Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0299
Minna Aslama Horowitz,,Hannu Nieminen,,Amit M. Schejter,
{"title":"Introduction: Communication Rights in the Digital Age","authors":"Minna Aslama Horowitz,,Hannu Nieminen,,Amit M. Schejter,","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0184
Sabrina Wilkinson
Abstract This article investigates what risks to the public interest may arise in Internet policy development facilitated by Canada's communications regulator, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). It finds that different risks exist in four distinct phases of CRTC policy formation. Although these threats are wide-ranging, they often relate to the strategic behaviors of well-resourced groups that advocate for policy positions that are adjacent or contrary to the public interest, a regulatory process in some ways unsuited for robust civil society participation, and the resource constraints of public interest groups that regularly participate in this process.
{"title":"Four Phases of Internet Policy Development: Risks to the Public Interest","authors":"Sabrina Wilkinson","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0184","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article investigates what risks to the public interest may arise in Internet policy development facilitated by Canada's communications regulator, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). It finds that different risks exist in four distinct phases of CRTC policy formation. Although these threats are wide-ranging, they often relate to the strategic behaviors of well-resourced groups that advocate for policy positions that are adjacent or contrary to the public interest, a regulatory process in some ways unsuited for robust civil society participation, and the resource constraints of public interest groups that regularly participate in this process.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0276
Ben Medeiros,Pawan Singh
Abstract Through a case study of lynchings in India that are perceived to have been catalyzed by misinformation on WhatsApp, this article explores how policymakers can mitigate social media misinformation without compromising public discourse. We evaluate the costs and benefits of three approaches to managing misinformation: intermediary liability reform, changes to platform design, and public information endeavors addressing user attitudes and behaviors. We find that while current media literacy endeavors seem somewhat misdirected, more locally attuned initiatives might productively address the underlying susceptibility to misinformation while avoiding the free speech compromises that come with stringent liability rules and restrictions on anonymous speech.
{"title":"Addressing Misinformation on Whatsapp in India Through Intermediary Liability Policy, Platform Design Modification, and Media Literacy","authors":"Ben Medeiros,Pawan Singh","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0276","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Through a case study of lynchings in India that are perceived to have been catalyzed by misinformation on WhatsApp, this article explores how policymakers can mitigate social media misinformation without compromising public discourse. We evaluate the costs and benefits of three approaches to managing misinformation: intermediary liability reform, changes to platform design, and public information endeavors addressing user attitudes and behaviors. We find that while current media literacy endeavors seem somewhat misdirected, more locally attuned initiatives might productively address the underlying susceptibility to misinformation while avoiding the free speech compromises that come with stringent liability rules and restrictions on anonymous speech.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138537077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0439
Marta Rodríguez-Castro,Francisco Campos-Freire,Ana López-Cepeda
Abstract Platform dominance, threats to media freedom and disinformation are some of the key phenomena that are shaping the current media environment in Europe and threatening citizens' communication rights. Within this context, Public Service Media (PSM) could have an important role to play, although explicit political support is needed. This article studies the main communication and PSM topics that have been discussed in the European Parliament during the past term (2014–2019) as well as the proposals drafted by political parties for the 2019 European election. The results show that the main proposals linked to PSM involve their independence and the need for increased collaboration, including the establishment of a European public service platform that would enhance the development of a European public sphere.
{"title":"Public Service Media as a Political Issue: How Does the European Parliament Approach PSM and Communication Rights?","authors":"Marta Rodríguez-Castro,Francisco Campos-Freire,Ana López-Cepeda","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0439","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Platform dominance, threats to media freedom and disinformation are some of the key phenomena that are shaping the current media environment in Europe and threatening citizens' communication rights. Within this context, Public Service Media (PSM) could have an important role to play, although explicit political support is needed. This article studies the main communication and PSM topics that have been discussed in the European Parliament during the past term (2014–2019) as well as the proposals drafted by political parties for the 2019 European election. The results show that the main proposals linked to PSM involve their independence and the need for increased collaboration, including the establishment of a European public service platform that would enhance the development of a European public sphere.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138537082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0001
kc claffy,David D. Clark,Steve Bauer,Amogh Dhamdhere
Abstract Interconnection links connecting broadband access providers with their peers, transit providers and major content providers, are a potential point of discriminatory treatment and impairment of user experience. However, adequate data to shed light on this situation is lacking, and different actors can put forward opportunistic interpretations of data to support their points of view. In this article, we introduce a topology-aware model of interconnection to elucidate our own beliefs about how to measure interconnection links of access providers and how policymakers should interpret the results. We use six case studies that show how our conceptual model can guide a critical analysis of what is or should be measured and reported, and how to soundly interpret these measurements.
{"title":"Policy Challenges in Mapping Internet Interdomain Congestion","authors":"kc claffy,David D. Clark,Steve Bauer,Amogh Dhamdhere","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Interconnection links connecting broadband access providers with their peers, transit providers and major content providers, are a potential point of discriminatory treatment and impairment of user experience. However, adequate data to shed light on this situation is lacking, and different actors can put forward opportunistic interpretations of data to support their points of view. In this article, we introduce a topology-aware model of interconnection to elucidate our own beliefs about how to measure interconnection links of access providers and how policymakers should interpret the results. We use six case studies that show how our conceptual model can guide a critical analysis of what is or should be measured and reported, and how to soundly interpret these measurements.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138537084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0299
M. Horowitz, H. Nieminen, Amit M. Schejte
{"title":"Introduction: Communication Rights in the Digital Age","authors":"M. Horowitz, H. Nieminen, Amit M. Schejte","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84644759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0151
Melanie Kwestel,Elizabeth Fitzpatrick Milano
Abstract University social media policies appear to favor institutional reputation over the tenets of academic freedom upon which research and teaching are based. A content analysis of social media policies of 82 doctoral-granting research universities found that policies used language and concepts that restrain online faculty speech. Two-thirds of policies are overseen by marketing departments rather than by committees that include faculty members as recommended by the American Association of University Professors. Contradictory boundary logic presented double binds for faculty who were enjoined to be brand ambassadors, creating tension for them and creating paradoxes for institutions whose social media policies contradict their commitment to freedom of research and teaching.
大学的社交媒体政策似乎更倾向于机构声誉，而不是研究和教学所依据的学术自由原则。一项对82所授予博士学位的研究型大学的社交媒体政策的内容分析发现，这些政策使用了限制教师在线言论的语言和概念。三分之二的政策是由营销部门监督的，而不是像美国大学教授协会(American Association of University Professors)建议的那样，由包括教职员工在内的委员会监督。矛盾的边界逻辑给那些被要求成为品牌大使的教师带来了双重束缚，给他们制造了紧张，给那些社交媒体政策与他们对研究和教学自由的承诺相矛盾的机构制造了悖论。
{"title":"Protecting Academic Freedom or Managing Reputation? An Evaluation of University Social Media Policies","authors":"Melanie Kwestel,Elizabeth Fitzpatrick Milano","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0151","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract University social media policies appear to favor institutional reputation over the tenets of academic freedom upon which research and teaching are based. A content analysis of social media policies of 82 doctoral-granting research universities found that policies used language and concepts that restrain online faculty speech. Two-thirds of policies are overseen by marketing departments rather than by committees that include faculty members as recommended by the American Association of University Professors. Contradictory boundary logic presented double binds for faculty who were enjoined to be brand ambassadors, creating tension for them and creating paradoxes for institutions whose social media policies contradict their commitment to freedom of research and teaching.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138537079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0210
Jamie A. Greig
Abstract Despite investment in electric cooperatives to stimulate innovation in the broadband telecommunications market, an overwhelming majority (around 835 out of approximately 900) have refrained from engaging in broadband infrastructure projects. This study identifies “statutory environment” as a barrier to electric co-op innovations in the broadband market, analyzes state-by-state legislation, and makes recommendations for stimulating innovation by statutory updates.
{"title":"Stimulating Innovation: Statutory Influence on Electric Cooperative Telecommunications Innovation","authors":"Jamie A. Greig","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0210","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite investment in electric cooperatives to stimulate innovation in the broadband telecommunications market, an overwhelming majority (around 835 out of approximately 900) have refrained from engaging in broadband infrastructure projects. This study identifies “statutory environment” as a barrier to electric co-op innovations in the broadband market, analyzes state-by-state legislation, and makes recommendations for stimulating innovation by statutory updates.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0549
Stefano Pedrazzi, Franziska Oehmer
Social bots, automated agents operating in social networks, are suspected of influencing online debates, opinion-formation processes and thus, the outcome of elections and votes. They do so by contributing to the dissemination of illegal content and disinformation and by jeopardizing an accurate perception of the relevance and popularity of persons, topics, or positions, through their potentially unlimited communication and networking activities, all under the false pretense of human identity. This paper identifies and discusses preventive and repressive governance options for dealing with social bots on state, organizational, and individual levels respecting the constitutional provisions on free expression and opinion-formation.
{"title":"Communication Rights for Social Bots?: Options for the Governance of Automated Computer-Generated Online Identities","authors":"Stefano Pedrazzi, Franziska Oehmer","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.2020.0549","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Social bots, automated agents operating in social networks, are suspected of influencing online debates, opinion-formation processes and thus, the outcome of elections and votes. They do so by contributing to the dissemination of illegal content and disinformation and by jeopardizing an accurate perception of the relevance and popularity of persons, topics, or positions, through their potentially unlimited communication and networking activities, all under the false pretense of human identity. This paper identifies and discusses preventive and repressive governance options for dealing with social bots on state, organizational, and individual levels respecting the constitutional provisions on free expression and opinion-formation.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79387220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-01DOI: 10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0304
Kari Karppinen,Outi Puukko
Abstract The notion of digital rights has recently generated a number of political declarations and civil society initiatives across the world. By critically examining these declarations and academic debates on digital rights, this article asks: Why is it that information policy issues are increasingly framed in terms of individual rights? And on what understandings of rights do various political, corporate, and civil society declarations of digital rights rest? The article identifies four discourses of digital rights, linked to different ideological assumptions and political contexts. Finally, possible limitations and pathologies of the rights discourse are discussed.
{"title":"Four Discourses of Digital Rights: Promises and Problems of Rights-Based Politics","authors":"Kari Karppinen,Outi Puukko","doi":"10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.10.1.0304","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The notion of digital rights has recently generated a number of political declarations and civil society initiatives across the world. By critically examining these declarations and academic debates on digital rights, this article asks: Why is it that information policy issues are increasingly framed in terms of individual rights? And on what understandings of rights do various political, corporate, and civil society declarations of digital rights rest? The article identifies four discourses of digital rights, linked to different ideological assumptions and political contexts. Finally, possible limitations and pathologies of the rights discourse are discussed.","PeriodicalId":55617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138541911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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