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Earlier Age at Menarche Is Associated with Body Fat and Negative Body Image in Adult Life. 初潮年龄较早与成年后体脂和负面身体形象有关。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2022.2033158
Spyridon Kanellakis, Maria A Karalexi, Eftychia Apostolidou, Estathios Skoufas, Maria Kontoe, Flora Bacopoulou, Georgios Tsitsas, Athanasios Migdanis, Evangelia Boudouvi, Lissy Canellopoulos, Yannis Manios

Earlier age at menarche is one of the well-documented antecedents of a range of adverse health effects in adulthood including obesity and psychopathological effects. Yet, few researchers have examined the potential association of menarcheal age with body fat distribution, self-perception, and body image. We retrospectively tested a sample (N = 392) of adult women (18-80 years) to examine the associations of age at menarche with body composition and body image indices. Analyses of covariance and multivariable logistic and linear regression were fitted adjusting for age, physical activity level, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Further adjustment was made for body mass index (BMI) and percentage of fat mass. Earlier age at menarche was associated with slightly increased odds of higher BMI and abdominal fat percentage; of note is the positive correlation with lower body composition indices including hip and calf circumferences/skinfolds. Additionally, earlier age at menarche was associated with higher scores in the negative body image scales, namely overweight preoccupation and self-classified weight, whereas lower risks were found for higher scores in the positive body image scales, namely appearance evaluation and body area satisfaction scales. These findings remained significant after correcting for body fat percentage. The present results showed positive associations for earlier age at menarche with gross indices of obesity with the associations mainly confined to distribution of body fat in the lower part of the body, whereas an increased risk of negative body image was also found. Future research could refine our understanding of the biological and psychological mechanisms underlying these associations.

初潮年龄的提前是成年期一系列不良健康影响的前兆之一,包括肥胖和精神病理影响。然而,很少有研究人员研究过月经初潮年龄与身体脂肪分布、自我认知和身体形象之间的潜在联系。我们回顾性测试了392名成年女性(18-80岁)的样本,以研究初潮年龄与身体组成和身体形象指数的关系。对年龄、体力活动水平、吸烟和饮酒进行协方差分析、多变量逻辑回归和线性回归校正。进一步调整身体质量指数(BMI)和脂肪质量百分比。初潮年龄越早,BMI和腹部脂肪率升高的几率也越高;值得注意的是,它与包括臀部和小腿围/皮肤褶皱在内的下半身组成指数呈正相关。此外,初潮年龄越早,在负面身体形象量表(即超重关注和自我分类体重)中得分越高,而在正面身体形象量表(即外貌评价和身体面积满意度量表)中得分越高,风险越低。在校正体脂百分比后,这些发现仍然很重要。目前的研究结果显示,初潮年龄越早与肥胖总体指数呈正相关,且这种关联主要局限于身体下部的体脂分布,而负面身体形象的风险也会增加。未来的研究可以完善我们对这些关联背后的生物学和心理学机制的理解。
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引用次数: 1
PTSD Symptoms and Hazardous Drinking Indicators among Trauma-Exposed Sexual Minority Women during Heightened Societal Stress. 遭受创伤的少数性取向女性在高度社会压力下的创伤后应激障碍症状和危险饮酒指标。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-06 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2021.2006132
Emily C Helminen, Jillian R Scheer, Skyler D Jackson, Cal D Brisbin, Abigail W Batchelder, Cory J Cascalheira, Tami P Sullivan

Trauma-exposed sexual minority women (SMW) are at elevated risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and hazardous drinking compared to trauma-exposed heterosexual women. To understand whether these problems might be exacerbated during times of elevated societal stress, we collected data from a New York-based sample of trauma-exposed SMW between April 2020 and August 2020, a period of notable, compounding societal stressors, including: (a) living in or near one of the first epicenters of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in the United States and (b) living through multiple high-profile occurrences of racism-related police violence and subsequent racial unrest. SMW (n = 68) completed online self-report questionnaires related to trauma, PTSD symptoms, and alcohol use, and a subset (n = 29) completed semi-structured qualitative interviews. PsycINFO was searched with terms related to SMW, PTSD, and alcohol use to identify studies with samples of SMW from articles published within the last 10 years to which we could compare our sample; this produced nine studies. Welch's t-tests and Chi-square analyses revealed that SMW within our sample reported significantly higher PTSD symptom severity, probable PTSD, and hazardous drinking indicators (i.e., alcohol use disorder and heavy episodic drinking) between April 2020 and August 2020 compared to similar samples (i.e., trauma-exposed SMW and general samples of SMW) assessed previously. Qualitative reports also indicated that the societal stressors of 2020 contributed to mental and behavioral health concerns. These results underscore the need for integrated PTSD and alcohol use prevention and intervention efforts for trauma-exposed SMW during times of heightened societal stress.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2021.2006132 .

与遭受创伤的异性恋女性相比,遭受创伤的性少数群体女性(SMW)罹患创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和危险饮酒的风险更高。为了了解这些问题是否会在社会压力增大时加剧,我们收集了 2020 年 4 月至 2020 年 8 月期间纽约受创伤的性少数群体女性样本的数据,这一时期社会压力显著增加,包括:(a)生活在美国 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫情的首批震中之一或其附近;(b)经历了多起备受瞩目的与种族主义有关的警察暴力事件和随后的种族动乱。SMW(n = 68)完成了与创伤、创伤后应激障碍症状和酗酒有关的在线自我报告问卷,其中一部分(n = 29)完成了半结构化定性访谈。我们在 PsycINFO 中搜索了与 SMW、创伤后应激障碍和酗酒相关的术语,以从过去 10 年内发表的文章中找出 SMW 样本的研究,并与我们的样本进行比较;结果显示有 9 项研究。韦尔奇 t 检验和卡方分析表明,与之前评估的类似样本(即受创伤的 SMW 和一般 SMW 样本)相比,我们样本中的 SMW 在 2020 年 4 月至 2020 年 8 月期间报告的创伤后应激障碍症状严重程度、可能的创伤后应激障碍和危险饮酒指标(即酒精使用障碍和大量偶发性饮酒)明显更高。定性报告还表明,2020 年的社会压力导致了心理和行为健康问题。这些结果表明,在社会压力增大的时期,有必要对受创伤的法定最低工资人员开展创伤后应激障碍和酒精使用的综合预防和干预工作。本文的补充数据可在以下网站获取:https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2021.2006132 。
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引用次数: 0
Influenza and Pertussis Vaccine Uptake during Pregnancy: Determinants Found through a Multi-Center Questionnaire Study of Pregnant Women and Healthcare Professionals. 怀孕期间流感和百日咳疫苗的摄取:通过对孕妇和医疗保健专业人员的多中心问卷研究发现的决定因素。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2021.1987853
Ioannis Tsamandouras, Panagiota Spyromitrou-Xioufi, Michail Matalliotakis, Charoula Matalliotaki, Fani Ladomenou

The objective of this article is to assess the adherence of pregnant women to the national recommendations for influenza and pertussis vaccination and the reasons behind their non-adherence. This was a retrospective observational study conducted in a well-defined puerperant population of adequate healthcare standards from December 2018 to December 2019. The study was carried out with 1006 puerperants and 66 health care practitioners. Data were collected, including demographic-obstetric features of pregnant women, whether they received antenatal vaccination, the reasons for having been vaccinated or not as well as health professional's opinion regarding antenatal immunization. The uptake of influenza and pertussis vaccine during pregnancy was suboptimal with lack of recommendation of the vaccine by the healthcare providers being the main barrier. Factors positively associated with antenatal vaccination against influenza were higher level of maternal education and advanced maternal age while antenatal vaccination against pertussis was positively associated with higher level of maternal education. This large-scale retrospective study reveals the inadequacy of antenatal vaccination rates against pertussis and influenza in Crete, Greece. Results suggest that obstetricians' confidence in vaccination is of outmost importance for implementing immunization in pregnancy and any doubts on vaccine effectiveness and safety should be resolved. Routine antenatal vaccination counseling and pregnancy immunization campaigns are essential to improve vaccine uptake during pregnancy.

本文的目的是评估孕妇对流感和百日咳疫苗接种的国家建议的依从性及其不依从性背后的原因。这是一项回顾性观察性研究,在2018年12月至2019年12月期间,在医疗保健标准良好的明确产妇人群中进行。研究对象为1006名产妇和66名医护人员。收集的数据包括孕妇的人口-产科特征、她们是否接受了产前免疫接种、接种疫苗的原因以及保健专业人员对产前免疫接种的意见。怀孕期间流感和百日咳疫苗的吸收是次优的,缺乏卫生保健提供者的疫苗推荐是主要障碍。与产前流感疫苗接种呈正相关的因素是较高的母亲教育水平和高龄,而产前百日咳疫苗接种与较高的母亲教育水平呈正相关。这项大规模的回顾性研究揭示了希腊克里特岛产前百日咳和流感疫苗接种率的不足。结果提示,产科医生对疫苗接种的信心对妊娠期实施免疫至关重要,应消除对疫苗有效性和安全性的任何疑虑。常规产前疫苗接种咨询和妊娠免疫运动对于提高妊娠期间疫苗的吸收率至关重要。
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引用次数: 1
Describing 24-hour movement behaviours among preconception and recently pregnant Canadian parents: who do we need to target? 描述怀孕前和最近怀孕的加拿大父母的24小时运动行为:我们需要针对谁?
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2021.1987854
Cindy-Lee Dennis, Catherine S Birken, Sarah Brennenstuhl, Stephanie Wrottesley, Flavia Marini, Rhonda C Bell, Mark S Tremblay, Alessandra Prioreschi

This study aimed to describe adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines and determine factors associated with meeting guidelines in pregnancy planning and recently postpartum parents. A survey of preconception care attitudes and beliefs was conducted in Canadian adults who were pregnancy planning or ≤5 years postpartum. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to evaluate physical activity and sedentary time. Respondents reported the number of hours spent sleeping and using a screen per day. Multiple logistic regressions were run to determine factors (sociodemographic and health related) associated with meeting each individual movement guideline and number of guidelines met. 1080 females and 224 males provided survey data. 54.0% (n = 654) of the sample met the physical activity guideline, with no difference between females and males. More than 78.4% (n = 909) met the sedentary behavior guideline, 56.4% (n = 679) met the sleep guideline, and 15.4% (n = 187) met the screen time guideline. Only 5.0% (n = 60) of the sample met all four guidelines. Higher odds of meeting more guidelines were associated with parity and perceived health. Lower odds of meeting more guidelines were associated with obesity and overweight; and with depression. Most parents and parents-to-be are not meeting 24-hour movement guidelines. Interventions should focus on optimizing movement behaviors in the peri-partum period, while focusing on mental health, obesity, and general wellbeing.

本研究旨在描述对24小时运动指南的遵守情况,并确定怀孕计划和产后父母遵守指南的相关因素。对加拿大计划怀孕或产后≤5年的成年人进行孕前护理态度和信念调查。全球身体活动问卷用于评估身体活动和久坐时间。受访者报告了每天睡觉和使用屏幕的时间。采用多重逻辑回归来确定与满足每个运动指南和满足指南数量相关的因素(社会人口统计学和健康相关)。1080名女性和224名男性提供了调查数据。54.0% (n = 654)的样本符合身体活动指南,男女之间无差异。超过78.4% (n = 909)的人符合久坐行为指南,56.4% (n = 679)的人符合睡眠指南,15.4% (n = 187)的人符合屏幕时间指南。只有5.0% (n = 60)的样本符合所有四项准则。符合更多准则的几率越大,与平等和感知健康有关。满足更多指南的几率较低与肥胖和超重有关;还有抑郁症。大多数父母和准父母都没有遵守24小时运动指南。干预措施应侧重于优化围产期的运动行为,同时关注心理健康、肥胖和一般健康。
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引用次数: 0
Do Incentives Crowd Out Motivation? A Feasibility Study of a Community Vector-Control Campaign in Peru. 激励会挤掉动力吗?秘鲁社区病媒控制运动可行性研究》。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2021.1977603
Alison M Buttenheim, Ricardo Castillo-Neyra, Claudia Arevalo-Nieto, Julianna E Shinnick, Justin K Sheen, Kevin G Volpp, Valerie Paz-Soldan, Jere R Behrman, Michael Z Levy

Incentives are a useful tool in encouraging healthy behavior as part of public health initiatives. However, there remains concern about motivation crowd out-a decline in levels of motivation to undertake a behavior to below baseline levels after incentives have been removed-and few public health studies have assessed for motivation crowd out. Here, we assess the feasibility of identifying motivation crowd out following a lottery to promote participation in a Chagas disease vector control campaign. We look for evidence of crowd out in subsequent participation in the same behavior, a related behavior, and an unrelated behavior. We identified potential motivation crowd out for the same behavior, but not for related behavior or unrelated behaviors after lottery incentives are removed. Despite some limitations, we conclude that motivation crowd out is feasible to assess in large-scale trials of incentives.

作为公共卫生活动的一部分,激励措施是鼓励健康行为的有效手段。然而,人们仍然担心动机挤出问题--即在激励措施取消后,采取某种行为的动机水平下降到基线水平以下--很少有公共卫生研究对动机挤出进行评估。在此,我们评估了在通过抽奖促进参与南美锥虫病病媒控制活动之后识别动机挤出的可行性。我们在随后参与相同行为、相关行为和不相关行为的过程中寻找挤出的证据。我们发现了相同行为的潜在动机排挤,但没有发现抽奖激励取消后相关行为或无关行为的潜在动机排挤。尽管存在一些局限性,但我们得出结论,在大规模激励试验中评估动机挤出是可行的。
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引用次数: 1
Psychological Correlates of Perceived Physical Activity Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Previously Active Individuals. 先前活跃的个体在COVID-19大流行期间感知身体活动参与的心理相关性
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2021.1929811
Sarah C Volz, Celina R Furman, Alexander J Rothman

The COVID-19 pandemic altered daily life in the United States and disrupted how people engage in routine health behaviors, such as physical activity (PA). This study investigates factors that may have helped people sustain recommended levels of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) during this time. Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk in April/May 2020 a sample of individuals who reported that they had met recommended PA guidelines (≥ 150 weekly MVPA minutes; N = 397) prior to structural changes brought about by COVID-19. We assessed via self-report whether these individuals were meeting recommended levels of MVPA during the COVID-19 pandemic, their intrinsic motivation and identified regulation for exercise, exercise self-efficacy, perceived disruption to their exercise routine, and access to resources for PA. Higher identified regulation, self-efficacy, access to PA resources, and lower perceived disruption were associated with meeting PA guidelines during COVID-19. These findings provide insight into factors that may be important for continued engagement in MVPA when one experiences major disruptions to their exercise routine.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2021.1929811 .

新冠肺炎大流行改变了美国人的日常生活,扰乱了人们从事体育活动等日常健康行为的方式。这项研究调查了可能有助于人们在这段时间内维持推荐的中度至重度PA (MVPA)水平的因素。使用横断面设计,我们在2020年4月/ 5月从亚马逊的土耳其机器人中招募了一个样本,这些样本的个人报告说他们已经达到了推荐的PA指南(≥150周MVPA分钟;N = 397),在COVID-19带来的结构变化之前。我们通过自我报告评估了这些人在COVID-19大流行期间是否达到了推荐的MVPA水平,他们的内在动机和确定的运动调节,运动自我效能感,对运动常规的感知中断以及PA资源的获取。在COVID-19期间,更高的确定监管、自我效能、获得PA资源和更低的感知干扰与满足PA指南相关。这些发现提供了一些重要的因素,当一个人的日常锻炼受到严重干扰时,他们可能会继续参与MVPA。本文的补充数据可在https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2021.1929811上在线获得。
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引用次数: 2
Peer victimization and relationships to approach and avoidance coping to health and health behaviors. 同龄人受害与健康和健康行为的接近和回避应对之间的关系。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-21 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2021.1946468
Katie Darabos, Mary Carol Mazza, Jennifer Somers, Anna V Song, Michael A Hoyt

Peer victimization during high school is a common experience associated with engagement in risky health behaviors and elevated depressive symptoms. Mechanisms linking peer victimization to health outcomes remain inadequately understood. In the current study, latent class analysis was used to identify latent subclasses of college students who display similar patterns of responses to frequent peer victimization experiences during high school. We also examined moderating and mediating effects of coping (approach/avoidance) on relationships between victimization class and health outcomes (i.e., binge drinking, current smoking, depressive symptoms). College students completed questionnaire measures of peer victimization, approach and avoidance coping, binge drinking, smoking, and depressive symptoms. Four distinct patterns of peer victimization were identified among college students (Low, High, Moderate, and Social/Verbal). Moderation models revealed significant interactions of moderate victimization x approach coping on depressive symptoms and high victimization x avoidance coping on binge drinking. Mediation models revealed a significant indirect effect of avoidance coping on depressive symptoms for those in the high victimization class. Findings provide a greater understanding of the complex patterns of peer victimization. Coping efforts among varying peer victimization classes had different relationships with health outcomes during the college years. Interventions aimed at reducing health-risk and depressive symptoms among college student might benefit from increased attention to high school victimization experiences and current coping processes.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2021.1946468 .

高中时期的同伴伤害是一种常见的经历,与参与危险健康行为和抑郁症状加重有关。人们对同伴伤害与健康后果之间的关联机制仍缺乏足够的了解。在本研究中,我们采用了潜类分析法来识别那些对高中时期频繁的同伴伤害经历表现出相似反应模式的大学生潜亚类。我们还研究了应对方式(接近/回避)对受害等级和健康结果(即酗酒、当前吸烟、抑郁症状)之间关系的调节和中介效应。大学生完成了关于同伴伤害、接近和回避应对、酗酒、吸烟和抑郁症状的问卷调查。在大学生中发现了四种不同的同伴伤害模式(低度、高度、中度和社交/口头)。调节模型显示,中度受害x接近应对对抑郁症状和高度受害x回避应对对暴饮暴食有明显的交互作用。中介模型显示,对于受害程度高的人群,回避应对对抑郁症状有明显的间接影响。研究结果使我们对同伴受害的复杂模式有了更深入的了解。不同朋辈受害等级的应对措施与大学期间的健康结果有着不同的关系。旨在降低大学生健康风险和抑郁症状的干预措施可能会受益于对高中受害经历和当前应对过程的更多关注。本文的补充数据可在以下网站获取:https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2021.1946468 。
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引用次数: 0
Food Security and Medication Adherence in Young and Middle-Aged Adults with Diabetes. 中青年糖尿病患者的食物安全和药物依从性。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2021.1987855
Brittany E Imel, Heather F McClintock

Medication nonadherence in individuals with diabetes can lead to adverse health outcomes. Young and middle-aged adults are more likely to have low food security than other age groups. However, little research has focused on the relationship between food security and medication adherence in this population. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between food security and medication adherence among young and middle-aged adults with diabetes. This study used 2019 National Health Interview Survey data. Persons were included if they were aged less than 50 and had a diabetes diagnosis. Individuals were categorized as nonadherent to medication if they answered "yes" to one question indicating nonadherence. Food security status was categorized as food secure, low food security, and very low food security. Among adults under age 50 with diabetes, nearly a fifth were categorized as having low or very low food security. Approximately a quarter of the participants were not adherent. Respondents with low food security and very low food security were significantly more likely to be nonadherent to medication than those who were food secure. People with diabetes under the age of 50 who have low or very low food security are at an increased risk for nonadherence to medication.

糖尿病患者不遵医嘱可导致不良的健康结果。青年和中年人比其他年龄组的人更有可能缺乏粮食保障。然而,很少有研究关注这一人群的食品安全和药物依从性之间的关系。本研究旨在探讨中青年糖尿病患者的食物安全与药物依从性之间的关系。这项研究使用了2019年全国健康访谈调查的数据。年龄在50岁以下并被诊断患有糖尿病的人被纳入研究范围。如果他们在一个问题上回答“是”,就会被归类为药物不依从。粮食安全状况分为粮食安全、低粮食安全和极低粮食安全。在50岁以下患有糖尿病的成年人中,近五分之一的人被归类为低或极低的食品安全。大约四分之一的参与者没有坚持。食品安全程度低和食品安全程度极低的受访者不坚持服药的可能性明显高于食品安全程度高的受访者。50岁以下的糖尿病患者,食品安全水平低或非常低,不坚持服药的风险增加。
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引用次数: 2
Patterns of smoking and menopause-specific quality of life: smoking duration matters more. 吸烟模式和更年期特有的生活质量:吸烟时间更重要。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2021.1958739
Jelena Dotlic, Nikolina Markovic, Tatjana Gazibara

Evidence about the association of quantity of cigarettes smoked and duration of smoking with quality of life in menopause is sparse. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between smoking patterns and menopause-specific quality of life. This cross-sectional study included 513 consecutive midlife women at two primary health care centers in Belgrade, Serbia. Collection of data was carried out from February 2014 to January 2015, using three questionnaires: socio-epidemiologic questionnaire, Menopause-specific Quality of Life questionnaire (MENQOL) and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). Women reported their smoking status (smoker, former smoker, non-smoker), the length of time spent smoking and quantity of cigarettes smoked per day. There was no difference in proportions of ever smokers compared to never smokers. However, there were more women who were current nonsmokers than current smokers. A linear regression model, adjusted for residency district, relationship status, educational level, employment, drinking alcohol, having exercise, age and BDI, showed that longer duration of smoking, but not number of cigarettes smoked per day, was associated with worse Physical domain and total MENQOL score. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis showed that menopausal symptoms as measured by total MENQOL score were significantly less bothersome for women who smoked less than 10 years and significantly more intense in women who smoked 21 to 30 years. Midlife women should be encouraged to quit smoking as soon as possible, preferably before menopause. Strategies to prevent and quit smoking should be prioritized at all levels of health care delivery for women.Supplemental data for this article is available online at.

关于吸烟数量和吸烟持续时间与绝经期生活质量之间关系的证据很少。这项研究的目的是研究吸烟模式和绝经期特定生活质量之间的关系。这项横断面研究包括塞尔维亚贝尔格莱德两家初级卫生保健中心的513名连续中年妇女。数据收集于2014年2月至2015年1月,采用社会流行病学问卷、绝经期生活质量问卷(MENQOL)和贝克抑郁量表(BDI) 3份问卷进行。妇女报告了她们的吸烟状况(吸烟者、前吸烟者、非吸烟者)、吸烟时间的长短和每天吸烟的数量。曾经吸烟者和从未吸烟者的比例没有差别。然而,目前不吸烟的女性多于目前吸烟的女性。一个线性回归模型,调整了居住地区,关系状况,教育水平,就业,饮酒,运动,年龄和BDI,显示吸烟持续时间较长,而不是每天吸烟的数量,与较差的身体领域和总MENQOL评分相关。受试者工作特征分析显示,用MENQOL总分衡量的绝经期症状,吸烟少于10年的女性明显不那么麻烦,而吸烟21至30年的女性明显更严重。应鼓励中年妇女尽早戒烟,最好在绝经前戒烟。预防和戒烟战略应在向妇女提供卫生保健的各级中列为优先事项。本文的补充资料可在网上获得。
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引用次数: 1
Testing Vicarious Experiences as Antecedents of Medical Mistrust: A Survey of Black and White Americans. 测试替代经验作为医疗不信任的前提:一项对美国黑人和白人的调查。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2021.1958740
Lillie D Williamson

In response to recent calls to examine medical mistrust antecedents, the present study investigated the influence of negative healthcare (personal, vicarious interpersonal, vicarious media) and racial discrimination (personal, vicarious interpersonal, vicarious media) experiences on medical mistrust, and whether these relationships were mediated by perceived racism and perceived financial corruption in healthcare. Multigroup structural equation modeling was utilized to test the model using a cross-sectional survey of Black and White adults. Personal negative healthcare experiences and vicarious media racial discrimination experiences were directly related to medical mistrust for Black and White participants. Additionally, personal negative healthcare experiences exerted indirect effects through both perceived racism in healthcare and perceived financial corruption in healthcare. Vicarious media racial discrimination experiences exerted indirect effects through perceived financial corruption for both Black and White participants and through perceived racism for Black participants. Finally, both types of vicarious interpersonal experiences and racial discrimination experiences exerted indirect effects through perceived racism for White participants. The findings have implications for medical mistrust scholarship going forward. It is necessary to acknowledge the role vicarious experiences plays in medical mistrust antecedents, which may include recognizing the impact of news depictions of racial discrimination on patients' behaviors. Additionally, there is a need to further investigate the role of perceived financial corruption in healthcare in medical mistrust.

为了回应最近对医疗不信任前因的研究,本研究调查了消极的医疗保健(个人、代理人际、代理媒体)和种族歧视(个人、代理人际、代理媒体)经历对医疗不信任的影响,以及这些关系是否被感知到的种族主义和感知到的医疗保健金融腐败所介导。采用多组结构方程模型对黑人和白人成年人进行横断面调查,对模型进行检验。个人消极的医疗保健经历和替代媒体种族歧视经历与黑人和白人参与者的医疗不信任直接相关。此外,个人负面医疗保健经历通过医疗保健中的感知种族主义和医疗保健中的感知金融腐败产生间接影响。替代性媒体种族歧视经历通过感知金融腐败对黑人和白人参与者产生间接影响,通过感知种族主义对黑人参与者产生间接影响。最后,这两种类型的替代性人际体验和种族歧视体验都通过感知种族主义对白人参与者产生间接影响。这一发现对未来的医学不信任研究具有启示意义。有必要承认代理经验在医疗不信任前因中所起的作用,这可能包括认识到新闻对种族歧视的描述对患者行为的影响。此外,有必要进一步调查医疗保健领域的金融腐败在医疗不信任中的作用。
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引用次数: 4
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Behavioral Medicine
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