Aquatic Living Resources最新文献_第5页

Using a novel biologging approach to assess how different handling practices influence the post-release behaviour of Northern Pike across a wide range of body sizes 使用一种新颖的生物学方法来评估不同的处理方法如何影响北梭子鱼在各种体型下的释放后行为

IF 1.5 4区农林科学 Q3 FISHERIES

Aquatic Living Resources

Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1051/alr/2023019

Verena Trenkel, Luc LaRochelle , Declan Burton , Jamie C. Madden , Sascha Clark Danylchuk , Steven J. Cooke , Andy J Danylchuk

There is a growing body of research focused on how angled fish respond to catch-and-release (C&R). However, most of those studies do not span a wide range of body sizes for the targeted species. Physical injury and physiological responses to C&R can be size-dependent, and methods used for landing fish of different sizes vary. As such, studying the response to C&R across a range of fish sizes may help inform best practices that improve outcomes for released fish. Northern Pike (Esox lucius) widely ranges in body size. Anglers may land them by hand, cradle, or net, and they are often released voluntarily or to comply with regulations. We angled 25 Northern Pike (total length 620–1030 mm) from one population and recorded fight, handling, and unhooking times across landing methods (i.e., hand, cradle, net). Prior to release, a pop-off biologging package was temporarily affixed to each fish to monitor locomotor activity, depth, and water temperature during a 12-h period post-release to understand how the interaction of landing method and body size influenced post-release behaviour and short-term fate. Fight and handling time increased with increasing body size. Northern Pike landed with a cradle or net had shorter fight times but longer handling times, compared to fish landed by hand. Post-release locomotor activity was greater for larger fish and those landed with a net. Fish <775mm and landed by hand had greater locomotor activity than fish landed with a net or cradle, while fish >775mm landed by hand had reduced locomotor activity compared to fish landed with a net. There was no post-release mortality observed. Collectively, anglers should use a net for Northern Pike >775 mm to avoid long fight times and reduce post-release exhaustion, but also attempt to reduce the extent of handling associated with fish landed by net.

越来越多的研究集中在有角度的鱼对捕获和释放的反应（C&；R）。然而，这些研究中的大多数并没有涵盖目标物种的大范围体型。对C&；R的物理伤害和生理反应可能与大小有关，并且用于着陆不同大小的鱼的方法各不相同。因此，研究各种鱼类对C&；R的反应可能有助于了解改善放生鱼类结果的最佳做法。北梭子鱼（梭子鱼）体型差异很大。垂钓者可以用手、摇篮或网把它们放上岸，它们通常是自愿释放的，或者是为了遵守规定。我们从一个种群中选取了25只北梭鱼（总长度620-1030毫米），并记录了不同着陆方式（即手、抱、网）的搏斗、处理和解钩时间。在放生之前，在放生后的12小时内，将一个弹出式生物记录包临时贴在每条鱼身上，监测其运动活动、深度和水温，以了解着陆方式和体型的相互作用如何影响放生后的行为和短期命运。战斗和处理时间随着体型的增加而增加。与手工着陆的鱼相比，用摇篮或网着陆的北梭鱼战斗时间更短，但处理时间更长。释放后的运动活动对于较大的鱼和那些用网着陆的鱼来说更大。手工上岸的775mm鱼的运动能力比用网或摇篮上岸的鱼强，而手工上岸的775mm鱼的运动能力比用网上岸的鱼低。未观察到释放后死亡率。总的来说，垂钓者应该使用北梭鱼775毫米的网，以避免长时间的战斗，减少释放后的疲劳，但也要尽量减少处理与渔网上岸的鱼有关的程度。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental estimation of ladder dredge efficiency for capture of European flat oysters over mixed sediment 在混合沉积物上捕取欧洲扁平牡蛎的阶梯疏浚效率的实验估计

IF 1.5 4区农林科学 Q3 FISHERIES

Aquatic Living Resources

Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1051/alr/2023021

Pauline Kamermans, Tom C. Cameron , Russell Smart , Alice Lown , Alex Baker , Rebecca Korda

Fishing gear-based landings or survey methods are often used to make assessments of species stock abundance. In order to convert catch into abundance values, estimates or assumptions are made on the catch efficiency of the gear-based method. This is the case in areas where flat oysters, Ostrea edulis, are surveyed for fisheries and conservation objectives in a range of projects across Europe. Flat oyster dredge efficiency assumptions vary widely from 5–30% in published studies and uncertainty in what is an appropriate efficiency estimate has led some survey teams to switch to Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE), where CPUE is also of concern should catch efficiency change with shellfish density, ground type or some other unmeasured variable such as shellfish distribution. We undertook an experimental approach to estimate dredge efficiency in a standard ladder dredge used to harvest and survey adult flat oysters in the UK and Ireland. The dredge efficiency trials assessed how efficiency was influenced by oyster density (between 1 and 2.2 oysters m²), distribution (clumped vs uniform) and ground types across a gradient of more hard to more soft surface sediments. Dredge efficiency was significantly affected by oyster distribution, but also density and ground hardness as well as their interactions. While a median value between 7 and 10% seems an appropriate universal ladder dredge efficiency to adopt, ground type and distribution had such an effect that local conditions may effect this considerably. Catch efficiency was negatively density-dependent, this makes CPUE methods challenging where oyster densities are likely to vary. Practitioners, regulators and researchers conducting surveys can improve CPUE approaches through standard techniques and knowledge of how catch efficiency varies as we have presented here.

基于渔具的登陆或调查方法常用于评估物种种群丰度。为了将渔获量转换为丰度值，对基于渔具的方法的渔获效率进行了估计或假设。在整个欧洲的一系列项目中，对扁平牡蛎（Ostrea edulis）进行渔业和保护目标调查的地区就是这种情况。在已发表的研究中，对平牡蛎疏浚效率的假设差异很大，从5-30%不等，而对适当效率估计的不确定性导致一些调查小组改用每单位努力捕鱼量（CPUE）， CPUE也值得关注，如果捕获效率随着贝类密度、地面类型或其他一些未测量的变量（如贝类分布）而变化。我们采用了一种实验方法来估计在英国和爱尔兰用于收获和调查成年扁平牡蛎的标准阶梯挖泥船的疏浚效率。疏浚效率试验评估了牡蛎密度（1到2.2个牡蛎m2）、分布（块状还是均匀）和地面类型在更硬到更软的表面沉积物梯度上对效率的影响。牡蛎分布对疏浚效率有显著影响，但密度和地面硬度及其相互作用也对疏浚效率有显著影响。虽然采用7%至10%的中位数似乎是合适的通用梯子疏浚效率，但地面类型和分布有这样的影响，当地条件可能会对其产生很大影响。捕获效率与密度负相关，这使得CPUE方法在牡蛎密度可能变化的地方具有挑战性。进行调查的从业者、监管机构和研究人员可以通过我们在这里介绍的标准技术和捕获效率如何变化的知识来改进CPUE方法。

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引用次数: 0

Pilot studies for stock enhancement of purple sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus, Lamarck, 1816): usefulness of refuges and calcein marking for the monitoring of juveniles released into the natural environment 增加紫海胆（Paracentrotus lividus, Lamarck, 1816）种群数量的初步研究：庇护所和钙蛋白标记对监测放生到自然环境中的幼鱼的有用性

IF 1.5 4区农林科学 Q3 FISHERIES

Aquatic Living Resources

Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1051/alr/2023009

Pierre Boudry, Maria João Correia , Patrícia Mega Lopes , Pedro M. Santos , David Jacinto , David Mateus , Francesco Maresca , Bernardo Ruivo Quintella , Teresa Cruz , Sílvia Lourenço , Ana Pombo , José Lino Costa

In the framework of stock enhancement, field experiments were conducted between March and July 2021 in rocky shores of Central Portugal to test the usefulness of refuges and calcein marking for juvenile sea urchins releases. Individuals with 10–20 mm in test diameter were captured in nature and tagged through immersion in a calcein bath with a concentration of 150 mg L⁻¹, during 48 hr. Artificial shelters were used to provide refuge and an acclimatization structure for the released sea urchins, and in situ monitoring was carried out by counting the marked specimens over three months. Results point out to the importance of using shelters to provide protection to sea urchins, and validated the efficiency of the calcein tagging protocol for in situ monitoring. Sea urchins' test diameter growth during the experiment was estimated to be 0.470 mm month⁻¹ (SD = 0.181).

在种群增加的框架下，于2021年3月至7月在葡萄牙中部的岩石海岸进行了实地试验，以测试放养幼海胆的庇护所和钙蛋白标记的有效性。在自然环境中捕获试验直径为10 - 20mm的个体，并在浓度为150 mg L−1的钙黄蛋白浴中浸泡48小时进行标记。利用人工庇护所为放归海胆提供庇护和适应环境的设施，并在三个月内通过计数标记标本进行现场监测。结果指出了利用庇护所对海胆提供保护的重要性，并验证了钙黄蛋白标记方案在原位监测中的有效性。实验期间海胆的试验直径增长估计为0.470 mm /月（SD = 0.181）。

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引用次数: 0

Ten priority questions for increasing the consistency and success in hatchery production of the European flat oyster for habitat restoration 生境恢复中提高欧洲平牡蛎孵育产量一致性和成功率的十个优先问题

IF 1.5 4区农林科学 Q3 FISHERIES

Aquatic Living Resources

Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1051/alr/2023025

Tom C. Cameron, Philine S.E. zu Ermgassen , Marina Albentosa , Nienke Bakker , Ainhoa Blanco , Kruno Bonačić , Stefano Carboni , Gianni Brundu , Bérenger Colsoul , Nicolás Araujo Piñeiro , Fiz da Costa , Marco Dubbeldam , Monica Fabra , Thomas Galley , Dennis Gowland , Nicholas Jones , Ángel Hernández , Sebastián Hernandis , Ane T. Laugen , Thorolf Magnesen , Pauline Kamermans

The European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, once formed extensive reef habitats throughout European seas and estuaries. These reefs are now largely functionally extinct, yet interest and support for their restoration is rapidly growing. A major bottleneck to scaling up oyster reef restoration is the lack of available oysters to supply the growing demand. This study aimed to identify the ten questions which, if answered, would increase the consistency and success in hatchery production of O. edulis for habitat restoration. Candidate questions were submitted by representatives from twelve commercial and research hatcheries across Europe. The list of 98 candidate questions were collaboratively discussed by experts from nine research hatcheries across eight countries in Europe, to identify the top ten questions via an iterative and open process. Questions were grouped into the following themes: conditioning and feeding, larval rearing, disease and water quality, hatchery protocol, genetics, and hatchery management. There were several overarching topics spanning these themes, including diet optimisation, maximising the effective population size, and developing the technical skillbase in order to increase hatchery production to meet the projected increase in demand for oyster seed for habitat restoration efforts. We anticipate this list will provide a starting point for collaborative research efforts across Europe, as well as assisting policy makers and funders in identifying key knowledge gaps.

欧洲扁平牡蛎（Ostrea edulis）曾经在整个欧洲海域和河口形成了广泛的珊瑚礁栖息地。这些珊瑚礁现在基本上已经功能性灭绝，但对它们恢复的兴趣和支持正在迅速增长。扩大牡蛎礁恢复规模的一个主要瓶颈是缺乏可用的牡蛎来满足日益增长的需求。本研究的目的是确定十个问题，如果回答了这些问题，将增加毛竹在栖息地恢复中孵化场生产的一致性和成功。候选问题由来自欧洲12个商业和研究孵化场的代表提交。来自欧洲八个国家的九个研究孵化场的专家共同讨论了98个候选问题，通过迭代和开放的过程确定了十大问题。问题分为以下几个主题：调节和饲养、幼虫饲养、疾病和水质、孵化场方案、遗传学和孵化场管理。这些主题涵盖了几个总体主题，包括饮食优化，最大限度地提高有效种群规模，以及发展技术技能基础，以增加孵化场产量，以满足栖息地恢复工作对牡蛎种子需求的预计增长。我们预计这份清单将为整个欧洲的合作研究工作提供一个起点，并协助政策制定者和资助者确定关键的知识差距。

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引用次数: 0

Reproduction patterns of the bloody cockle Senilia senilis (Linnaeus 1758) in the Sine-Saloum inverse estuary Sine-Saloum逆河口血蛤的繁殖模式

IF 1.5 4区农林科学 Q3 FISHERIES

Aquatic Living Resources

Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1051/alr/2023029

Pauline Kamermans, Babacar Sané , Malick Diouf , Frédéric Jean , Jonathan Flye-Sainte-Marie , Malika Kerhervé , Caroline Fabioux , Yoann Thomas

Understanding the reproductive biology of a species is an important means of determining the renewal capacity of natural stocks, especially in the case of heavily exploited species. It is a fundamental element in supporting the implementation of management measures. Here, we studied the bloody cockle (S. senilis) in the Sine-Saloum, with the aim of describing its seasonal and spatial reproductive cycle. S. senilis reproduction was studied over an annual cycle at two sites chosen for their contrasting situations along the upstream-downstream gradient. The reproductive cycle was studied by histological analysis of a pool of individuals maintained in-situ and sampled throughout the year. Our results showed that gamete maturation is asynchronous within and between individuals. Gametogenesis mostly occurred in October. The maturation stage showed a seasonal pattern with continuous reproduction throughout the year, with two preferred periods between May and July and December and February. The reproductive cycle is highly dependent on temperature and salinity variations, resulting in a seasonal cycle and spatial heterogeneity. The temperature induces gametogenesis and salinity synchronizes the spawning periods.

了解一个物种的生殖生物学是确定自然种群更新能力的重要手段，特别是在被大量开发的物种的情况下。它是支持执行管理措施的基本要素。本文研究了Sine-Saloum的血蛤（S. senilis），目的是描述其季节和空间繁殖周期。根据上游和下游梯度的不同情况，选择了两个地点，以年为周期研究了老年沙蚕的繁殖。通过对全年保持在原位取样的个体池进行组织学分析，研究了繁殖周期。我们的研究结果表明，配子成熟在个体内部和个体之间是异步的。配子发生主要发生在10月。成熟期呈季节性，全年连续繁殖，有5 - 7月和12 - 2月两个优先期。繁殖周期高度依赖于温度和盐度的变化，造成季节周期和空间异质性。温度诱导配子体发生，盐度同步产卵期。

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引用次数: 0

Population dynamics of the European native oyster in a Marine Conservation Zone exposed to unregulated harvesting 在海洋保护区暴露于无管制捕捞的欧洲本地牡蛎的种群动态

IF 1.5 4区农林科学 Q3 FISHERIES

Aquatic Living Resources

Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1051/alr/2022023

Tom C. Cameron, David Smyth , Rachel Millar , Annika Clements , Heidi McIvenny , Maria Hayden-Hughes

The implementation of closed zones as fishery management tools have been shown to be successful in the augmentation of habitat restricted species. A concerted restoration effort is currently being focused on the European native oyster throughout its natural range. This has been accompanied by an increase in oyster prices. In 2018 a native oyster for restoration purposes cost 80 pence sterling by 2021 the price had increased to £3.50. It is likely that these price increases have led to harvesting pressure on established wild populations. A number of recovering Ostrea edulis assemblages in Strangford Lough Northern Ireland are located within a closed zone which has been in operation since 2008. This research investigated the effectiveness of this restricted area in regards to protecting O. edulis assemblages. The study revealed that within policed regions of the restricted area the population increased from an estimated 1000 oysters in 2004 to >88,000 in 2021. Furthermore, the age structure and population dynamics differed considerably from non-policed areas which still experienced harvesting. The research supports the use of closed zone legislation as a conservation tool with developing O. edulis populations. As newly restored populations become established, rising market prices will place these under increased harvesting pressure. The use of closed zones may offer a means of protecting these emergent populations.

作为渔业管理工具的封闭区域的实施在增加生境限制物种方面已被证明是成功的。一项协调一致的恢复工作目前正集中在欧洲本土牡蛎的自然范围内。与此同时，牡蛎价格也在上涨。2018年，用于修复目的的本地牡蛎价格为80便士，到2021年，价格上涨至3.5英镑。这些价格的上涨很可能导致对已建立的野生种群的收获压力。在北爱尔兰的斯特兰福德湖，许多正在恢复的Ostrea edulis聚集在一个封闭的区域内，该区域自2008年以来一直在运作。本研究考察了该限定区对黄菖蒲群落的保护效果。研究显示，在受管制的区域内，牡蛎的数量从2004年的约1000只增加到2021年的8.8万只。此外，年龄结构和人口动态与仍有采伐的非管制地区有很大不同。该研究支持使用封闭区域立法作为发展中的毛竹种群的保护工具。随着新恢复种群的建立，不断上涨的市场价格将使这些种群面临更大的收获压力。封闭区域的使用可能是保护这些新兴种群的一种手段。

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引用次数: 0

Genetic diversity and structure assessment of Macrobrachium nipponense populations: implications for the protection and management of genetic resources 日本沼虾群体遗传多样性和结构评价：对遗传资源保护和管理的启示

IF 1.5 4区农林科学 Q3 FISHERIES

Aquatic Living Resources

Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1051/alr/2023002

Carlos Saavedra, Yiwei Xiong , Sufei Jiang , Lijuan Zhang , Jisheng Wang , Wenyi Zhang , Shubo Jin , Yongsheng Gong , Yan Wu , Hui Qiao , Hongtuo Fu

This article presents a study of D-loop sequences to characterize the genetic diversity of wild Macrobrachium nipponense populations in Yixing natural waters including two reservoirs (Hengshan reservoir, HS; Youche reservoir, YC), 3 brooks (Linjin Dang, LJD; Magong Dushan Dang, MDD; Yangshan Dang, YSD) and 3 shallow lakes (Dongjiu lake, DJ; Xijiu lake, XJ; Tuanjiu lake, XJ), and compared the genetic differentiation and population structure with wild populations of Taihu Lake (TH), Yangtze River (YZ), and the main local artificially bred varieties “Taihu No. 2” (TH-2). A 747 bp D-loop sequence fragment was amplified in 321 individuals and the results exhibited a higher content of A+T (80.03%) than C+G (19.97%). A total of 110 haplotypes were identified. The h and π value proved the diversity of these populations was at the same level with high genetic diversity. TH-2 and YZ showed remarkable diversity, and XJ is even better. Fst estimates suggested that YZ and TH-2 were significant differentiation with other Yixing populations (P < 0.05). Three populations from shallow lake (DJ, XJ and TJ) displayed significant differentiated with the left Yixing ones (P < 0.05). The pairwise genetic distance, as well as haplotype network results, also suggested that all these 11 populations did not diverge at the species level (<15%). The P values of Tajima's D and Fu Fs were relatively greater than 0.1 (P > 0.1) and the nucleotide mismatch distribution analysis showed multiple peaks, giving a conclusion that the populations did not exhibited expansion. All these results suggested that TH-2 and YZ have remarkable diversity, and the germplasm resources and genetic diversity of M. nipponense in Yixing are very good and are suitable for original materials of breeding.

本文研究了宜兴市恒山水库、湖南恒山水库、浙江恒山水库、浙江恒山水库、浙江恒山水库等天然水域日本沼虾野生种群遗传多样性的D-loop序列。优车水库，YC)， 3条小溪(临津党，LJD；党独山，MDD；阳山塘（YSD）和3个浅湖(东九湖，DJ；新疆习九湖；并与太湖（TH）、长江（YZ）野生种群以及当地主要人工选育品种“太湖2号”（TH-2）的遗传分化和种群结构进行了比较。结果显示，A+T的含量（80.03%）高于C+G的含量（19.97%）。共鉴定出110个单倍型。h和π值表明这些群体的多样性处于同一水平，具有较高的遗传多样性。TH-2和YZ表现出显著的多样性，XJ表现得更好。初步估计表明YZ和TH-2与宜兴其他种群有显著分化(P <；0.05)。浅湖3个种群（DJ、XJ和TJ）与宜兴左侧种群(P <；0.05)。对遗传距离和单倍型网络结果也表明，这11个居群在种水平上没有分化（<15%）。田岛的D和Fu f的P值相对大于0.1 (P >；0.1)，核苷酸错配分布分析呈现多峰分布，表明种群未出现扩张。以上结果表明，TH-2和YZ具有显著的多样性，宜兴地区日本松的种质资源和遗传多样性非常好，适合作为育种的原始材料。

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引用次数: 0

Fishmeal replacement by mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) in diet of farmed Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): effects on growth performance, serum biochemistry, and immune response 凡纳滨对虾饲料中粉虫替代鱼粉：对生长性能、血清生化和免疫反应的影响

IF 1.5 4区农林科学 Q3 FISHERIES

Aquatic Living Resources

Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1051/alr/2023013

Pierre Boudry, Moslem Sharifinia , Zahra Afshari Bahmanbeigloo , Mehrzad Keshavarzifard , Mohammad Hossein Khanjani , Moslem Daliri , Emad Koochaknejad , Mohammad Sedigh Jasour

Reducing the use of fishmeal (FM) in shrimp feed means significant savings in the amount of FM consumed globally and subsequently reducing production costs and environmental impacts. Insect meal (IM) is one of the protein sources to replace FM in aquafeeds. In this regard, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of replacing FM with mealworm (MW, Tenebrio molitor) on the growth performance, haemolymph biochemical responses, and innate immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimps with a mean weight of 7.41 ± 0.13 gram were cultured in 300-liter fiberglass tanks (with a useful drainage volume of 200 liters) with a density of 20 shrimp per tank over a period of 60 days. Dietary treatments, including the control treatment (no mealworm; T0), 15% (T15), 30% (T30), 60% (T60), and 100% (T100) level of replacing FM with mealworm (MW), each with three replications, were investigated in the form of a randomized design. The results of this study showed a significant difference in body weight gain (BWG), feed efficiency (FE), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and hepatopancreas index (HPI) among the treatments (P < 0.05). With the increase of the replacement of FM with MW up to 30%, BWG, FE, and HPI were significantly increased then reduced. The levels of cholesterol (Chol), triglycerides (Tg), and glucose (Glu) showed a decreasing trend with increasing replacement of FM with MW and revealed a significant difference with the control treatment at high levels of replacement (P < 0.05). Besides, the results showed that replacing FM with MW had a significant effect on the activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD), phenol oxidase (PO), lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the total count of hemocytes (THC) in the practical diets compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Overall, the findings suggest that MW is a promising alternative protein source for L. vannamei, as it enhances both growth performance and the immune system. The study recommends the use of MW in the diet of farmed species in the aquaculture industry, given its lack of adverse impacts on growth performance and its potential to reduce environmental consequences resulting from its production. The results also underscore the importance of exploring alternative protein sources to reduce dependence on FM and enhance sustainability in the aquaculture industry.

减少虾饲料中鱼粉（FM）的使用意味着全球鱼粉消费量的显著节省，从而降低生产成本和环境影响。昆虫粕是水产饲料中替代鱼粉的蛋白质来源之一。为此，本试验旨在探讨粉虫（MW, tenbrio molitor）替代粉虫对凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）生长性能、血淋巴生化反应和先天免疫的影响。平均体重为7.41±0.13克的对虾在300升玻璃纤维池中（有用排水量为200升）养殖，密度为20只/池，为期60天。饮食处理，包括对照处理(无粉虫；采用随机设计，研究粉虫（MW）替代FM的T0、15% （T15）、30% （T30）、60% （T60）和100% （T100）水平，每组3个重复。本研究结果表明，各处理间肉鸡增重（BWG）、饲料效率（FE）、饲料系数（FCR）和肝胰脏指数（HPI）均有显著差异(P <；0.05)。随着FM置换量的增加至30%，BWG、FE和HPI均呈先升高后降低的趋势。胆固醇（Chol）、甘油三酯（Tg）和葡萄糖（Glu）水平随豆粕替代量的增加呈下降趋势，在高替代量时与对照组差异显著(P <；0.05)。此外，结果表明，与对照组相比，用MW替代鱼粉对实际饲料中超氧化酶歧化酶（SOD）、酚氧化酶（PO）、溶菌酶（LZM）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性和血细胞总数（THC）均有显著影响(P <；0.05)。总的来说，研究结果表明，MW是一种有希望的替代蛋白质来源，因为它可以提高生长性能和免疫系统。该研究建议在水产养殖业养殖物种的饲料中使用MW，因为它对生长性能没有不利影响，并且有可能减少其生产造成的环境后果。研究结果还强调了探索替代蛋白质来源以减少对鱼粉的依赖和提高水产养殖业可持续性的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Fifty years of research to counter the decline of the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis): a review of French achievements and prospects for the restoration of remaining beds and revival of aquaculture production 应对欧洲平生牡蛎（Ostrea edulis）衰退的五十年研究：法国的成就和对恢复剩余床和恢复水产养殖生产的展望

IF 1.5 4区农林科学 Q3 FISHERIES

Aquatic Living Resources

Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1051/alr/2023006

Pauline Kamermans, Stéphane Pouvreau , Sylvie Lapègue , Isabelle Arzul , Pierre Boudry

In the fifty years since the introduction of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the first reports of the parasites Marteilia refringens and Bonamia ostreae in European waters, numerous research projects dedicated to the native European flat oyster Ostrea edulis have been conducted, notably in France. Most of these projects have been dedicated to developing controlled reproduction and hatchery technology for seed production, examining pathological aspects to understand and control diseases, and using genetics to develop resistant lines. While the long-term objective of most studies has been to revive the aquaculture production of O. edulis, a smaller number have addressed the ecology of local remnant beds and reefs in France. This article provides an overview of the major outcomes of all these projects, focusing on results obtained in France and prospects for future work there, taking into account the rising interest in increasing aquaculture production and ecological motivation to restore declining populations as part of the framework of the Native Oyster Restoration Alliance (NORA) and in line with UN Decade for Ecosystem Restoration.

自从引进太平洋牡蛎长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）和首次报道欧洲水域的寄生虫Marteilia refingens和Bonamia ostreae以来的50年里，许多研究项目致力于欧洲本土扁平牡蛎（Ostrea edulis），特别是在法国。这些项目大多致力于开发用于种子生产的可控繁殖和孵化技术，检查病理方面以了解和控制疾病，并利用遗传学开发抗性品系。虽然大多数研究的长期目标是恢复O. edulis的水产养殖生产，但少数研究涉及法国当地残余床和珊瑚礁的生态。本文概述了所有这些项目的主要成果，重点介绍了在法国取得的成果和对未来工作的展望，同时考虑到对增加水产养殖产量的兴趣日益增加，以及作为本地牡蛎恢复联盟（NORA）框架的一部分并与联合国生态系统恢复十年保持一致的恢复种群下降的生态动机。

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引用次数: 0

Applicability of the gape monitor to study flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) feeding behaviour 缺口监测仪在平牡蛎摄食行为研究中的适用性

IF 1.5 4区农林科学 Q3 FISHERIES

Aquatic Living Resources

Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1051/alr/2022021

Tom C. Cameron, Linda Tonk , Rob Witbaard , Pim van Dalen , Chiu H. Cheng , Pauline Kamermans

Innovative techniques are needed to assess oyster performance in flat oyster reef restoration projects. A valve gape monitor, a device that continuously measures opening and closing of live bivalves, can potentially be used as an effective method to determine survival and behaviour of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis. The method has been successfully used in combination with a number of bivalve species to investigate valve gape activity in response to environmental factors. In this study, eight O. edulis were equipped with valve gape sensors in order to relate gape to environmental conditions such as food availability. Valve gape activity was monitored under controlled laboratory conditions, with and without food, in a concrete basin in the Oosterschelde and in the field (Voordelta, Dutch North Sea). Under controlled laboratory conditions, oysters clearly responded to changes in food availability. Starved oysters closed their valves significantly longer than oysters that received food, and the relative gape width in fed oysters was larger. In the concrete basin (Oosterschelde), a positive correlation between valve opening and Chlorophyll-a was found. Additionally, valve gape activity and tidal movement appeared to be linked. When exposed to a full tidal cycle (Voordelta), a negative correlation between valve opening and Chlorophyll-a was found. However, there was no correlation between valve gape and current velocity. In autumn, longer periods of inactivity were seen, but when valves opened, the valve gape was larger. These data indicate that valve gape can provide valuable information on behaviour (gape frequency and gape width), but also show that it is not necessarily a good proxy for feeding rate. Nevertheless, these results show that the gape monitor can be used to determine the natural behaviour of flat oysters under field conditions, and that gape opening provides information on behaviour and the stress response of bivalves to environmental conditions.

在平牡蛎礁恢复项目中，需要创新的技术来评估牡蛎的性能。阀门间隙监测仪是一种连续测量活双壳类开合的装置，它可能被用作确定欧洲扁平牡蛎（Ostrea edulis）存活和行为的有效方法。该方法已成功地与许多双壳类动物结合使用，研究了对环境因素的响应。在这项研究中，8只黄菖蒲配备了阀门间隙传感器，以便将间隙与环境条件（如食物供应）联系起来。在受控的实验室条件下，在Oosterschelde的混凝土盆地和现场（荷兰北海Voordelta），在有食物和没有食物的情况下监测阀口活动。在受控的实验室条件下，牡蛎对食物供应的变化有明显的反应。饥饿的牡蛎关闭阀门的时间明显长于进食的牡蛎，而进食的牡蛎的相对宽度更大。在混凝土盆地（Oosterschelde），阀门开度与叶绿素-a呈正相关。此外，阀口活动和潮汐运动似乎是有联系的。当暴露于一个完整的潮汐循环（Voordelta）时，阀开度与叶绿素-a呈负相关。然而，阀门间隙与流速之间没有相关性。在秋季，观察到较长时间的不活动，但当阀门打开时，阀门间隙更大。这些数据表明阀门间隙可以提供有价值的行为信息（间隙频率和间隙宽度），但也表明它不一定是喂料速率的良好代表。尽管如此，这些结果表明，裂口监测仪可以用于确定野外条件下平牡蛎的自然行为，并且裂口打开提供了双壳类动物对环境条件的行为和应激反应的信息。

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引用次数: 0