Y. Xiong, Sufei Jiang, Lijuan Zhang, Ji‐Shu Wang, Wenyi Zhang, S. Jin, Y. Gong, Yan Wu, H. Qiao, H. Fu
This article presents a study of D-loop sequences to characterize the genetic diversity of wild Macrobrachium nipponense populations in Yixing natural waters including two reservoirs (Hengshan reservoir, HS; Youche reservoir, YC), 3 brooks (Linjin Dang, LJD; Magong Dushan Dang, MDD; Yangshan Dang, YSD) and 3 shallow lakes (Dongjiu lake, DJ; Xijiu lake, XJ; Tuanjiu lake, XJ), and compared the genetic differentiation and population structure with wild populations of Taihu Lake (TH), Yangtze River (YZ), and the main local artificially bred varieties “Taihu No. 2” (TH-2). A 747 bp D-loop sequence fragment was amplified in 321 individuals and the results exhibited a higher content of A+T (80.03%) than C+G (19.97%). A total of 110 haplotypes were identified. The h and π value proved the diversity of these populations was at the same level with high genetic diversity. TH-2 and YZ showed remarkable diversity, and XJ is even better. Fst estimates suggested that YZ and TH-2 were significant differentiation with other Yixing populations (P < 0.05). Three populations from shallow lake (DJ, XJ and TJ) displayed significant differentiated with the left Yixing ones (P < 0.05). The pairwise genetic distance, as well as haplotype network results, also suggested that all these 11 populations did not diverge at the species level (<15%). The P values of Tajima's D and Fu Fs were relatively greater than 0.1 (P > 0.1) and the nucleotide mismatch distribution analysis showed multiple peaks, giving a conclusion that the populations did not exhibited expansion. All these results suggested that TH-2 and YZ have remarkable diversity, and the germplasm resources and genetic diversity of M. nipponense in Yixing are very good and are suitable for original materials of breeding.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and structure assessment of Macrobrachium nipponense populations: implications for the protection and management of genetic resources","authors":"Y. Xiong, Sufei Jiang, Lijuan Zhang, Ji‐Shu Wang, Wenyi Zhang, S. Jin, Y. Gong, Yan Wu, H. Qiao, H. Fu","doi":"10.1051/alr/2023002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2023002","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a study of D-loop sequences to characterize the genetic diversity of wild Macrobrachium nipponense populations in Yixing natural waters including two reservoirs (Hengshan reservoir, HS; Youche reservoir, YC), 3 brooks (Linjin Dang, LJD; Magong Dushan Dang, MDD; Yangshan Dang, YSD) and 3 shallow lakes (Dongjiu lake, DJ; Xijiu lake, XJ; Tuanjiu lake, XJ), and compared the genetic differentiation and population structure with wild populations of Taihu Lake (TH), Yangtze River (YZ), and the main local artificially bred varieties “Taihu No. 2” (TH-2). A 747 bp D-loop sequence fragment was amplified in 321 individuals and the results exhibited a higher content of A+T (80.03%) than C+G (19.97%). A total of 110 haplotypes were identified. The h and π value proved the diversity of these populations was at the same level with high genetic diversity. TH-2 and YZ showed remarkable diversity, and XJ is even better. Fst estimates suggested that YZ and TH-2 were significant differentiation with other Yixing populations (P < 0.05). Three populations from shallow lake (DJ, XJ and TJ) displayed significant differentiated with the left Yixing ones (P < 0.05). The pairwise genetic distance, as well as haplotype network results, also suggested that all these 11 populations did not diverge at the species level (<15%). The P values of Tajima's D and Fu Fs were relatively greater than 0.1 (P > 0.1) and the nucleotide mismatch distribution analysis showed multiple peaks, giving a conclusion that the populations did not exhibited expansion. All these results suggested that TH-2 and YZ have remarkable diversity, and the germplasm resources and genetic diversity of M. nipponense in Yixing are very good and are suitable for original materials of breeding.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57824549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the fifty years since the introduction of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the first reports of the parasites Marteilia refringens and Bonamia ostreae in European waters, numerous research projects dedicated to the native European flat oyster Ostrea edulis have been conducted, notably in France. Most of these projects have been dedicated to developing controlled reproduction and hatchery technology for seed production, examining pathological aspects to understand and control diseases, and using genetics to develop resistant lines. While the long-term objective of most studies has been to revive the aquaculture production of O. edulis, a smaller number have addressed the ecology of local remnant beds and reefs in France. This article provides an overview of the major outcomes of all these projects, focusing on results obtained in France and prospects for future work there, taking into account the rising interest in increasing aquaculture production and ecological motivation to restore declining populations as part of the framework of the Native Oyster Restoration Alliance (NORA) and in line with UN Decade for Ecosystem Restoration.
{"title":"Fifty years of research to counter the decline of the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis): a review of French achievements and prospects for the restoration of remaining beds and revival of aquaculture production","authors":"S. Pouvreau, S. Lapègue, I. Arzul, P. Boudry","doi":"10.1051/alr/2023006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2023006","url":null,"abstract":"In the fifty years since the introduction of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the first reports of the parasites Marteilia refringens and Bonamia ostreae in European waters, numerous research projects dedicated to the native European flat oyster Ostrea edulis have been conducted, notably in France. Most of these projects have been dedicated to developing controlled reproduction and hatchery technology for seed production, examining pathological aspects to understand and control diseases, and using genetics to develop resistant lines. While the long-term objective of most studies has been to revive the aquaculture production of O. edulis, a smaller number have addressed the ecology of local remnant beds and reefs in France. This article provides an overview of the major outcomes of all these projects, focusing on results obtained in France and prospects for future work there, taking into account the rising interest in increasing aquaculture production and ecological motivation to restore declining populations as part of the framework of the Native Oyster Restoration Alliance (NORA) and in line with UN Decade for Ecosystem Restoration.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57824668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Tonk, R. Witbaard, P. van Dalen, Chiu-Hung Cheng, P. Kamermans
Innovative techniques are needed to assess oyster performance in flat oyster reef restoration projects. A valve gape monitor, a device that continuously measures opening and closing of live bivalves, can potentially be used as an effective method to determine survival and behaviour of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis. The method has been successfully used in combination with a number of bivalve species to investigate valve gape activity in response to environmental factors. In this study, eight O. edulis were equipped with valve gape sensors in order to relate gape to environmental conditions such as food availability. Valve gape activity was monitored under controlled laboratory conditions, with and without food, in a concrete basin in the Oosterschelde and in the field (Voordelta, Dutch North Sea). Under controlled laboratory conditions, oysters clearly responded to changes in food availability. Starved oysters closed their valves significantly longer than oysters that received food, and the relative gape width in fed oysters was larger. In the concrete basin (Oosterschelde), a positive correlation between valve opening and Chlorophyll-a was found. Additionally, valve gape activity and tidal movement appeared to be linked. When exposed to a full tidal cycle (Voordelta), a negative correlation between valve opening and Chlorophyll-a was found. However, there was no correlation between valve gape and current velocity. In autumn, longer periods of inactivity were seen, but when valves opened, the valve gape was larger. These data indicate that valve gape can provide valuable information on behaviour (gape frequency and gape width), but also show that it is not necessarily a good proxy for feeding rate. Nevertheless, these results show that the gape monitor can be used to determine the natural behaviour of flat oysters under field conditions, and that gape opening provides information on behaviour and the stress response of bivalves to environmental conditions.
{"title":"Applicability of the gape monitor to study flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) feeding behaviour","authors":"L. Tonk, R. Witbaard, P. van Dalen, Chiu-Hung Cheng, P. Kamermans","doi":"10.1051/alr/2022021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2022021","url":null,"abstract":"Innovative techniques are needed to assess oyster performance in flat oyster reef restoration projects. A valve gape monitor, a device that continuously measures opening and closing of live bivalves, can potentially be used as an effective method to determine survival and behaviour of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis. The method has been successfully used in combination with a number of bivalve species to investigate valve gape activity in response to environmental factors. In this study, eight O. edulis were equipped with valve gape sensors in order to relate gape to environmental conditions such as food availability. Valve gape activity was monitored under controlled laboratory conditions, with and without food, in a concrete basin in the Oosterschelde and in the field (Voordelta, Dutch North Sea). Under controlled laboratory conditions, oysters clearly responded to changes in food availability. Starved oysters closed their valves significantly longer than oysters that received food, and the relative gape width in fed oysters was larger. In the concrete basin (Oosterschelde), a positive correlation between valve opening and Chlorophyll-a was found. Additionally, valve gape activity and tidal movement appeared to be linked. When exposed to a full tidal cycle (Voordelta), a negative correlation between valve opening and Chlorophyll-a was found. However, there was no correlation between valve gape and current velocity. In autumn, longer periods of inactivity were seen, but when valves opened, the valve gape was larger. These data indicate that valve gape can provide valuable information on behaviour (gape frequency and gape width), but also show that it is not necessarily a good proxy for feeding rate. Nevertheless, these results show that the gape monitor can be used to determine the natural behaviour of flat oysters under field conditions, and that gape opening provides information on behaviour and the stress response of bivalves to environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57824926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sharifinia, Z. A. Bahmanbeigloo, Mehrzad Keshavarzifard, M. Khanjani, M. Daliri, E. Koochaknejad, M. S. Jasour
Reducing the use of fishmeal (FM) in shrimp feed means significant savings in the amount of FM consumed globally and subsequently reducing production costs and environmental impacts. Insect meal (IM) is one of the protein sources to replace FM in aquafeeds. In this regard, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of replacing FM with mealworm (MW, Tenebrio molitor) on the growth performance, haemolymph biochemical responses, and innate immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimps with a mean weight of 7.41 ± 0.13 gram were cultured in 300-liter fiberglass tanks (with a useful drainage volume of 200 liters) with a density of 20 shrimp per tank over a period of 60 days. Dietary treatments, including the control treatment (no mealworm; T0), 15% (T15), 30% (T30), 60% (T60), and 100% (T100) level of replacing FM with mealworm (MW), each with three replications, were investigated in the form of a randomized design. The results of this study showed a significant difference in body weight gain (BWG), feed efficiency (FE), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and hepatopancreas index (HPI) among the treatments (P < 0.05). With the increase of the replacement of FM with MW up to 30%, BWG, FE, and HPI were significantly increased then reduced. The levels of cholesterol (Chol), triglycerides (Tg), and glucose (Glu) showed a decreasing trend with increasing replacement of FM with MW and revealed a significant difference with the control treatment at high levels of replacement (P < 0.05). Besides, the results showed that replacing FM with MW had a significant effect on the activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD), phenol oxidase (PO), lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the total count of hemocytes (THC) in the practical diets compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Overall, the findings suggest that MW is a promising alternative protein source for L. vannamei, as it enhances both growth performance and the immune system. The study recommends the use of MW in the diet of farmed species in the aquaculture industry, given its lack of adverse impacts on growth performance and its potential to reduce environmental consequences resulting from its production. The results also underscore the importance of exploring alternative protein sources to reduce dependence on FM and enhance sustainability in the aquaculture industry.
{"title":"Fishmeal replacement by mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) in diet of farmed Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): effects on growth performance, serum biochemistry, and immune response","authors":"M. Sharifinia, Z. A. Bahmanbeigloo, Mehrzad Keshavarzifard, M. Khanjani, M. Daliri, E. Koochaknejad, M. S. Jasour","doi":"10.1051/alr/2023013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2023013","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing the use of fishmeal (FM) in shrimp feed means significant savings in the amount of FM consumed globally and subsequently reducing production costs and environmental impacts. Insect meal (IM) is one of the protein sources to replace FM in aquafeeds. In this regard, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of replacing FM with mealworm (MW, Tenebrio molitor) on the growth performance, haemolymph biochemical responses, and innate immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimps with a mean weight of 7.41 ± 0.13 gram were cultured in 300-liter fiberglass tanks (with a useful drainage volume of 200 liters) with a density of 20 shrimp per tank over a period of 60 days. Dietary treatments, including the control treatment (no mealworm; T0), 15% (T15), 30% (T30), 60% (T60), and 100% (T100) level of replacing FM with mealworm (MW), each with three replications, were investigated in the form of a randomized design. The results of this study showed a significant difference in body weight gain (BWG), feed efficiency (FE), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and hepatopancreas index (HPI) among the treatments (P < 0.05). With the increase of the replacement of FM with MW up to 30%, BWG, FE, and HPI were significantly increased then reduced. The levels of cholesterol (Chol), triglycerides (Tg), and glucose (Glu) showed a decreasing trend with increasing replacement of FM with MW and revealed a significant difference with the control treatment at high levels of replacement (P < 0.05). Besides, the results showed that replacing FM with MW had a significant effect on the activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD), phenol oxidase (PO), lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the total count of hemocytes (THC) in the practical diets compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Overall, the findings suggest that MW is a promising alternative protein source for L. vannamei, as it enhances both growth performance and the immune system. The study recommends the use of MW in the diet of farmed species in the aquaculture industry, given its lack of adverse impacts on growth performance and its potential to reduce environmental consequences resulting from its production. The results also underscore the importance of exploring alternative protein sources to reduce dependence on FM and enhance sustainability in the aquaculture industry.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57825253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed A. Sougueh, M. Labonne, Abdourahman Daher, Ahmed-Adam Ali, D. Kaplan
Though the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) is considered to be migratory, the species is nevertheless thought to be locally overexploited in the northwest Indian Ocean. At the regional level, this local depletion is a major concern for food security. As the population structure and connectivity between sub-populations are poorly understood for this species, we examined the spatio-temporal dynamics of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel via elemental concentrations (P, Mg, Sr and Ba) along otolith transects using LA-ICPMS for samples from 6 sites: Egypt, Djibouti North and South, Somalia, Mozambique and South Africa. For homogeneous size class samples (70–90 cm), otolith chemical signatures immediately preceding capture were used to accurately group individuals sharing a spatial proximity and/or season of capture. Notable differences in otolith edge signatures were found among individuals from north and south of the equator and contrasting cluster compositions from nearby sites in the Gulf of Aden of individuals captured in summer versus winter. Otolith core chemistry identified two spawning chemical compositions. The first common composition was characterized by relatively high concentrations of Sr and lower concentrations of P, Ba and Mg. The second less common spawning chemical composition was particularly rich in P, Ba and Mg and corresponded primarily to individuals caught off Mozambique, Somalia and Djibouti. These results are broadly consistent on one hand with patterns of water mass circulation in the Red Sea and western Indian Ocean and on the other hand with the observed spawning seasons. Though further research using, for example, archival tagging is needed to clarify the mechanisms behind these patterns, these results reveal the potential of otolith chemistry to provide insights into the spatio-temporal dynamics of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal structure of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) from the Red Sea and western Indian Ocean based on otolith micro-chemistry","authors":"Mohamed A. Sougueh, M. Labonne, Abdourahman Daher, Ahmed-Adam Ali, D. Kaplan","doi":"10.1051/alr/2023015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2023015","url":null,"abstract":"Though the narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) is considered to be migratory, the species is nevertheless thought to be locally overexploited in the northwest Indian Ocean. At the regional level, this local depletion is a major concern for food security. As the population structure and connectivity between sub-populations are poorly understood for this species, we examined the spatio-temporal dynamics of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel via elemental concentrations (P, Mg, Sr and Ba) along otolith transects using LA-ICPMS for samples from 6 sites: Egypt, Djibouti North and South, Somalia, Mozambique and South Africa. For homogeneous size class samples (70–90 cm), otolith chemical signatures immediately preceding capture were used to accurately group individuals sharing a spatial proximity and/or season of capture. Notable differences in otolith edge signatures were found among individuals from north and south of the equator and contrasting cluster compositions from nearby sites in the Gulf of Aden of individuals captured in summer versus winter. Otolith core chemistry identified two spawning chemical compositions. The first common composition was characterized by relatively high concentrations of Sr and lower concentrations of P, Ba and Mg. The second less common spawning chemical composition was particularly rich in P, Ba and Mg and corresponded primarily to individuals caught off Mozambique, Somalia and Djibouti. These results are broadly consistent on one hand with patterns of water mass circulation in the Red Sea and western Indian Ocean and on the other hand with the observed spawning seasons. Though further research using, for example, archival tagging is needed to clarify the mechanisms behind these patterns, these results reveal the potential of otolith chemistry to provide insights into the spatio-temporal dynamics of narrow-barred Spanish mackerel.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57825392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Guillotreau, Sharif Antoine, Kevin Bistoquet, E. Chassot, Karine Rassool
The COVID-19 pandemic has depressed the world economy to a magnitude and timeliness that could hardly be predicted by economists. Because of remoteness and a lack of resources, small island developing states (SIDS) are often considered more vulnerable than others to external shocks such as weatherization or disease. In 2020, the Republic of Seychelles has suffered a 70% collapse of foreign visitors, while tourism represents a key pillar of the economy with two thirds of its Gross Domestic Product and employment. The fishery-related industries have nonetheless resisted to this economic shock and become more prominent, with a foreign-owned tuna fleet supplying the local canning plant, main provider of private jobs and trade in the archipelago. This research attempts to forecast the economic effects of several scenarios affecting both fishing and tourism activities in a small island economy. It shows that fish-related industries can represent a resilient contributor to the domestic economy as long as natural stocks are sustainably managed.
{"title":"How fisheries can support a small island economy in pandemic times: the Seychelles case","authors":"P. Guillotreau, Sharif Antoine, Kevin Bistoquet, E. Chassot, Karine Rassool","doi":"10.1051/alr/2023020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2023020","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has depressed the world economy to a magnitude and timeliness that could hardly be predicted by economists. Because of remoteness and a lack of resources, small island developing states (SIDS) are often considered more vulnerable than others to external shocks such as weatherization or disease. In 2020, the Republic of Seychelles has suffered a 70% collapse of foreign visitors, while tourism represents a key pillar of the economy with two thirds of its Gross Domestic Product and employment. The fishery-related industries have nonetheless resisted to this economic shock and become more prominent, with a foreign-owned tuna fleet supplying the local canning plant, main provider of private jobs and trade in the archipelago. This research attempts to forecast the economic effects of several scenarios affecting both fishing and tourism activities in a small island economy. It shows that fish-related industries can represent a resilient contributor to the domestic economy as long as natural stocks are sustainably managed.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57824994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean Vanmaldergem, J. L. García‐Corona, Margot Deléglise, C. Fabioux, H. Hégaret
Domoic acid (DA) is a potent neurotoxin produced by worldwide distributed diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzchia (PSN) and is responsible for Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) in humans. King scallop Pecten maximus, a bivalve species of high commercial interest, is regularly subjected to blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia sp., thus accumulating and retaining high levels of DA for extended periods, leading to prolonged fisheries and aquaculture closures and important economic losses following increasingly recurrent toxic PSN blooms. The underlying mechanisms behind this accumulation and long toxin retention remain poorly understood so far. Fishermen and the aquaculture industry ask for methods to accelerate DA depuration in contaminated scallops, which has led to investigate the effect of some substances such as the antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), which was previously found to improve up to four-fold DA depuration in P. maximus adductor muscle. Our study investigated the potential of NAC to accelerate DA depuration in all scallop tissues, including the digestive gland (DG), where most of the toxin is accumulated. Twenty-four contaminated adult scallops were collected following a toxic P. australis bloom in the Bay of Brest (France) and half were treated with the antioxidant NAC (250 mg L−1) for 6 days. HPLC toxin quantification analyses did not revealed any significant differences in the DA burdens in the DG between treated scallops and the control group. DA amounts in the adductor muscle and gonads were below the HPLC detection limit in both groups. Our results revealed that NAC does not thus appear as a commercially suitable solution for fisheries and aquaculture industries as DA depuration enhancer in the tested conditions.
{"title":"Effect of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine on the depuration of the amnesic shellfish poisoning toxin, domoic acid, in the digestive gland of the king scallop Pecten maximus","authors":"Jean Vanmaldergem, J. L. García‐Corona, Margot Deléglise, C. Fabioux, H. Hégaret","doi":"10.1051/alr/2023011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2023011","url":null,"abstract":"Domoic acid (DA) is a potent neurotoxin produced by worldwide distributed diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzchia (PSN) and is responsible for Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) in humans. King scallop Pecten maximus, a bivalve species of high commercial interest, is regularly subjected to blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia sp., thus accumulating and retaining high levels of DA for extended periods, leading to prolonged fisheries and aquaculture closures and important economic losses following increasingly recurrent toxic PSN blooms. The underlying mechanisms behind this accumulation and long toxin retention remain poorly understood so far. Fishermen and the aquaculture industry ask for methods to accelerate DA depuration in contaminated scallops, which has led to investigate the effect of some substances such as the antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), which was previously found to improve up to four-fold DA depuration in P. maximus adductor muscle. Our study investigated the potential of NAC to accelerate DA depuration in all scallop tissues, including the digestive gland (DG), where most of the toxin is accumulated. Twenty-four contaminated adult scallops were collected following a toxic P. australis bloom in the Bay of Brest (France) and half were treated with the antioxidant NAC (250 mg L−1) for 6 days. HPLC toxin quantification analyses did not revealed any significant differences in the DA burdens in the DG between treated scallops and the control group. DA amounts in the adductor muscle and gonads were below the HPLC detection limit in both groups. Our results revealed that NAC does not thus appear as a commercially suitable solution for fisheries and aquaculture industries as DA depuration enhancer in the tested conditions.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57825175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is the most commonly farmed mollusks worldwide, while its production has been hindered by massive mortalities linked to high temperatures. Selective breeding focusing on thermal tolerance is an attractive option for reducing the impact of massive mortalities, but the genetic basis underlying this trait is currently unknown. Hybridization between C. gigas and C. angulata was conducted and followed by one generation of family selection for thermal tolerance. The genetic parameters for thermal resistance, summer survival and growth and selection response were investigated by using 50 full-sibling families. The mean survival of all families ranged from 30.2 to 69.5%, reflecting the large variation of thermal tolerance in the hybrid population. The estimates of heritability for thermal tolerance were low to moderate, ranging from 0.19 ± 0.03 to 0.27 ± 0.05, confirmed that there is genetic basis for thermal tolerance. The phenotypic ( r = 0.537, P < 0.01) and genetic correlations ( r = 0.546, P < 0.01) between thermal tolerance and summer survival were positive and significant, while the phenotypic and genetic correlations between growth and survival (including thermal tolerance and summer survival) were positive but low ( P > 0.05). High response to selection (Δ G = 36.33%) was observed after one generation of selection for thermal tolerance, and there was also corresponding response (Δ G = 14.46%) for summer survival. These results demonstrated that genetic selection to improve summer survival of oyster may be facilitated by selecting highly heat-tolerant lines.
太平洋牡蛎长牡蛎是世界上最常见的养殖软体动物，但它的生产一直受到与高温有关的大量死亡的阻碍。以耐热性为重点的选择性育种是减少大规模死亡影响的一个有吸引力的选择，但这一特性的遗传基础目前尚不清楚。将C. gigas与C. angulata进行杂交，然后进行一代耐热性家族选择。利用50个全兄弟姐妹家系，研究了玉米耐热性、夏季存活、生长和选择反应的遗传参数。各家庭的平均成活率在30.2 ~ 69.5%之间，反映了杂交种群体的耐热性差异较大。热耐受性遗传力介于0.19±0.03 ~ 0.27±0.05之间，具有遗传基础。表型(r = 0.537, P <0.01)和遗传相关性(r = 0.546, P <(P > 0.01)，生长与存活(包括耐热性和夏季存活)呈显著正相关，但表型和遗传相关性较低(P >0.05)。经过一代的耐热性选择后，对选择的响应较高(Δ G = 36.33%)，对夏季生存的选择也有相应的响应(Δ G = 14.46%)。这些结果表明，选择高耐热品系可以促进牡蛎夏季成活率的遗传选择。
{"title":"Genetic parameters and response to selection for thermal tolerance, summer survival and growth in hybrid oyster (<i>Crassostrea gigas</i> ♀ × <i>C. angulata</i> ♂)","authors":"Gaowei Jiang, Chengxun Xu, Qi Li","doi":"10.1051/alr/2023026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2023026","url":null,"abstract":"The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is the most commonly farmed mollusks worldwide, while its production has been hindered by massive mortalities linked to high temperatures. Selective breeding focusing on thermal tolerance is an attractive option for reducing the impact of massive mortalities, but the genetic basis underlying this trait is currently unknown. Hybridization between C. gigas and C. angulata was conducted and followed by one generation of family selection for thermal tolerance. The genetic parameters for thermal resistance, summer survival and growth and selection response were investigated by using 50 full-sibling families. The mean survival of all families ranged from 30.2 to 69.5%, reflecting the large variation of thermal tolerance in the hybrid population. The estimates of heritability for thermal tolerance were low to moderate, ranging from 0.19 ± 0.03 to 0.27 ± 0.05, confirmed that there is genetic basis for thermal tolerance. The phenotypic ( r = 0.537, P < 0.01) and genetic correlations ( r = 0.546, P < 0.01) between thermal tolerance and summer survival were positive and significant, while the phenotypic and genetic correlations between growth and survival (including thermal tolerance and summer survival) were positive but low ( P > 0.05). High response to selection (Δ G = 36.33%) was observed after one generation of selection for thermal tolerance, and there was also corresponding response (Δ G = 14.46%) for summer survival. These results demonstrated that genetic selection to improve summer survival of oyster may be facilitated by selecting highly heat-tolerant lines.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135316617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Delphine Lethimonnier, Barbara Bentz, O. Mikolasek, M. Oswald
Original fish-farming developments occur in west-central and south-western Côte d’Ivoire and in the forest area of the Republic of Guinea. Oreochromis niloticus and Heterotis niloticus are the main species produced in dam ponds with little or no feeding. Flooded rice is often grown here. The products supply local markets. In this article, we seek to understand the innovation trajectories that have led to three practices characteristic of these systems: ‘large tilapia production with little feed in dam ponds’, ‘tilapia and Heterotis polyculture’ and ‘flooded rice cultivation in ponds’. We then assess the contribution of these innovations to ecological intensification. The practices that form the basis for current developments were developed in the 1990s on family farms. The suitability of technical choices at certain key moments depended entirely on the fish farmers who judged the tested techniques on their own terms. Our assessment shows that these farmers have contributed positively to ecological intensification. They suffer from recurrent cash flow problems and have thus natural resources and ecological functions in their fish farming system: stocking density to make the best use of the natural trophic resources, improved by polyculture and additional rice production that is more efficient than traditional lowland rice production. The promotion of reliance on existing know-how and anchoring in local culture strengthen the contribution to these systems’ ecological intensification. The analysis shows that this development of integrated commercial fish farming in family farms questions ecological intensification and innovation in aquaculture.
{"title":"Case study of innovations in commercial West African family fish farming that led to an ecological intensification","authors":"Delphine Lethimonnier, Barbara Bentz, O. Mikolasek, M. Oswald","doi":"10.1051/alr/2022006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2022006","url":null,"abstract":"Original fish-farming developments occur in west-central and south-western Côte d’Ivoire and in the forest area of the Republic of Guinea. Oreochromis niloticus and Heterotis niloticus are the main species produced in dam ponds with little or no feeding. Flooded rice is often grown here. The products supply local markets. In this article, we seek to understand the innovation trajectories that have led to three practices characteristic of these systems: ‘large tilapia production with little feed in dam ponds’, ‘tilapia and Heterotis polyculture’ and ‘flooded rice cultivation in ponds’. We then assess the contribution of these innovations to ecological intensification. The practices that form the basis for current developments were developed in the 1990s on family farms. The suitability of technical choices at certain key moments depended entirely on the fish farmers who judged the tested techniques on their own terms. Our assessment shows that these farmers have contributed positively to ecological intensification. They suffer from recurrent cash flow problems and have thus natural resources and ecological functions in their fish farming system: stocking density to make the best use of the natural trophic resources, improved by polyculture and additional rice production that is more efficient than traditional lowland rice production. The promotion of reliance on existing know-how and anchoring in local culture strengthen the contribution to these systems’ ecological intensification. The analysis shows that this development of integrated commercial fish farming in family farms questions ecological intensification and innovation in aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57824504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stocks' yield and size per recruit are widely used to provide fisheries management guidance. This study provides details for analyzing the composite (i.e. age-aggregated or stage-structured) yield per recruit (CYPR) model CYPR14, and proposes CYPR14 as a management tool for tropical fisheries. The fishing mortality rates maximizing CYPR (FCYPR) and associated with the marginal increase in CYPR (F0.1) and a target composite spawning potential ratio (CSPR; F35%CSPR or F40%CSPR) were suggested as candidate fishing mortality targets, provided assessments employ the delay-differential model underlying CYPR14. Using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations relying on growth parameters and natural mortality of Lake Tanganyika's Lates stappersii and Lake Victoria's Lates niloticus, CYPR14 analyses involving maximum survivorship or declining survivorship were carried out to show how FCYPR, F0.1, F35%CSPR, and F40%CSPR could be generated, given an age of knife-edge recruitment (r). Baseline MC employed r = 1 year and yielded mean annual rates of FCYPR = 0.52, F0.1 = 0.33, and F35%CSPR = 0.51 for L. stappersii and FCYPR = 0.23, F0.1 = 0.14, and F40%CSPR = 0.16 for L. niloticus. CYPR14 with maximum survivorship produced CYPR isopleths such that the CYPR maximized at an infinite r and finite, higher F. For CYPR14 involving a declining survivorship, the CYPR declined with increased r and maximized with innermost closed-loop contours at lower F and an optimal age. The CSPR isopleths from both types of CYPR14 analyses were first concave down, and the optimal age served as their inflection point. In terms of benchmarks based on the maximum sustainable yield and of proxies thereof, CYPR14 should be for its underlying delay-differential model what the age-structured pool models are for age-structured assessment models.
{"title":"Analyses of the composite yield per recruit model CYPR14 for inferring plausible fishing mortality targets of fish in the tropics","authors":"J. Munyandorero","doi":"10.1051/alr/2022016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2022016","url":null,"abstract":"Stocks' yield and size per recruit are widely used to provide fisheries management guidance. This study provides details for analyzing the composite (i.e. age-aggregated or stage-structured) yield per recruit (CYPR) model CYPR14, and proposes CYPR14 as a management tool for tropical fisheries. The fishing mortality rates maximizing CYPR (FCYPR) and associated with the marginal increase in CYPR (F0.1) and a target composite spawning potential ratio (CSPR; F35%CSPR or F40%CSPR) were suggested as candidate fishing mortality targets, provided assessments employ the delay-differential model underlying CYPR14. Using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations relying on growth parameters and natural mortality of Lake Tanganyika's Lates stappersii and Lake Victoria's Lates niloticus, CYPR14 analyses involving maximum survivorship or declining survivorship were carried out to show how FCYPR, F0.1, F35%CSPR, and F40%CSPR could be generated, given an age of knife-edge recruitment (r). Baseline MC employed r = 1 year and yielded mean annual rates of FCYPR = 0.52, F0.1 = 0.33, and F35%CSPR = 0.51 for L. stappersii and FCYPR = 0.23, F0.1 = 0.14, and F40%CSPR = 0.16 for L. niloticus. CYPR14 with maximum survivorship produced CYPR isopleths such that the CYPR maximized at an infinite r and finite, higher F. For CYPR14 involving a declining survivorship, the CYPR declined with increased r and maximized with innermost closed-loop contours at lower F and an optimal age. The CSPR isopleths from both types of CYPR14 analyses were first concave down, and the optimal age served as their inflection point. In terms of benchmarks based on the maximum sustainable yield and of proxies thereof, CYPR14 should be for its underlying delay-differential model what the age-structured pool models are for age-structured assessment models.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57824758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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