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Incorporating Asymmetric Loss for Real Estate Prediction With Area-Level Spatial Data
IF 1.3 4区 数学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1002/asmb.70009
Vaidehi Dixit, Scott H. Holan, Christopher K. Wikle

We investigate two asymmetric loss functions, namely linear exponential (LINEX) loss and power divergence loss for optimal spatial prediction with area-level data. With our motivation arising from the real estate industry, namely in real estate valuation, we use the Zillow Home Value Index (ZHVI) for county-level values to show the change in prediction when the loss is different (asymmetric) from a traditional squared error loss (symmetric) function. Additionally, we discuss the importance of choosing the asymmetry parameter and propose a solution to this choice for a general asymmetric loss function. Since the focus is on area-level data predictions, we propose the methodology in the context of conditionally autoregressive (CAR) models. We conclude that the choice of the loss functions for spatial area-level predictions can play a crucial role and is heavily driven by the choice of parameters in the respective loss.

我们研究了两种非对称损失函数,即线性指数(LINEX)损失和幂发散损失,用于区域级数据的最优空间预测。我们的研究动机来自于房地产行业,即房地产估价,我们使用 Zillow 房屋价值指数(ZHVI)的县级数值来展示当损失与传统的平方误差损失(对称)函数不同(非对称)时预测的变化。此外,我们还讨论了选择非对称参数的重要性,并提出了针对一般非对称损失函数选择非对称参数的解决方案。由于重点是地区级数据预测,我们在条件自回归(CAR)模型的背景下提出了这一方法。我们的结论是,对于空间区域级预测,损失函数的选择可以起到至关重要的作用,并且在很大程度上受各自损失参数选择的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Hazard Rate Order Between Parallel Systems With Multiple Types of Scaled Components
IF 1.3 4区 数学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1002/asmb.70008
Khaled Masoumifard, Abedin Haidari, Nuria Torrado

This study delves into the comparison of two parallel systems, each composed of multiple component types following the scale models with a shared baseline distribution. Under some assumptions imposed on the baseline distribution, it is shown that a restricted version of the p$$ p $$-larger order between the scale parameter vectors implies the hazard rate order between the system lifetimes, provided that the allocation vectors of the two systems are the same. Additionally, we explore scenarios where one system embodies heterogeneous scale parameters, whereas the other adopts homogeneous ones, examining the hazard rate order between their lifetimes. For the case when the scale vectors of the two systems are the same, it is shown under some assumptions on the baseline distribution that the weak supermajorization order between the allocation vectors results in the reversed hazard rate order between the system lifetimes. Under more restrictions on the allocation vectors, an extension of this result to the likelihood ratio order is also established. Our discussion also highlights the fulfillment of these assumptions by well-known lifetime distributions such as Feller-Pareto, generalized gamma, power-generalized Weibull, exponentiated Weibull, and half-normal distributions. The findings of this work contribute to addressing gaps in the understanding of stochastic orderings between parallel systems and further refine prior research in this domain. Furthermore, the results provide a foundation for practical applications, such as optimizing resource allocation and reliability assessment in engineering and operational contexts.

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引用次数: 0
No-Arbitrage Valuation of Contingent Claims Depending on an Untradeable Asset
IF 1.3 4区 数学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2025-03-23 DOI: 10.1002/asmb.70007
Erindi Allaj

We consider an incomplete market situation with the presence of an untradeable asset and several tradeable assets. By an untradeable asset we mean an asset that cannot be traded on a public market. Typical examples of untradeable assets include real options and private credit/debt investments. We then exploit the relationship between the untradeable asset and tradeable assets to evaluate contingent claims depending on the untradeable asset. Under a multidimensional generalized Black–Scholes (GBS) framework, we study two different methods for pricing these kinds of contingent claims. The first is mean-variance hedging (MVH). The second is the method proposed in Jarrow (2023). We illustrate the two methods by applying them to two particular contingent claims: The option to defer and the spread option. No-arbitrage prices and admissible replicating trading strategies are derived. Lastly, we run simulations to test the performance of these replicating trading strategies.

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引用次数: 0
Digital Twins: A Revolution in Modeling and Simulation
IF 1.3 4区 数学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1002/asmb.70006
Jean-Michel Poggi, Murat Caner Testik
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引用次数: 0
Pareto Optimal Proxy Metrics
IF 1.3 4区 数学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1002/asmb.70003
Alessandro Zito, Dylan Greaves, Jacopo Soriano, Lee Richardson

North star metrics and online experimentation play a central role in how technology companies improve their products. In many practical settings, however, evaluating experiments based on the north star metric directly can be difficult. The two most significant issues are (1) low sensitivity of the north star metric and (2) differences between the short-term and long-term impact on it. A common solution is to rely on proxy metrics rather than the north star in experiment evaluation and launch decisions. Existing literature on proxy metrics concentrates mainly on the estimation of the long-term impact from short-term experimental data. In this article, instead, we focus on the trade-off between the estimation of the long-term impact and the sensitivity in the short term. In particular, we propose the Pareto optimal proxy metrics method, which simultaneously optimizes prediction accuracy and sensitivity. We also give a multi-objective optimization algorithm to solve our specific problem. We apply our methodology to experiments from a large industrial recommendation system, and found proxy metrics that are eight times more sensitive than the north star and consistently moved in the same direction, increasing the velocity and the quality of the decisions to launch new features.

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引用次数: 0
Is There a Future for Stochastic Modeling in Business and Industry in the Era of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence?
IF 1.3 4区 数学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1002/asmb.70004
Fabrizio Ruggeri, David Banks, William S. Cleveland, Nicholas I. Fisher, Marcos Escobar-Anel, Paolo Giudici, Emanuela Raffinetti, Roger W. Hoerl, Dennis K. J. Lin, Ron S. Kenett, Wai Keung Li, Philip L. H. Yu, Jean-Michel Poggi, Marco S. Reis, Gilbert Saporta, Piercesare Secchi, Rituparna Sen, Ansgar Steland, Zhanpan Zhang

The paper arises from the experience of Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry which has seen, over the years, more and more contributions related to Machine Learning rather than to what was intended as a stochastic model. The very notion of a stochastic model (e.g., a Gaussian process or a Dynamic Linear Model) can be subject to change: What is a Deep Neural Network if not a stochastic model? The paper presents the views, supported by examples, of distinguished researchers in the field of business and industrial statistics. They are discussing not only whether there is a future for traditional stochastic models in the era of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, but also how these fields can interact and gain new life for their development.

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引用次数: 0
Redundancy Allocation Problem in k-Out-Of-n Systems With Dependent and Heterogeneous Components
IF 1.3 4区 数学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1002/asmb.2932
Zohreh Zare, Somayeh Zarezadeh, Mahmood Kharrati-Kopaei

The aim of this paper is to investigate the problem of one and two active redundant components allocation in a k-out-of-n system with dependent components. Here, some necessary and sufficient conditions are presented under which the redundancies are optimally allocated to the system components based on the usual stochastic order criterion. In addition, it is shown that, unlike the independence mode, a redundant component is not necessarily allocated to the weakest component. Further, in the case of the two redundant components, the weak (strong) redundant component is not necessarily allocated to the stronger (weaker) component of the system. Some algorithms are also presented for calculating the reliability of the considered system under the assumption of dependency between the main and redundant components. Using different copula functions for describing the dependencies between components, various examples are given to illustrate the optimal allocation of redundant components.

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引用次数: 0
Mean Distances and Dependence Structures for Lifetimes of Systems With Shared Components
IF 1.3 4区 数学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1002/asmb.70002
Marco Capaldo, Antonio Di Crescenzo, Franco Pellerey

Distortion and copula functions represent powerful tools in the description of the reliability of some complex systems as functions of their components' reliability. On this aim, we study several pairs of reliability systems with one or more shared components, in the case when their lifetimes are independent and identically distributed or independent but not identically distributed. We focus on the dependence that arises from sharing components, often described by Marshall-Olkin copulas, making use of some distance measures related to the Gini's mean difference and its new recent generalizations. A special role is played by a new distortion function related to the ROC curve.

畸变函数和共轭函数是描述某些复杂系统可靠性的有力工具,是其组件可靠性的函数。为此,我们研究了具有一个或多个共享组件的几对可靠性系统,它们的寿命是独立且同分布的,或者是独立但非同分布的。我们将重点放在共享组件所产生的依赖性上,通常用马歇尔-奥尔金协方差来描述,并利用一些与基尼平均差及其最新概括相关的距离度量。与 ROC 曲线相关的新扭曲函数发挥了特殊作用。
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引用次数: 0
A Framework for Product Life Cycle Management Based Digital Twin Implementation in the Aerospace Industry
IF 1.3 4区 数学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1002/asmb.70001
Busra Oksuz Gurdal, Ozlem Muge Testik

As an emerging technology, digital twin (DT) studies are gaining momentum in both academia and industry. Specifically, the aerospace industry can benefit significantly from the implementation of DT technology since its products and processes are complex, technically challenging, and costly. DTs enable a comprehensive technology integration capacity and holistic approach in the product life cycle. However, for simplification, implementations of DT to processes in the aerospace industry are often handled independently without integration with other related processes. In this study, we propose a methodological framework to integrate different processes throughout the essential parts of aircraft's life cycle. In pursuit of creating a DT of the system for managing the life cycle of aircraft, all aspects and processes have been thoroughly examined. Ten main components for the management of DTs are identified. Statistical and stochastic approaches for enhancing the analytical capabilities of DTs are discussed. Within the scope of Product Life Cycle Management and from the perspective of Systems Engineering, we advocate creating the DT of an aircraft by combining the DTs for each component through a digital thread.

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引用次数: 0
Modelling Task Durations Towards Automated, Big Data, Process Mining
IF 1.3 4区 数学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1002/asmb.2933
Malcolm Faddy, Lingkai Yang, Sally McClean, Mark Donnelly, Kashaf Khan, Kevin Burke

Business processes are generally time-sensitive, impacting factors such as customer expectations, cost efficiencies, compliance requirements, supply chain constraints, and timely decision-making. Time analysis is therefore crucial for customer understanding and process congestion minimisation. Existing process mining methods mainly employ basic statistics, process discovery and data mining techniques. These approaches often lack a structured model or profile to characterise the data related to the duration of individual process tasks. Consequently, it can be difficult to comprehensively understand critical observations such as trends, peaks, and valleys of task durations. This paper proposes a parsimonious generic representation of task duration data that addresses these limitations. A mixture model comprising gamma, uniform and exponential distributions is proposed that allows for peaked components corresponding to durations terminating near a particular value (the peak) with, in addition, flatter components for durations terminating more randomly between the peaks. The modelling is validated using examples from patient billing and the telecom industry. In each scenario, the corresponding fitted models offer a good representation of the underlying process tasks. The model can therefore be used to improve knowledge of these tasks in terms of the mixture components and what they might represent, such as the root causes of task termination. The paper also considers information criteria more appropriate for large data sets where very small effects can appear “significant” using techniques developed for smaller data sets.

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Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry
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