Applied Acoustics最新文献_第5页

Interaction effect of reproducing spatialized human-induced and environmental sounds from nearby sources on the social Simon effect 重现空间化的人为声音和附近环境声音对社交西蒙效应的交互影响

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110343

Takumi Asakura

Advancements in virtual reality technology have led to a corresponding increase in demand for virtual environments with multimodal reality in terms of not only visual, but also auditory, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory stimuli. From an auditory standpoint, to reproduce a more realistic space in which audio communication with others occurs, the influence of acoustic reproduction methods on the sense of presence of another person needs to be examined. Assuming a virtual environment in which either artificial sounds generated by others or nonhuman background sounds generated in the surroundings, or both, coexist, the present study investigated the behavioral and psychological effects of the three-dimensional spatialization of human- and nonhuman-induced background sounds on users. First, human- and nonhuman-induced background sounds were reproduced in three different ways: binaural, quasi-binaural, and diotic playback. Next, experiments were conducted to evaluate the subjective impression of the sense of someone being present in the environment and to confirm the social Simon effect (SSE), which is excited by the imagined presence of others nearby. The results revealed that both the behavioral emergence of SSE and subjective impressions of the presence of others coexisting nearby are strongly influenced by the relative degree of spatialization of both human- and nonhuman-induced environmental sounds.

随着虚拟现实技术的发展，人们对具有多模态真实感的虚拟环境的需求也相应增加，不仅包括视觉刺激，还包括听觉、触觉、嗅觉和味觉刺激。从听觉的角度来看，为了再现一个与他人进行音频交流的更加逼真的空间，需要研究声音再现方法对他人存在感的影响。本研究假定在一个虚拟环境中，他人发出的人工声音或周围环境中产生的非人类背景声音或两者同时存在，研究了人类和非人类背景声音的三维空间化对用户行为和心理的影响。首先，以三种不同的方式再现了人类和非人类发出的背景声音：双耳、准双耳和二重播放。接着，实验对环境中有人存在的主观印象进行了评估，并确认了社交西蒙效应（SSE），即通过想象附近有其他人存在而激发的社交西蒙效应。实验结果表明，SSE 的行为出现和对附近有他人共存的主观印象都受到人类和非人类诱发的环境声音的相对空间化程度的强烈影响。

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引用次数: 0

Performance of a generalised algorithm for the detection of noise events from road traffic in a real urban area: A simulation study 用于检测真实城市地区道路交通噪声事件的通用算法的性能：模拟研究

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110337

Sacha Baclet , Romain Rumpler

The assessment of the exposure to road traffic noise pollution and of associated health conditions is usually based on energy-average noise levels. However, the number of noise events to which an individual is exposed has proven essential to the prediction of annoyance and sleep disturbance.

Unfortunately, no standard method has been adopted for the counting of noise events. To address this shortcoming, Brown and De Coensel designed, in 2018, a generalised algorithm for the detection of road traffic noise events. The authors evaluated the performance of this algorithm for multiple sets of input parameters, but the setup employed for this testing was simplistic.

The present study thus aims to benchmark the proposed parameter sets for the noise event detection algorithm in a controlled but realistic environment, consisting of a calibrated microscopic traffic simulation in the entire city of Tartu, Estonia, which includes interrupted traffic conditions and urban infrastructure.

The performance assessment of a parameter set is shown to be highly dependent on context, i.e., location and time of day, making definitive, universally applicable conclusions unrealistic. Rather, this study enables comprehensive insights that guide the selection of adapted parameter sets for various traffic situations, including the number of parameter sets, suitable detection thresholds, and recommended time gaps to implement.

对暴露于道路交通噪声污染和相关健康状况的评估通常基于能量平均噪声级。然而，事实证明，个人暴露于噪声事件的数量对于预测烦扰和睡眠障碍至关重要。遗憾的是，噪声事件的计数尚未采用标准方法。为解决这一缺陷，布朗和德-科恩塞尔于 2018 年设计了一种用于检测道路交通噪声事件的通用算法。因此，本研究的目的是在一个受控但现实的环境中，对噪声事件检测算法的拟议参数集进行基准测试，该环境包括爱沙尼亚塔尔图整个城市的校准微观交通模拟，其中包括中断的交通状况和城市基础设施。相反，这项研究提供了全面的见解，指导人们针对各种交通状况选择合适的参数集，包括参数集的数量、合适的检测阈值以及建议实施的时间间隔。

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引用次数: 0

Rotor noise in non-axial inflow conditions 非轴向流入条件下的转子噪声

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110345

Liam Hanson , Zilei Yi , Bin Zang , Mahdi Azarpeyvand

This paper presents an experimental study on characterising the aerodynamic and far-field acoustic performance of rotors operating in non-axial inflow conditions. The current experiments were carried out with a two-bladed rotor, operating with a tip Mach number of 0.56, approaching the practical tip Mach numbers expected of urban air mobility vehicles. Synchronous measurements of the aerodynamic force, far-field acoustics and blade phase angle were undertaken to provide insights on both the time-averaged and phase-averaged correlation between the rotor aerodynamic loading and the emitted noise. The far-field acoustic spectra are compared across a range of advance ratios (

0.01 \leq μ \leq 0.04

) and forward tilting angles (

0 ° \leq α \leq 30 °

). When the inflow velocity increases, both the tonal and broadband components increase. Moreover, higher harmonics of the blade passing frequency are observed to become more prominent at higher advance ratios. As the rotor tilts forward from edgewise flight conditions, the broadband noise component reduces significantly, with the tones at fundamental blade passing frequency and higher harmonics also reducing in magnitude, agreeing well with the steady and unsteady thrust coefficients measured. From the aerodynamic loading, acoustic spectra and the directivity results, a transition from near-edgewise to near-axial modes of operation can be discerned at a tilt angle of approximately 16°. More interestingly, the phase-averaged thrust and acoustic power results show notable variations of the blade loading and acoustic emission through one full rotor rotation. At higher advance ratios and shallow tilting angles, the phase location of peaks in the root-mean-square of the fluctuating thrust coefficient agrees very well with those from the acoustic power, suggesting a strong correlation between the flow unsteadiness and the noise at these non-axial conditions, contributing to higher overall sound pressure levels.

本文介绍了一项关于非轴向流入条件下转子气动和远场声学性能特征的实验研究。目前的实验使用的是双叶转子，其顶端马赫数为 0.56，接近城市空中交通车辆预期的实际顶端马赫数。对空气动力、远场声学和叶片相位角进行了同步测量，以深入了解转子空气动力负载与发射噪声之间的时间平均相关性和相位平均相关性。远场声学频谱在不同的推进比（0.01≤μ≤0.04）和前倾角（0°≤α≤30°）范围内进行了比较。当流入速度增加时，音调和宽带成分都会增加。此外，还观察到叶片通过频率的高次谐波在较高的推进比时变得更加突出。当转子从边缘飞行状态向前倾斜时，宽带噪声成分显著减少，叶片通过基频的音调和高次谐波的幅度也会减小，这与测量到的稳定和非稳定推力系数非常吻合。从气动载荷、声学频谱和指向性结果来看，在倾斜角约为 16° 时，可以发现工作模式从近沿向过渡到近轴向。更有趣的是，相位平均推力和声功率结果显示，叶片载荷和声发射在转子旋转一圈时有明显变化。在较高的推进比和较浅的倾角下，波动推力系数均方根峰值的相位与声功率峰值的相位非常吻合，这表明在这些非轴向条件下，流动不稳定性与噪声之间存在很强的相关性，从而导致整体声压级较高。

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引用次数: 0

Maximizing attenuation of sound waves preserving air permeability in sonic crystals via topology optimization 通过拓扑优化最大限度地减弱声波，保留声波晶体中的空气渗透性

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110348

Zhiyuan Jia , Yi Yan , Yuhao Bao , Yangjun Luo , Dazhi Wang , Xiaopeng Zhang , Zhan Kang

The evanescent waves within a bandgap can describe the sound wave attenuation degree. A topology optimization method of designing sonic crystals (SnCs) with maximum sound wave attenuation properties is presented in this paper. The optimization procedure maximized the minimum positive imaginary component of the wave vector at the designated frequency. To ensure that an SnC would maintain adequate air permeability and an acceptable air channel width even when the solid material configuration is highly complex, the virtual temperature method was used in the optimization model along with filtering and threshold projection techniques. The material-field series expansion scheme was adopted to refine the SnC configurations, and the Kriging-based optimization algorithm was utilized to solve the complex problem. Optimization results were obtained for different air channel widths and frequencies, and each optimization process culminated in the establishment of an omnidirectional bandgap of sound waves at the target frequency. For most of the optimization results, the minimum decay contours were approximately circular, which indicates that the optimized SnC structures possessed comparable spatial attenuation properties for sound waves in all directions. Finite element simulations and physical experiments validated the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method of designing air–solid SnCs that exhibit enhanced spatial decay of evanescent waves. These optimized SnCs displayed excellent sound attenuation performance, thereby demonstrating their significant potential for noise-reduction applications.

带隙内的蒸发波可以描述声波的衰减程度。本文介绍了一种拓扑优化方法，用于设计具有最大声波衰减特性的声波晶体（SnCs）。优化程序最大化了指定频率下波矢量的最小正虚分量。为了确保 SnC 即使在固体材料配置非常复杂的情况下也能保持足够的透气性和可接受的空气通道宽度，优化模型中使用了虚拟温度法以及滤波和阈值投影技术。在优化模型中采用了虚拟温度法以及滤波和阈值投影技术，并采用材料-场序列扩展方案来细化 SnC 配置，利用基于克里金的优化算法来解决复杂问题。针对不同的空气通道宽度和频率得出了优化结果，每个优化过程都最终建立了目标频率下的全向声波带隙。对于大多数优化结果，最小衰减等值线近似圆形，这表明优化后的 SnC 结构对所有方向的声波都具有相当的空间衰减特性。有限元模拟和物理实验验证了所提出的优化方法在设计能增强蒸发波空间衰减的空气固体 SnC 方面的有效性。这些经过优化的 SnC 显示出卓越的声音衰减性能，从而证明了它们在降噪应用方面的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Time-frequency analysis of speech signals using the Stockwell transform for the detection of upper respiratory tract infection 利用斯托克韦尔变换对语音信号进行时频分析以检测上呼吸道感染

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110339

Pankaj Warule , Siba Prasad Mishra , Suman Deb , Jarek Krajewski

The acoustic properties of speech demonstrate modifications in the presence of different health states. Biomedical engineering has great promise for creating non-invasive diagnostic processes that use speech as a biomarker. The use of speech indications to screen for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), such as the common cold, may have potential advantages in terms of limiting transmission. In this study, we have employed the Stockwell transform -based time-frequency (TF) analysis of speech signals for URTI detection. The Stockwell transform is applied on speech signals to derive their TF representation. Using a TF matrix, the various statistics of magnitude and phase are calculated and used as features for classifying speech of healthy speakers and speakers with URTI. The URTIC database is employed for evaluating the proposed features. The utilization of an ensemble of support vector machines (SVM) is proposed as a classification approach to address the issue of class imbalance. The results show that the proposed method produces comparable outcomes to state-of-the-art approaches. The proposed features obtain 66.53% and 64.65% UARs on the development and test partitions of the URTIC database.

在不同的健康状况下，语音的声学特性会发生变化。生物医学工程有望创造出利用语音作为生物标记的非侵入性诊断程序。利用语音指示来筛查上呼吸道感染（URTI），如普通感冒，在限制传播方面可能具有潜在的优势。在这项研究中，我们采用了基于斯托克韦尔变换的时频（TF）分析，对语音信号进行 URTI 检测。斯托克韦尔变换应用于语音信号，以得出其 TF 表示。通过 TF 矩阵，可以计算出幅度和相位的各种统计量，并将其作为特征对健康说话者和 URTI 说话者的语音进行分类。URTIC 数据库用于评估所提出的特征。建议使用支持向量机（SVM）集合作为分类方法，以解决类别不平衡的问题。结果表明，所提出的方法产生的结果与最先进的方法相当。所提出的特征在 URTIC 数据库的开发分区和测试分区上分别获得了 66.53% 和 64.65% 的 UAR。

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引用次数: 0

Vibroacoustic characterization of small woven fabrics 小型编织物的振动声学特性分析

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110350

Weihan Shen , Zenong Cai , Radoslav Darula , Frieder Lucklum

This study is aimed to analyze the vibroacoustic behaviour of woven fabrics utilized in small acoustic devices for ingress protection. We first concentrate on predicting and describing the vibration behaviour of the woven fabric structure through flip around, since lumped modelling comes first. A vibration experiment is also conducted to measure the motion of the woven fabric structure under external excitation to validate the modelling. The numerical model is then employed to simulate the vibroacoustic behaviour of the woven fabric via transmission loss calculation; the simulation is then compared with transmission loss measurement based on the four-microphone method. This research demonstrates that despite some limitations, both the numerical and lumped models show a good degree of accuracy in predicting the vibration of the woven structure; the numerical model also performs well in vibroacoustic modelling.

本研究旨在分析用于小型声学装置的编织物的振动声学特性。我们首先通过翻转来预测和描述编织物结构的振动行为，因为首先要进行的是块状建模。我们还进行了振动实验，测量编织结构在外部激励下的运动情况，以验证建模结果。然后，利用数值模型通过传输损耗计算来模拟编织物的振动声学行为，并将模拟结果与基于四麦克风方法的传输损耗测量结果进行比较。这项研究表明，尽管存在一些局限性，但数值模型和块状模型在预测编织结构的振动方面都表现出很高的准确性；数值模型在振动声学建模方面也表现出色。

引用次数: 0

Omnidirectional sound wave absorption based on the multi-oriented acoustic meta-materials 基于多取向声学元材料的全向声波吸收技术

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110344

Xiaotian Bai , Zhaoyang Xiao , Huaitao Shi , Ke Zhang , Zhong Luo , Yuhou Wu

Acoustic meta-materials have become a hot topic in rotary equipment sound absorption with advantages of small size and additional mass, but the effectiveness is significantly limited by the incident angle and the absorption performance is not good in random sound fields. This paper proposes a multi-oriented acoustic meta-material (MOAMM) that can be applied in omnidirectional sound wave absorption, which is composed of unit cells with different orientations. The single cell is designed as a double-cavity labyrinth structure, and the unit cells are distributed uniformly in a circumference to adapt to incident waves from different directions. The absorption performance is compared with the structure of same-oriented distribution, and parametric studies are carried out for the change of sound absorption performance of MOAMM. Results show that the sound absorption coefficient of MOAMM maintains over 0.8 when facing with sound waves from different direction, and the frequency range changes with the entrance width, channel width and cell size. Experimental results have verified the excellent performance of the proposed structure, which provides new approaches for effective control of sound radiation.

声学元材料具有体积小、附加质量小等优点，已成为旋转设备吸声领域的热门话题，但其效果明显受入射角度的限制，在随机声场中吸声性能不佳。本文提出了一种可应用于全向声波吸收的多取向声学元材料（MOAMM），它由不同取向的单元格组成。单细胞被设计成双腔迷宫结构，单元格在圆周上均匀分布，以适应来自不同方向的入射波。与同方向分布的结构进行了吸声性能比较，并对 MOAMM 的吸声性能变化进行了参数研究。结果表明，MOAMM 在面对来自不同方向的声波时，吸声系数保持在 0.8 以上，频率范围随入口宽度、通道宽度和单元尺寸的变化而变化。实验结果验证了所提结构的优异性能，为有效控制声辐射提供了新方法。

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引用次数: 0

Auto-encoder-based inverse characterization of Transport properties of acoustic foams 基于自动编码器的声学泡沫传输特性反向表征

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110346

Jianglong Chen , Yiqin Xu , Xiaoliang Zhao , Menghe Miao , Jiaguang Meng , Lingjie Yu , Chao Zhi

The characterization of non-acoustic parameters is critically important for understanding the acoustic property and structural design of polyurethane (PU) foams. However, inverse characterization of acoustic PU foams through experiments and simulations often results in prolonged cycles and high resource wastage. To address the above issue, an innovative approach based on the Auto-encoder (AE) was proposed in this paper. In the AE approach, the decoder module was utilized for the forward prediction part, while the encoder was used for the inverse characterization. A sample database of 96,730 data sets covering PU foams’ sound absorption coefficients at 500–6000 Hz was established to train the AE model. To verify the effectiveness of the trained model, a comparative experiment with numerical simulations was firstly conducted. The results revealed that the coefficient of determination (R²) of forward prediction module surpasses 0.99, while the prediction time is significantly rapid, averaging 0.0005 s per sample, which is 1/22,000 of numerical simulation time. Another comparative experiment was conducted between the inverse characterization results of the machine learning model and the experimental data from real samples. The results showed that the average error of the characterization parameters (non-acoustic parameters and material thickness) is about 8.70 %. In summary, this study provides an intelligent inverse characterization method for targeted sound absorption of PU foams, with potential extensions to the inverse characterization of other acoustic porous materials.

非声学参数的表征对于了解聚氨酯（PU）泡沫的声学特性和结构设计至关重要。然而，通过实验和模拟对声学聚氨酯泡沫进行反向表征往往会导致周期延长和资源浪费。为解决上述问题，本文提出了一种基于自动编码器（AE）的创新方法。在 AE 方法中，解码器模块用于正向预测部分，而编码器用于反向表征。为了训练 AE 模型，建立了一个包含 96,730 个数据集的样本数据库，这些数据集涵盖了聚氨酯泡沫在 500-6000 Hz 频率下的吸声系数。为了验证训练模型的有效性，首先进行了数值模拟对比实验。结果表明，前向预测模块的判定系数（R2）超过 0.99，预测时间明显缩短，平均每个样本 0.0005 s，是数值模拟时间的 1/22,000 s。另一项对比实验是将机器学习模型的反向表征结果与真实样本的实验数据进行对比。结果表明，表征参数（非声学参数和材料厚度）的平均误差约为 8.70%。总之，本研究为聚氨酯泡沫的定向吸声提供了一种智能反向表征方法，并有可能扩展到其他声学多孔材料的反向表征。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced motorcycle safety through the development and evaluation of auditory alert system 通过开发和评估听觉警报系统加强摩托车安全

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110328

Serkan Atamer , Robert Rosenkranz , Colin J. Ballantyne , Alina Kuttler , M. Ercan Altinsoy

Motorcyclists are often in dangerous situations in traffic. Timely warnings can be crucial in preventing accidents. Currently, warning messages are limited to dashboard displays, which may have potential inefficiencies as riders might not consistently check them, particularly in urgent situations demanding immediate response. While modern cars typically feature various auditory alert systems, such as open doors or parking sensors, the utilization of sound for such purposes in motorcycles has been rather limited. Hence, developing clear, easy-to-understand acoustic warning signals tailored for common warning scenarios becomes crucial for motorcyclist safety. This study defines the design constraints for a potential auditory alert system, considering factors like ambient noise and helmet audio system characteristics Afterwards, a set of warning tones, designed for five different directions and two different urgency cases, accommodating these limitations, was validated through psychoacoustical evaluations. All tested sounds adeptly alerted participants without causing elevated annoyance. Recognition times aligned with typical attentive driver reactions, with possible learning effects observed over repeated exposures. While a 100% correctness rate without situational context was not anticipated, directional correctness showed significant potential, emphasizing the importance of diverse design alternatives. Learning effects, particularly if widely adopted, could lead to instinctive reactions crucial in critical driving situations. At the end, the defined design space allows for the evaluation of different warning tones, promoting the exploration of optimal solutions for motorcyclist safety.

摩托车手在交通中经常处于危险境地。及时发出警告对于预防事故至关重要。目前，警告信息仅限于仪表盘显示，这可能会造成潜在的低效率，因为驾驶者可能不会经常查看这些信息，尤其是在需要立即做出反应的紧急情况下。虽然现代汽车通常具有各种声音警报系统，如车门打开或停车传感器，但在摩托车上用于此类目的的声音却相当有限。因此，针对常见的警告场景开发清晰易懂的声音警告信号对摩托车驾驶员的安全至关重要。考虑到环境噪声和头盔音频系统特性等因素，本研究确定了潜在听觉警报系统的设计限制。所有经过测试的声音都能有效地提醒参与者，而不会引起过高的厌烦情绪。识别时间与注意力集中的驾驶员的典型反应一致，反复接触可能会产生学习效应。虽然在没有情景背景的情况下，正确率不会达到 100%，但方向正确率显示出了巨大的潜力，强调了多样化设计方案的重要性。学习效应，尤其是在广泛采用的情况下，可能会导致在关键驾驶情况下产生至关重要的本能反应。最后，确定的设计空间允许对不同的警告音进行评估，从而促进对摩托车驾驶员安全最佳解决方案的探索。

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引用次数: 0

Virtual quiet zone method for sound zone reproduction in coupled rooms 用于耦合房间声区再现的虚拟静区方法

IF 3.4 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Applied Acoustics

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110341

Xiaoyi Gao , Qiaoxi Zhu , Xiangning Liao , Ming Wu , Lu Han , Jun Yang

Sound zone reproduction aims to deliver sound to target listeners in the listening zone while reducing unwanted sound for others in the quiet zone. Existing approaches primarily focus on reproducing sound zones within a single room. When employing existing methods in coupled spaces, the accurate measurement of cross-room acoustic transfer functions (ATFs) poses significant challenges. This paper proposes a virtual quiet zone method to improve sound zone performance in coupled rooms. The proposed method eliminates the need for complex cross-room ATF measurement. We use the Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer to establish an appropriate virtual quiet zone within the virtual space based on the measured sound pressures at the zones. The ATFs between the loudspeakers and the virtual quiet zone can be interpolated utilizing acoustic modeling and the measured ATFs between the loudspeakers and the listening zone. In the proposed algorithm, the optimization of sound zone reproduction in coupled rooms is transformed into the optimization of the position of the virtual quiet zone within the virtual space. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the current acoustic contrast control method and brightness control method in real-world implementations in coupled rooms.

声区再现的目的是将声音传递给聆听区的目标听众，同时减少对安静区其他人的干扰。现有的方法主要侧重于在单个房间内再现声区。在耦合空间中使用现有方法时，跨房间声学传递函数（ATF）的精确测量带来了巨大挑战。本文提出了一种虚拟静区方法，以改善耦合房间的声区性能。该方法无需进行复杂的跨房间 ATF 测量。我们使用改进的灰狼优化器，根据测量到的各区域声压，在虚拟空间内建立适当的虚拟静区。扬声器与虚拟安静区之间的 ATF 可利用声学建模和扬声器与聆听区之间的测量 ATF 进行内插。在所提出的算法中，耦合室内声区再现的优化被转化为虚拟空间内虚拟静区位置的优化。实验结果表明，在耦合房间的实际应用中，所提出的方法优于当前的声学对比度控制方法和亮度控制方法。

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引用次数: 0