Applied Acoustics最新文献_第5页

Sound absorption of foam-formed softwood fibers: Characterization, modeling, prediction 泡沫成型软木纤维的吸声特性：表征、建模和预测

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111200

Janis Heldmann , Jose Cucharero , Tapio Lokki

In contemporary society, the urgent need to transition to building materials with low or negative carbon dioxide footprints is driven by increasing environmental concerns. Therefore, bio-based materials draw increasing attention in research literature, especially when utilized as thermal and acoustic insulation. Traditional materials predominantly used as acoustic materials, such as mineral wools, incur substantial energy consumption during production, primarily through the melting of sand. In contrast, bio-based materials offer promising alternatives to current market leaders potentially achieving negative carbon footprints due to their low embodied energy and high carbon content. When sourced from industrial by-products, these materials have the ability to store carbon in buildings for decades. It is crucial to investigate the porous structures of these bio-fibrous materials to unlock their full potential. Therefore, this study focuses on the prediction and characterization of foam-formed softwood-based fibers and their acoustic properties. By evaluating analytical models, semi-phenomenological models, and experimental measurements, the prediction of sound absorption based on fiber diameter and density is assessed. Moreover, the material synthesis process and characterization are adapted to achieve a wider range of densities while taking elastic properties into account. The findings reveal that refining a recent analytical model for natural fibers through parameter fitting to non-acoustic parameters yields improved accuracy in predicting sound absorption curves. This work lays the groundwork to create environmentally sustainable sound absorbers with carefully tailored sound absorption properties.

在当代社会，迫切需要过渡到低或负二氧化碳足迹的建筑材料是由日益增长的环境问题驱动的。因此，生物基材料越来越受到研究文献的关注，特别是在隔热和隔音方面的应用。主要用作声学材料的传统材料，如矿棉，在生产过程中会产生大量的能源消耗，主要是由于沙子的融化。相比之下，生物基材料由于其低隐含能量和高碳含量，为目前的市场领导者提供了有希望的替代品，有可能实现负碳足迹。当这些材料来源于工业副产品时，它们有能力将碳储存在建筑物中数十年。研究这些生物纤维材料的多孔结构以释放其全部潜力是至关重要的。因此，本研究的重点是泡沫形成的软木基纤维及其声学性能的预测和表征。通过分析模型、半现象学模型和实验测量，评估了基于纤维直径和密度的吸声预测。此外，材料的合成工艺和表征适应于在考虑弹性性能的同时实现更广泛的密度范围。研究结果表明，通过参数拟合非声学参数来改进天然纤维的最新分析模型，可以提高预测吸声曲线的准确性。这项工作为创造具有精心定制的吸声性能的环境可持续吸声器奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental assessment of marine propeller noise under ventilation conditions in a towing tank 拖曳舱通风条件下船舶螺旋桨噪声的实验评定

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111208

Adrian Portillo-Juan , Laura Botero-Bolívar , Leo Miguel González-Gutierrez , Simone Saettone , Esteban Ferrer

Shipping has greatly increased underwater radiated noise in recent decades, impacting marine species reliant on sound. The International Maritime Organization issued guidelines in 2014, recently revised, to reduce shipping noise, emphasizing propellers as key contributors. Therefore, testing and predicting noise generated by propellers is paramount. This study acoustically characterizes the atmospheric towing tank of the Technical University of Madrid, assessing noise propagation and background sources. Results indicate that despite reverberation, reliable measurements are possible. Furthermore, noise measurements of a five-blade propeller were conducted. While design rotation rates yield weak signals, conditions like zero thrust or ventilation allow accurate acoustic assessments, suggesting towing tanks can be effective for certain operational scenarios.

近几十年来，航运极大地增加了水下辐射噪声，影响了依赖声音的海洋物种。国际海事组织（International Maritime Organization）于2014年发布了指导方针，最近进行了修订，以减少船舶噪音，强调螺旋桨是主要贡献者。因此，测试和预测螺旋桨产生的噪声是至关重要的。本研究对马德里技术大学的大气拖曳箱进行了声学表征，评估了噪声传播和背景源。结果表明，尽管有混响，可靠的测量是可能的。此外，还对一种五叶螺旋桨进行了噪声测量。虽然设计转速会产生微弱的信号，但在零推力或通风等条件下，可以进行准确的声学评估，这表明拖曳罐在某些操作场景下是有效的。

引用次数: 0

Mask-based automatic weak target tracking for passive underwater acoustics detection 基于掩模的被动水声探测弱目标自动跟踪

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111201

Hao Yin , Chao Li , Jun Wang , Haibin Wang , Fan Yin , Zili Qin , Chuxian Wang

This study proposes a novel approach for tracking low-intensity targets in complex multi-target underwater acoustic environments. The algorithm innovatively applies binary mask techniques from the speech separation domain to underwater acoustic signal processing, implementing a dynamic adaptive masking mechanism to achieve effective extraction and enhancement of low-intensity target features. Experimental validation was conducted in the South China Sea using a 256-element uniform linear array, with the experimental dataset comprising 950 temporal snapshots within a frequency range of 50–500 Hz. Through frequency-domain feature separation and real-time mask updates, the algorithm successfully resolves tracking failure issues in target crossing scenarios, achieving stable tracking of low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) targets. Experimental results demonstrate the method’s robust performance under strong interference conditions, showing particular advantages in handling complex scenarios such as target crossings.

该研究为复杂多目标水声环境下的低强度目标跟踪提供了一种新方法。该算法创新性地将语音分离领域的二值掩码技术应用到水声信号处理中，实现动态自适应掩码机制，实现对低强度目标特征的有效提取和增强。利用256元均匀线性阵列在南海进行了实验验证，实验数据集包括950个时间快照，频率范围为50-500 Hz。该算法通过频域特征分离和实时掩码更新，成功解决了目标交叉场景下的跟踪失败问题，实现了对低信噪比目标的稳定跟踪。实验结果表明，该方法在强干扰条件下具有良好的鲁棒性，在处理目标交叉等复杂情况时表现出独特的优势。

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Acoustic characteristics and objective evaluation of acoustic quality in historical Italian theaters” [Appl. Acoust. 233 (2025) 110483] “意大利历史剧院的声学特性和声学质量客观评价”的勘误表[苹果]。声学233 (2025)110483]

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111207

Ruoran Yan, Lamberto Tronchin

引用次数: 0

Topic modeling of inter-floor noise complaints in apartment buildings: Behavioural and contextual analysis 公寓楼楼层间噪音投诉的主题建模：行为和语境分析

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111204

Geon-Hee Kim , Sungchan Lee , Sang Hee Park , Joo-Young Hong

Inter-floor noise is a main source of stress and conflict in apartment buildings, yet little is known about how complaints vary according to behavioural patterns, time of day, and social context. This study analyzed 119 real-world inter-floor noise complaints using a combination of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling and Poisson regression. The objective was to examine the primary themes of complaints, how they evolve over time, and how social context influences the frequency of complaints. Through topic modeling, nine distinct complaint topics were identified. Common noise sources included footsteps, furniture movement, and children’s activities. As inter-floor noise exposure persisted, complaints shifted from general noise concerns to expressions of psychological distress and reports of direct confrontation, suggesting inter-floor noise functions as an environmental stressor with social and mental health implications. Poisson regression analysis revealed that households with children in affected units were less likely to file complaints, suggesting a greater tolerance. In contrast, the presence of children in noise-generating households did not affect the likelihood of receiving complaints. Additionally, complaints were more frequent at nighttime compared to during the daytime. These findings underscore the need for time-sensitive regulations, early-stage mediation, and socially informed noise management strategies.

在公寓楼里，楼层间的噪音是压力和冲突的主要来源，然而，人们对行为模式、一天中的时间和社会背景如何改变投诉知之甚少。本研究结合潜在狄利克雷分配（Latent Dirichlet Allocation， LDA）主题建模和泊松回归分析了119个真实世界的地板间噪音投诉。目的是研究投诉的主要主题，它们如何随时间演变，以及社会背景如何影响投诉的频率。通过主题建模，确定了9个不同的投诉主题。常见的噪声源包括脚步声、家具移动和儿童活动。随着楼层间噪音的持续存在，投诉从一般的噪音问题转变为心理困扰的表达和直接对抗的报告，这表明楼层间噪音是一种环境压力源，对社会和心理健康都有影响。泊松回归分析显示，在受影响的单位有孩子的家庭不太可能提出投诉，这表明更大的容忍度。相比之下，在产生噪音的家庭中有孩子并不影响收到投诉的可能性。此外，投诉在夜间比在白天更频繁。这些发现强调了对时间敏感的法规、早期调解和社会知情的噪音管理策略的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of ventilation-related sound stimuli on 11–14 years students’ cognition and soundscape assessments 通风相关声刺激对11-14岁学生认知及声景评价的影响

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111206

Matteo Pellegatti , Chiara Visentin , Simone Torresin , Francesco Babich , Nicola Prodi

In previous research, ventilation-related sounds have mostly been regarded as undesirable and unwelcome noise within the school environment. Conversely, in this study, a soundscape-inspired approach was adopted, where sounds were treated as potential assets to exploit rather than mere disturbances. To test this hypothesis, this research explored the effects of various sonic environments in ventilated classrooms while students were engaged in school tasks. Five sound conditions were compared, namely, quiet, three natural ventilation sounds coming from playground, birdsongs, and traffic respectively, and finally mechanical ventilation sound. Their effects on cognitive performance in calculation and reading comprehension, as well as on participants’ soundscape evaluations were assessed. A total of 229 students aged 11–14 years were tested in their own classrooms. The results (n of participants = 158) indicated that none of the sound conditions exerted a significant effect on reading comprehension, nor did they influence calculation accuracy. However, response times in calculation tasks improved in the presence of playground noise and deteriorate under mechanical ventilation noise. In terms of soundscape assessments, playground was rated as chaotic, mechanical ventilation as monotonous, whereas birdsongs is generally perceived as pleasant. The effects observed on cognitive performance were interpreted by resorting to arousal theory. In particular higher eventfulness seems to improve performance on the selected tasks. Although further research is needed to identify the most advantageous auditory stimuli, those associated with natural ventilation appear to be the most promising.

在之前的研究中，与通风有关的声音大多被认为是学校环境中不受欢迎的噪音。相反，在这项研究中，采用了一种声景启发的方法，将声音视为可开发的潜在资产，而不仅仅是干扰。为了验证这一假设，本研究探讨了在通风的教室中，当学生从事学校任务时，各种声音环境的影响。比较了5种声音条件，分别是安静、操场自然通风声、鸟鸣声和交通声，最后是机械通风声。他们对计算和阅读理解的认知表现以及参与者的声景评价的影响进行了评估。共有229名11-14岁的学生在他们自己的教室里接受了测试。结果（n = 158）表明，没有一个声音条件对阅读理解产生显著影响，也没有影响计算精度。然而，在操场噪声存在时，计算任务的响应时间有所提高，而在机械通风噪声存在时，计算任务的响应时间则有所下降。在声景评估方面，操场被评为混乱，机械通风被评为单调，而鸟鸣通常被认为是愉快的。观察到的对认知表现的影响可以通过唤醒理论来解释。特别是高事件性似乎可以提高所选任务的表现。虽然需要进一步的研究来确定最有利的听觉刺激，但与自然通风相关的听觉刺激似乎是最有希望的。

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引用次数: 0

Prediction of acoustic transmission characteristics of underwater fiber reinforced polymer using an enhanced stiffness matrix method 用增强刚度矩阵法预测水下纤维增强聚合物的声传输特性

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111202

Ling Yan , Shuran Li , Qing Wang , Mengze Li , Yihan Fu , Jing Xiao , Xiyuan Li , Yinglin Ke

Accurately predicting the underwater acoustic transmission characteristics of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates is essential for optimizing composite structures in sonar and marine applications. However, traditional prediction models often neglect the influence of hydrostatic pressure on wave propagation and energy dissipation, leading to limited accuracy. This study proposes an enhanced stiffness matrix method (E-SMM) that incorporates pre-stress effects into guided wave analysis to address this limitation. The approach first employs nonlinear static analysis to evaluate the initial stress-induced geometric stiffness under various hydrostatic pressures. This updated stiffness is then integrated into the stable stiffness matrix method (SMM) to derive pressure-dependent dispersion curves and wave attenuation coefficients. Using these coefficients, a modified transmission loss model is developed to quantify acoustic transmission across different laminate thicknesses, pressures, and frequencies. The model is validated against experimental data obtained from traveling wave tube measurements. The experimental results show that E-SMM captures key acoustic-structure interaction mechanisms—particularly pressure-dependent guided wave behaviour-leading to improved numerical stability and predictive accuracy. This makes it a valuable tool for designing high-performance underwater acoustic composite structures.

准确预测纤维增强聚合物（FRP）层合板的水声传输特性对于优化声纳和海洋应用中的复合材料结构至关重要。然而，传统的预测模型往往忽略了静水压力对波浪传播和能量耗散的影响，导致预测精度有限。本研究提出了一种增强刚度矩阵方法（E-SMM），该方法将预应力效应纳入导波分析以解决这一限制。首先采用非线性静态分析的方法来评估初始几何刚度在各种应激静水压力。然后将更新后的刚度集成到稳定刚度矩阵法（SMM）中，以导出与压力相关的色散曲线和波衰减系数。利用这些系数，开发了一个改进的传输损耗模型，以量化不同层压板厚度、压力和频率下的声传输。通过行波管测量得到的实验数据对模型进行了验证。实验结果表明，E-SMM捕获了关键的声-结构相互作用机制，特别是与压力相关的导波行为，从而提高了数值稳定性和预测精度。这使其成为设计高性能水声复合材料结构的重要工具。

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引用次数: 0

Aircraft noise propagation under realistic atmospheric conditions: Comparison of a ray-tracing model with in-situ measurements 真实大气条件下飞机噪声的传播：射线追踪模型与现场测量的比较

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111187

Bill Kayser , Didier Dragna

A ray-based numerical model for aircraft noise propagation that accounts for source motion, ground effects, and atmospheric effects as recently proposed (Kayser et al., 2024, Acta Acustica, 8, 62) is evaluated against measurements. Prior to this comparison, an extension of the model is introduced to incorporate coherence loss due to atmospheric turbulence scattering. To capture realistic conditions, noise of aircraft flyovers was recorded on-site, along with aircraft trajectory and meteorological data, including wind and temperature profiles. The spectrograms at 1.2 m above the ground are extrapolated from the measured spectrograms at the ground level using a transfer function computed from both the proposed ray-tracing model and an existing heuristic model from the literature, which neglects refraction. Comparison with the spectrograms measured at 1.2 m shows that both models are capable of reproducing the spectrograms with good accuracy. However, the ray-based model demonstrates greater precision in capturing interference patterns, particularly when the aircraft is not directly overhead relative to the receiver (i.e., for slant propagation), where refraction plays a more significant role.

最近提出了一种基于射线的飞机噪声传播数值模型（Kayser et al., 2024, Acta Acustica, 8,62），该模型考虑了声源运动、地面效应和大气效应。在此比较之前，引入了模型的扩展，以考虑大气湍流散射造成的相干损失。为了捕捉真实情况，现场记录了飞机立交桥的噪音，以及飞机轨迹和气象数据，包括风和温度剖面图。利用本文提出的射线追踪模型和文献中已有的启发式模型计算的传递函数，在忽略折射的情况下，从地面测量的光谱图中推断出距离地面1.2 m处的光谱图。与1.2 m处实测谱图的比较表明，两种模型都能较好地再现谱图。然而，基于射线的模型在捕获干扰模式方面显示出更高的精度，特别是当飞机相对于接收器不是直接在头顶时（即，对于倾斜传播），其中折射起着更重要的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Physical effects of driving an acoustic synthetic jet actuator with a low-cost audio amplifier: A vibration study 用低成本音频放大器驱动声学合成射流驱动器的物理效应：振动研究

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111203

G. Rodríguez-Rojas, S. Sánchez, J.F. Hernández-Sánchez

Synthetic Jet Actuators (SJAs) employ a Helmholtz resonator coupled to a driver, causing rapid periodic volume changes within the cavity. In typical acoustic SJAs, a speaker controlled via a function generator and audio amplifier (AA) drives these changes. While commercial AAs balance cost, linearity, and efficiency, their frequency-response characteristics vary significantly, which may degrade SJA’s performance. This work demonstrates that a low-cost AA introduces an unintended, variable-amplitude harmonic oscillator that acts as a band-suppression filter near 90 Hz, coinciding with the cavity resonance. This filter inhibits cavity resonance, creating competing dynamics that shape the SJA behavior. Frequency and vibration analysis revealed that replacing the low-cost AA with a higher-quality amplifier eliminates this coupling, confirming the oscillator is rooted in the AA. Further investigation shows that the band-suppression oscillator only interacts with the Helmholtz resonance when the cavity is open to the environment. At higher frequencies, the AA-driven oscillation amplitude surpasses the amplitude of the Helmholtz resonance by up to a factor of 13. These results highlight the critical role of amplifier selection, design, and implementation in acoustic SJA performance, with direct implications for actuator design in applications that require precise control.

合成射流致动器（sja）采用一个耦合到驱动器的亥姆霍兹谐振器，在腔内引起快速的周期性体积变化。在典型的声学sja中，通过函数发生器和音频放大器（AA）控制的扬声器驱动这些变化。虽然商用AAs平衡了成本、线性度和效率，但它们的频率响应特性差异很大，这可能会降低SJA的性能。这项工作表明，低成本的AA引入了一个意想不到的、可变振幅的谐波振荡器，作为90 Hz附近的带抑制滤波器，与腔谐振相一致。该滤波器抑制腔共振，形成形成SJA行为的竞争动态。频率和振动分析表明，用更高质量的放大器取代低成本的AA消除了这种耦合，确认振荡器植根于AA。进一步的研究表明，只有当腔体对环境开放时，带抑制振荡器才与亥姆霍兹共振相互作用。在更高的频率下，aa驱动的振荡幅度超过亥姆霍兹共振的幅度高达13倍。这些结果突出了放大器选择、设计和实现在声学SJA性能中的关键作用，对需要精确控制的应用中的致动器设计具有直接意义。

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引用次数: 0

Proposed Welsh translations for soundscape attributes 建议对音景属性进行威尔士语翻译

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.111199

Llewelyn Hopwood , Guto Dafydd , Jenna Turnbull , Andrew Mitchell , Tin Oberman , Jian Kang , Francesco Aletta

ISO/TS 12913-2:2018 (Method A) proposes a standardized method for collecting data on soundscape perception via questionnaires that use eight perceptual attributes: Pleasant, Calm, Uneventful, Monotonous, Annoying, Chaotic, Eventful, Vibrant. The Soundscape Attributes Translation Project (SATP) seeks to provide translations for these attributes to facilitate data collection in places where English is not the primary or only language. This includes Wales, which has two official languages: English and Welsh. Furthermore, soundscapes is a recently legislated area of Welsh Government environmental policy, and so data collection is due to increase in Wales, including via ISO/TS 12913-2:2018 (Method A), as recommended by the Government. Therefore, Welsh Language translations of the eight attributes are needed. This article proposes said translations, developed through four phases of research: linguistic research by the Welsh Government’s Translation Service; a workshop attended by non-specialist Welsh-speaking civil servants; a review stage that included bibliographic research; and a second, informal, consultation with Government translators. Results detail the issues of comprehensibility and semantic suitability that arose when discussing translations, including discussions of English loanwords, cf. ‘Chaotic’, and the unfamiliarity of ‘eventfulness’ as a concept. Single word translations are suggested for four of the terms in the final proposed set, which consists of: Dymunol/Pleserus, Llonydd, Digynnwrf/Diddigwydd, Undonog, Niwsans/Amhleserus, Cynhyrfus/Llawn digwydd, Caotig, Bywiog. The article closes with suggestions for how the provisional translations ought to be tested and validated at a future date and highlights how the data generated may be useful when involving other Celtic languages in the SATP as well as the unique opportunity that Welsh offers in that all its speakers are naturally bilingual in Welsh and English, thereby allowing for comparison between the two languages without having to compare different sets of contributors.

ISO/TS 12913-2:2018（方法A）提出了一种标准化的方法，通过使用八个感知属性的问卷来收集声景感知数据：愉快、平静、平淡、单调、恼人、混乱、多事、充满活力。音景属性翻译项目（SATP）旨在为这些属性提供翻译，以便在英语不是主要或唯一语言的地方方便数据收集。这包括威尔士，它有两种官方语言：英语和威尔士语。此外，声景是威尔士政府环境政策最近立法的一个领域，因此威尔士的数据收集将增加，包括根据政府的建议通过ISO/TS 12913-2:2018（方法a）。因此，需要用威尔士语翻译这八个属性。本文提出了上述翻译，通过四个阶段的研究：威尔士政府翻译服务的语言研究；由讲威尔士语的非专业公务员参加的讲习班；审查阶段，包括书目研究；第二次是与政府翻译进行非正式磋商。结果详细说明了在讨论翻译时出现的可理解性和语义适用性问题，包括英语外来词的讨论，如“Chaotic”，以及“eventfulness”作为一个概念的不熟悉程度。建议对最终建议集中的四个术语进行单字翻译，这些术语包括：Dymunol/Pleserus， Llonydd, Digynnwrf/Diddigwydd, Undonog, Niwsans/Amhleserus, Cynhyrfus/Llawn digwydd, Caotig, Bywiog。文章最后提出了在未来如何测试和验证临时翻译的建议，并强调了在涉及其他凯尔特语言时生成的数据如何有用，以及威尔士语提供的独特机会，因为它的所有使用者都自然地使用威尔士语和英语双语，从而允许在两种语言之间进行比较，而不必比较不同的贡献者集。

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引用次数: 0