Analytical and Quantitative Cytopathology and Histopathology最新文献

Objective: To evaluate the performance of a quasi-supervised statistical learning algorithm, operating on datasets having normal and neoplastic tissues, to identify larynx squamous cell carcinomas. Furthermore, cancer texture separability measures against normal tissues are to be developed and compared either for colorectal or larynx tissues.

Study design: Light microscopic digital images from histopathological sections were obtained from laryngectomy materials including squamous cell carcinoma and nonneoplastic regions. The texture features were calculated by using co-occurrence matrices and local histograms. The texture features were input to the quasi-supervised learning algorithm.

Results: Larynx regions containing squamous cell carcinomas were accurately identified, having false and true positive rates up to 21% and 87%, respectively.

Conclusion: Larynx squamous cell carcinoma versus normal tissue texture separability measures were higher than colorectal adenocarcinoma versus normal textures for the colorectal database. Furthermore, the resultant labeling performances for all larynx datasets are higher than or equal to that of colorectal datasets. The results in larynx datasets, in comparison with the former colorectal study, suggested that quasi-supervised texture classification is to be a helpful method in histopathological image classification and analysis.

Background: Blue nevus of the prostate is rare and is most commonly discovered incidentally in patients presenting with classic symptoms of prostatic hyperplasia. Only 32 cases have been reported to date in the literature. We describe the first case of multifocal blue nevus of the prostate gland.

Case: A 69-year-old man presented with obstructive urinary symptoms. The preoperative clinical and radiological fndings had shown a massive increase in the volume of the prostate. Suprapubic prostatectomy was performed with good postoperative course. The histopathological examination disclosed benign hyperplasia with large areas characterized by abundant fibromuscular component. In the context of this hyperplasia were observed a dozen foci of pigmented cells measuring 0.1-1 cm in diameter. Histochemical and immunohistochemical stains confirmed the pigment as melanin.

Conclusion: A review of the literature shows that the blue nevus of the prostate is an incidental finding and is most often associated with a benign disease of the prostate, as indeed occurred in our case. All the cases reported are monofocal. Ours is the first reported multifocal case and, as the material has not been fully sampled, consists of at least 12 different outbreaks of varying sizes. Even in our case blue nevus was asymptomatic, and the patient showed no symptoms related to the same blue nevus.

Background: Smoking and occupational exposure to bladder cancer carcinogens are the major risk factors for bladder cancer development in industrialized countries, where urothelial carcinoma is the most common histologic type, accounting for >90% of cases. In Africa and the Middle East, with highly prevalent chronic infection by Schistosoma haematobium (S. haematobium), urinary bladder squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent histologic type of bladder cancer, followed by transitional cell carcinoma. Small cell carcinoma accounts for <1% of all primary bladder malignancies. It has the same demographic and clinical features as conventional urothelial carcinoma, and to our knowledge there is no data regarding its association with S. haematobium infection.

Case: We report on the clinicopathological characteristics of a 62-year-old, African man who presented with gross hematuria and advanced disease, resulting in a diagnosis of small cell carcinoma of the bladder associated with S. haematobium infection. He was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by cystoprostatectomy, and remains alive after 19 months of follow-up.

Conclusion: We cannot rule out the possibility that a parasitic infection played a major role in the pathogenesis of small cell bladder carcinoma in this particular case.

Background: Serrated polyps of the colorectum are now considered to be a heterogeneous group of polyps. There is debate about the progression of these serrated polyps in a continuous spectrum. We report a case of traditional serrated adenoma (TSA) in the rectum arising from a goblet cell hyperplastic polyp (HP).

Case: A 44-year-old, Chinese man presented with abdominal discomfort of 3 months' duration. Colonoscopy revealed a pedunculated polyp about 10 mm in diameter in the rectum. The polyp was removed by conventional snare polypectomy. Histopathologic examination showed that TSA and goblet cell HP coexisted in the polyp. Follow-up colonoscopy revealed no recurrence 6 months after the polypectomy.

Conclusion: This case provides histological evidence that TSA originates from a goblet cell HP, and also suggests that HPs should not be considered as non-neoplastic lesions without malignant potential.

Objective: To investigate histopathological and immunohistochemical changes in the Fallopian tube structure following ovarian torsion.

Study design: Thirty fertile, female, adult Wistar albino rats, weighing 200-220 g, were randomly divided into 3 equal groups (n = 10): sham, torsion, and detorsion. In the torsion and detorsion groups, bilateral adnexal torsion (3-hour ischemia) was carried out. Bilateral adnexal detorsion (3-hour reperfusion) was performed in the detorsion group. Fallopian tube sections were stained hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, Mallory-Azan and immunohistochemically-stained desmin, α smooth actin, and CD68 antibodies.

Results: In the sections of the ischemic group, degeneration of epithelium, loss of cilia, dilation of blood vessels, and hemorrhages were observed. Image analysis of the studied Fallopian section revealed a significant decrease in density of desmin in the torsion group. Moreover, strong positive cytoplasmic CD68 expression was observed in the torsion group.

Conclusion: The use of effective antiinflammatory treatments may contribute to the conservative surgery in preservation of ovarian reserve and tubal structure.

Background: Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) arises in many parts of the body, but rarely in the kidney. To the best of our knowledge this is the second report of a fat-forming SFT in the kidney.

Case: We present a case of a fat-containing SFT at the parihilar region of the kidney in a 64-year-old man complaining of epigastric pain. The tumor was initially diagnosed as angiomyolipoma at hematoxylin and eosin stains. However, by immunohistochemistry the tumor was reclassified as a fat-forming SFT.

Conclusion: SFT arises in many sites, but rarely in the kidney. There is also a subset of these tumors that have a variable amount of adipocytic component that should be differentiated from angiomyolipoma. That subset of tumors affects mainly middle-aged adults of either gender and has a wide anatomic distribution. Recurrence is infrequent, and morphologically malignant examples are extremely rare.

Objective: To investigate the role of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the pathogenesis of melasma through their immunohistochemical (IHC) co-localization in skin of melasma and to correlate their expression with the clinical and the histopathological data.

Study design: This prospective case-control study was conducted on 34 female patients with melasma and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects as a control group for evaluation of IHC expression of iNOS and NF-κB in melasma.

Results: There were significant differences between lesional and perilesional skin regarding iNOS intensity, iNOS histo-score (H-score), NF-κB intensity, and NF-κB H-score (p < 0.001 for all). There were significant associations between the higher values of H-scores for both iNOS and NF-κB and positive family history (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively) and very severe melasma areas and severity index score (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). There was a positive correlation between H-score values of both iNOS and NF-κB (r = +0.604 and p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The IHC co-localization and direct correlation of both iNOS and NF-κB in melasma could provide evidence about their role as co-players in melanogenesis and might provide new targets for a more efficient treatment for melasma.

Objective: To put forth the importance of Splendore-Hoeppli (SH) material on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears from subcutaneous inflammatory lesions.

Study design: This is a retrospective study that analyzes 33 cases of subcutaneous inflammatory lesions, diagnosed on FNAC over a 2.5-year period (January 2011-July 2013). Giemsa- and Papanicolaou (Pap)-stained smears were retrieved and reviewed.

Results: The cytological counterpart of SH material can be seen as acellular, dense, nonfibrillary homogenous bodies of varying sizes and shapes, purple to blue on Giemsa-stained and greenish on Pap-stained smears, respectively. Of the 33 cases, 15 showed the presence of SH material on the smears; 11/15 cases with SH material were positive for fungus. Of the 18/33 cases that were negative for SH material, there were 7 acid-fast bacilli-positive tuberculous lesions, 8 nonspecific inflammatory lesions, and 3 fungal infections. None of the cases showed actinomycete filaments or clumps of bacterial colonies. Histopathology was available in 4 cases.

Conclusion: SH material should be recognized on cytology smears as it is an indicator of a specific etiology and also helps rule out nonspecific inflammatory and tuberculous lesions.

Objective: To evaluate the possible role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in acne vulgaris (AV) pathogenesis through its immunohistochemical localization in acne skin biopsies and to investigate the relationship of its expression with body mass index (BMI), selected dietary factors, and acne severity.

Study design: Using the standard immunohistochemical techniques, we examined 60 acne cases and 40 gender- and age-matched, healthy subjects, representing the control group.

Results: IGF-1 was overexpressed in AV lesions as compared to in normal skin, both in epidermis and pilo-sebaceous units (p < 0.0001 for both). There was significant association between strong intensity of IGF-1 and high BMI values (≥ 30) in AV cases as compared to controls, with high (≥ 30) and low (< 30) BMI values, both in epidermis (p < 0.0001 for both) and pilosebaceous units (p <0.0001 for both). Strong IGF-1 intensity was significantly associated with higher mean values of BMI (p = 0.01) and severe AV (p = 0.04). Significant associations between high BMI values and acne severity (p = 0.001) and acne aggravation by dairy products intake (p = 0.03) were demonstrated.

Conclusion: IGF-1 may play a role in AV pathogenesis through its role in keratinocyte proliferation, sebaceous lipogenesis, and androgen synthesis. The significant association between strong IGF-1, high BMI, and severe acne underscores the value of dietary intervention in the management of AV.