Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2022-05-23DOI: 10.6002/ect.2022.0001
Sedef Selçuk Topbaş, Yaprak Sarıgöl Ordin
Objectives: It is necessary to examine weight gain and affecting factors after kidney transplant. This study was performed to examine weight gain and affecting factors in kidney transplant recipients in the first 2 years after transplant.
Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 139 kidney transplant recipients who were regularly followed by 2 university hospitals in the first 2 years after transplant. Data were collected with the use of a sociodemographic and clinical features' form and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Weight and body mass index at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after transplant were evaluated. Differences between weight (in kilograms) and body mass index (in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) at the first outpatient clinic visit and weight and body mass index at 24 months after transplant were calculated.
Results: The mean age of patients was 46.32 ± 12.39 years. Differences in mean weight and body mass index between the first posttransplant outpatient clinic visit and at month 24 posttransplant were 7.07 ± 7.57 and 2.6 ± 2.37, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found in weight and body mass index at 2 years posttransplant. As age increased, weight gain decreased. Differences in weight gain and body mass index were not significantly associated with sex, presence of chronic diseases, donor type, steroid dose, and self-efficacy.
Conclusions: Kidney transplant recipients in our study population had increased weight and body mass index at 2 years after transplant. Younger kidney transplant recipients had higher weight gains. Therefore, kidney transplant recipients, especially younger ones, should be closely followed in terms of weight gain after transplant.
{"title":"Investigation of Weight Gain and Affecting Factors in Kidney Transplant Recipients in the First 2 Years After Transplant.","authors":"Sedef Selçuk Topbaş, Yaprak Sarıgöl Ordin","doi":"10.6002/ect.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"10.6002/ect.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>It is necessary to examine weight gain and affecting factors after kidney transplant. This study was performed to examine weight gain and affecting factors in kidney transplant recipients in the first 2 years after transplant.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This descriptive cross-sectional study included 139 kidney transplant recipients who were regularly followed by 2 university hospitals in the first 2 years after transplant. Data were collected with the use of a sociodemographic and clinical features' form and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Weight and body mass index at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after transplant were evaluated. Differences between weight (in kilograms) and body mass index (in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) at the first outpatient clinic visit and weight and body mass index at 24 months after transplant were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of patients was 46.32 ± 12.39 years. Differences in mean weight and body mass index between the first posttransplant outpatient clinic visit and at month 24 posttransplant were 7.07 ± 7.57 and 2.6 ± 2.37, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found in weight and body mass index at 2 years posttransplant. As age increased, weight gain decreased. Differences in weight gain and body mass index were not significantly associated with sex, presence of chronic diseases, donor type, steroid dose, and self-efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Kidney transplant recipients in our study population had increased weight and body mass index at 2 years after transplant. Younger kidney transplant recipients had higher weight gains. Therefore, kidney transplant recipients, especially younger ones, should be closely followed in terms of weight gain after transplant.</p>","PeriodicalId":55672,"journal":{"name":"Otkrytoe Obrazovanie Moskva","volume":"1 1","pages":"200-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89939605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.21686/1818-4243-2023-5-13-22
T. G. Nikitina
The paper presents the study of the educational context and its characteristics to achieve the most effective learning process. The aim of the research is to examine the perception of physical space in the traditional classroom and virtual space in online learning. The study of this issue is based on the psychological approach to the perception of virtual space as a model of physical space and on understanding the importance of this research area due to the development of distant forms of learning: though, the problems of virtual space functioning in the perception of students and its impact on learning efficiency still remain unexplored. Meanwhile, understanding the mechanism of space perception can help to adapt the learning process to the form of learning in choice: learning in a traditional classroom, where students work in a real physical space, learning in a virtual environment or in a hybrid form. Materials and methods . The theoretical basis for comparing the characteristics of physical and virtual space is the studies that focus on the importance of spatial organization in the process of learning. The psychological approach to the perception of space makes it possible to rely on the mechanism of transferring the physical characteristics of space into a virtual environment and to determine the possibility of comparison, primarily in an axiological sense. The study was carried out in the context of university education. Students of a higher educational institution were offered a questionnaire, the results of which were processed using a statistical method. Quantitative trends were then interpreted in the application to the learning process. The experiment was carried out in three stages (questionnaire, statistical processing, interpretation of the results), each of which revealed new aspects of the problem under study. Results. The study shows that there is a metaphorization mechanism that allows the learner to perceive the space of the virtual classroom in the same terms as the physical space of the traditional classroom. At the same time, the comparison of statistical data indicates the obvious differences in the perception of the student's space in the traditional and virtual classrooms. This is especially true for such parameters as openness, freedom of movement and the ratio of participants in the educational space, which indicates different learning conditions that determine the choice of teaching methods and techniques in the traditional context and in the virtual educational environment. Discussion of the results of statistical analysis allows us to draw conclusions about the difference of educational potential of the virtual and physical classroom spaces, the importance of socialization and various methods of its creation in the educational process. Conclusion. The conducted research shows the need for further study of space in the educational context, the need to take into account its parameters for developing virtual courses. Al
{"title":"Perception of Space in the Traditional and Virtual Classroom","authors":"T. G. Nikitina","doi":"10.21686/1818-4243-2023-5-13-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2023-5-13-22","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the study of the educational context and its characteristics to achieve the most effective learning process. The aim of the research is to examine the perception of physical space in the traditional classroom and virtual space in online learning. The study of this issue is based on the psychological approach to the perception of virtual space as a model of physical space and on understanding the importance of this research area due to the development of distant forms of learning: though, the problems of virtual space functioning in the perception of students and its impact on learning efficiency still remain unexplored. Meanwhile, understanding the mechanism of space perception can help to adapt the learning process to the form of learning in choice: learning in a traditional classroom, where students work in a real physical space, learning in a virtual environment or in a hybrid form. Materials and methods . The theoretical basis for comparing the characteristics of physical and virtual space is the studies that focus on the importance of spatial organization in the process of learning. The psychological approach to the perception of space makes it possible to rely on the mechanism of transferring the physical characteristics of space into a virtual environment and to determine the possibility of comparison, primarily in an axiological sense. The study was carried out in the context of university education. Students of a higher educational institution were offered a questionnaire, the results of which were processed using a statistical method. Quantitative trends were then interpreted in the application to the learning process. The experiment was carried out in three stages (questionnaire, statistical processing, interpretation of the results), each of which revealed new aspects of the problem under study. Results. The study shows that there is a metaphorization mechanism that allows the learner to perceive the space of the virtual classroom in the same terms as the physical space of the traditional classroom. At the same time, the comparison of statistical data indicates the obvious differences in the perception of the student's space in the traditional and virtual classrooms. This is especially true for such parameters as openness, freedom of movement and the ratio of participants in the educational space, which indicates different learning conditions that determine the choice of teaching methods and techniques in the traditional context and in the virtual educational environment. Discussion of the results of statistical analysis allows us to draw conclusions about the difference of educational potential of the virtual and physical classroom spaces, the importance of socialization and various methods of its creation in the educational process. Conclusion. The conducted research shows the need for further study of space in the educational context, the need to take into account its parameters for developing virtual courses. Al","PeriodicalId":55672,"journal":{"name":"Otkrytoe Obrazovanie Moskva","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.21686/1818-4243-2023-5-33-44
D. A. Vilyavin, N. V. Komleva, N. A. Mamedova, A. I. Urintsov
Purpose of research. The trend of personalization of learning forms a demand for the development and implementation of software tools for processing the digital footprint of the learner, to manage his/her educational trajectory. In combination with decentralized identification technologies, such software tools assume a more active role of the learner in the creation of his/her personal learning trajectory. Additional challenges for the developed software tools are the functional requirement to ensure the independence of learner profile data from individual educational services, while at the same time complying with the standards of information security of working with data. The purpose of this research is to expand the understanding of the possibility of modifying online learning by including distributed solutions in the field of information technology application in education. Materials and methods. The paper describes in detail the solutions developed by the authors for software implementation of a digital profile of learner's competencies - a decentralized application designed to store data of learning activity and confirmed qualifications aggregated from various external educational platforms and services. When forming these solutions, the authors proceeded from the advantages of using a decentralized approach to software development. The methodological basis of the research is represented by a set of approaches and technologies that support the logic of the software development process - distributed registry technology, digital identification approach, credentials storage standard. Results. The authors substantiate the choice of solution for software implementation of digital competence profile: SSI approach will provide decentralized identification of digital footprint data beyond the boundaries of individual educational platforms and services; application of the standard of verifiable VC credentials will create conditions for decentralized storage of learning activity data. The results of the study may be of practical interest for the administration of domestic educational organizations, administration of educational platforms and educational services implementing online learning programs for effective and secure management of each individual student's digital footprint data, creating an individual educational trajectory in his/her interests and confirming competencies. Conclusion. Implementation and scaling of the digital competence profile are aimed at ensuring the identification, safe storage, and effective management of the learner's digital footprint data, which can be used to create an individual learning trajectory. The digital competence profile will allow to realize the function of confirming any forms of activity, the nature of interaction of the learner with the functions of the educational service, as well as allow the learner to control and manage the use of the information placed in the digital profile. As part of the whole,
{"title":"Digital Competence Profiles in Education","authors":"D. A. Vilyavin, N. V. Komleva, N. A. Mamedova, A. I. Urintsov","doi":"10.21686/1818-4243-2023-5-33-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2023-5-33-44","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of research. The trend of personalization of learning forms a demand for the development and implementation of software tools for processing the digital footprint of the learner, to manage his/her educational trajectory. In combination with decentralized identification technologies, such software tools assume a more active role of the learner in the creation of his/her personal learning trajectory. Additional challenges for the developed software tools are the functional requirement to ensure the independence of learner profile data from individual educational services, while at the same time complying with the standards of information security of working with data. The purpose of this research is to expand the understanding of the possibility of modifying online learning by including distributed solutions in the field of information technology application in education. Materials and methods. The paper describes in detail the solutions developed by the authors for software implementation of a digital profile of learner's competencies - a decentralized application designed to store data of learning activity and confirmed qualifications aggregated from various external educational platforms and services. When forming these solutions, the authors proceeded from the advantages of using a decentralized approach to software development. The methodological basis of the research is represented by a set of approaches and technologies that support the logic of the software development process - distributed registry technology, digital identification approach, credentials storage standard. Results. The authors substantiate the choice of solution for software implementation of digital competence profile: SSI approach will provide decentralized identification of digital footprint data beyond the boundaries of individual educational platforms and services; application of the standard of verifiable VC credentials will create conditions for decentralized storage of learning activity data. The results of the study may be of practical interest for the administration of domestic educational organizations, administration of educational platforms and educational services implementing online learning programs for effective and secure management of each individual student's digital footprint data, creating an individual educational trajectory in his/her interests and confirming competencies. Conclusion. Implementation and scaling of the digital competence profile are aimed at ensuring the identification, safe storage, and effective management of the learner's digital footprint data, which can be used to create an individual learning trajectory. The digital competence profile will allow to realize the function of confirming any forms of activity, the nature of interaction of the learner with the functions of the educational service, as well as allow the learner to control and manage the use of the information placed in the digital profile. As part of the whole, ","PeriodicalId":55672,"journal":{"name":"Otkrytoe Obrazovanie Moskva","volume":"7 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.21686/1818-4243-2023-5-23-32
E. Yu. Ermishina, N. A. Naronova, N. N. Kataeva, K. O. Golitsyna, N. A. Belokonova
The purpose of research is to determine directions for optimizing the educational process with the introduction of new methodological approaches. For this purpose, the paper set the tasks to analyze the current methodological aspects of the component of the pedagogical process of teaching chemistry to first-year students of the medical and preventive faculty of the Ural State Medical University (USMU, Yekaterinburg); asess the impact of new methodological approaches in teaching on the performance of students. The discipline “Chemistry” is studied in the first semester, classroom hours for the discipline include lectures (32 hours), practical exercises and laboratory work (34 hours), which are conducted at the department of general chemistry of USMU. Materials and methods. The methodology for teaching chemistry to first-year students of the medical and preventive faculty of USMU (Ekaterinburg) is analyzed. The largest faculty was selected for the study. Over the course of 10 years, during the period of Federal State Educational Standard-3, the number of students at this faculty increased from two streams in the 2012-2013 academic year (300 people) up to four streams in the 2022-2023 academic year (700 people). Attestation in the discipline takes place in the form of a written test with an assessment (exam). Statistical processing of data on exam results and rating scores in the semester was carried out in the Microsoft Excel 2019 program. The obtained indexes are presented as arithmetic mean values and standard error of the mean (M±m). Results. Pearson's r-correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the linear relationship of variables: the percentage of correct answers in the exam ticket, the final student rating in the semester, the exam rating, the certification grade. To test the hypothesis about the effectiveness of the chosen teaching methodology, Pearson's test of agreement (χ2 ) was calculated for the sample size of students (n ≥ 100). The pedagogical process carried out in teaching chemistry to first-year students of the medical and preventive faculty is a complex system that includes target, content, activity, performance, resource components. The activity component of the organization of the pedagogical process was modified as follows: a new form of the examination card was developed, as close as possible to the form of control materials for the unified state exam in chemistry, the structure of the practical lesson was rationalized, and a new laboratory workshop was created and tested. The results of the exam in chemistry were analyzed using Pearson's goodness-of-fit test at a significance level of p<0, 05 in two groups of questions: 1 - on topics covered by a laboratory workshop and 2 - on topics not provided with laboratory work. The rating indexes of students when performing tasks related to the first group of questions are significantly higher than in the second group. ><0,05 in two groups of questions: 1 - on topics covered
{"title":"Optimization of the Pedagogical Process in Teaching Chemistry to First-Year Students of the Ural State Medical University","authors":"E. Yu. Ermishina, N. A. Naronova, N. N. Kataeva, K. O. Golitsyna, N. A. Belokonova","doi":"10.21686/1818-4243-2023-5-23-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2023-5-23-32","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of research is to determine directions for optimizing the educational process with the introduction of new methodological approaches. For this purpose, the paper set the tasks to analyze the current methodological aspects of the component of the pedagogical process of teaching chemistry to first-year students of the medical and preventive faculty of the Ural State Medical University (USMU, Yekaterinburg); asess the impact of new methodological approaches in teaching on the performance of students. The discipline “Chemistry” is studied in the first semester, classroom hours for the discipline include lectures (32 hours), practical exercises and laboratory work (34 hours), which are conducted at the department of general chemistry of USMU. Materials and methods. The methodology for teaching chemistry to first-year students of the medical and preventive faculty of USMU (Ekaterinburg) is analyzed. The largest faculty was selected for the study. Over the course of 10 years, during the period of Federal State Educational Standard-3, the number of students at this faculty increased from two streams in the 2012-2013 academic year (300 people) up to four streams in the 2022-2023 academic year (700 people). Attestation in the discipline takes place in the form of a written test with an assessment (exam). Statistical processing of data on exam results and rating scores in the semester was carried out in the Microsoft Excel 2019 program. The obtained indexes are presented as arithmetic mean values and standard error of the mean (M±m). Results. Pearson's r-correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the linear relationship of variables: the percentage of correct answers in the exam ticket, the final student rating in the semester, the exam rating, the certification grade. To test the hypothesis about the effectiveness of the chosen teaching methodology, Pearson's test of agreement (χ2 ) was calculated for the sample size of students (n ≥ 100). The pedagogical process carried out in teaching chemistry to first-year students of the medical and preventive faculty is a complex system that includes target, content, activity, performance, resource components. The activity component of the organization of the pedagogical process was modified as follows: a new form of the examination card was developed, as close as possible to the form of control materials for the unified state exam in chemistry, the structure of the practical lesson was rationalized, and a new laboratory workshop was created and tested. The results of the exam in chemistry were analyzed using Pearson's goodness-of-fit test at a significance level of p<0, 05 in two groups of questions: 1 - on topics covered by a laboratory workshop and 2 - on topics not provided with laboratory work. The rating indexes of students when performing tasks related to the first group of questions are significantly higher than in the second group. ><0,05 in two groups of questions: 1 - on topics covered ","PeriodicalId":55672,"journal":{"name":"Otkrytoe Obrazovanie Moskva","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135218128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.21686/1818-4243-2023-5-4-12
V. G. Sidorov, G. M. Grinberg, D. A. Barkhatova
Practical training for future engineers is an important and integral part of their education, in which students gain real professional experience. Improving the quality of such training, of course, requires improving laboratory equipment and teaching tools that meet the current level of development of the engineering industry. In these conditions, the modernization of educational stands as prototypes of objects of professional activity is of interest. Analysis and updating of educational demonstration stands will make it possible to bring the learning process closer to the real conditions of the future profession, without leaving the walls of the educational institution. The purpose of the study is to describe the process of modernizing the educational and demonstration stand (using the example of the “8K-14 rocket model” stand) as a way to improve the quality of practical training of future engineering personnel. Materials and methods. The research was carried out as part of a project supported by the Vladimir Potanin scholarship program, starting in 2021. The study involved lecturers and students of the Department of Automatic Control Systems of the Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology. The 8K-14 rocket model was chosen as the subject of modernization, as the most popular and, at the same time, outdated model. The research methods included analysis of psychological, pedagogical and specialized literature, study of the experience of modernizing the stand, and generalization of the results. The main result of the study is to enrich the practice of training future engineering personnel, including the development of several engineering design technologies, and aimed at achieving a single result, in the context of modernization of educational and demonstration stands. Therefore, in the process of updating the “8K-14 rocket model” stand, students use modern material and technical means (LED strips, LEDs, electric motor, color TFT touch display, matrix keyboard, rotary encoder, etc.) and various technologies. One of the microcontrollers of the Arduino platform is used as a control device. The user using a touch screen display, mechanical keyboard, encoder and joystick controls the stand. The display, acting not only as an information display organ, but also as a control element, allows you to introduce additional functionality into the work of the stand related to the capabilities of the programming language, better known as GUI (Graphical User Interface). In addition, in the process of modernizing a stand, students often require additional parts, the implementation of which is realized using 3D printing technology. In conclusion , the experience of the process of modernizing the educational stand “8K-14 rocket model” is summarized as a way to strengthen the practical training of future engineering personnel. The joint work of students and lecturers to modernize educational demonstration means will allow to strengthen the prac
{"title":"Modernization of the Educational Demonstration Stand as A Way to Improve the Quality of Practical Training of Future Engineers","authors":"V. G. Sidorov, G. M. Grinberg, D. A. Barkhatova","doi":"10.21686/1818-4243-2023-5-4-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2023-5-4-12","url":null,"abstract":"Practical training for future engineers is an important and integral part of their education, in which students gain real professional experience. Improving the quality of such training, of course, requires improving laboratory equipment and teaching tools that meet the current level of development of the engineering industry. In these conditions, the modernization of educational stands as prototypes of objects of professional activity is of interest. Analysis and updating of educational demonstration stands will make it possible to bring the learning process closer to the real conditions of the future profession, without leaving the walls of the educational institution. The purpose of the study is to describe the process of modernizing the educational and demonstration stand (using the example of the “8K-14 rocket model” stand) as a way to improve the quality of practical training of future engineering personnel. Materials and methods. The research was carried out as part of a project supported by the Vladimir Potanin scholarship program, starting in 2021. The study involved lecturers and students of the Department of Automatic Control Systems of the Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology. The 8K-14 rocket model was chosen as the subject of modernization, as the most popular and, at the same time, outdated model. The research methods included analysis of psychological, pedagogical and specialized literature, study of the experience of modernizing the stand, and generalization of the results. The main result of the study is to enrich the practice of training future engineering personnel, including the development of several engineering design technologies, and aimed at achieving a single result, in the context of modernization of educational and demonstration stands. Therefore, in the process of updating the “8K-14 rocket model” stand, students use modern material and technical means (LED strips, LEDs, electric motor, color TFT touch display, matrix keyboard, rotary encoder, etc.) and various technologies. One of the microcontrollers of the Arduino platform is used as a control device. The user using a touch screen display, mechanical keyboard, encoder and joystick controls the stand. The display, acting not only as an information display organ, but also as a control element, allows you to introduce additional functionality into the work of the stand related to the capabilities of the programming language, better known as GUI (Graphical User Interface). In addition, in the process of modernizing a stand, students often require additional parts, the implementation of which is realized using 3D printing technology. In conclusion , the experience of the process of modernizing the educational stand “8K-14 rocket model” is summarized as a way to strengthen the practical training of future engineering personnel. The joint work of students and lecturers to modernize educational demonstration means will allow to strengthen the prac","PeriodicalId":55672,"journal":{"name":"Otkrytoe Obrazovanie Moskva","volume":"5 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135218119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.21686/1818-4243-2023-5-45-56
S. I. Neizvestny, B. B. Slavin, Kh. Kh. Kuchmezov
Relevance of the study. Any industrial revolution, any global innovation faces resistance caused by the fundamental properties of the human psyche – a wary attitude to change, fear of introducing innovations, distrust of future uncertainty. The modern stage of society's development is no exception – the transition to digitalization, which has caused hidden and sometimes open Luddism. The purpose of the study is to investigate and analyze trends in managerial thinking in the era of digitalization. In the current business environment, the pressing issue seems to be how to overcome misunderstandings and counteraction to everything that digitalization entails? The results of the study. Analysis of the best global and national practices of digital transformation shows that in order to reduce internal transaction costs, resistance to innovation, it is necessary first to change the way of thinking of enterprise management, business management. The paper briefly discusses the main trends in the management thought of project activities in recent years. It is shown that during the peak of attention to automation information technologies, management efforts were directed to assessing the quality of the final result of the project. The next stage of the analyzed period is characterized by a shift of attention to the quality of processes. And recent trends show the concentration of organizational and methodological resources primarily on the quality of competence of participants in the processes of project activity. In this trend, there has recently been a need to shift attention from technical and contextual competencies (IQ) to behavioral (EQ).
{"title":"Andragogy of the Transformation of Thinking in Management in the Digital Age","authors":"S. I. Neizvestny, B. B. Slavin, Kh. Kh. Kuchmezov","doi":"10.21686/1818-4243-2023-5-45-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2023-5-45-56","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance of the study. Any industrial revolution, any global innovation faces resistance caused by the fundamental properties of the human psyche – a wary attitude to change, fear of introducing innovations, distrust of future uncertainty. The modern stage of society's development is no exception – the transition to digitalization, which has caused hidden and sometimes open Luddism. The purpose of the study is to investigate and analyze trends in managerial thinking in the era of digitalization. In the current business environment, the pressing issue seems to be how to overcome misunderstandings and counteraction to everything that digitalization entails? The results of the study. Analysis of the best global and national practices of digital transformation shows that in order to reduce internal transaction costs, resistance to innovation, it is necessary first to change the way of thinking of enterprise management, business management. The paper briefly discusses the main trends in the management thought of project activities in recent years. It is shown that during the peak of attention to automation information technologies, management efforts were directed to assessing the quality of the final result of the project. The next stage of the analyzed period is characterized by a shift of attention to the quality of processes. And recent trends show the concentration of organizational and methodological resources primarily on the quality of competence of participants in the processes of project activity. In this trend, there has recently been a need to shift attention from technical and contextual competencies (IQ) to behavioral (EQ).","PeriodicalId":55672,"journal":{"name":"Otkrytoe Obrazovanie Moskva","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136077364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.21686/1818-4243-2023-4-42-51
A. Kh. Shelepaeva
Purpose of research. The higher education system is undergoing changes under the influence of an increasing number of IT solutions used. Transformation changes take place at the organizational, technological, legal, and regulatory levels of management. Each of the directions affects the features of the functioning and development of the higher education system. In the process of their implementation, there are also deviations, risks that need to be, if not eliminated, then at least minimized. The article describes four main directions of development: technical, technological, instrumental, and educational. The types of risks associated with each of the described areas are also highlighted. Materials and methods. A set of methods was used in the paper: bibliographic (selection of articles by keywords); bibliometric (quantitative characteristics by time parameters); content analysis (method of studying the content of articles); evaluation of keyword queries using Internet services. Results. An analysis of queries by keywords showed that interest in the issues of digitalization and digital transformation of higher education arose later than in the system of general secondary education. There is a tendency to adapt successful models of digitalization of secondary education and business areas to the activities of the higher education system. Without considering the peculiarities of the functioning and development of the higher education system, we can get negative consequences expressed in different types of risks. The paper highlights financial, form-major, technological, operational, strategic, cognitive, and social risks. Conclusion. One of the key problems highlighted in the process of analyzing developments in the field of digital transformation of the education system is the consideration of digitalization as means, and not as a catalyst for systemic changes in all areas of activity. Point solutions will not allow you to fully realize the potential of digital solutions. When considering the problems of digitalization and digital transformation, higher education systems are often guided by successful models in the field of secondary general education and / or business environment, which can contribute to the formation of negative consequences when adapting approaches without considering their own specifics.
{"title":"Digital Transformation of the Higher Education System: Directions and Risks","authors":"A. Kh. Shelepaeva","doi":"10.21686/1818-4243-2023-4-42-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2023-4-42-51","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of research. The higher education system is undergoing changes under the influence of an increasing number of IT solutions used. Transformation changes take place at the organizational, technological, legal, and regulatory levels of management. Each of the directions affects the features of the functioning and development of the higher education system. In the process of their implementation, there are also deviations, risks that need to be, if not eliminated, then at least minimized. The article describes four main directions of development: technical, technological, instrumental, and educational. The types of risks associated with each of the described areas are also highlighted. Materials and methods. A set of methods was used in the paper: bibliographic (selection of articles by keywords); bibliometric (quantitative characteristics by time parameters); content analysis (method of studying the content of articles); evaluation of keyword queries using Internet services. Results. An analysis of queries by keywords showed that interest in the issues of digitalization and digital transformation of higher education arose later than in the system of general secondary education. There is a tendency to adapt successful models of digitalization of secondary education and business areas to the activities of the higher education system. Without considering the peculiarities of the functioning and development of the higher education system, we can get negative consequences expressed in different types of risks. The paper highlights financial, form-major, technological, operational, strategic, cognitive, and social risks. Conclusion. One of the key problems highlighted in the process of analyzing developments in the field of digital transformation of the education system is the consideration of digitalization as means, and not as a catalyst for systemic changes in all areas of activity. Point solutions will not allow you to fully realize the potential of digital solutions. When considering the problems of digitalization and digital transformation, higher education systems are often guided by successful models in the field of secondary general education and / or business environment, which can contribute to the formation of negative consequences when adapting approaches without considering their own specifics.","PeriodicalId":55672,"journal":{"name":"Otkrytoe Obrazovanie Moskva","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135891467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-10DOI: 10.21686/1818-4243-2018-5-74-83
N. Avdeeva, T. Blinova, I. Gruzdev, V. M. Ledovskaya, G. Lobanova, I. Sus
The aim of the research . The determination of the permissible amount of non-original text in the automated verification of scientific documents for plagiarism has become a new, but already common phenomenon in Russia. The experience with the use of threshold values shows that it may have different effects on the final quality of such documents and therefore needs special consideration. The purpose of the article is to study the positive and negative consequences of using the allowable amount of borrowing. Methods and materials. Studying local normative acts, issued by national higher education institutions and the analysis of the results of anti-plagiarism tests carried out at the Russian State Library for research documents revealed certain peculiarities of application of the “threshold levels”. The results. The “threshold levels” usage would doubtlessly simplify the treatment of the plagiarism test results. In addition, authors of research works obtain a certain stimulus to more careful and thorough work over their papers, lecturers and academic advisors could detect compilation texts far easier than ever before. Meanwhile different organizations set different frames for volumes of borrowings when the same type of research work being considered, and there can be found no grounds related to the branches of science. The introduction of the restrictions on the amount of borrowing does not change the current Copyright legislation of the Russian Federation, nor does it make plagiarism legitimate. In that respect a matter of a particular importance turns out to explain to students and postgraduates the main principles of scientific ethics and of the specific features of the plagiarism tests. A significant negative consequence of using the allowable amount of borrowing is that in different organizations the same text can be evaluated quite differently. The diversity of concepts of the admissible amount of borrowings makes it hard to compare the results of the plagiarism tests carried out at different establishments and determining a final level for the text quality. The admissible amount of borrowings would often correspond to the demand to quote other publications in the volumes justified by the aims of the quotation. The problems emerge when the number of the correct quotations satisfies the demand but their total volume exceeds the set frames. Another possible problem comes when the part of the borrowings fits those frames while the appropriateness of quotations remains questionable. The data on the borrowed volumes received by the primary computer plagiarism test cannot be considered objective if the volume of text taken by one author from another one’s work is viewed. To detect the degree of borrowings (either correct or incorrect) the report of the system on each of the documents is to be verified by the specialist. Since the year of 2009, the Russian State Library (RSL) has carried out over 4,000 plagiarism tests with usage of specialized sof
{"title":"The admissible amount of borrowings as a problem of organization of research work and of quality control","authors":"N. Avdeeva, T. Blinova, I. Gruzdev, V. M. Ledovskaya, G. Lobanova, I. Sus","doi":"10.21686/1818-4243-2018-5-74-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2018-5-74-83","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research . The determination of the permissible amount of non-original text in the automated verification of scientific documents for plagiarism has become a new, but already common phenomenon in Russia. The experience with the use of threshold values shows that it may have different effects on the final quality of such documents and therefore needs special consideration. The purpose of the article is to study the positive and negative consequences of using the allowable amount of borrowing. Methods and materials. Studying local normative acts, issued by national higher education institutions and the analysis of the results of anti-plagiarism tests carried out at the Russian State Library for research documents revealed certain peculiarities of application of the “threshold levels”. The results. The “threshold levels” usage would doubtlessly simplify the treatment of the plagiarism test results. In addition, authors of research works obtain a certain stimulus to more careful and thorough work over their papers, lecturers and academic advisors could detect compilation texts far easier than ever before. Meanwhile different organizations set different frames for volumes of borrowings when the same type of research work being considered, and there can be found no grounds related to the branches of science. The introduction of the restrictions on the amount of borrowing does not change the current Copyright legislation of the Russian Federation, nor does it make plagiarism legitimate. In that respect a matter of a particular importance turns out to explain to students and postgraduates the main principles of scientific ethics and of the specific features of the plagiarism tests. A significant negative consequence of using the allowable amount of borrowing is that in different organizations the same text can be evaluated quite differently. The diversity of concepts of the admissible amount of borrowings makes it hard to compare the results of the plagiarism tests carried out at different establishments and determining a final level for the text quality. The admissible amount of borrowings would often correspond to the demand to quote other publications in the volumes justified by the aims of the quotation. The problems emerge when the number of the correct quotations satisfies the demand but their total volume exceeds the set frames. Another possible problem comes when the part of the borrowings fits those frames while the appropriateness of quotations remains questionable. The data on the borrowed volumes received by the primary computer plagiarism test cannot be considered objective if the volume of text taken by one author from another one’s work is viewed. To detect the degree of borrowings (either correct or incorrect) the report of the system on each of the documents is to be verified by the specialist. Since the year of 2009, the Russian State Library (RSL) has carried out over 4,000 plagiarism tests with usage of specialized sof","PeriodicalId":55672,"journal":{"name":"Otkrytoe Obrazovanie Moskva","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67901865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-10DOI: 10.21686/1818-4243-2018-5-52-64
A. Aleshchenko, V. Trembach, Т. G. Trembach
The aim of the study is electronic learning systems. They refer to organizational and technical systems and use different approaches and technologies to solve learning problems. In modern conditions, education is becoming one of the main factors for the successful development of countries with the developed economies. Knowledge is beginning to occupy key positions in the life of these countries. Specialists, who have received professional education and want to improve their level of knowledge, are the key resource of the economy. Lifelong education has become a necessary and increasingly dominant element of modern educational systems. Modern distance learning systems are used to solve these problems. The paper deals with electronic distance learning systems and explores the possibility of using cognitive mechanisms for the development of educational technologies.Materials and methods. Ongoing education requires new approaches and technologies that fit well into distance learning systems. These systems use the following approaches and technologies: service-oriented architectures, cloud technologies and virtualization, intelligent dynamic systems, multi-agent systems, ontologies, evolving knowledge. The authors use machine learning technologies and agent-oriented approach to apply cognitive mechanisms. Integrated methods of knowledge representation are used to describe the reality. Using these approaches and methods, the authors consider the development and construction of modules of intelligent learning systems with the integration of computer paradigm and cognitive mechanisms.Results.The article presents an example of the development and use of educational resources for learning a foreign language in a technical University. The electronic course is created in the distance learning system Moodle. The result of testing students after studying the definite topic is shown. The article considers the structure of hardware and software modules for the formation of concepts from the sensual images of objects and phenomena of reality. Hardware-software modules are presented, which are necessary for the formation of concepts-representations from a variety of sensory mappings of control actions. A demo example of the formation of the concept scenarios and a fragment of the knowledge base containing the generated concept scenario are given.Conclusion.The use of distance learning system Moodle allows students to work out the current material of the course. This material can be worked out by students independently and repeatedly, till their full understanding and achievements of skill. Testing after each studied topic allows assessing the level of knowledge and the success of the current training of the definite course units. The considered approaches for the formation of concepts-representations and concepts-scenarios open up opportunities for the use of cognitive mechanisms. These approaches make it possible to use generalized knowledge in intelligent system
{"title":"Distance Learning Systems and thei Development Using the Cognitive Mechanisms","authors":"A. Aleshchenko, V. Trembach, Т. G. Trembach","doi":"10.21686/1818-4243-2018-5-52-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2018-5-52-64","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is electronic learning systems. They refer to organizational and technical systems and use different approaches and technologies to solve learning problems. In modern conditions, education is becoming one of the main factors for the successful development of countries with the developed economies. Knowledge is beginning to occupy key positions in the life of these countries. Specialists, who have received professional education and want to improve their level of knowledge, are the key resource of the economy. Lifelong education has become a necessary and increasingly dominant element of modern educational systems. Modern distance learning systems are used to solve these problems. The paper deals with electronic distance learning systems and explores the possibility of using cognitive mechanisms for the development of educational technologies.Materials and methods. Ongoing education requires new approaches and technologies that fit well into distance learning systems. These systems use the following approaches and technologies: service-oriented architectures, cloud technologies and virtualization, intelligent dynamic systems, multi-agent systems, ontologies, evolving knowledge. The authors use machine learning technologies and agent-oriented approach to apply cognitive mechanisms. Integrated methods of knowledge representation are used to describe the reality. Using these approaches and methods, the authors consider the development and construction of modules of intelligent learning systems with the integration of computer paradigm and cognitive mechanisms.Results.The article presents an example of the development and use of educational resources for learning a foreign language in a technical University. The electronic course is created in the distance learning system Moodle. The result of testing students after studying the definite topic is shown. The article considers the structure of hardware and software modules for the formation of concepts from the sensual images of objects and phenomena of reality. Hardware-software modules are presented, which are necessary for the formation of concepts-representations from a variety of sensory mappings of control actions. A demo example of the formation of the concept scenarios and a fragment of the knowledge base containing the generated concept scenario are given.Conclusion.The use of distance learning system Moodle allows students to work out the current material of the course. This material can be worked out by students independently and repeatedly, till their full understanding and achievements of skill. Testing after each studied topic allows assessing the level of knowledge and the success of the current training of the definite course units. The considered approaches for the formation of concepts-representations and concepts-scenarios open up opportunities for the use of cognitive mechanisms. These approaches make it possible to use generalized knowledge in intelligent system","PeriodicalId":55672,"journal":{"name":"Otkrytoe Obrazovanie Moskva","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67901707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-28DOI: 10.21686/1818-4243-2018-4-4-11
O. Stukach, A. Mirmanov
Modern graduates need to work with electronic devices. On laboratory work, students conduct experiments to solve practical problems of researching real problems that arise in the design and operation of electronic devices. However, the shortage of laboratory equipment and assistants for maintenance and assistance in work, its high cost reduce the quality of laboratory work. On the other hand, modern education is increasingly using a network resource. Virtual laboratories have their advantages, but even when carrying out a physical experiment in them, the sense of the reality of what is happening disappears. Effective solutions to the effectiveness and quality of conducting laboratory exercises can be found using a system of virtual instruments that can be accessed via the Internet or directly at the university.The aim of the research is to show, by the example of one experimental device made on the National Instruments ELVIS platform, the advantages of a combined approach to learning – a successful combination of a virtual resource and a real physical experiment. The laboratory model described in the article is very practical for studying radio-engineering devices, and it can ideologically serve as a basis for other similar developments.The research was based on the prototype board for studying the basics of analog electronics for the NI ELVIS workstation, the cycle of laboratory work on the general technical discipline “Electronics”, the results of their protection, and the results of intermediate student controls. In work the following methods are used: laboratory experiment, modeling, pedagogical testing. The results of the research show that students feel the need for more knowledge about real processes and systems. This need is most evident in the direction of the preparation of bachelors of engineering and technology. They expect from a laboratory work a real physical experiment, but with the convenience of computer-processing results. A new paradigm for studying radio electronic devices, based on physical experiments in a virtual instrument system gives an improvement in the quality of instruction and allows students to study the circuitry of analog devices more effectively. The ideology of virtual instruments leads to more motivation for students; they gain skills to work with modern measuring equipment and at the same time communication skills in a group, as the computer resource is used as a research tool, not the purpose of learning.A physical experiment, using virtual measuring instruments, accessibility and mobility of laboratory facilities, additional motivation of students are the main advantages of using the NI ELVIS hardware and software platform with a specialized breadboard model in the educational process.
{"title":"Integrative Approach to Teaching of the Circuit Design of Analog Electron Devices in the NI ELVIS Platform","authors":"O. Stukach, A. Mirmanov","doi":"10.21686/1818-4243-2018-4-4-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2018-4-4-11","url":null,"abstract":"Modern graduates need to work with electronic devices. On laboratory work, students conduct experiments to solve practical problems of researching real problems that arise in the design and operation of electronic devices. However, the shortage of laboratory equipment and assistants for maintenance and assistance in work, its high cost reduce the quality of laboratory work. On the other hand, modern education is increasingly using a network resource. Virtual laboratories have their advantages, but even when carrying out a physical experiment in them, the sense of the reality of what is happening disappears. Effective solutions to the effectiveness and quality of conducting laboratory exercises can be found using a system of virtual instruments that can be accessed via the Internet or directly at the university.The aim of the research is to show, by the example of one experimental device made on the National Instruments ELVIS platform, the advantages of a combined approach to learning – a successful combination of a virtual resource and a real physical experiment. The laboratory model described in the article is very practical for studying radio-engineering devices, and it can ideologically serve as a basis for other similar developments.The research was based on the prototype board for studying the basics of analog electronics for the NI ELVIS workstation, the cycle of laboratory work on the general technical discipline “Electronics”, the results of their protection, and the results of intermediate student controls. In work the following methods are used: laboratory experiment, modeling, pedagogical testing. The results of the research show that students feel the need for more knowledge about real processes and systems. This need is most evident in the direction of the preparation of bachelors of engineering and technology. They expect from a laboratory work a real physical experiment, but with the convenience of computer-processing results. A new paradigm for studying radio electronic devices, based on physical experiments in a virtual instrument system gives an improvement in the quality of instruction and allows students to study the circuitry of analog devices more effectively. The ideology of virtual instruments leads to more motivation for students; they gain skills to work with modern measuring equipment and at the same time communication skills in a group, as the computer resource is used as a research tool, not the purpose of learning.A physical experiment, using virtual measuring instruments, accessibility and mobility of laboratory facilities, additional motivation of students are the main advantages of using the NI ELVIS hardware and software platform with a specialized breadboard model in the educational process.","PeriodicalId":55672,"journal":{"name":"Otkrytoe Obrazovanie Moskva","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67900848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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