Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0013
Christopher Ali
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Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0014
Lee Shaker, Antoine Haywood
As traditional local media decline, how might state and local governments provide support for local information infrastructure? We offer a proposal for states (or communities) to tax digital entertainment and then leverage existing community media centers (CMCs) to facilitate the distribution of the proceeds to local media outlets. Compared to other public subsidy plans, this approach is viable nationwide without federal action and offers several advantages that could lead to more immediate and durable support for local information infrastructure. To contextualize our proposal, we model both the possible revenue generation and distribution of funding that would result from its implementation.
{"title":"Using a Digital Entertainment Tax to Strengthen Local Information Infrastructure in The United States: A Conceptual Exploration","authors":"Lee Shaker, Antoine Haywood","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As traditional local media decline, how might state and local governments provide support for local information infrastructure? We offer a proposal for states (or communities) to tax digital entertainment and then leverage existing community media centers (CMCs) to facilitate the distribution of the proceeds to local media outlets. Compared to other public subsidy plans, this approach is viable nationwide without federal action and offers several advantages that could lead to more immediate and durable support for local information infrastructure. To contextualize our proposal, we model both the possible revenue generation and distribution of funding that would result from its implementation.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0009
Carlos Solar
This article explores the effects of different social determinants on having Internet access in Venezuela amid recent economic and political turmoil affecting living conditions and satisfaction with democracy. It argues that the so-called digital divide, a term depicting connectivity gaps, uses a simplistic dichotomy measuring percentages of who has and who hasn’t accessed the Internet. The article goes beyond such a restrictive metric and grasps whether, and to what extent, having Internet at home is affected by more revealing sociodemographic predictors, including gender, age, place of residency, income, or education. To illustrate my point, the article draws on data from the 2017 AmericasBarometer public opinion survey conducted in Venezuela. It models logistic regression to explore the straightforward but often understudied characteristics that might carry voting-age adults to have Internet service. Given Venezuela’s democracy crisis, the article also questions whether having Internet at home affected respondents being satisfied with how democracy worked in the country.
{"title":"Access to the Internet and Declining Democracy in Venezuela","authors":"Carlos Solar","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article explores the effects of different social determinants on having Internet access in Venezuela amid recent economic and political turmoil affecting living conditions and satisfaction with democracy. It argues that the so-called digital divide, a term depicting connectivity gaps, uses a simplistic dichotomy measuring percentages of who has and who hasn’t accessed the Internet. The article goes beyond such a restrictive metric and grasps whether, and to what extent, having Internet at home is affected by more revealing sociodemographic predictors, including gender, age, place of residency, income, or education. To illustrate my point, the article draws on data from the 2017 AmericasBarometer public opinion survey conducted in Venezuela. It models logistic regression to explore the straightforward but often understudied characteristics that might carry voting-age adults to have Internet service. Given Venezuela’s democracy crisis, the article also questions whether having Internet at home affected respondents being satisfied with how democracy worked in the country.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":"226 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growing share of information technologies in the daily lives of citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan during the pandemic leads to the fact that various institutions use an increasingly wide range of information elements and mechanisms. The expectations of society are not only to improve the functioning of electronic administration, but also to ensure that all stored data is properly protected from unauthorized access, so that ensuring the security of information processing becomes one of the most important tasks of the State and the public. The purpose of the study is to consider aspects of the functioning of information security in the Republic of Kazakhstan during the pandemic and to identify the factors of reliable information security by state policy in order to distinguish hoaxes from real malicious actions. The methodological approach of the research is institutional, structural–functional, and systemic. Improper management of information security can lead to leakage, loss, or falsification of stored data, paralyzing completely relevant activities. Kazakhstan has made notable advancements in establishing a comprehensive legal framework for cybersecurity, positioning itself ahead of certain Central Asian neighbors. Government agencies develop, install, implement, operate, monitor, and analyze an information security management system, ensuring confidentiality, accessibility, and integrity of information. Information security requires the establishment of comprehensive procedures for all ongoing processes, taking into account the use of personal data. Information is an integral part of society, acting as a strategic resource for creating national security. Kazakhstan has been particularly active in forging collaborations and alliances to bolster their cybersecurity postures. The practical significance lies in the improvement of state measures aimed at protecting information, as well as preventing material, physical, moral, or other damage to the state and society as a result of information activities.
{"title":"Pandemic, Hoaxes and Information Security of Kazakhstan","authors":"Arailym Nussipova, Esenzhol Aliyarov, Raushangul Kabilova, Katira K. Karymsakova, Botakoz Nuralina","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0011","url":null,"abstract":"The growing share of information technologies in the daily lives of citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan during the pandemic leads to the fact that various institutions use an increasingly wide range of information elements and mechanisms. The expectations of society are not only to improve the functioning of electronic administration, but also to ensure that all stored data is properly protected from unauthorized access, so that ensuring the security of information processing becomes one of the most important tasks of the State and the public. The purpose of the study is to consider aspects of the functioning of information security in the Republic of Kazakhstan during the pandemic and to identify the factors of reliable information security by state policy in order to distinguish hoaxes from real malicious actions. The methodological approach of the research is institutional, structural–functional, and systemic. Improper management of information security can lead to leakage, loss, or falsification of stored data, paralyzing completely relevant activities. Kazakhstan has made notable advancements in establishing a comprehensive legal framework for cybersecurity, positioning itself ahead of certain Central Asian neighbors. Government agencies develop, install, implement, operate, monitor, and analyze an information security management system, ensuring confidentiality, accessibility, and integrity of information. Information security requires the establishment of comprehensive procedures for all ongoing processes, taking into account the use of personal data. Information is an integral part of society, acting as a strategic resource for creating national security. Kazakhstan has been particularly active in forging collaborations and alliances to bolster their cybersecurity postures. The practical significance lies in the improvement of state measures aimed at protecting information, as well as preventing material, physical, moral, or other damage to the state and society as a result of information activities.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0010
Benjamin W. Cramer
In the very first published article in the very first issue of the Journal of Information Policy back in 2011, Sandra Braman defined information policy as “laws, regulations, and doctrinal positions—and other decision making and practices with society-wide constitutive effects—involving information creation, processing, flows, access, and use.” That seminal conception of the field is cited by several authors in the 2021 book Research Handbook on Information Policy—an expansive collection of chapters by authors in a variety of fields, who were invited to contribute either research into current information policy issues or research on the meaning of the field itself.With its 400+ pages, small font, wide page layout, and twenty-eight contributed chapters, this book offers a War and Peace-like reading experience for anyone interested in the state of the information policy field. The contributors are from a variety of countries (largely in North America and Europe), and a variety of academic pursuits, including mass communications, law, library studies, information studies, and political science. Some of the contributors propose extending the field into matters like literacy and equality as well. This wide variety of contributions illustrates the reach and flexibility of the information policy field, but inadvertently exposes some difficulties in positioning the field in academia and in the research canon.In his introductory chapter, editor Alistair S. Duff explains that information policy may seem like a new field, but it is the culmination of a long research tradition starting with postindustrial economics, then computers, then telecommunications networks as defined by Ithiel de Sola Pool in the 1980s, and finally the information society conceived by Jorge Schement and Terry Curtis in the 1990s. Building upon this intellectual progression, with the addition of the aforementioned modern definition by Braman, Duff proposes that information policy has developed as a research field but is not yet a “discipline” of its own, given its clear interdisciplinary characteristics. However, Duff explains that the book intends to help information policy progress from an expansive field to a distinct discipline.In the book’s early chapters, authors assess the current state of information policy as a research field, and these chapters are essential for anyone interested in expanding the field’s theories and methods. We are treated to a new contribution from Braman in Chapter 3, in which she theorizes that the field has graduated from a state of “ecstasy” (in which people gorged on information) to “entropy” (information now tells us less and less). According to Braman, this requires a new outlook on information policies from lawmakers. In Chapter 4, Steve Fuller offers a similar interpretation of the modern state of the field, as information policy has advanced from “prophetic” (a few eccentric experts) to “priestly” (overseen by organized institutions).The book the
例如，在第17章中，阿恩·欣茨呼吁制定信息政策，解决无处不在的数据监控如何影响个人表达的问题，而在第18章中，艾米丽·j·m·诺克斯呼吁制定类似的政策，解决猖獗的错误信息和虚假信息。另一个特别有见地的贡献来自Amit M. Schejter在第23章中，他呼吁对信息不平等进行新的研究，因为在这个领域就像在其他任何地方一样，有富人和穷人。总体而言，《信息政策研究手册》偶尔是理论发展、子领域总结、对未来研究的呼吁以及一些适用性有问题的非常具体的案例研究的奇怪组合(比如凯瑟琳·希尼在第27章中对英国国家统计局运作的分析)。这使得这本书成为一种相当困难的阅读体验，它的目标是实现“信息政策”的简洁和现代定义，这只是部分实现了。无论如何，这本书作为一个强大的思想，理论和方法，将是有用的任何前瞻性的研究人员在该领域。
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Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0008
Darrah Blackwater, Ilia Murtazashvili, Martin B. H. Weiss
ABSTRACT The current system for managing spectrum in the United States gives the federal government essentially all authority over electromagnetic spectrum management and governance on tribal lands. The Deploying the Internet by Guaranteeing Indian Tribes Autonomy over Licensing (DIGITAL) Reservations Act envisions a system of spectrum governance that affirms tribal self-determination in managing and licensing the natural resource called spectrum. Though the DIGITAL Reservations Act has yet to be passed into law, it outlines a set of principles that are essential to guide equitable policymaking related to Indigenous nations. We analyze the Act and discuss the opportunities and challenges offered by this framework.
{"title":"Spectrum Sovereignty on Tribal Lands: Assessing the Digital Reservations Act","authors":"Darrah Blackwater, Ilia Murtazashvili, Martin B. H. Weiss","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0008","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current system for managing spectrum in the United States gives the federal government essentially all authority over electromagnetic spectrum management and governance on tribal lands. The Deploying the Internet by Guaranteeing Indian Tribes Autonomy over Licensing (DIGITAL) Reservations Act envisions a system of spectrum governance that affirms tribal self-determination in managing and licensing the natural resource called spectrum. Though the DIGITAL Reservations Act has yet to be passed into law, it outlines a set of principles that are essential to guide equitable policymaking related to Indigenous nations. We analyze the Act and discuss the opportunities and challenges offered by this framework.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":"24 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0007
Ahmed Alrawi
ABSTRACT This article discusses the chilling effect impact on immigrants’ freedom of speech resulting from recent Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) surveillance processes utilizing the SmartLINK app and Alternatives to Detention (ATD) program. Further, this article brings privacy abuses of immigrants to U.S. lawmakers’ attention, as well as possible violations of Fourth Amendment rights related to personal networks that apply to U.S. citizens and legal permanent residents alike. Finally, this manuscript provides legal recommendations that might be used as a panacea to solve the problem of ICE surveillance of immigrants.
{"title":"Immigrants are not Felons: A Legal Analysis of Immigrants’ Civil Rights Chilling Effect Issues Caused by Ice’s SmartLINK App Surveillance","authors":"Ahmed Alrawi","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0007","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article discusses the chilling effect impact on immigrants’ freedom of speech resulting from recent Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) surveillance processes utilizing the SmartLINK app and Alternatives to Detention (ATD) program. Further, this article brings privacy abuses of immigrants to U.S. lawmakers’ attention, as well as possible violations of Fourth Amendment rights related to personal networks that apply to U.S. citizens and legal permanent residents alike. Finally, this manuscript provides legal recommendations that might be used as a panacea to solve the problem of ICE surveillance of immigrants.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135438612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0003
Gati Aher, Phillip Post, Pranavi Boyalakuntla, Grant Miner, Lieselotte A. Heinrich, Yuxiang Mao, Armand Musey, W. Lohmeyer
This research analyzed how much bidders in the record-breaking C-Band spectrum (3.7–4.2 GHz) auction were willing to pay for earlier access to frequency rights and the policy implications of the incentive system employed by the Federal Communications Commission to clear the band on an accelerated timeline. The analysis found that bidders paid 20.7 percent more on average for licenses available two years earlier with no subsequent legal challenges. Even though it did not follow traditional price discovery, Auction 107 laid the groundwork for accelerating the transition of wide swaths of the spectrum.
{"title":"Evaluating the FCC’s $10 Billion Gamble: Successfully Accelerating Access to Spectrum in Auction 107","authors":"Gati Aher, Phillip Post, Pranavi Boyalakuntla, Grant Miner, Lieselotte A. Heinrich, Yuxiang Mao, Armand Musey, W. Lohmeyer","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This research analyzed how much bidders in the record-breaking C-Band spectrum (3.7–4.2 GHz) auction were willing to pay for earlier access to frequency rights and the policy implications of the incentive system employed by the Federal Communications Commission to clear the band on an accelerated timeline. The analysis found that bidders paid 20.7 percent more on average for licenses available two years earlier with no subsequent legal challenges. Even though it did not follow traditional price discovery, Auction 107 laid the groundwork for accelerating the transition of wide swaths of the spectrum.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":"05 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83829410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0005
Charles L. Jackson
ABSTRACT Failures to understand the constraints and incentives facing decisionmakers have resulted in the creation of the myth that property rights and spectrum markets would have been superior to the regulatory system of the Radio Act of 1927. Discussions of hypothetical spectrum property rights in the 1920s fail to take account of (1) the vast differences between the radio propagation conditions in the radio spectrum in use then and propagation in the bulk of the radio spectrum today and (2) the technical limitations of equipment at that time. The author concludes that spectrum property rights would have resulted in more radio service in urban areas, a substantial loss of rural service, and diminished consumer welfare.
{"title":"Dispelling Revisionist Myths Regarding Spectrum Property Rights in the 1920s","authors":"Charles L. Jackson","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Failures to understand the constraints and incentives facing decisionmakers have resulted in the creation of the myth that property rights and spectrum markets would have been superior to the regulatory system of the Radio Act of 1927. Discussions of hypothetical spectrum property rights in the 1920s fail to take account of (1) the vast differences between the radio propagation conditions in the radio spectrum in use then and propagation in the bulk of the radio spectrum today and (2) the technical limitations of equipment at that time. The author concludes that spectrum property rights would have resulted in more radio service in urban areas, a substantial loss of rural service, and diminished consumer welfare.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135554025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0004
R. Samarajiva, Sujata Gamage
Knowledgeable and motivated policy intellectuals are needed for effective information and communication technology policy and regulation. This article describes a Telecommunication Policy Research Conference (TPRC)–influenced conference and training program intended to develop such policy intellectuals in the Asia Pacific and Africa, which began in 2006 and ended in 2018. It was unique in emphasizing the development of junior scholars. Evidence of research and policy engagement from tracer surveys is presented. The causes of the brevity of CPRsouth’s existence are analyzed in relation to EuroCPR and TPRC using a model of knowledge network evolution, including the role of external “subsidies” and the mismatch between potential funders and the scope of the activity.
{"title":"Forming Policy Intellectuals in the Asia Pacific and Africa: Communication Policy Research South, 2006–2018","authors":"R. Samarajiva, Sujata Gamage","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.13.2023.0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Knowledgeable and motivated policy intellectuals are needed for effective information and communication technology policy and regulation. This article describes a Telecommunication Policy Research Conference (TPRC)–influenced conference and training program intended to develop such policy intellectuals in the Asia Pacific and Africa, which began in 2006 and ended in 2018. It was unique in emphasizing the development of junior scholars. Evidence of research and policy engagement from tracer surveys is presented. The causes of the brevity of CPRsouth’s existence are analyzed in relation to EuroCPR and TPRC using a model of knowledge network evolution, including the role of external “subsidies” and the mismatch between potential funders and the scope of the activity.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79252940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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