P. Ermgassen, Åsa Strand, Nienke Bakker, Ainhoa Blanco, K. Bonačić, P. Boudry, G. Brundu, T. Cameron, Iarfhlaith Connellan, F. Da costa, A. Debney, Monica Fabra, Anamarija Frankić, C. Gamble, Mathew W. Gray, Luke Helmer, Zoë Holbrook, Tristan Hugh‐Jones, P. Kamermans, Thorolf Magnesen, Pernille Nielsen, Joanna Preston, Christopher J. Ranger, C. Saurel, D. Smyth, Brecht Stechele, J. Theodorou, Bérenger Colsoul
The European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, is a habitat-forming bivalve which was historically widespread throughout Europe. Following its decline due to overfishing, pollution, sedimentation, invasive species, and disease, O. edulis and its beds are now listed as a threatened and/or declining species and habitat by OSPAR. Increasing recognition of the plight of the oyster, alongside rapidly developing restoration techniques and growing interest in marine restoration, has resulted in a recent and rapid growth in habitat restoration efforts. O. edulis seed supply is currently a major bottleneck in scaling up habitat restoration efforts in Europe. O. edulis has been cultured for centuries, however, research into its culture declined following the introduction of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas to Europe in the early 1970 s. Recent efforts to renew both hatchery and pond production of O. edulis seed for habitat restoration purposes are hampered by restoration project timelines and funding typically being short, or projects not planning appropriately for the timescales required for investment, research-and-development and delivery of oyster seed by commercial producers. Furthermore, funding for restoration is intermittent, making long-term commitments between producers and restoration practitioners difficult. Long-term, strategic investment in research and production are needed to overcome these bottlenecks and meet current ambitious restoration targets across Europe.
{"title":"Overcoming Ostrea edulis seed production limitations to meet ecosystem restoration demands in the UN decade on restoration","authors":"P. Ermgassen, Åsa Strand, Nienke Bakker, Ainhoa Blanco, K. Bonačić, P. Boudry, G. Brundu, T. Cameron, Iarfhlaith Connellan, F. Da costa, A. Debney, Monica Fabra, Anamarija Frankić, C. Gamble, Mathew W. Gray, Luke Helmer, Zoë Holbrook, Tristan Hugh‐Jones, P. Kamermans, Thorolf Magnesen, Pernille Nielsen, Joanna Preston, Christopher J. Ranger, C. Saurel, D. Smyth, Brecht Stechele, J. Theodorou, Bérenger Colsoul","doi":"10.1051/alr/2023012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2023012","url":null,"abstract":"The European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, is a habitat-forming bivalve which was historically widespread throughout Europe. Following its decline due to overfishing, pollution, sedimentation, invasive species, and disease, O. edulis and its beds are now listed as a threatened and/or declining species and habitat by OSPAR. Increasing recognition of the plight of the oyster, alongside rapidly developing restoration techniques and growing interest in marine restoration, has resulted in a recent and rapid growth in habitat restoration efforts. O. edulis seed supply is currently a major bottleneck in scaling up habitat restoration efforts in Europe. O. edulis has been cultured for centuries, however, research into its culture declined following the introduction of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas to Europe in the early 1970 s. Recent efforts to renew both hatchery and pond production of O. edulis seed for habitat restoration purposes are hampered by restoration project timelines and funding typically being short, or projects not planning appropriately for the timescales required for investment, research-and-development and delivery of oyster seed by commercial producers. Furthermore, funding for restoration is intermittent, making long-term commitments between producers and restoration practitioners difficult. Long-term, strategic investment in research and production are needed to overcome these bottlenecks and meet current ambitious restoration targets across Europe.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57825187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anadromous European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus) is a keystone species in lake and river ecosystems. In the past and present, stock declines in several of its habitats have been reported. The reasons for this are unclear. Experimental research on the early life stages could help to reveal the potential causes. For this purpose, knowledge on artificial propagation and rearing of early life stages is needed. Following from previous work, we show how to scale up and mass rear European smelt using conventional hatchery equipment and present a simplified protocol for first feeding. Smelt eggs, after egg adhesiveness is removed, can be incubated in standard hatchery equipment commonly used in aquaculture. Incubation in McDonald-type jars shows even improved results when settling of floating eggs is prevented. Next to avoiding egg loss this simultaneously reduces labor for daily care. First feeding of larval smelt can be achieved with decapsulated artemia cysts, eliminating the need for the labor-intensive green water production. Using the protocol presented, larvae of different stages can be produced in large quantities allowing further experimental studies.
{"title":"First steps towards mass rearing of European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus, L.) using conventional hatchery equipment","authors":"S. Reiser, Timo Michels, Björn Illing","doi":"10.1051/alr/2023003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2023003","url":null,"abstract":"Anadromous European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus) is a keystone species in lake and river ecosystems. In the past and present, stock declines in several of its habitats have been reported. The reasons for this are unclear. Experimental research on the early life stages could help to reveal the potential causes. For this purpose, knowledge on artificial propagation and rearing of early life stages is needed. Following from previous work, we show how to scale up and mass rear European smelt using conventional hatchery equipment and present a simplified protocol for first feeding. Smelt eggs, after egg adhesiveness is removed, can be incubated in standard hatchery equipment commonly used in aquaculture. Incubation in McDonald-type jars shows even improved results when settling of floating eggs is prevented. Next to avoiding egg loss this simultaneously reduces labor for daily care. First feeding of larval smelt can be achieved with decapsulated artemia cysts, eliminating the need for the labor-intensive green water production. Using the protocol presented, larvae of different stages can be produced in large quantities allowing further experimental studies.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57824562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Verena M. Merk, Tanja Hausen, Timon Ameis, Bérenger Colsoul, M. Boersma, B. Pogoda
Growth is an important biological trait and monitoring metric for the assessment of the success and progress of restoration projects with the European oyster (Ostrea edulis). However, sampling time and frequency are often limited, as well as the ability to survey individual growth. Chemical dyes, such as calcein, can be used to create incremental markings for measuring growth in shell cross-sections, especially in bivalves. However, potential negative effects and limits for successful staining have not been assessed for O. edulis, yet. In this study, three different calcein concentrations (100 mg l−1, 150 mg l−1, 200 mg l−1) with three different immersion times (6 h, 12 h, 24 h) were tested for potential negative effects, the best incremental marking result and their potential to be used in growth measurements. Furthermore, the deposition of an annual growth line was investigated. Results showed that calcein is a reliable in situ fluorescence marker that produced sufficient growth lines in the cross-section of O. edulis. At a concentration of 100 mg l−1 or higher and immersion times of 6 h or more, no negative effects on growth and survival were observed after five months. Applications include the possibility for long-term, individual growth data for a large number of oysters for restoration monitoring as well as the option of marking restored oysters from aquaculture production to distinguish them from existing wild stock populations or natural offspring.
生长是衡量欧洲牡蛎(Ostrea edulis)恢复工程成功与进展的重要生物学性状和监测指标。然而，采样时间和频率往往是有限的，以及调查个人成长的能力。化学染料，如钙黄蛋白，可用于创建增量标记，以测量壳截面的生长，特别是在双壳类中。然而，潜在的负面影响和成功染色的限制尚未评估。在这项研究中，测试了三种不同钙黄蛋白浓度(100 mg l - 1,150 mg l - 1,200 mg l - 1)和三种不同浸泡时间(6小时，12小时，24小时)的潜在负面影响，最佳增量标记结果及其用于生长测量的潜力。此外，还研究了年生长线的沉积。结果表明，钙黄蛋白是一种可靠的原位荧光标记物，在毛竹的横截面上产生了足够的生长线。当浓度为100 mg l - 1或更高时，浸泡时间为6小时或更长，5个月后对生长和存活没有负面影响。应用包括为恢复监测提供大量牡蛎的长期个体生长数据的可能性，以及标记从水产养殖生产中恢复的牡蛎，以将它们与现有的野生种群或自然后代区分开来的选择。
{"title":"Potential of calcein staining as growth monitoring marker in Ostrea edulis","authors":"Verena M. Merk, Tanja Hausen, Timon Ameis, Bérenger Colsoul, M. Boersma, B. Pogoda","doi":"10.1051/alr/2023010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2023010","url":null,"abstract":"Growth is an important biological trait and monitoring metric for the assessment of the success and progress of restoration projects with the European oyster (Ostrea edulis). However, sampling time and frequency are often limited, as well as the ability to survey individual growth. Chemical dyes, such as calcein, can be used to create incremental markings for measuring growth in shell cross-sections, especially in bivalves. However, potential negative effects and limits for successful staining have not been assessed for O. edulis, yet. In this study, three different calcein concentrations (100 mg l−1, 150 mg l−1, 200 mg l−1) with three different immersion times (6 h, 12 h, 24 h) were tested for potential negative effects, the best incremental marking result and their potential to be used in growth measurements. Furthermore, the deposition of an annual growth line was investigated. Results showed that calcein is a reliable in situ fluorescence marker that produced sufficient growth lines in the cross-section of O. edulis. At a concentration of 100 mg l−1 or higher and immersion times of 6 h or more, no negative effects on growth and survival were observed after five months. Applications include the possibility for long-term, individual growth data for a large number of oysters for restoration monitoring as well as the option of marking restored oysters from aquaculture production to distinguish them from existing wild stock populations or natural offspring.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57825158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenn Papadopoulo, D. Villegas‐Ríos, G. Mucientes, A. Hillinger, A. Alonso‐Fernández
Fish movements are fundamental to their ecology and survival. Understanding the causes and consequences of the spatial behaviour of fish is of high relevance as it provides critical knowledge for conservation purposes. Skate (Rajidae) populations face an unprecedented global decline due to overfishing. In this study, we used acoustic telemetry to track the movements of nine individuals of the near threatened thornback skate (Raja clavata) around the Cíes Islands, a small marine protected area in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Our results demonstrate the significant impacts of biotic and abiotic drivers on the spatial behaviour of R. clavata. Overall residency inside the study array was low (0.073), differed between sexes (higher for females) and over the course of the year (peaking in summer). The analysis of the direction of the excursions performed by R. clavata individuals revealed high consistency in the exit and entry areas and a strong connectivity with inshore waters connecting with the Ría de Vigo, as compared with offshore waters connecting with the open ocean. Finally, the activity space of R. clavata also varied over the time of the year with a peak in summer. This study provides an important baseline information for understanding the spatial behaviour of R. clavata that can serve as a starting point for planning future conservation actions or studies.
鱼类的活动对它们的生态和生存至关重要。了解鱼类空间行为的原因和后果是高度相关的，因为它为保护目的提供了关键的知识。由于过度捕捞，鳐(Rajidae)的数量面临着前所未有的全球下降。在这项研究中，我们使用声波遥测技术跟踪了Cíes群岛周围9只濒临威胁的刺背鳐(Raja clavata)的活动，这是伊比利亚半岛西北部的一个小型海洋保护区。我们的研究结果表明，生物和非生物驱动因素对克拉瓦塔的空间行为有显著影响。在研究阵列中的总体驻留率很低(0.073)，在性别之间(女性较高)和一年中的过程中(夏季达到峰值)存在差异。对克拉瓦塔r.c avata个体迁徙方向的分析显示，与与公海相连的近海水域相比，它们在出口和入境区域具有高度的一致性，与Ría de Vigo相连的近海水域具有很强的连通性。最后，克拉瓦塔的活动空间在一年中的不同时间也有变化，在夏季达到高峰。该研究为了解克拉瓦塔的空间行为提供了重要的基线信息，可作为规划未来保护行动或研究的起点。
{"title":"Drivers of the spatial behaviour of the threatened thornback skate (Raja clavata)","authors":"Kenn Papadopoulo, D. Villegas‐Ríos, G. Mucientes, A. Hillinger, A. Alonso‐Fernández","doi":"10.1051/alr/2023017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2023017","url":null,"abstract":"Fish movements are fundamental to their ecology and survival. Understanding the causes and consequences of the spatial behaviour of fish is of high relevance as it provides critical knowledge for conservation purposes. Skate (Rajidae) populations face an unprecedented global decline due to overfishing. In this study, we used acoustic telemetry to track the movements of nine individuals of the near threatened thornback skate (Raja clavata) around the Cíes Islands, a small marine protected area in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Our results demonstrate the significant impacts of biotic and abiotic drivers on the spatial behaviour of R. clavata. Overall residency inside the study array was low (0.073), differed between sexes (higher for females) and over the course of the year (peaking in summer). The analysis of the direction of the excursions performed by R. clavata individuals revealed high consistency in the exit and entry areas and a strong connectivity with inshore waters connecting with the Ría de Vigo, as compared with offshore waters connecting with the open ocean. Finally, the activity space of R. clavata also varied over the time of the year with a peak in summer. This study provides an important baseline information for understanding the spatial behaviour of R. clavata that can serve as a starting point for planning future conservation actions or studies.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57824959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The creation of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) in 1982 gave coastal countries sovereignty over their local tuna resources, whereas the migratory nature of tuna calls for regional management. However, as regional tuna management by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) does not always facilitate optimal management of local resources by coastal countries, there is a need for an approach that ensures both the achievement of regional management objectives and optimisation of local benefits, i.e., “glocalised” management. To promote “glocal” management measures for the local populations of highly migratory species, (1) the spatio-temporal VAST model was used to estimate abundance indices for the adult regional Eastern Atlantic yellowfin tuna population and its local component in Ivorian waters using catch and effort data and (2) convergent cross mapping was used to examine the causal relationship between changes in abundance at these different spatial scales over time. Convergent cross-mapping detected a causal relationship between general stock dynamics and local dynamics, in the direction from global stock abundances to local resource abundances. This implies that the success of local fishing was closely linked to the general state of the stock. Conversely, we found no evidence of a causal relationship in the direction from local resources to the regional stock. This suggests that local adult dynamics had little or no influence on overall stock dynamics. Based on these results, we propose several criteria to ensure fairer distribution of tuna resources between coastal states and distant water fleets (DWFs).
{"title":"Towards “glocalised” management of tuna stocks based on causation between a stock and its component belonging temporally to local Exclusive Economic Zones","authors":"S. Akia, M. Amandè, D. Gaertner","doi":"10.1051/alr/2023018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2023018","url":null,"abstract":"The creation of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) in 1982 gave coastal countries sovereignty over their local tuna resources, whereas the migratory nature of tuna calls for regional management. However, as regional tuna management by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) does not always facilitate optimal management of local resources by coastal countries, there is a need for an approach that ensures both the achievement of regional management objectives and optimisation of local benefits, i.e., “glocalised” management. To promote “glocal” management measures for the local populations of highly migratory species, (1) the spatio-temporal VAST model was used to estimate abundance indices for the adult regional Eastern Atlantic yellowfin tuna population and its local component in Ivorian waters using catch and effort data and (2) convergent cross mapping was used to examine the causal relationship between changes in abundance at these different spatial scales over time. Convergent cross-mapping detected a causal relationship between general stock dynamics and local dynamics, in the direction from global stock abundances to local resource abundances. This implies that the success of local fishing was closely linked to the general state of the stock. Conversely, we found no evidence of a causal relationship in the direction from local resources to the regional stock. This suggests that local adult dynamics had little or no influence on overall stock dynamics. Based on these results, we propose several criteria to ensure fairer distribution of tuna resources between coastal states and distant water fleets (DWFs).","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57824971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando Pagels, I. Garrido, Carla Teixeira, T. Tavares, B. Costas, F. Malcata, L. Valente, A. Catarina Guedes
Sea urchin processing practices by the canning industry result in a large volume of waste due to a high fraction of inedible parts, in special the gut, that can still be a valuable source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this work aimed to thoroughly characterise gut biomass from Paracentrotus lividus evaluating its bioactive potential. The gut biomass was evaluated in terms of bioactive capacity, and biochemical composition in both males and females. Although no statistical differences were found between sexes in any of these parameters, this study provided a proof of concept on the potential of sea urchin's gut, obtained as a co-product in the sea urchin industry, for feed supplementation. The gut biomass exhibited a high antioxidant capacity (IC50 ≈ 0.5–1.0 mgDW mL−1 in four different assays) and bactericidal activity (IC50 < 1.0 mgDW mL−1 against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Edwardsiella tarda, and Tenacibaculum maritimum). The gut co-product can also be used as a source of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and PUFAs, with contents of 4.6 ± 0.4, 2.4 ± 0.8, and 93.0 ± 3.1 mg gDW−1, respectively. Overall, the sea urchin's gut seems a valuable product with a remarkable potential for use in aquafeeds as a source of bioactive compounds.
罐头工业对海胆的加工造成了大量的浪费，因为其中有很大一部分是不可食用的部分，特别是内脏，而这些部分仍然是生物活性化合物的宝贵来源。因此，本研究旨在全面表征lividus副尖梭菌的肠道生物量，评估其生物活性潜力。从生物活性容量和生化组成方面对雄性和雌性肠道生物量进行了评估。虽然在这些参数中没有发现性别之间的统计差异，但这项研究为海胆肠道作为海胆工业的副产品用于饲料补充的潜力提供了概念证明。肠道生物量表现出较高的抗氧化能力(在四种不同的测定中IC50≈0.5-1.0 mgDW mL - 1)和杀菌活性(IC50 < 1.0 mgDW mL - 1)，对副溶血性弧菌、迟缓爱德华菌和海洋Tenacibaculum均有抑制作用。肠道副产物还可以作为酚类化合物、类胡萝卜素和PUFAs的来源，其含量分别为4.6±0.4、2.4±0.8和93.0±3.1 mg gDW−1。总的来说，海胆的肠道似乎是一种有价值的产品，在水产饲料中作为生物活性化合物的来源具有显著的潜力。
{"title":"Sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) gut biomass as a co-product with antioxidant and antibacterial potential to supplement aquafeeds","authors":"Fernando Pagels, I. Garrido, Carla Teixeira, T. Tavares, B. Costas, F. Malcata, L. Valente, A. Catarina Guedes","doi":"10.1051/alr/2023022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2023022","url":null,"abstract":"Sea urchin processing practices by the canning industry result in a large volume of waste due to a high fraction of inedible parts, in special the gut, that can still be a valuable source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, this work aimed to thoroughly characterise gut biomass from Paracentrotus lividus evaluating its bioactive potential. The gut biomass was evaluated in terms of bioactive capacity, and biochemical composition in both males and females. Although no statistical differences were found between sexes in any of these parameters, this study provided a proof of concept on the potential of sea urchin's gut, obtained as a co-product in the sea urchin industry, for feed supplementation. The gut biomass exhibited a high antioxidant capacity (IC50 ≈ 0.5–1.0 mgDW mL−1 in four different assays) and bactericidal activity (IC50 < 1.0 mgDW mL−1 against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Edwardsiella tarda, and Tenacibaculum maritimum). The gut co-product can also be used as a source of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and PUFAs, with contents of 4.6 ± 0.4, 2.4 ± 0.8, and 93.0 ± 3.1 mg gDW−1, respectively. Overall, the sea urchin's gut seems a valuable product with a remarkable potential for use in aquafeeds as a source of bioactive compounds.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57825041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study introduces the concept of portfolios of distribution maps, which consist of the reduced set of empirical orthogonal maps that best explain spatial biomass distributions of a given species over time. The approach is demonstrated for the distributions of common octopus (Octupus vulgaris) off Mauritania over the last thirty years. The maps in the portfolio are the subset of empirical orthogonal maps that allowed to recover 60% of the spatiotemporal biomass distribution variance and whose temporal weights were significantly correlated with abundance. For octopus during the hot season, one single map explained half of the overall variance of the distribution data, while during the cold season, the portfolio of octopus distribution maps consisted of four maps, with the temporal weights of the second map being negatively correlated with upwelling intensity six months before. The size of each portfolio represents the number of distinct spatial patterns describing octopus spatial distributions. Assuming that specific but hidden processes explain each biomass spatial distribution of the portfolio, the size of a map portfolio might be interpreted as a proxy for system resilience. A small portfolio could reflect systems that are more fragile.
{"title":"Portfolio of distribution maps for Octopus vulgaris off Mauritania","authors":"Dedah Ahmed-Babou, H. Demarcq, B. Meissa, N. Bez","doi":"10.1051/alr/2023008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2023008","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces the concept of portfolios of distribution maps, which consist of the reduced set of empirical orthogonal maps that best explain spatial biomass distributions of a given species over time. The approach is demonstrated for the distributions of common octopus (Octupus vulgaris) off Mauritania over the last thirty years. The maps in the portfolio are the subset of empirical orthogonal maps that allowed to recover 60% of the spatiotemporal biomass distribution variance and whose temporal weights were significantly correlated with abundance. For octopus during the hot season, one single map explained half of the overall variance of the distribution data, while during the cold season, the portfolio of octopus distribution maps consisted of four maps, with the temporal weights of the second map being negatively correlated with upwelling intensity six months before. The size of each portfolio represents the number of distinct spatial patterns describing octopus spatial distributions. Assuming that specific but hidden processes explain each biomass spatial distribution of the portfolio, the size of a map portfolio might be interpreted as a proxy for system resilience. A small portfolio could reflect systems that are more fragile.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57825106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Hayden-Hughes, Philippa Bayford, Jonathan W. King, D. Smyth
The history of the European native oyster has been documented for numerous countries within its natural range. However, the history of Ostrea edulis in Wales remains conspicuously absent from current UK and European peer-reviewed publications. It was therefore deemed necessary to address this and as a result in-depth research of archival data was conducted including local trade directories, decennial census returns, collections from the National Museum Wales, annual government fisheries reports and grey literature from local historical societies. These historical reviews resulted in the construction of a timeline which documents all the significant historical dates related to O. edulis in Wales from the early 1500 s to present day. Fisheries statistics for England and Wales were also analysed for the western regional oyster fisheries in an attempt to understand the contribution which the Welsh landings made to the region. The review revealed that the Welsh fishery was the primary contributor of regional landings from the early 1600 s with maximum landings reported 1894, with the oyster beds at Mumbles producing more oysters than any other port until the fishery closed in 1937. A commercial native oyster fishery no longer exists in Wales but there remains a small native oyster population in South Wales. It is hoped that the historical accounts of bountiful catches, overexploitation, and restoration of O. edulis over the centuries in Wales may offer current conservation practitioners an insight into failures and mistakes of the past which could benefit the future of the European flat oyster in Wales.
{"title":"The European native oyster, Ostrea edulis, in Wales, a historical account of a forgotten fishery","authors":"Maria Hayden-Hughes, Philippa Bayford, Jonathan W. King, D. Smyth","doi":"10.1051/alr/2022024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2022024","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the European native oyster has been documented for numerous countries within its natural range. However, the history of Ostrea edulis in Wales remains conspicuously absent from current UK and European peer-reviewed publications. It was therefore deemed necessary to address this and as a result in-depth research of archival data was conducted including local trade directories, decennial census returns, collections from the National Museum Wales, annual government fisheries reports and grey literature from local historical societies. These historical reviews resulted in the construction of a timeline which documents all the significant historical dates related to O. edulis in Wales from the early 1500 s to present day. Fisheries statistics for England and Wales were also analysed for the western regional oyster fisheries in an attempt to understand the contribution which the Welsh landings made to the region. The review revealed that the Welsh fishery was the primary contributor of regional landings from the early 1600 s with maximum landings reported 1894, with the oyster beds at Mumbles producing more oysters than any other port until the fishery closed in 1937. A commercial native oyster fishery no longer exists in Wales but there remains a small native oyster population in South Wales. It is hoped that the historical accounts of bountiful catches, overexploitation, and restoration of O. edulis over the centuries in Wales may offer current conservation practitioners an insight into failures and mistakes of the past which could benefit the future of the European flat oyster in Wales.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57824487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. ter Hofstede, Gregory Williams, M. van Koningsveld
Incorporation of ecology and ecosystem services into marine infrastructural developments has gained interest over the last decades. Growing attention is given to combine the massive roll-out of offshore wind farms in the North Sea with reinstating the once rich but nowadays nearly extinct European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis). However, the practical upscaling of these pilots is hindered by the absence of clear management objectives and the lack of quantitative knowledge on the effect of technical interventions that could stimulate oyster reef development. Consequently, it is unclear what scale of intervention would actually be required to achieve overall management objectives. This paper presents a stepwise procedure designed in particular to guide the selection of appropriate measures and their required scale for pro-actively facilitating flat oyster reef development in offshore wind farms, in order to reach a desired state for oyster reef inclusive wind farms. The stepwise procedure addresses the historical and current situation of the physical system and social environment, provides options for intervention that stimulate oyster reef development at a range of scales, from micro-scale (materials used) to mega-scale (connectivity between wind farms), and quantitatively assesses the potential effect of applying these interventions. Assumptions have been made in quantifying the effort required for developing oyster reefs in offshore wind farms, and refinement is obviously needed. However, this is a first attempt to make such estimates. The outcomes provide direction in identifying research needs to fill knowledge gaps, as well as in decision-making during the design process for inducing oyster reef development in offshore wind farms. Herewith, application of the stepwise procedure supports authorities in restoration management for the successful reinstatement of flat oyster reefs in the southern North Sea.
{"title":"The potential impact of human interventions at different scales in offshore wind farms to promote flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) reef development in the southern North Sea","authors":"R. ter Hofstede, Gregory Williams, M. van Koningsveld","doi":"10.1051/alr/2023001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2023001","url":null,"abstract":"Incorporation of ecology and ecosystem services into marine infrastructural developments has gained interest over the last decades. Growing attention is given to combine the massive roll-out of offshore wind farms in the North Sea with reinstating the once rich but nowadays nearly extinct European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis). However, the practical upscaling of these pilots is hindered by the absence of clear management objectives and the lack of quantitative knowledge on the effect of technical interventions that could stimulate oyster reef development. Consequently, it is unclear what scale of intervention would actually be required to achieve overall management objectives. This paper presents a stepwise procedure designed in particular to guide the selection of appropriate measures and their required scale for pro-actively facilitating flat oyster reef development in offshore wind farms, in order to reach a desired state for oyster reef inclusive wind farms. The stepwise procedure addresses the historical and current situation of the physical system and social environment, provides options for intervention that stimulate oyster reef development at a range of scales, from micro-scale (materials used) to mega-scale (connectivity between wind farms), and quantitatively assesses the potential effect of applying these interventions. Assumptions have been made in quantifying the effort required for developing oyster reefs in offshore wind farms, and refinement is obviously needed. However, this is a first attempt to make such estimates. The outcomes provide direction in identifying research needs to fill knowledge gaps, as well as in decision-making during the design process for inducing oyster reef development in offshore wind farms. Herewith, application of the stepwise procedure supports authorities in restoration management for the successful reinstatement of flat oyster reefs in the southern North Sea.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57824502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was simultaneously conducted in two distantly located areas to assess the impacts of COVID-19 on farming processes, instantaneous financial impacts and mitigation strategies adopted by the farmers in the small scale freshwater carp farming and coastal brackish water shrimp farming sectors in India. Primary data were collected through interview of the farmers with the help of pre-tested structured interview schedules. Though the initial impact in both the sectors were substantial, freshwater carp farmers mitigated the crises comparatively well because of wider option in alternative livelihood, low cost locally available inputs, mobilization of local market, direct door to door vending of live fish and mobilization of women work force from the family in the farming sector. Untapped resource in the form of women's' participation in the freshwater farming practices was noteworthy during the pandemic period which increased polynomially (y = –1.0714x2 + 7.5286x − 2.2; R2 = 0.9648). As the shrimp farming sector was dependent upon external markets and burdened with high cost inputs primarily supplied by the input dealers on credit basis, the sector has to bear the burden most. Garret's Rank analysis revealed that integration with other production sectors ranked first as mitigation perception to the freshwater carp farmers, whereas, to the coastal shrimp farmers, the highest rank was with the perception that everything will be normalized within 2–3 months naturally. Garret's Rank analysis also revealed that in both the sectors, the farmers most important need was credit from the Govt. source in mitigating COVID-19 like crisis in future.
{"title":"Impacts of COVID-19 on small-scale freshwater carp and coastal brackish water shrimp farming in India","authors":"Debesh Hait, M. Vignesh, S. Das","doi":"10.1051/alr/2022020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/alr/2022020","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was simultaneously conducted in two distantly located areas to assess the impacts of COVID-19 on farming processes, instantaneous financial impacts and mitigation strategies adopted by the farmers in the small scale freshwater carp farming and coastal brackish water shrimp farming sectors in India. Primary data were collected through interview of the farmers with the help of pre-tested structured interview schedules. Though the initial impact in both the sectors were substantial, freshwater carp farmers mitigated the crises comparatively well because of wider option in alternative livelihood, low cost locally available inputs, mobilization of local market, direct door to door vending of live fish and mobilization of women work force from the family in the farming sector. Untapped resource in the form of women's' participation in the freshwater farming practices was noteworthy during the pandemic period which increased polynomially (y = –1.0714x2 + 7.5286x − 2.2; R2 = 0.9648). As the shrimp farming sector was dependent upon external markets and burdened with high cost inputs primarily supplied by the input dealers on credit basis, the sector has to bear the burden most. Garret's Rank analysis revealed that integration with other production sectors ranked first as mitigation perception to the freshwater carp farmers, whereas, to the coastal shrimp farmers, the highest rank was with the perception that everything will be normalized within 2–3 months naturally. Garret's Rank analysis also revealed that in both the sectors, the farmers most important need was credit from the Govt. source in mitigating COVID-19 like crisis in future.","PeriodicalId":55491,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Living Resources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57824873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：