Applied Acoustics最新文献_第4页

Detecting changes in air composition based on speed of sound 根据声速检测空气成分的变化

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110393

Zhang Xin , Teng Xudong , Fan Yuantao

For detecting changes in air composition, the traditional method based on measuring the speed of sound lacks selectivity for different gaseous species and is easily influenced by environmental effects such as pressure, humidity, and temperature. Additionally, this method is difficult to be used for the quantitative analysis of air mixed with an unknown gas. In this paper, a data-driven model is developed for detecting changes in air composition from a qualitative perspective. By comparing the measured speed of sound with that theoretically calculated using the virial expansion for real air, the precise differences are used as data to construct a distance matrix, then the most typical speed difference is identified in order to calculate the z-score, from which the one-sided p-value (which is the probability of the z-score from a normal distribution) is calculated to detect a change in air composition at a given significance level. Experimental results show that the proposed data-driven model can accurately locate the time of change and determine the change intervals for air composition variations, and it has better accuracy and a lower value of R_FT, almost equal to zero, compared with methods such as quartiles, standard deviation, interquartile range, and Bayesian detection and thus can be applied to domestic and industrial sensors for air monitoring, gas detection, and gas pollution alarms.

对于检测空气成分的变化，传统的测量声速方法缺乏对不同气体种类的选择性，并且容易受到压力、湿度和温度等环境影响。此外，这种方法很难用于对混有未知气体的空气进行定量分析。本文开发了一个数据驱动模型，用于从定性角度检测空气成分的变化。通过将测量到的声速与利用真实空气的病毒式膨胀理论计算出的声速进行比较，将精确的差异作为数据来构建距离矩阵，然后找出最典型的速度差异，以计算出 z 分数，并由此计算出单边 p 值（即 z 分数来自正态分布的概率），从而在给定的显著性水平下检测出空气成分的变化。实验结果表明，与四分法、标准偏差法、四分位数区间法和贝叶斯检测法等方法相比，所提出的数据驱动模型能准确定位空气成分变化的时间并确定变化区间，具有更好的准确性和更低的 RFT 值，几乎等于零，因此可应用于空气监测、气体检测和气体污染报警的家用和工业传感器。

{"title":"Detecting changes in air composition based on speed of sound","authors":"Zhang Xin , Teng Xudong , Fan Yuantao","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For detecting changes in air composition, the traditional method based on measuring the speed of sound lacks selectivity for different gaseous species and is easily influenced by environmental effects such as pressure, humidity, and temperature. Additionally, this method is difficult to be used for the quantitative analysis of air mixed with an unknown gas. In this paper, a data-driven model is developed for detecting changes in air composition from a qualitative perspective. By comparing the measured speed of sound with that theoretically calculated using the virial expansion for real air, the precise differences are used as data to construct a distance matrix, then the most typical speed difference is identified in order to calculate the <em>z</em>-score, from which the one-sided <em>p</em>-value (which is the probability of the <em>z</em>-score from a normal distribution) is calculated to detect a change in air composition at a given significance level. Experimental results show that the proposed data-driven model can accurately locate the time of change and determine the change intervals for air composition variations, and it has better accuracy and a lower value of <em>R<sub>FT</sub></em>, almost equal to zero, compared with methods such as quartiles, standard deviation, interquartile range, and Bayesian detection and thus can be applied to domestic and industrial sensors for air monitoring, gas detection, and gas pollution alarms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 110393"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of the interaction between sewage odour and sounds on crowd behaviours in urban waterfront park 污水气味与声音的相互作用对城市海滨公园人群行为的影响

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110378

Meihui Ba , Zhongzhe Li , Jian Kang

Sewage odour is a common pollution odour source produced by urban water bodies and negatively impacts people’s behaviour. This study aimed to explore whether sound could change this negative effect. Therefore, a behaviour-observation experiment was conducted in a typical urban waterfront park using the sewage odour as the source of the pollution smell and playing typical sound sources in urban environments (music and fan sounds) with and without odour. The results showed that for crowd paths, music could significantly attract a crowd, fan sound or sewage odour could keep the crowd away. Furthermore, when there was sewage odour, the effects of the trends of approaching or receding from the sound sources caused by the music and fan sounds, respectively, have been strengthened. Sound and odour had relatively independent impacts on the crowd speed and duration time, reflected in the fact that music significantly reduced the crowd speed whereas fan sound and sewage odour significantly improved it. Music significantly increased the crowd duration time, while fan sound and sewage odour significantly reduced it. On this basis, the independent effects of sound and odour were superimposed, and the positive effect of music was stronger than the negative effect of sewage odour.

污水气味是城市水体产生的一种常见污染气味源，会对人们的行为产生负面影响。本研究旨在探讨声音能否改变这种负面影响。因此，我们在一个典型的城市滨水公园进行了行为观察实验，以污水气味作为污染气味源，并在有气味和无气味的情况下播放城市环境中的典型声源（音乐和风扇声）。结果表明，对于人群路径，音乐能明显吸引人群，而风扇声或污水气味则能使人群远离。此外，当有污水气味时，由音乐和风扇声分别引起的接近声源或远离声源的趋势的影响得到了加强。声音和气味对人群速度和持续时间的影响相对独立，这体现在音乐显著降低了人群速度，而风扇声和污水气味则显著提高了人群速度。音乐明显增加了人群持续时间，而风扇声和污水气味则明显减少了人群持续时间。在此基础上，声音和气味的独立效应叠加，音乐的积极效应强于污水气味的消极效应。

{"title":"The effects of the interaction between sewage odour and sounds on crowd behaviours in urban waterfront park","authors":"Meihui Ba , Zhongzhe Li , Jian Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sewage odour is a common pollution odour source produced by urban water bodies and negatively impacts people’s behaviour. This study aimed to explore whether sound could change this negative effect. Therefore, a behaviour-observation experiment was conducted in a typical urban waterfront park using the sewage odour as the source of the pollution smell and playing typical sound sources in urban environments (music and fan sounds) with and without odour. The results showed that for crowd paths, music could significantly attract a crowd, fan sound or sewage odour could keep the crowd away. Furthermore, when there was sewage odour, the effects of the trends of approaching or receding from the sound sources caused by the music and fan sounds, respectively, have been strengthened. Sound and odour had relatively independent impacts on the crowd speed and duration time, reflected in the fact that music significantly reduced the crowd speed whereas fan sound and sewage odour significantly improved it. Music significantly increased the crowd duration time, while fan sound and sewage odour significantly reduced it. On this basis, the independent effects of sound and odour were superimposed, and the positive effect of music was stronger than the negative effect of sewage odour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 110378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acoustic performance of multi-resonator screens in a virtually reconstructed open-plan office 虚拟重建开放式办公室中多共鸣器屏幕的声学性能

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110381

Giulia Fratoni , Martin Tenpierik , Michela Turrin , Massimo Garai , Dario D'Orazio

Sound-absorbing barriers and screens are commonly employed to mitigate one of the most annoying noises in workplaces: intelligible speech. However, isolating their acoustic contribution from all the other elements (ceilings, wall treatment, or carpets) is challenging. This study uses a wave-based room acoustic modeling approach to explore the acoustic function of desk screens in a virtually reconstructed open-plan office. Analytical models, finite-element simulations, and experimental data from 3D-printed samples allowed defining a multi-resonator unit cell, attenuating the voice signal's main formants. The sound-absorbing panels composed of the unit modules iteration are assessed in the full-scale digital model, starting from the calibrated version on in-field measurements. The wave-based engine employed in this study grants the crucial aspect of computing the acoustic performance of the potential multi-resonator screens, including the edge diffraction due to their desk installation. In the virtual workplace, the acoustic role of such screens in increasing the speech level decay is outlined in comparison with the calibrated scenario and the traditional screens' option.

吸音屏障和隔音屏通常用于减轻工作场所最恼人的噪音之一：清晰的语音。然而，将它们的声学贡献从所有其他元素（天花板、墙面处理或地毯）中分离出来是一项挑战。本研究采用基于波的室内声学建模方法，在虚拟重建的开放式办公室中探索桌面屏风的声学功能。通过分析模型、有限元模拟和 3D 打印样品的实验数据，可以定义一个多谐振器单元单元，从而衰减语音信号的主要前级。从现场测量的校准版本开始，在全尺寸数字模型中对由单元模块迭代组成的吸音板进行了评估。本研究中采用的基于波的引擎可以计算潜在的多共振屏的声学性能，包括因桌面安装而产生的边缘衍射。在虚拟工作场所中，通过与校准方案和传统屏幕方案的比较，概述了此类屏幕在增加语音电平衰减方面的声学作用。

{"title":"Acoustic performance of multi-resonator screens in a virtually reconstructed open-plan office","authors":"Giulia Fratoni , Martin Tenpierik , Michela Turrin , Massimo Garai , Dario D'Orazio","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sound-absorbing barriers and screens are commonly employed to mitigate one of the most annoying noises in workplaces: intelligible speech. However, isolating their acoustic contribution from all the other elements (ceilings, wall treatment, or carpets) is challenging. This study uses a wave-based room acoustic modeling approach to explore the acoustic function of desk screens in a virtually reconstructed open-plan office. Analytical models, finite-element simulations, and experimental data from 3D-printed samples allowed defining a multi-resonator unit cell, attenuating the voice signal's main formants. The sound-absorbing panels composed of the unit modules iteration are assessed in the full-scale digital model, starting from the calibrated version on in-field measurements. The wave-based engine employed in this study grants the crucial aspect of computing the acoustic performance of the potential multi-resonator screens, including the edge diffraction due to their desk installation. In the virtual workplace, the acoustic role of such screens in increasing the speech level decay is outlined in comparison with the calibrated scenario and the traditional screens' option.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 110381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Whistling potential of throttling orifices and its connection to liquid rocket combustion instability 节流孔的啸叫潜力及其与液体火箭燃烧不稳定性的联系

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110361

Muthaiah M, Suraj Saini, Varunkumar S

Orifice whistling is recently established as a cause of high frequency combustion instability in liquid rocket engines. The series of studies on the experimental thrust chamber, known as BKD, developed at the German Aerospace Center (DLR), were instrumental in identifying this phenomenon. BKD encountered an injector-driven thermo-acoustic instability caused by the self-excitation of the LOX injector. The throttle orifice in the LOX injector plays a vital role in the self-excitation through whistling. In this work, the impedance of the BKD throttling orifice is characterized with the motive to find its whistling range. The CFD approach based on solving the unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations proposed by Lacombe et al. [1] is used for this characterization. We characterize the orifice at the weak and the strong coupling conditions reported in the literature. The orifice impedance is calculated in the range of 4 kHz to 15 kHz, covering the entire potential coupling range of LOX injector eigen modes. The impedance results show that the orifice character follows the whistling behavior of the “medium” orifices. The resistance turns negative in the Strouhal number range of

S t = 0.89

- 1.2 for both the weak and strong operating conditions. When plotted against the frequency, the resistance at the strong coupling condition occurs close to the second longitudinal (2L) mode of the LOX injector, suggesting direct excitation of the injector through the orifice whistling. The coexistence of the 2L mode and the first transverse (1T) mode of the combustion chamber at the same frequency leads to combustion instability.

喷口啸叫最近被确定为液体火箭发动机高频燃烧不稳定的一个原因。对德国航空航天中心（DLR）开发的被称为 BKD 的实验性推力室进行的一系列研究，在确定这一现象方面发挥了重要作用。BKD 遇到了由 LOX 喷射器自激引起的喷射器驱动的热声不稳定性。LOX 喷射器中的节流孔通过啸叫在自激中起着至关重要的作用。在这项工作中，对 BKD 节流孔的阻抗进行了表征，目的是找出其啸叫范围。在表征过程中，采用了 Lacombe 等人[1]提出的基于非稳态雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯方程求解的 CFD 方法。我们在文献报道的弱耦合和强耦合条件下对孔口进行了表征。计算的孔口阻抗范围为 4 kHz 至 15 kHz，涵盖了 LOX 喷射器特征模式的整个潜在耦合范围。阻抗结果表明，孔口特性遵循 "中等 "孔口的啸叫行为。在 St=0.89 - 1.2 的斯特劳哈尔数范围内，弱工作条件和强工作条件下的阻抗均为负值。当绘制与频率的关系图时，强耦合条件下的电阻接近于 LOX 喷射器的第二纵向（2L）模式，这表明喷射器通过孔口啸叫受到直接激励。燃烧室的 2L 模式和第一横向 (1T) 模式在同一频率共存会导致燃烧不稳定。

{"title":"Whistling potential of throttling orifices and its connection to liquid rocket combustion instability","authors":"Muthaiah M, Suraj Saini, Varunkumar S","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Orifice whistling is recently established as a cause of high frequency combustion instability in liquid rocket engines. The series of studies on the experimental thrust chamber, known as BKD, developed at the German Aerospace Center (DLR), were instrumental in identifying this phenomenon. BKD encountered an injector-driven thermo-acoustic instability caused by the self-excitation of the LOX injector. The throttle orifice in the LOX injector plays a vital role in the self-excitation through whistling. In this work, the impedance of the BKD throttling orifice is characterized with the motive to find its whistling range. The CFD approach based on solving the unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations proposed by Lacombe et al. <span><span>[1]</span></span> is used for this characterization. We characterize the orifice at the weak and the strong coupling conditions reported in the literature. The orifice impedance is calculated in the range of 4 kHz to 15 kHz, covering the entire potential coupling range of LOX injector eigen modes. The impedance results show that the orifice character follows the whistling behavior of the “medium” orifices. The resistance turns negative in the Strouhal number range of <span><math><mi>S</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.89</mn></math></span> - 1.2 for both the weak and strong operating conditions. When plotted against the frequency, the resistance at the strong coupling condition occurs close to the second longitudinal (2L) mode of the LOX injector, suggesting direct excitation of the injector through the orifice whistling. The coexistence of the 2L mode and the first transverse (1T) mode of the combustion chamber at the same frequency leads to combustion instability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 110361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Matched wavelets for musical signal processing using evolutionary algorithms 利用进化算法对音乐信号进行匹配小波处理

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110385

K.R. Chithra , Athira Remesh , M.S. Sinith

The non-stationary nature of musical signals presents challenges for conventional signal analysis methods. Wavelet transforms offer a powerful tool for capturing both temporal and frequency information simultaneously. This study introduces a novel approach to enhance wavelet analysis in music processing by utilizing matched wavelets optimized through evolutionary algorithms, specifically tailored for musical signals within the context of Indian Classical Music (ICM). Various evolutionary algorithms including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Differential Evolution (DE) were investigated. The proposed method optimizes wavelet parameters to match the characteristics of a given signal resulting in a customized CWT filter bank. The scalogram accurately highlights the fundamental frequency and its harmonic components. The efficacy of this approach is validated through comparisons with established techniques such as Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and S-Transform. The designed wavelets achieve a high correlation coefficient in signal reconstruction, outperforming standard continuous wavelets. The customized wavelets not only facilitate the detailed analysis of signal components but also ensure robust signal reconstruction. The use of matched wavelets in feature extraction has shown promising results in tasks such as swara recognition and instrument identification in monophonic music.

音乐信号的非稳态特性给传统的信号分析方法带来了挑战。小波变换为同时捕捉时间和频率信息提供了强有力的工具。本研究介绍了一种在音乐处理中增强小波分析的新方法，即利用通过进化算法优化的匹配小波，专门针对印度古典音乐（ICM）背景下的音乐信号。研究了各种进化算法，包括粒子群优化算法（PSO）、遗传算法（GA）和差分进化算法（DE）。所提出的方法优化了小波参数，使其与给定信号的特征相匹配，从而形成定制的 CWT 滤波器组。小波滤波器能准确地突出基频及其谐波成分。通过与短时傅里叶变换（STFT）和 S 变换等成熟技术的比较，验证了这种方法的有效性。设计的小波在信号重建中实现了高相关系数，优于标准连续小波。定制的小波不仅便于对信号成分进行详细分析，还能确保信号重建的稳健性。在特征提取中使用匹配小波已在单声道音乐中的swara识别和乐器识别等任务中显示出良好的效果。

{"title":"Matched wavelets for musical signal processing using evolutionary algorithms","authors":"K.R. Chithra , Athira Remesh , M.S. Sinith","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The non-stationary nature of musical signals presents challenges for conventional signal analysis methods. Wavelet transforms offer a powerful tool for capturing both temporal and frequency information simultaneously. This study introduces a novel approach to enhance wavelet analysis in music processing by utilizing matched wavelets optimized through evolutionary algorithms, specifically tailored for musical signals within the context of Indian Classical Music (ICM). Various evolutionary algorithms including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Differential Evolution (DE) were investigated. The proposed method optimizes wavelet parameters to match the characteristics of a given signal resulting in a customized CWT filter bank. The scalogram accurately highlights the fundamental frequency and its harmonic components. The efficacy of this approach is validated through comparisons with established techniques such as Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and S-Transform. The designed wavelets achieve a high correlation coefficient in signal reconstruction, outperforming standard continuous wavelets. The customized wavelets not only facilitate the detailed analysis of signal components but also ensure robust signal reconstruction. The use of matched wavelets in feature extraction has shown promising results in tasks such as swara recognition and instrument identification in monophonic music.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 110385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subjective evaluation of loudness of noise containing a low-frequency tonal component 对含有低频音调成分的噪音响度的主观评价

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110380

Miki Yonemura , Shinichi Sakamoto

Recently in Japan, noise from wind turbines and domestic heat sources have caused an increase in noise annoyance due to their low-frequency tonal components. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of tonal components on the loudness of environmental noise. An auditory test was conducted to evaluate the loudness of the tonal noise using an adjustment method. The stimuli were composed of a broadband noise and a low-frequency tonal component. For the tonal noises, a pure tone was added to the noise. The frequency of the tone was either 40, 50, 100, or 200 Hz. The tonal audibility was either 0, 5, or 15 dB. Loudness was evaluated using the A-weighted sound pressure level (L_A) and the loudness levels according to the Zwicker loudness model and the Moore and Glasberg loudness model. The results show that the increase in loudness depends on the spectrum of the background noise and tonal frequency. When tone was added to low-frequency dominant noise, the L_A may not fit the psychological loudness of the stimuli used in our experiment.

最近，在日本，风力涡轮机和家用热源的噪声因其低频音调成分而导致噪声烦恼增加。本研究旨在调查音调成分对环境噪声响度的影响。我们采用调整法进行了听觉测试，以评估音调噪声的响度。刺激物由宽带噪声和低频音调成分组成。对于音调噪声，噪声中加入了一个纯音。音调的频率为 40、50、100 或 200 赫兹。音调可听度为 0、5 或 15 分贝。响度使用 A 计权声压级（LA）进行评估，并根据 Zwicker 响度模型和 Moore 与 Glasberg 响度模型评估响度级别。结果表明，响度的增加取决于背景噪声的频谱和音调频率。当在低频主要噪声中加入音调时，LA 可能与我们实验中使用的刺激物的心理响度不符。

引用次数: 0

Noise generation and contribution of a single-gap bridge expansion joint: An experimental and numerical study 单间隙桥梁伸缩缝的噪声产生和贡献：实验和数值研究

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110387

Xihao Cheng , Xiaodong Song , Guangqi Li

Noise generated from bridge expansion joints during vehicle passing has caused localized environmental problems around the world. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the vibration and noise radiation from the single-gap expansion joint induced by passing vehicles. First, a vibration and noise field test was performed for single-gap expansion joints in the highway ramps. Based on the tested results, two numerical models, involving a 3D tire-bridge expansion joint hybrid finite element model for the vibration analysis, as well as an acoustic boundary element model for the prediction of the noise radiation, were established and validated. The results of the numerical simulations and the field tests are well matched, which offers opportunities to predict the vibration and noise induced by vehicles passing through using the proposed methodology. Finally, the acoustic contribution and sound pressure distribution of different sound sources were discussed. The research showed that, for the single-gap expansion joint, the contribution of tire noise to the total noise level is dominant, and the contribution of structure-borne noise of the expansion joint and girder to the total noise level is insignificant. The findings emphasize the importance of tire noise and provide new ideas for noise control of single-gap expansion joints.

车辆通行时桥梁伸缩缝产生的噪声已在世界各地造成了局部环境问题。本文旨在研究车辆通过时单间隙伸缩缝产生的振动和噪声辐射。首先，对高速公路匝道中的单间隙伸缩缝进行了振动和噪声现场测试。根据测试结果，建立并验证了两个数值模型，包括用于振动分析的三维轮胎-桥梁伸缩缝混合有限元模型，以及用于噪声辐射预测的声学边界元模型。数值模拟和现场测试的结果非常吻合，这为使用所提出的方法预测车辆通过时引起的振动和噪声提供了机会。最后，还讨论了不同声源的声贡献和声压分布。研究表明，对于单间隙伸缩缝，轮胎噪声对总噪声级的贡献占主导地位，而伸缩缝和大梁的结构噪声对总噪声级的贡献微不足道。研究结果强调了轮胎噪声的重要性，并为单间隙伸缩缝的噪声控制提供了新思路。

{"title":"Noise generation and contribution of a single-gap bridge expansion joint: An experimental and numerical study","authors":"Xihao Cheng , Xiaodong Song , Guangqi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Noise generated from bridge expansion joints during vehicle passing has caused localized environmental problems around the world. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the vibration and noise radiation from the single-gap expansion joint induced by passing vehicles. First, a vibration and noise field test was performed for single-gap expansion joints in the highway ramps. Based on the tested results, two numerical models, involving a 3D tire-bridge expansion joint hybrid finite element model for the vibration analysis, as well as an acoustic boundary element model for the prediction of the noise radiation, were established and validated. The results of the numerical simulations and the field tests are well matched, which offers opportunities to predict the vibration and noise induced by vehicles passing through using the proposed methodology. Finally, the acoustic contribution and sound pressure distribution of different sound sources were discussed. The research showed that, for the single-gap expansion joint, the contribution of tire noise to the total noise level is dominant, and the contribution of structure-borne noise of the expansion joint and girder to the total noise level is insignificant. The findings emphasize the importance of tire noise and provide new ideas for noise control of single-gap expansion joints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 110387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of absorber location in a typical dwelling layout on the attenuation of low-frequency outdoor noise 典型住宅布局中吸收器位置对低频室外噪声衰减的影响

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110352

Yang Song , Jian Kang

This study investigated the influence of absorber location in a typical Chinese dwelling layout consisting of one living room and two bedrooms on outdoor noise attenuation at 100–200 Hz. In-situ measurements were performed to compare the noise attenuation of the absorbers installed in different rooms, boundaries, and near-far positions towards the sound source (except for the floor). The results show that for a room with an absorber, absorption evenly distributed in the living room has considerable noise reduction for other connected rooms, but the least for itself (5 dB). With unevenly distributed absorption, the primarily attenuated position is situated in the living room or bedroom farthest from the source. For the absorbent boundary, the room whose noise reduction was most affected by the absorbent boundary (by 4 dB) remained the same as the orientation to the source changed. For the near, middle, and far absorbent positions, the middle placement in the living room tended to provide the greatest noise reduction for the entire layout (6 dB) and each room. Designing choices for a strategic absorber arrangement for precise and efficient low-frequency noise attenuation in layouts are provided.

本研究调查了由一个客厅和两个卧室组成的典型中国住宅布局中吸声体位置对 100-200 Hz 的室外噪声衰减的影响。通过现场测量，比较了安装在不同房间、边界和声源近远位置（地板除外）的吸声器的噪声衰减情况。结果表明，对于装有吸收器的房间，均匀分布在起居室的吸收器对其他相连房间的噪声有相当大的减弱作用，但对自身的减弱作用最小（5 dB）。如果吸收器分布不均，则主要衰减位置位于离声源最远的起居室或卧室。就吸声边界而言，受吸声边界影响最大（4 分贝）的房间，其噪声衰减量与声源方位的变化保持不变。就近、中、远三个吸声位置而言，位于起居室中间的位置往往能为整个布局和每个房间提供最大的降噪效果（6 分贝）。这为在布局中精确、有效地降低低频噪音提供了战略性吸音器布置的设计选择。

{"title":"Influence of absorber location in a typical dwelling layout on the attenuation of low-frequency outdoor noise","authors":"Yang Song , Jian Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the influence of absorber location in a typical Chinese dwelling layout consisting of one living room and two bedrooms on outdoor noise attenuation at 100–200 Hz. In-situ measurements were performed to compare the noise attenuation of the absorbers installed in different rooms, boundaries, and near-far positions towards the sound source (except for the floor). The results show that for a room with an absorber, absorption evenly distributed in the living room has considerable noise reduction for other connected rooms, but the least for itself (5 dB). With unevenly distributed absorption, the primarily attenuated position is situated in the living room or bedroom farthest from the source. For the absorbent boundary, the room whose noise reduction was most affected by the absorbent boundary (by 4 dB) remained the same as the orientation to the source changed. For the near, middle, and far absorbent positions, the middle placement in the living room tended to provide the greatest noise reduction for the entire layout (6 dB) and each room. Designing choices for a strategic absorber arrangement for precise and efficient low-frequency noise attenuation in layouts are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 110352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An error separation module with variable momentum algorithm for narrowband active noise control 采用可变动量算法的误差分离模块，用于窄带主动噪声控制

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110366

Jian Liu , Suyang Liu , Minhang Li

Narrowband active noise control (NANC) is effective for stationary low-frequency noise but struggles with non-stationary noise from rotating or reciprocating machinery whose speed changes cause frequency and amplitude variations. This leads to inaccuracies in the reference frequency estimation and reduced NANC performance. This paper introduces an error separation module (ESM) that integrates autoregressive (AR) models with a variable momentum least mean square (VMLMS) algorithm. This combination effectively separates and suppresses the NANC system residual error across frequencies, enhancing the system's ability to track frequencies accurately in non-stationary conditions. The proposed solution has been validated through extensive simulations and real noise reduction experiments, showing improved noise reduction performance, faster convergence, and a decrease in steady-state mean squared error (MSE).

窄带有源噪声控制（NANC）对静态低频噪声很有效，但对来自旋转或往复机械的非静态噪声却很棘手，因为这些机械的速度变化会导致频率和振幅变化。这会导致参考频率估计不准确，降低 NANC 性能。本文介绍了一种误差分离模块（ESM），它将自回归（AR）模型与可变动量最小均方差（VMLMS）算法相结合。这种组合有效地分离和抑制了 NANC 系统的跨频率残余误差，增强了系统在非稳态条件下精确跟踪频率的能力。通过大量的模拟和实际降噪实验验证了所提出的解决方案，结果表明降噪性能得到改善，收敛速度更快，稳态均方误差（MSE）也有所下降。

引用次数: 0

Ambisonics neural speech extraction with directional feature and rotary steering 利用方向特征和旋转转向进行环境声神经语音提取

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110384

Shiqi Wang , Hongbing Qiu , Xiyu Song , Mei Wang , Fangzhi Yao

In scenes with noise and overlapping speakers, directionally extracting audio tracks corresponding to individual speakers is crucial for immersive and interactive spatial audio systems. Although neural networks have been successful in this task, existing steering approaches for adjusting the direction of neural speech extraction mainly target spatial audio directly collected by microphone arrays, while directional speech extraction with Ambisonics spatial audio is less well studied. Therefore, to encode the target directional information as input for the neural network, this paper proposes two Ambisonics directional features based on the spatial feature difference and beamforming principle: the relative harmonic difference and the directional signal enhancement ratio. Using the special property of Ambisonics' rotation transform, a rotary steering pre-processing is also proposed to align the target speaker's direction with a fixed reference by inversely rotating the sound field, thereby simplifying multi-directional extraction to fixed-directional extraction. Finally, we integrate these proposed approaches with the existing temporal-spectral-spatial filtering neural networks to establish a generalized framework for steerable speech extraction and conduct experiments on a simulated Ambisonics dataset containing multiple speakers and noise sources. The experiments show that the proposed approaches outperform existing conditional steering and can be applied to various existing neural network architectures.

在有噪音和扬声器重叠的场景中，定向提取与单个扬声器相对应的音轨对于身临其境的交互式空间音频系统至关重要。虽然神经网络在这项任务中取得了成功，但现有的调整神经语音提取方向的转向方法主要针对麦克风阵列直接采集的空间音频，而对 Ambisonics 空间音频的定向语音提取研究较少。因此，为了编码目标方向信息作为神经网络的输入，本文基于空间特征差和波束成形原理，提出了两个 Ambisonics 方向特征：相对谐波差和方向信号增强比。利用 Ambisonics 旋转变换的特殊性质，本文还提出了一种旋转转向预处理方法，通过声场的反向旋转将目标扬声器的方向与固定参考对齐，从而将多方向提取简化为固定方向提取。最后，我们将这些建议的方法与现有的时间-光谱-空间滤波神经网络相结合，建立了一个可转向语音提取的通用框架，并在包含多个扬声器和噪声源的模拟 Ambisonics 数据集上进行了实验。实验表明，所提出的方法优于现有的条件转向方法，并可应用于现有的各种神经网络架构。

{"title":"Ambisonics neural speech extraction with directional feature and rotary steering","authors":"Shiqi Wang , Hongbing Qiu , Xiyu Song , Mei Wang , Fangzhi Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In scenes with noise and overlapping speakers, directionally extracting audio tracks corresponding to individual speakers is crucial for immersive and interactive spatial audio systems. Although neural networks have been successful in this task, existing steering approaches for adjusting the direction of neural speech extraction mainly target spatial audio directly collected by microphone arrays, while directional speech extraction with Ambisonics spatial audio is less well studied. Therefore, to encode the target directional information as input for the neural network, this paper proposes two Ambisonics directional features based on the spatial feature difference and beamforming principle: the relative harmonic difference and the directional signal enhancement ratio. Using the special property of Ambisonics' rotation transform, a rotary steering pre-processing is also proposed to align the target speaker's direction with a fixed reference by inversely rotating the sound field, thereby simplifying multi-directional extraction to fixed-directional extraction. Finally, we integrate these proposed approaches with the existing temporal-spectral-spatial filtering neural networks to establish a generalized framework for steerable speech extraction and conduct experiments on a simulated Ambisonics dataset containing multiple speakers and noise sources. The experiments show that the proposed approaches outperform existing conditional steering and can be applied to various existing neural network architectures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 110384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0