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Foxl2a and Foxl2b are involved in midbrain-hindbrain boundary development in zebrafish Foxl2a和Foxl2b参与斑马鱼中脑-后脑边界发育
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2022.119286
Jian Zhou , Yan-Jing Yang , Rui-Hai Gan , Yang Wang , Zhi Li , Xiao-Juan Zhang , Jian-Fang Gui , Li Zhou

Foxl2 plays conserved central function in ovarian differentiation and maintenance in several fish species. However, its expression pattern and function in fish embryogenesis are still largely unknown. In this study, we first presented a sequential expression pattern of zebrafish foxl2a and foxl2b during embryo development. They were predominantly expressed in the cranial paraxial mesoderm (CPM) and cranial venous vasculature (CVV) during somitogenesis and subsequently expressed in the pharyngeal arches after 48 h post-fertilization (hpf). Then, we compared the brain structures among zebrafish wildtype (WT) and three homozygous foxl2 mutants (foxl2a−/−, foxl2b−/− and foxl2a−/−;foxl2b−/−) and found the reduction of the fourth ventricle in the three foxl2 mutants, especially in foxl2a−/−;foxl2b−/− mutant. Finally, we detected several key transcription factors involved in the gene regulatory network of midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) patterning, such as wnt1, en1b and pax2a. Their expression levels were obviously downregulated in MHB of foxl2a−/− and foxl2a−/−;foxl2b−/− mutants. Thus, we suggest that Foxl2a and Foxl2b are involved in MHB and the fourth ventricle development in zebrafish. The current study provides insights into the molecular mechanism underlying development of brain ventricular system.

Foxl2在一些鱼类的卵巢分化和维持中起着保守的中心作用。然而,其在鱼类胚胎发生中的表达模式和功能仍不清楚。在这项研究中,我们首次提出了斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中foxl2a和foxl2b的序列表达模式。它们在发育过程中主要在颅旁轴中胚层(CPM)和颅静脉血管(CVV)中表达,并在受精后48 h (hpf)后在咽弓中表达。然后,我们比较了野生型(WT)和三个纯合子foxl2突变体(foxl2a−/−,foxl2b−/−和foxl2a−/−;foxl2b−/−)斑马鱼的大脑结构,发现三个foxl2突变体的第四脑室减少,特别是foxl2a−/−;foxl2b−/−突变体。最后,我们检测到几个参与中脑后脑边界(MHB)模式基因调控网络的关键转录因子,如wnt1, en1b和pax2a。在foxl2a−/−和foxl2a−/−;foxl2b−/−突变体的MHB中,它们的表达水平明显下调。因此,我们认为Foxl2a和Foxl2b参与了斑马鱼MHB和第四脑室的发育。本研究为脑室系统发育的分子机制提供了新的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative expression analysis of TEADs and their splice variants in mouse embryonic stem cells. TEADs及其剪接变异体在小鼠胚胎干细胞中的比较表达分析。
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4102878
Yuda Cheng, Yang Xiao, Y. Ruan, Jiali Wang, Yanping Tian, Jia-xiang Xiong, Jiaqi Wang, Feng-Po Wang, Chen Zhang, Yixiao Xu, Lianlian Liu, Meng Yu, Jiangjun Wang, Binyu Zhao, Yue Zhang, Ran Yang, Yi Yang, Zhongxiang Yao, Rui Jian, L. Xiao, Junlei Zhang
Transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) transcription factors play important roles in embryonic stem cell (ESC) renewal and differentiation. Four TEAD transcription factors (Tead1, Tead2, Tead3 and Tead4) and their various splice variants have been discovered in mice, but the expression pattern of them during pluripotency state transition is unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of TEADs and their splice variants in mouse ESCs at different pluripotent/differentiating states and adult mouse tissues. Our results preliminarily revealed the diversity and heterogeneity of TEAD family, which is helpful for understanding their overlapping and distinctive functions. Furthermore, a novel splice variant of Tead1 was identified and named Tead1 isoform 4.
转录增强相关结构域(TEAD)转录因子在胚胎干细胞(ESC)的更新和分化中起着重要作用。在小鼠中已经发现了四种TEAD转录因子(Tead1、Tead2、Tead3和Tead4)及其各种剪接变异体,但它们在多能状态转变过程中的表达模式尚不清楚。在这里,我们研究了TEADs及其剪接变体在不同多能/分化状态的小鼠ESCs和成年小鼠组织中的表达。我们的研究结果初步揭示了TEAD家族的多样性和异质性,有助于了解它们的重叠性和独特功能。此外,还鉴定出一种新的Tead1剪接变体,并将其命名为Tead1亚型4。
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引用次数: 0
Expression analysis of irisin during different development stages of skeletal muscle in mice 鸢尾素在小鼠骨骼肌不同发育阶段的表达分析
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2022.119287
Yi Yan , Ding Yang , Pei Wen , Yilei Li , Yufang Ge , Pei Ma , Jiahui Yuan , Pengxiang Zhang , Zhiwei Zhu , Xiaomao Luo , Xiuju Yu , Haidong Wang

Background

As a newly discovered muscle factor secreted by skeletal muscle cells, irisin is a polypeptide fragment formed from hydrolysis of fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Irisin can promote beigeing of white adipose tissue (WAT) and regulate glucose and lipid metabolisms. However, the functions of irisin in skeletal muscle development remain largely unknown. In order to characterize the expression of irisin, this study investigated the expression of irisin precursor FNDC5 in myoblasts and skeletal muscles during different developmental stages of SPF mice.

Results

The Western blot, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence assay results showed that FNDC5 was expressed in all the developmental stages of myoblasts and gastrocnemius, but its expression differed at different stages. FNDC5 protein exhibited the highest expression in gastrocnemius of sexually mature mice, followed by elderly mice and adolescent mice, and it displayed the lowest expression in pups. Additionally, FNDC5 protein was mainly expressed in cytoplasm, and it had the highest expression in primary myoblasts, followed by the myotubes with the lowest expression in C2C12 myogenic cells.

Conclusions

Overall, FNDC5 was mainly expressed in cytoplasm and extracellular matrix with different expression levels at different developmental stages of skeletal muscle cells and tissues in mice. This study will provide new strategies for promoting skeletal muscle development and treating muscle- and metabolism-related disease by using irisin.

鸢尾素是由骨骼肌细胞分泌的一种新发现的肌肉因子,是由纤维连接蛋白Ⅲ结构域蛋白5 (FNDC5)水解形成的多肽片段。鸢尾素能促进白色脂肪组织(WAT)增厚,调节糖脂代谢。然而,鸢尾素在骨骼肌发育中的功能在很大程度上仍然未知。为了表征鸢尾素的表达,本研究对SPF小鼠不同发育阶段成肌细胞和骨骼肌中鸢尾素前体FNDC5的表达进行了研究。结果Western blot、qRT-PCR和免疫荧光检测结果显示,FNDC5在成肌细胞和腓肠肌的所有发育阶段均有表达,但在不同发育阶段表达不同。FNDC5蛋白在性成熟小鼠腓肠肌中表达量最高,其次是老年小鼠和青春期小鼠,在幼鼠中表达量最低。FNDC5蛋白主要表达于细胞质中,在原代成肌细胞中表达量最高,其次是肌管,在C2C12成肌细胞中表达量最低。结论FNDC5主要表达于小鼠骨骼肌细胞和组织的细胞质和细胞外基质中,在小鼠骨骼肌细胞和组织的不同发育阶段表达水平不同。本研究将为利用鸢尾素促进骨骼肌发育和治疗肌肉及代谢相关疾病提供新的策略。
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引用次数: 1
Exponential Sailfish Optimizer-based generative adversarial network for image annotation on natural scene images 基于指数Sailfish优化器的生成对抗网络在自然场景图像上的图像标注
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2022.119279
Selvin Ebenezer S, Raghuveera Tripuraribhatla

Generally, automatic image annotation can offer semantic graphics for recognizing image contents, and it creates a base for devising various techniques, which can search images in a huge dataset. Although most existing techniques mainly focus on resolving annotation issues through sculpting tag semantic information and visual image content, it ignores additional information, like picture positions and descriptions. The established Exponential Sailfish Optimizer-based Generative Adversarial Networks are therefore used to provide an efficient approach for image annotation (ESFO-based GAN). By combining Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) and Sailfish Optimizer (SFO), the ESFO is a newly created design that is used to train the GAN classifier. Additionally, the Grabcut is presented to successfully do image annotation by extracting the background and foreground images. Additionally, DeepJoint segmentation is used to divide apart the images based on the background image that was extracted. Finally, image annotation is successfully accomplished with the aid of GAN. As a result, image annotation uses the produced ESFO-based GAN's subsequent results. The developed approach exhibited enhanced outcomes with maximum F-Measure of 98.37%, maximum precision of 97.02%, and maximal recall of 96.64%, respectively, using the flicker dataset.

一般来说,自动图像标注可以为识别图像内容提供语义图形,并为设计各种技术奠定基础,这些技术可以在庞大的数据集中搜索图像。尽管大多数现有技术主要关注通过雕刻标签语义信息和视觉图像内容来解决注释问题,但它忽略了图像位置和描述等附加信息。因此,基于指数Sailfish优化器的生成对抗网络为图像标注提供了一种有效的方法(基于esfo的GAN)。通过结合指数加权移动平均(EWMA)和旗鱼优化器(SFO), ESFO是一种用于训练GAN分类器的新设计。在此基础上,利用Grabcut算法对背景和前景图像进行提取,成功实现了图像标注。此外,在提取的背景图像的基础上,使用DeepJoint分割对图像进行分割。最后,利用GAN成功地完成了图像标注。因此,图像标注使用生成的基于esfo的GAN的后续结果。该方法在闪烁数据集上的最大F-Measure值为98.37%,最大精度为97.02%,最大查全率为96.64%。
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引用次数: 1
Functional differentiation of bmp2a and bmp2b genes in zebrafish 斑马鱼bmp2a和bmp2b基因的功能分化
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2022.119288
Yaming Wu , Aili Sun , Chunhong Nie , Ze-xia Gao , Shi-Ming Wan

Bone morphogenetic protein 2 plays an important role in the regulation of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the bmp2 ortholog evolved from the same ancestral gene family in vertebrates and was duplicated in teleost, which were named bmp2a and bmp2b. The results of whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that the expression locations of bmp2a and bmp2b in zebrafish were different in different periods (24 hpf, 48 hpf, 72 hpf), which revealed potential functional differentiation between bmp2a and bmp2b. Phenotypic analysis showed that bmp2a mutations caused partial rib and vertebral deformities in zebrafish, while bmp2b−/− embryos died massively after 12 hpf due to abnormal somite formation. We further explored the expression pattern changes of genes (bmp2a, bmp2b, smad1, fgf4, runx2b, alp) related to skeletal development at different developmental stages (20 dpf, 60 dpf, 90 dpf) in wild-type and bmp2a−/− zebrafish. The results showed that the expression of runx2b in bmp2a−/− was significantly downregulated at three stages and the expression of other genes were significantly downregulated at 90 dpf compared with wild-type zebrafish. The study revealed functional differentiation of bmp2a and bmp2b in zebrafish embryonic and skeletal development.

骨形态发生蛋白2在成骨细胞增殖和分化的调控中起重要作用。系统发育分析表明,bmp2同源基因在脊椎动物中来自同一个祖先基因家族,并在硬骨鱼中重复,分别命名为bmp2a和bmp2b。全载原位杂交结果显示,bmp2a和bmp2b在不同时期(24 hpf、48 hpf、72 hpf)在斑马鱼体内的表达位置不同,表明bmp2a和bmp2b在功能上存在潜在的分化。表型分析表明,bmp2a突变导致斑马鱼部分肋骨和脊椎畸形,而bmp2b−/−胚胎在12 hpf后由于体体形成异常而大量死亡。我们进一步探索了野生型和bmp2a−/−斑马鱼在不同发育阶段(20 dpf、60 dpf、90 dpf)骨骼发育相关基因(bmp2a、bmp2b、smad1、fgf4、runx2b、alp)的表达模式变化。结果表明,与野生型斑马鱼相比,bmp2a−/−中runx2b的表达在三个阶段均显著下调,其他基因在90 dpf时的表达均显著下调。该研究揭示了bmp2a和bmp2b在斑马鱼胚胎和骨骼发育中的功能分化。
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引用次数: 1
Cloning, tissue distribution of desert hedgehog (dhh) gene and expression profiling during different developmental stages of Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae 横滨假胸果不同发育阶段沙漠刺猬基因(dhh)的克隆、组织分布及表达谱分析
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2022.119277
Zheng Zhang, Wenjie Wang, Yanchao Wei, Yixin Gu, Yue Wang, Xuejie Li, Wei Wang

As a crucial member of the Hedgehog (Hh) protein family, desert hedgehog (dhh) plays a vital role in multiple developmental processes, cell differentiation and tissue homeostasis. However, it is unclear how it regulates development in fish. In this study, we cloned and characterized the dhh gene from Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae. The full-length cDNA of Pydhh comprises 3194 bp, with a 1386 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a polypeptide of 461 amino acids with a typical HH-signal domain, Hint-N and Hint-C domains. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that the putative PyDHH protein sequence was highly conserved across species, especially in the typical domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the PyDHH clustered within the Pleuronectiformes. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that Pydhh was detected in fourteen different tissues in adult-female and adult-male marbled flounder, and nine different tissues in juvenile fish. During early embryonic development stages, the expression of Pydhh was revealed high levels at hatching stage of embryo development. Moreover, the relative expression of Pydhh was significantly higher in the juvenile liver than adults’, and higher in the female skin than the male skin. To further investigate its location, the in situ hybridization (ISH) assay was performed, the results showed that the hybridization signal was obviously expressed in the immune organs of Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae, with weak signal expression in the other tissues. Our results suggested that Pydhh is highly conserved among species and plays a vital role in embryonic development and formation of immune related organs.

作为Hedgehog (Hh)蛋白家族的重要成员,沙漠Hedgehog (dhh)在多种发育过程、细胞分化和组织稳态中起着至关重要的作用。然而,尚不清楚它如何调节鱼类的发育。在本研究中,我们克隆并鉴定了横滨假胸膜菌(Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae)的dhh基因。Pydhh全长cDNA全长3194 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)全长1386 bp,编码461个氨基酸的多肽,具有典型的hh -信号结构域、提示n和提示c结构域。多重序列比对表明,推测的PyDHH蛋白序列在物种间高度保守,特别是在典型结构域。系统发育分析表明,PyDHH属于胸膜形。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,在大理石纹比目鱼的14个不同组织中检测到Pydhh,在幼鱼的9个不同组织中检测到Pydhh。在胚胎早期发育阶段,Pydhh在胚胎发育的孵化阶段表现出高水平的表达。幼鱼肝脏中Pydhh的相对表达量显著高于成鱼肝脏,雌性皮肤中Pydhh的相对表达量显著高于雄性皮肤。为了进一步研究其位置,我们进行了原位杂交(ISH)实验,结果表明杂交信号在横滨假胸膜虫的免疫器官中表达明显,在其他组织中表达较弱。我们的结果表明,Pydhh在物种中高度保守,在胚胎发育和免疫相关器官的形成中起着至关重要的作用。
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引用次数: 0
A patched1 gene homologue participates in female differentiation of Cynoglossus semilaevis 一个同源基因参与了半舌舌鱼的雌性分化
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2022.119265
Qian Qi , Zhongdian Dong , Ning Zhang , Changwei Shao , Wenteng Xu

Patched (Ptch) is a receptor in the hedgehog signaling pathway, essential for animal development. Our previous study showed that ptch1 gene participates in the maintenance of the male germline and spermatogenesis in Cynoglossus semilaevis (csptch1). In this study, we identified a patched1 gene homolog (csptch1 x1). The csptch1 x1 gene is 5761 bp long, with a 4638 bp coding sequence that encodes 1545 amino acids. The Csptch1 x1 protein has 12 transmembrane regions and sterol-sensing domains and is highly homologous to the csptch1 (91 amino acids difference). Expression pattern analysis showed that csptch1 x1 is expressed in eight different tissues of adult tongue sole, and the expression is significantly higher in tissues of female than that in male tissues. The expression pattern in developmental stages was also analyzed. csptch1 x1 could be detected at the 1-cell stage and was highly expressed at the blastocyst, somite, and blastopore closing stages, implying that it participates in cell differentiation. In ovarian development, the expression of csptch1 x1 was initiated at 20 days after hatching (dah) and was significantly high at 35–50 and 95–150 dah. In situ hybridization showed that csptch1 x1 was predominantly expressed in primordial germ cells, oocytes, and follicular cells, but the expression of the gene was lower in the testis. These results suggest that csptch1 x1 may be mainly involved in female differentiation and ovarian development, different from the role of csptch1 in spermatogenesis.

补丁(Ptch)是hedgehog信号通路中的一种受体,对动物发育至关重要。我们前期的研究表明,ptch1基因参与了半舌鼠(Cynoglossus semilaevis, csptch1)雄性种系和精子发生的维持。在这项研究中,我们鉴定了一个patche1基因同源物(csptch1x1)。csptch1x1基因长5761 bp,编码序列4638 bp,编码1545个氨基酸。csptch1x1蛋白具有12个跨膜区和甾醇敏感结构域,与Csptch1高度同源(91个氨基酸差异)。表达谱分析表明,csptch1x1在成年舌底的8种不同组织中均有表达,且雌性组织中的表达量明显高于雄性组织。并分析了其在发育阶段的表达模式。csptch1x1在1细胞期检测到,在囊胚、体质体和囊胚闭合期高表达,提示其参与细胞分化。在卵巢发育中,csptch1x1在孵化后20天(dah)开始表达,在35-50天和95-150天显著高表达。原位杂交表明,csptch1x1主要在原始生殖细胞、卵母细胞和卵泡细胞中表达,但在睾丸中表达较低。这些结果表明,csptch1 x1可能主要参与女性分化和卵巢发育,而不是参与精子发生。
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引用次数: 0
Stereo super-resolution images detection based on multi-scale feature extraction and hierarchical feature fusion 基于多尺度特征提取和分层特征融合的立体超分辨率图像检测
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2022.119266
Junwei Luo , Lingyi Liu , Wenbo Xu , Qilin Yin , Cong Lin , Hongmei Liu , Wei Lu

Recently, with most mobile phones coming with dual cameras, stereo image super-resolution is becoming increasingly popular in phones and other modern acquisition devices, leading stereo super-resolution images spread widely on the Internet. However, current image forensics methods are carried out in monocular images, and high false positive rate appears when detecting stereo super-resolution images by these methods. Therefore, it is important to develop stereo super-resolution image detection method. In this paper, a convolutional neural network with multi-scale feature extraction and hierarchical feature fusion is proposed to detect the stereo super-resolution images. Multi-atrous convolutions are employed to extract multi-scale features and be adapt for varying stereo super-resolution images, and hierarchical feature fusion further improve the performance and robustness of the model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network can detect stereo super-resolution images effectively and achieve strong generalization and robustness. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first attempt to investigate the performance of current forensics methods when tested under stereo super-resolution images, and represent the first study of stereo super-resolution images detection. We believe that it can raise the awareness about the security of stereo super-resolution images.

近年来,随着大多数手机都配备了双摄像头,立体超分辨率图像在手机等现代采集设备中越来越受欢迎,导致立体超分辨率图像在互联网上广泛传播。然而,目前的图像取证方法都是针对单眼图像进行的,在检测立体超分辨率图像时存在较高的误报率。因此,开发立体超分辨率图像检测方法具有重要意义。本文提出了一种基于多尺度特征提取和层次特征融合的卷积神经网络来检测立体超分辨率图像。采用多属性卷积提取多尺度特征,适应不同立体超分辨率图像,分层特征融合进一步提高了模型的性能和鲁棒性。实验结果表明,该网络能够有效检测立体超分辨率图像,具有较强的泛化和鲁棒性。据我们所知,这是第一次尝试调查当前取证方法在立体超分辨率图像下测试时的性能,并且代表了立体超分辨率图像检测的第一次研究。我们相信它可以提高人们对立体超分辨率图像安全性的认识。
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引用次数: 2
Expression analysis of nel during zebrafish embryonic development nel在斑马鱼胚胎发育过程中的表达分析
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2022.119258
Jinxiang Zhao , Guanyun Wei , Jiang Zhu , Dong Liu , Bing Qin

Nel is a multimeric extracellular glycoprotein which predominantly expressed in the nervous system and play an important role in neural development and functions. There are three nel paralogues included nell2a, nell2b, and nell3 in zebrafish, while systematic expression analysis of the nel family is still lacking. In this study, we performed a phylogenetic analysis on 7 species, in different species the nell2a are highly conserved, as is nell2b. Then, the expression profiles of nell2a, nell2b and nell3 were detected by in situ hybridization in zebrafish embryo, and the result showed that nel genes highly enriched in the central nervous system, but distributed in different regions of the brain. In addition, nell2a is also expressed in the olfactory pit, spinal cord, otic vesicle and retina (ganglion cell layer), nell2b was detected to express in gill arches, olfactory epithelium, olfactory pit, spinal cord, photoreceptor and retina (ganglion cell layer), it should be noted that the expression of nell3 is special, was only detected at 96 hpf in the brain and spinal cord of zebrafish. Overall, our results indicate that nell2a and nell2b genes are expressed in the nervous system and eyes of zebrafish embryo, while nell3 is expressed in different regions in the nervous system. The phylogenetic analysis also shows that nell3 sequences are significantly different from nell2a and nell2b. This study provides new evidence to better understand the role of nel in zebrafish embryo development.

Nel是一种多聚体细胞外糖蛋白,主要表达于神经系统,在神经发育和功能中起重要作用。在斑马鱼中存在nell2a、nell2b和nell3三个nel亲缘基因,但目前还缺乏对nel家族的系统表达分析。在本研究中,我们对7个物种进行了系统发育分析,在不同的物种中,nell2a是高度保守的,nell2b也是如此。然后,通过原位杂交检测了nell2a、nell2b和nell3在斑马鱼胚胎中的表达谱,结果表明,nel基因在中枢神经系统中高度富集,但分布在大脑的不同区域。此外,nell2a也在嗅窝、脊髓、耳囊和视网膜(神经节细胞层)中表达,nell2b在鳃弓、嗅上皮、嗅窝、脊髓、光感受器和视网膜(神经节细胞层)中检测到表达,需要注意的是,nell3的表达是特殊的,仅在96 hpf时在斑马鱼的大脑和脊髓中检测到。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,nell2a和nell2b基因在斑马鱼胚胎的神经系统和眼睛中表达,而nell3基因在神经系统的不同区域表达。系统发育分析还表明,nell3序列与nell2a和nell2b序列存在显著差异。本研究为更好地理解nel在斑马鱼胚胎发育中的作用提供了新的证据。
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引用次数: 1
inka1b expression in the head mesoderm is dispensable for facial cartilage development Inka1b在头部中胚层的表达对于面部软骨的发育是必不可少的
IF 1.2 4区 生物学 Q4 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2022.119262
Haewon Jeon , Sil Jin , Chong Pyo Choe

Inka box actin regulator 1 (Inka1) is a novel protein identified in Xenopus and is found in vertebrates. While Inka1 is required for facial skeletal development in Xenopus and zebrafish, it is dispensable in mice despite its conserved expression in the cranial neural crest, indicating that Inka1 function in facial skeletal development is not conserved among vertebrates. Zebrafish bears two paralogs of inka1 (inka1a and inka1b) in the genome, with the biological roles of inka1b barely known. Here, we analyzed the expression and function of inka1b during facial skeletal development in zebrafish. inka1b was expressed sequentially in the head mesoderm adjacent to the pharyngeal pouches essential for facial skeletal development at the stage of arch segmentation. However, a loss-of-function mutation in inka1b displayed normal head development, including the pouches and facial cartilages. The normal head of inka1b mutant fish was unlikely a result of the genetic redundancy of inka1b with inka1a, given the distinct expression of inka1a and inka1b in the cranial neural crest and head mesoderm, respectively, during craniofacial development. Our findings suggest that the inka1b expression in the head mesoderm might not be essential for head development in zebrafish.

Inka box actin regulator 1 (Inka1)是在爪蟾和脊椎动物中发现的一种新蛋白。尽管Inka1在爪蟾和斑马鱼的面部骨骼发育中是必需的,但它在小鼠中是可有可无的,尽管它在颅神经嵴中保守表达,这表明Inka1在面部骨骼发育中的功能在脊椎动物中并不保守。斑马鱼基因组中有两个与inka1类似的基因(inka1a和inka1b),但inka1b的生物学作用尚不清楚。本研究分析了inka1b在斑马鱼面部骨骼发育过程中的表达和功能。Inka1b在头部中胚层中依次表达,该中胚层邻近咽袋,在弓分割阶段对面部骨骼发育至关重要。然而,inka1b基因的功能缺失突变显示出正常的头部发育,包括眼袋和面部软骨。inka1b突变鱼的正常头部不太可能是inka1b与inka1a基因冗余的结果,因为在颅面发育过程中,inka1a和inka1b分别在颅神经嵴和头部中胚层有不同的表达。我们的研究结果表明,inka1b在斑马鱼头部中胚层的表达可能不是头部发育所必需的。
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Gene Expression Patterns
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