Analytical and Quantitative Cytopathology and Histopathology最新文献

Objective: To compare the protective effects of resveratrol, gliclazide, and losartan, at biochemical and histopathological levels, on the rat kidney with experimentally induced type 1 diabetes.

Study design: A total of 35 adult male Wistar rats were divided into control, diabetic, diabetic gliclazide, diabetic resveratrol, and diabetic losartan groups. For biochemical analysis, based on one of the kidneys, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and catalase were used for measurement. The other kidney was stained for histochemical and immunohistochemical markers and examined by light microscopy.

Results: Nephropathy due to diabetes was developed at the end of the third week in the diabetic group: in the glomeruli, contraction from Bowman distance, diffuse mesangial matrix increasing and tubular dilation, and cytoplasmic vacuolar changes were observed. In tubulointerstitial areas, some tubular structures, an increased expression of VEGF was observed.

Conclusion: As a result, in diabetic rats, the effects of gliclazide, resveratrol, and losartan cure were equivalent to each other according to the parameters which were followed. Resveratrol, gliclazide, and losartan significantly protected renal glomeruli and the proximal and distal tubules.

Objective: To understand the effects of γ-ray irradiation (IR) on the proliferation of gastric mucosal cells and to investigate the possible mechanisms that affect gastric mucosal cell proliferation.

Study design: C57BL/6J mice were exposed to IR at various doses (4, 8, and 15 Gy). We measured the changes of gastric mucosal BrdU-positive cells and the expression of β-catenin protein in the isthmus of fundic glands at days 1, 3, and 5 after irradiation.

Results: Our data showed that the mice that received 15 Gy IR died within 4 days. IR caused gastric mucosal injury in mice, and the degree of injury increased along with the increasing doses. Compared with the control group, the proliferation of gastric mucosal cells was inhibited 1 day after irradiation. Cell proliferation was recovered on day 5 after low-dose (4 and 8 Gy) IR, while proliferation was continuously inhibited after high-dose (15 Gy) IR. β-catenin expression was increased and had a translocation in the isthmus of gastric mucosa.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that gastric mucosa is sensitive to irradiation. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is activated and plays a role in cell proliferation of gastric mucosa upon irradiation.

Objective: To evaluate the factors that influence decision-making after frozen section examination (FSE) when a urologist sends a surgical specimen of a testicular nodule to a pathologist.

Study design: We retrieved, from surgical and pathological files of our center from 2008 to 2014, the clinical information of 15 patients who underwent an explorative inguinal testicular surgery for an intratesticular nodule suspected for malignancy and managed with intention of testicular-sparing surgery. We identify the factors that influenced the correlation between outcome of the FSE and final histopathological report.

Results: Mean diameter of the testicular nodules was 8.37 mm. Very small lesions (< 5 mm) were detected in 4 cases (27%), with definitive diagnosis of seminoma in 2 of those (50%). At clinical evaluation 2 nodules were palpable but not malignant at definitive diagnosis. Overall, at definitive histopathological nodule report, a pathologist diagnosed 5 Leydig cell tumors, 4 seminomas, 1 adenomatoid tumor, 1 Sertoli cell tumor, 1 malignant teratoma, and a hemorragic infiltrate in 3 cases. FSE on testicular biopsy reported intratesticular neoplasia only in all cases of definitive diagnosis of seminoma. We observed a concordance between nodule FSE and definitive pathologic report in 11 cases (73%) and in 87% of ancillary testicular biopsies. Discordance was observed in cases lacking the availability of a dedicated pathologist.

Conclusion: In cases of small testicular nodule FSE may aid the surgery decision and avoid overtreatment. The close collaboration between urologist and a dedicated pathologist is very useful in reducing diagnostic and therapeutic errors.

Background: Malignant transformation of mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST) of the kidney is a very rare entity. We report an unusual case with a review of the literature.

Case: A 25-year-old woman underwent surgery for an 8-cm biphasic renal tumor, which was diagnosed as MEST of the kidney. High cellularity, mitoses, and nuclear atypia seen in the stromal component were compatible with a sarcomatous transformation in MEST. The patient also had pulmonary metastatic nodules that were resected 2 months after the nephrectomy. Metastatic pulmonary tumors were morphologically identical to the sarcomatous component of the renal tumor and showed pulmonary epithelial hyperplasia with a phyllodes-like pattern.

Conclusion: Although MEST of the kidney is known as a benign tumor, malignant transformation, mostly sarcomatous type, should be considered in the diagnosis.

Background: Micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma (MNT) is an unusual type of thymoma characterized by multiple, discrete, small epithelial nodules with cytological features of type A thymoma that are separated by abundant reactive lymphoid tissue. Diagnosis of MNT usually relies on surgical specimens and could be challenging with needle biopsies. We present a case diagnosed via a core needle biopsy since the patient was unfit for and refused surgery.

Case: The patient was a 79-year-old man with an incidentally found mediastinal mass. Subsequent computed tomography scans showed that the tumor measured 10.7 x 10.0 x 9.0 cm in size and invaded the pericardium. Needle core biopsies revealed small nodules of bland-looking epithelial cells in a background of prominent lymphoid stroma with germinal center formation. The lymphoid stroma was composed mainly of B-cells admixed with scattered T-cells. The patient was unfit for and refused surgery and was discharged under stable condition with no evidence of metastasis 6 months later.

Conclusion: Our case demonstrates that the diagnosis of MNT could readily be made even with a core needle biopsy specimen when the characteristic morphologic and immunohistochemical features are present. Our literature review shows some ethnic and/or geographic differences in MNTs between Asian and Western populations.

Objective: To reanalyze the cytological features of the first cytological specimens of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) (severe) cases that were initially cytodiagnosed as LSIL and followed up for up to 5 years.

Study design: Among 14,556.patients in 2009, 236 (1.6%) were cytodiagnosed with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). Among those, 128 cases could be histologically diagnosed from 2009 to 2013. Among those 128 cases, 16 were diagnosed as CIN3 (severe). The first cytological specimens of those 16 cases were reanalyzed morphologically.

Results: The first cytological specimens of the 16 cases diagnosed as LSIL and histodiagnosed as CIN3 (severe) showed a few small atypical cells in 13 and a cluster of small atypical cells in 1 case. Atypical cells indicating CIN1 were predominant in 14 LSIL cases and there were a few small atypical cells in these cases (LSIL, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [LSIL-H]).

Conclusion: We show the existence of LSIL-H (LSIL, cannot exclude HSIL) cases, for which biopsy with colposcopy should be applied actively.

Objective: To study the toxic processes of lead in teeth by investigating the histopathologic and immunohistochemical effects of lead on incisor teeth of rats.

Study design: Thirty Wistar Albino rats weighing 180-200 g were divided into 2 groups: a control group and a lead acetate group (i.e., the experimental group). The experimental group received lead acetate at 500 ppm in their drinking water for 60 days, and the control group received distilled water. The sections of the control group and the experiment group were histopathologically compared.

Results: The longitudinal cross-sections of the mandibular incisor teeth were analyzed. Degeneration in the periodontal membrane and vascular dilation in pulp and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed, and vimentin expression was seen in the dental pulp and the periodontal membrane.

Conclusion: The presence of vimentin in the dentinal tubules indicated that the odontoblast processes in these tubules were positive. In the experimental group the profile of dentinal tubules was found to be impaired and disorganized. These results indicate a loss of collagen fibers in the periodontal membrane of incisor teeth in the experimental group. In the same group the gripping function of the incisor teeth was affected due to the spacing of the intermediate filaments that are located between the alveolar bone and the periodontal ligament. The expression of vimentin on the tooth was reduced by the lead acetate treatment. Lead acetate may affect the adhesion of the tooth to the alveolar bone.

Objective: To identify the role of furin, TNF-α, and TGF-β2 in human missed abortion pathogenesis.

Study design: Decidual materials were collected from patients diagnosed with a missed abortion (n = 10) (missed abortion group) and from legal voluntary termination cases at < 10 gestational weeks (n = 10) (normal pregnancy group). Tissue samples were collected from each group by dilation and curettage under mask anesthesia. For all tissue samples,furin, TNF-α, and TGF-β2 primary antibodies were performed by immunohistochemical staining. The number of stained cells was evaluated by using the H-score technique.

Results: In immunohistochemical examination, the immunoreactivities of furin, TNF-α, and TGF-β2 were found to be higher in syncytiotrophoblastic cells in the missed abortion group than in the normal pregnancy group (p < 0.005). Additionally, high immunoreactivity of TNF-α and TGF-β2 molecules was established only in cytotrophoblastic cells of missed abortions (p < 0.005) in examination at decidual cells of the missed abortion group; furin immunoreactivities were detected higher in the missed abortion group than in the control group, but TNF-α and TGF-β2 immunoreactivity were increased in number in the normal pregnancy group (p < 0.005).

Conclusion: It is considered that high levels offurin and the 2 furin-related proteins (TNF-α and TGF-β2), which play important roles in proliferation, invasion, migration, differentiation, and survival of cells, may be the reason of proceeding decidualization, placentation, and prevention from abortion, in spite of terminating thefetal life.

Objective: Coronary atherosclerosis is widely recognized as a major cause of sudden cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction, and unstable angina pectoris. However, the techniques for quantitative analysis of coronary atherosclerosis have not been standardized and there is still a need for reduction in inaccuracies.

Study design: This study reports a series of practical techniques to quantitatively analyze microscopic lesions of coronary atherosclerosis in myocardial infarction-prone Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. First, we applied the stenosis to evaluate the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, which was based on a comprehensive analysis of 7 blocks in each rabbit heart. Then, by splitting the RGB image to monochrome image and the setting Gray Threshold, cellular components were quantified by maximal separation from background tissue; all of these works were based on ImageJ software.

Results: Blocks I, II, and V had the most severe coronary atherosclerosis, and the numbers of macrophages and smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic lesions were accurately calculated as well.

Conclusion: We introduced a quantitative analysis to study microscopic lesions of the coronary atherosclerosis, which. may be widely applied in various animal models.

Objective: To investigate whether metastasis associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) expression is a prognostic marker in breast cancer and to demonstrate the potential correlation between MACC1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression.

Study design: Immunohistochemical staining with anti-MACC1 and phospho-p44/42 MAPK antibodies was performed in 198 invasive breast carcinomas using tissue microarray.

Results: Expression of MACC1 was detected in 109 (55.1%) of 198 invasive breast carcinomas. MACC1 expression was significantly higher in the metastatic relapse-positive group (87.8%, 36/41) than in the metastatic relapse-negative group (46.5%, 73/157) (p < 0.001). MACC1 expression was significantly correlated with phospho-p44/42 MAPK expression (p < 0.05). On univariate analysis a significant association was observed between MACC1 expression and decreased disease-free survival (p < 0.001) and overall survival (p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis MACC1 expression was one of the statistically significant independent risk factors for disease-free survival (p = 0.001).

Conclusion: MACC1 may serve as a new parameter for the prognostic prediction in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. MACC1 is likely to be involved in the regulation of MAPK cascades in invasive breast carcinoma.