤严重程度对纤维肌痛患者疼痛评分的间接影响:一个适度中介模型。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2023.2196389
Linda Thompson, Angelina Van Dyne, Melody Sadler, Terry Cronan

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is a chronic musculoskeletal condition that is accompanied by hypersensitivity to pain. Researchers have examined factors that affect pain ratings among people with FM, such as trauma, depressive symptoms, and coping; however, collectively, the interrelationships among this set of variables, and their relationships to pain, have not been examined. To better understand these relationships, a moderated-mediation model was used to examine how recalled trauma severity, depressive symptoms, relative emotion-focused coping relate to pain ratings. There were 501 participants who were primarily female, White, and ranged in age from 20 to 84 years. All participants had a physician's diagnosis of FM. The results indicated a significant moderated-mediation. Depressive symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between recalled trauma severity and pain ratings, such that greater trauma severity related to more depressive symptoms which in turn were associated with more pain. The mediation chain was moderated by relative emotion-focused coping (i.e., the proportion of emotion-focused coping compared to problem-focused coping), such that when relative emotion-focused coping was used at higher levels, the relationship between recalled trauma severity and depressive symptoms significantly weakened, reducing the indirect association between recalled trauma severity and pain ratings. The findings from the present study indicate that a treatment approach that includes a trauma-focused therapy such as exposure therapy or Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy should be tested to determine whether these treatments can reduce the impact of past traumas, improve depressive symptoms, decrease pain ratings, and promote more adaptive coping among people with FM.

纤维肌痛综合征(FM)是一种伴随对疼痛过敏的慢性肌肉骨骼疾病。研究人员研究了影响FM患者疼痛评分的因素,如创伤、抑郁症状和应对;然而,总的来说,这组变量之间的相互关系,以及它们与疼痛的关系,还没有得到检验。为了更好地理解这些关系,我们使用了一个有调节的中介模型来研究回忆创伤严重程度、抑郁症状、相对以情绪为中心的应对方式与疼痛评分的关系。共有501名参与者,主要是女性、白人,年龄从20岁到84岁不等 年。所有参与者都有一个医生诊断的FM。结果表明一个显著的适度调解。抑郁症状显著介导了回忆创伤严重程度和疼痛评级之间的关系,因此创伤严重程度越大,抑郁症状越多,而抑郁症状又与更多的疼痛相关。中介链受到相对情绪集中应对的调节(即情绪集中应对与问题集中应对相比的比例),因此当相对情绪集中的应对在更高水平上使用时,回忆创伤严重程度与抑郁症状之间的关系显著减弱,减少了回忆创伤严重程度和疼痛评级之间的间接关联。本研究的结果表明,应该测试一种治疗方法,包括以创伤为重点的治疗,如暴露治疗或情绪意识和表达治疗,以确定这些治疗是否可以减少过去创伤的影响,改善抑郁症状,降低疼痛评分,并促进FM患者更具适应性的应对。
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引用次数: 0
Sociocultural Antecedents and Mechanisms of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Mexican-Origin Youth. 墨西哥裔青少年接种 COVID-19 疫苗的社会文化前因和机制。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2024.2355117
Su Yeong Kim, Wen Wen, Kiera M Coulter, Hin Wing Tse, Yayu Du, Shanting Chen, Yang Hou, Yishan Shen

Mexican-origin youth, as a large and growing population among U.S. youth, have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Understanding what, when, and how sociocultural factors may influence their COVID-19 vaccine uptake could inform current and future pandemic-response interventions promoting vaccination behaviors among Mexican-origin youth. The current study takes a developmental approach to reveal the long-term and short-term sociocultural antecedents of 198 Mexican-origin adolescents' COVID-19 vaccination uptake behaviors and explores the underlying mechanism of these associations based on the Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior model. The current study adopted Wave 1 (2012-2015) and Wave 4 (2021-2022) self-reported data from a larger study. Analyses were conducted to examine four mediation models for four sociocultural antecedents-daily discrimination, ethnic discrimination, foreigner stress, and family economic stress-separately. Consistent indirect effects of higher levels of concurrent sociocultural risk factors on a lower probability of COVID-19 vaccine uptake were observed to occur through less knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccines and less positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccines at Wave 4. Significant direct effects, but in opposite directions, were found for the associations between Wave 1 ethnic discrimination/Wave 4 daily discrimination and the probability of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. The findings highlight the importance of considering prior and concurrent sociocultural antecedents and the Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior pathway leading to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among Mexican-origin youth and suggest that the impact of discrimination on COVID-19 vaccination uptake may depend on the type (e.g., daily or ethnic) and the context (e.g., during the COVID-19 pandemic or not) of discrimination experienced.

墨西哥裔青年是美国青年中一个庞大且不断增长的群体,他们受到 COVID-19 的影响尤为严重。了解哪些社会文化因素、何时以及如何影响他们对 COVID-19 疫苗的接种,可以为当前和未来促进墨西哥裔青少年疫苗接种行为的大流行应对干预措施提供参考。本研究采用发展的方法揭示了 198 名墨西哥裔青少年 COVID-19 疫苗接种行为的长期和短期社会文化前因,并基于知识-态度-行为模型探讨了这些关联的内在机制。本研究采用了一项大型研究中的第 1 波(2012-2015 年)和第 4 波(2021-2022 年)自我报告数据。研究分析了四个社会文化前因(日常歧视、民族歧视、外国人压力和家庭经济压力)的四个中介模型。我们观察到,在第 4 波时,较高水平的并发社会文化风险因素对较低的 COVID-19 疫苗接种概率产生了一致的间接影响,即对 COVID-19 疫苗的了解较少,对 COVID-19 疫苗的态度较不积极。在第 1 波民族歧视/第 4 波日常歧视与 COVID-19 疫苗接种概率之间发现了显著的直接影响,但方向相反。这些发现强调了考虑先前和同时存在的社会文化前因以及知识-态度-行为途径对墨西哥裔青少年接种 COVID-19 疫苗的重要性,并表明歧视对接种 COVID-19 疫苗的影响可能取决于所经历的歧视类型(如日常歧视或种族歧视)和背景(如是否在 COVID-19 大流行期间)。
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引用次数: 0
Preferred Behavior Change Techniques for Physical Activity Interventions among Persons Newly Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis: A Qualitative Study. 新诊断为多发性硬化症患者的体育锻炼干预首选行为改变技术:定性研究。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2024.2355131
Trinh L T Huynh, Whitney N Neal, Elizabeth A Barstow, Robert W Motl

There is increasing interest by researchers and clinicians in behavior change interventions for promoting physical activity in persons newly diagnosed with MS. Ideally, such interventions require the delivery of behavior change techniques (BCTs) based on theory and the selection of BCTs might further require tailoring for this MS subpopulation. The current study examined BCTs preferred by persons newly diagnosed with MS for informing the design and delivery of physical activity behavior change interventions in early-stages of MS. We recruited and interviewed 20 persons newly diagnosed with MS (i.e., disease duration ≤ 2 years). The interviews were conducted online via video conferencing platform and followed a semi-structured script. During the interviews, participants provided opinions regarding an ideal physical activity behavior change program, and the opinions of participants were mapped with the Intervention Functions of the Behavior Change Wheel, BCTs, and BCT groups. Ten frequently mentioned BCTs were identified as preferred strategies for a physical activity behavior change intervention among persons newly diagnosed with MS. These BCTs focused on providing social support, skills and strategies for physical activity performance and regulation, and knowledge on benefits of physical activity in MS. This research provides a refined list of BCTs that can be included when designing tailored physical activity behavior change interventions for persons newly diagnosed with MS.

研究人员和临床医生对改变行为的干预措施越来越感兴趣,以促进新诊断出的多发性硬化症患者的体育锻炼。理想情况下,此类干预措施需要根据理论提供行为改变技术(BCTs),而行为改变技术的选择可能还需要针对这一多发性硬化症亚人群进行调整。本研究考察了新诊断出的多发性硬化症患者偏好的行为改变技术,以便为多发性硬化症早期阶段的体育锻炼行为改变干预措施的设计和实施提供参考。我们招募并采访了 20 名新确诊的多发性硬化症患者(即病程≤ 2 年)。访谈通过视频会议平台在线进行,采用半结构化脚本。在访谈过程中,参与者就理想的体育锻炼行为改变计划发表了意见,并将参与者的意见与行为改变轮的干预功能、BCTs 和 BCT 组进行了映射。在新诊断出的多发性硬化症患者中,有 10 项经常被提及的 BCT 被确定为体育锻炼行为改变干预的首选策略。这些BCT侧重于提供社会支持、体育活动表现和调节的技能和策略,以及有关体育活动对多发性硬化症益处的知识。这项研究提供了一份细化的BCT清单,在为新诊断出的多发性硬化症患者设计量身定制的体育锻炼行为改变干预措施时,可以将其包括在内。
{"title":"Preferred Behavior Change Techniques for Physical Activity Interventions among Persons Newly Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Trinh L T Huynh, Whitney N Neal, Elizabeth A Barstow, Robert W Motl","doi":"10.1080/08964289.2024.2355131","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08964289.2024.2355131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is increasing interest by researchers and clinicians in behavior change interventions for promoting physical activity in persons newly diagnosed with MS. Ideally, such interventions require the delivery of behavior change techniques (BCTs) based on theory and the selection of BCTs might further require tailoring for this MS subpopulation. The current study examined BCTs preferred by persons newly diagnosed with MS for informing the design and delivery of physical activity behavior change interventions in early-stages of MS. We recruited and interviewed 20 persons newly diagnosed with MS (i.e., disease duration ≤ 2 years). The interviews were conducted online <i>via</i> video conferencing platform and followed a semi-structured script. During the interviews, participants provided opinions regarding an ideal physical activity behavior change program, and the opinions of participants were mapped with the Intervention Functions of the Behavior Change Wheel, BCTs, and BCT groups. Ten frequently mentioned BCTs were identified as preferred strategies for a physical activity behavior change intervention among persons newly diagnosed with MS. These BCTs focused on providing social support, skills and strategies for physical activity performance and regulation, and knowledge on benefits of physical activity in MS. This research provides a refined list of BCTs that can be included when designing tailored physical activity behavior change interventions for persons newly diagnosed with MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":55395,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11624314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Associations of Impulsivity and Risky Decision-Making with E-Cigarette-Related Outcomes Among Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease: Variable- and Person-Oriented Approaches. 先天性心脏病青少年的冲动和风险决策与电子烟相关结果的关联:以变量和个人为导向的方法。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2024.2347226
Kristen R Fox, Joseph R Rausch, Victoria R Grant, Amy K Ferketich, Judith A Groner, Vidu Garg, Clifford L Cua, Jamie L Jackson

Adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) have elevated risk for acquired cardiovascular complications, increasing their vulnerability to e-cigarette-related health harms. Impulsivity and risky decision-making have been associated with adolescent substance use, but the relationships between these factors and e-cigarette-related outcomes among cardiovascular at-risk adolescents with CHD are unknown. This cross-sectional study aimed to (a) determine the associations of impulsivity and risky decision-making with e-cigarette-related outcomes (i.e. susceptibility, ever use, perceptions of harm and addictiveness) via variable-oriented analysis (logistic regression), (b) identify groups of adolescents with similar profiles of impulsivity and risky decision-making via exploratory person-oriented analysis (latent profile analysis; LPA), and (c) examine differences on e-cigarette-related outcomes between profile groups. Adolescents aged 12 to 18 years with CHD (N = 98) completed a survey assessing impulsivity facets (Short UPPS-P) and e-cigarette-related outcomes and were administered a risky decision-making task (Iowa Gambling Task, Version 2; IGT2). In variable-oriented analyses, impulsivity facets (negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation) but not risky decision-making were associated with e-cigarette susceptibility and ever use. The exploratory LPA identified two groups with similar patterns of responding on the Short UPPS-P and IGT2 labeled "Low Impulsivity" and "High Impulsivity," which were primarily characterized by significant differences in negative and positive urgency. Adolescents in the High Impulsivity group had increased odds of e-cigarette susceptibility but not ever use compared to the Low Impulsivity group. This work indicates that strategies to prevent e-cigarette use among adolescents with CHD may be enhanced by addressing impulsivity, particularly negative and positive urgency.

患有先天性心脏病(CHD)的青少年患后天性心血管并发症的风险较高,因此更容易受到电子烟相关健康危害的影响。冲动和冒险决策与青少年使用药物有关,但这些因素与患有先天性心脏病的心血管高危青少年吸食电子烟相关结果之间的关系尚不清楚。这项横断面研究旨在:(a)通过变量导向分析(逻辑回归)确定冲动性和风险决策与电子烟相关结果(即易感性、曾经使用过、危害感和成瘾性)之间的关系;(b)通过探索性人际导向分析(潜在特征分析;LPA)确定具有相似冲动性和风险决策特征的青少年群体;以及(c)研究特征群体之间在电子烟相关结果方面的差异。患有慢性阻塞性肺病的12至18岁青少年(98人)完成了一项调查,评估了冲动性方面(短UPPS-P)和电子烟相关结果,并接受了一项风险决策任务(爱荷华赌博任务,第2版;IGT2)。在以变量为导向的分析中,冲动性方面(消极紧迫性、积极紧迫性、缺乏预谋)与电子烟的易感性和曾经使用电子烟有关,但与风险决策无关。探索性 LPA 发现了两组青少年,他们在短式 UPPS-P 和 IGT2 上的反应模式相似,分别被称为 "低冲动性 "和 "高冲动性",这两组青少年的主要特征是消极和积极的紧迫性存在显著差异。与 "低冲动性 "组相比,"高冲动性 "组青少年对电子烟的易感性增加,但未曾使用过电子烟。这项研究表明,预防患有心脏病的青少年使用电子烟的策略可以通过解决冲动问题,尤其是消极和积极的紧迫感来加强。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Stressful Life Events and Perceived Stress as Serial Mediators of the Association between Adverse Childhood Events and Insomnia 近期生活压力事件和感知到的压力是童年不良事件与失眠之间关系的连续调解因素
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-18 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2024.2335175
Grant Benham, Ruby Charak, Ines Cano-Gonzalez, Joceline Mena Teran, Jordan Kenemore
Insomnia is common in college students and linked to poorer mental and physical health. There is growing evidence that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may contribute to insomnia in adulthood. ...
失眠在大学生中很常见,并与较差的身心健康有关。越来越多的证据表明,童年的不良经历(ACE)可能会导致成年后失眠。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived Economic Strain, Subjective Social Status, and Colorectal Cancer Screening Utilization in U.S. Men—A Cross-Sectional Analysis 美国男性的经济压力感、主观社会地位和结直肠癌筛查利用率--横断面分析
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2024.2335156
Kevin M. Korous, Ellen Brooks, Erin M. King-Mullins, Todd Lucas, Fa Tuuhetaufa, Charles R. Rogers
Although socioeconomic status (SES) is fundamentally related to underutilization of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, the role of perceived economic strain and subjective social status with CRC sc...
尽管社会经济地位(SES)与大肠癌(CRC)筛查利用率不足有着根本性的关系,但经济压力感知和主观社会地位对大肠癌筛查的作用却不尽相同。
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引用次数: 0
Sexual Identity Disclosure and Alcohol Experiences Among LGBTQ+ Adolescents. LGBTQ人群的性身份披露与饮酒经历+ 青少年。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2023.2190078
Antonia E Caba, Allen B Mallory, Kay A Simon, Benton M Renley, Taylor Rathus, Ryan J Watson

Sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) report greater alcohol use in comparison to their heterosexual counterparts. Prior research has found that elevated alcohol use among SGMY can be explained by minority stress experiences. Sexual identity outness may be another factor that drives alcohol use among SGMY, given that outness is associated with alcohol use among older sexual and gender minority samples. We examined how patterns of sexual identity outness were associated with lifetime alcohol use, past-30-day alcohol use, and past-30-day heavy episodic drinking. Data were drawn from the LGBTQ National Teen Survey (N = 8884). Participants were SGMY aged 13 to 17 (mean age = 15.59) years living in the US. Latent class analysis was used to identify sexual identity outness patterns. Multinomial regressions were used to examine the probability of class membership by alcohol use. Six outness classes were identified: out to all but teachers (n = 1033), out to siblings and peers (n = 1808), out to siblings and LGBTQ+ peers (n = 1707), out to LGBTQ+ peers (n = 1376), mostly not out (n = 1653), and very much not out (n = 1307). SGMY in classes characterized by greater outness to peers, friends, and family had greater odds of lifetime alcohol use compared with SGMY in classes characterized by lower outness. These findings suggest that SGMY with greater sexual identity outness may be a target for alcohol use prevention programming. Differences in sexual identity outness may be explained by minority stress factors.

性少数群体和性别少数群体青年(SGMY)报告称,与异性恋青年相比,他们的饮酒量更大。先前的研究发现,SGMY中饮酒量的增加可以用少数人的压力经历来解释。性认同过度可能是导致SGMY饮酒的另一个因素,因为在老年性和性别少数群体样本中,过度与饮酒有关。我们研究了性身份失衡模式如何与终身饮酒、过去30天饮酒和过去30天重度偶发性饮酒相关。数据来自LGBTQ全国青少年调查(N = 8884)。参与者是居住在美国的13至17岁(平均年龄=15.59)的SGMY。使用潜在类别分析来确定性身份的突出模式。使用多项式回归来检验因饮酒而成为阶级成员的概率。确定了六个优秀班级:除教师外,其他所有班级(n = 1033),输出给兄弟姐妹和同龄人(n = 1808),面向兄弟姐妹和LGBTQ+ 对等(n = 1707),针对LGBTQ+ 对等(n = 1376),大部分未出局(n = 1653),并且非常不出局(n = 1307)。SGMY在比同龄人、朋友和家人更优秀的班级中终生饮酒的几率高于SGMY。这些发现表明,性身份突出的SGMY可能是酒精使用预防计划的目标。性别认同的差异可能是由少数民族的压力因素造成的。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived and calculated diet quality improvements in a randomized mHealth weight loss trial. 随机移动医疗减肥试验中饮食质量改善的感知和计算。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2023.2178374
Jessica Cheng, Tina Costacou, Bonny Rockette-Wagner, Susan M Sereika, Molly B Conroy, Andrea M Kriska, Jacob K Kariuki, Mary Lou Klem, Bambang Parmanto, Lora E Burke

The diet quality of US adults is poor and cross-sectional analyses suggest self-perception of healthful dietary intake may be overestimated. This analysis assessed the concordance between calculated and perceived diet quality and changes in diet quality among adults seeking weight loss and enrolled in a 12-month randomized behavioral trial. Healthy Eating Index-2015 diet quality (HEI) was calculated from self-administered 24-hour recalls. Perceived diet quality (PDQ) was measured on a 100-point scale. Higher scores indicate better diet quality. Concordance was assessed using the concordance correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots. The one hundred and five participants with complete dietary data were mostly female and white. There was good agreement between HEI and PDQ scores at 12 months for less than a third of participants. Most of the disagreement arose from PDQ scores being higher than HEI scores. Even fewer participants had good agreement between HEI changes and PDQ changes. Participants perceived greater improvement in diet quality than indicated by HEI score changes. Concordance was low at 12 months and for change in diet quality. Despite the diet quality of adults seeking weight loss being suboptimal and not improving, many perceived their diet quality and diet quality improvements as better than calculated. Future studies might explore the effect of misperceptions on weight loss outcomes.

美国成年人的饮食质量很差,横断面分析表明,健康饮食摄入量的自我感知可能被高估。本分析评估了计算得出的饮食质量与感知的饮食质量之间的一致性,以及寻求减肥并参加为期 12 个月随机行为试验的成年人的饮食质量变化。健康饮食指数-2015 饮食质量(HEI)是通过自我管理的 24 小时回忆计算得出的。感知饮食质量(PDQ)按 100 分制测量。得分越高表示饮食质量越好。采用一致性相关系数和布兰-阿尔特曼图评估一致性。有完整饮食数据的 105 名参与者大多为女性和白人。在不到三分之一的参与者中,12 个月时 HEI 和 PDQ 分数的一致性很好。大部分不一致的原因是 PDQ 分数高于 HEI 分数。在 HEI 变化和 PDQ 变化之间达成良好一致的参与者更少。参与者认为饮食质量的改善大于 HEI 分数的变化。在 12 个月时,饮食质量变化的一致性较低。尽管寻求减肥的成年人的饮食质量并不理想,也没有得到改善,但许多人认为他们的饮食质量和饮食质量改善情况比计算的要好。未来的研究可能会探讨错误认知对减肥结果的影响。
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Behavioral Medicine
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