Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20187
J. Jumadi, A. Kamari, Nurulsaidah Abdul Rahim, Norjan Yusof, I. W. Sutapa, Sunardi Sunardi
In the present study, ferrihydrite-chitosan nanocomposite (FCN) was successfully produced by co-precipitation method and used for the first time as a recyclable flocculant for pre-treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME). The physicochemical properties of FCN were studied using Raman spectrometer, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Thermogravimetric Analyser (TGA). The feasibility of FCN to remove total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and, oil and grease (O&G) from POME was investigated using a jar test method. The optimum conditions for contaminant removal from POME were determined by varying the experimental parameters such as flocculant dosage, solution pH and settling time. The results obtained showed that FCN, at a dosage of 1.5 g/L, a contact time of 60 min and pH of 5.0 gave a highest reduction of turbidity, TSS, COD and O&G levels by 72.38%, 77.32%, 71.60% and 53.40%, respectively. Besides that, FCN exhibited a better flocculation performance as compared to alum and chitosan. After three cycles of flocculation/deflocculation process, FCN retained satisfying flocculation efficiency and flocculants recovery in the range of 80-83% and 43.2-78.6%, respectively. Combination of charge neutralisation and polymer bridging was the main key mechanism of interaction between FCN and POME contaminants. The synergy effect between iron oxide/oxyhydroxide nanoparticle and chitosan has increased the physicochemical properties and flocculation performance of the FCN nanocomposite. Overall, FCN nanocomposite can be used an alternative flocculant for POME treatment.
{"title":"FERRIHYDRITE-CHITOSAN NANOCOMPOSITE AS A RECYCLABLE FLOCCULANT FOR PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT","authors":"J. Jumadi, A. Kamari, Nurulsaidah Abdul Rahim, Norjan Yusof, I. W. Sutapa, Sunardi Sunardi","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20187","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, ferrihydrite-chitosan nanocomposite (FCN) was successfully produced by co-precipitation method and used for the first time as a recyclable flocculant for pre-treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME). The physicochemical properties of FCN were studied using Raman spectrometer, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Thermogravimetric Analyser (TGA). The feasibility of FCN to remove total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and, oil and grease (O&G) from POME was investigated using a jar test method. The optimum conditions for contaminant removal from POME were determined by varying the experimental parameters such as flocculant dosage, solution pH and settling time. The results obtained showed that FCN, at a dosage of 1.5 g/L, a contact time of 60 min and pH of 5.0 gave a highest reduction of turbidity, TSS, COD and O&G levels by 72.38%, 77.32%, 71.60% and 53.40%, respectively. Besides that, FCN exhibited a better flocculation performance as compared to alum and chitosan. After three cycles of flocculation/deflocculation process, FCN retained satisfying flocculation efficiency and flocculants recovery in the range of 80-83% and 43.2-78.6%, respectively. Combination of charge neutralisation and polymer bridging was the main key mechanism of interaction between FCN and POME contaminants. The synergy effect between iron oxide/oxyhydroxide nanoparticle and chitosan has increased the physicochemical properties and flocculation performance of the FCN nanocomposite. Overall, FCN nanocomposite can be used an alternative flocculant for POME treatment.","PeriodicalId":55763,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140506100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.19389
Sri Martini, M. Mardwita, Sharmeen Afroze, Eka Sri Yusmartini, Dian Kharismadewi
This review particularly discusses current development of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride)-based membrane technology for wastewater purification in terms of the potentiality, various fabrication techniques and specific fouling mitigation. Firstly, membrane technology for treating industrial wastewater and other polluted water is presented properly. In this section, essential aspects in membrane technology such as membrane usage in wastewater treatment field, fouling phenomena, fouling characteristics, and its mechanism would be explained. The second part then includes PVDF polymer, the utilization of conventional and green solvents used in membrane fabrication process as well as prominent methods available for fabricating PVDF-based membranes. Ultimately, the last section critically covers fouling mitigation efforts covering two prominent strategies namely additive blending and surface coating using novel substances as reported in current literature. Although some research related to the preparation of membrane materials has existed in the literature, there are still several challenging issues that need to be critically discussed deeper for establishing a reliable PVDF-based membrane and modifying the membrane for obtaining better properties of permeate flux, selectivity and anti-fouling leading to better membrane performance for purifying industrial wastewater containing high concentration of recalcitrant organic and inorganic pollutants. Overall, this review will considerately contribute to understand membrane fabrication and current surface modification as part of possible dependable loopholes for reducing fouling rate especially on PVDF-based membranes, and it will be a strong foundation for future research regarding the fabrication of polymeric membrane derived from PVDF having better durability and antifouling property.
{"title":"THE USE OF PVDF-BASED MEMBRANE FOR TREATING INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF FABRICATION TECHNIQUE AND FOULING MITIGATION VIA ADDITIVE BLENDING AND SURFACE COATING","authors":"Sri Martini, M. Mardwita, Sharmeen Afroze, Eka Sri Yusmartini, Dian Kharismadewi","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.19389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.19389","url":null,"abstract":"This review particularly discusses current development of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride)-based membrane technology for wastewater purification in terms of the potentiality, various fabrication techniques and specific fouling mitigation. Firstly, membrane technology for treating industrial wastewater and other polluted water is presented properly. In this section, essential aspects in membrane technology such as membrane usage in wastewater treatment field, fouling phenomena, fouling characteristics, and its mechanism would be explained. The second part then includes PVDF polymer, the utilization of conventional and green solvents used in membrane fabrication process as well as prominent methods available for fabricating PVDF-based membranes. Ultimately, the last section critically covers fouling mitigation efforts covering two prominent strategies namely additive blending and surface coating using novel substances as reported in current literature. Although some research related to the preparation of membrane materials has existed in the literature, there are still several challenging issues that need to be critically discussed deeper for establishing a reliable PVDF-based membrane and modifying the membrane for obtaining better properties of permeate flux, selectivity and anti-fouling leading to better membrane performance for purifying industrial wastewater containing high concentration of recalcitrant organic and inorganic pollutants. Overall, this review will considerately contribute to understand membrane fabrication and current surface modification as part of possible dependable loopholes for reducing fouling rate especially on PVDF-based membranes, and it will be a strong foundation for future research regarding the fabrication of polymeric membrane derived from PVDF having better durability and antifouling property.","PeriodicalId":55763,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi","volume":"1 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140506322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20656
Md. Nazmul Hassan, Sharmin Reza Chowdhury, R. I. Shuvo
Nowadays, buildings often feature irregular floor plans for functional, aesthetic, or economic reasons. Constructing earthquake-resistant structures in seismic areas, especially with irregular shapes like re-entrant corners, poses challenges. Such corners are common when maximizing limited space is a priority. In earthquakes, re-entrant corners in structures pose major vulnerabilities, causing stress concentration and torsion problems. The main aim of this paper is to develop finite element structural analysis models of 10, 12, and 15-storied L-shaped RC buildings with a re-entrant corner under different seismic zones using equivalent static analysis (ESA) and response spectrum analysis (RSA). This research also focuses on the overall behavior of analysis results (story drift, overturning moment, base shear, etc.) with the influence of re-entrant corner. It also investigates the performance of columns and beams near re-entrant corners as the number of stories increases in different seismic zones. For the current study, ETABS V19 is used. Models consider seismic, dead, and live loads. The Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) 2020 is used to examine the equivalent static analysis (ESA) and the response spectrum analysis (RSA) methods. It has been concluded from the study that re-entrant corner beams consistently exhibit the highest bending moments and torsion levels across all seismic zones. Similarly, re-entrant corner columns consistently demand the most axial force and rebar when compared to similar column types. Furthermore, the study identifies maximum stress levels in re-entrant corner slabs across all seismic zones.
{"title":"SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF MULTI-STORIED RC BUILDING WITH RE-ENTRANT CORNER","authors":"Md. Nazmul Hassan, Sharmin Reza Chowdhury, R. I. Shuvo","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20656","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, buildings often feature irregular floor plans for functional, aesthetic, or economic reasons. Constructing earthquake-resistant structures in seismic areas, especially with irregular shapes like re-entrant corners, poses challenges. Such corners are common when maximizing limited space is a priority. In earthquakes, re-entrant corners in structures pose major vulnerabilities, causing stress concentration and torsion problems. The main aim of this paper is to develop finite element structural analysis models of 10, 12, and 15-storied L-shaped RC buildings with a re-entrant corner under different seismic zones using equivalent static analysis (ESA) and response spectrum analysis (RSA). This research also focuses on the overall behavior of analysis results (story drift, overturning moment, base shear, etc.) with the influence of re-entrant corner. It also investigates the performance of columns and beams near re-entrant corners as the number of stories increases in different seismic zones. For the current study, ETABS V19 is used. Models consider seismic, dead, and live loads. The Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) 2020 is used to examine the equivalent static analysis (ESA) and the response spectrum analysis (RSA) methods. It has been concluded from the study that re-entrant corner beams consistently exhibit the highest bending moments and torsion levels across all seismic zones. Similarly, re-entrant corner columns consistently demand the most axial force and rebar when compared to similar column types. Furthermore, the study identifies maximum stress levels in re-entrant corner slabs across all seismic zones.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":55763,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140506275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20888
Hotaf Hassan Makki, N. R. Jaafar, Roshanida A. Rahman, Z. Rahmat, Ni Nyoman Tri Puspaningsih, Rosli Md Illias
The efficiency of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) is mainly affected by the strength and binding site of the formed linkages between the enzyme and cross-linker. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of different macromolecular cross-linkers on various functional groups, their binding energy, and intermolecular interaction in generating CLEAs of endolevanase from Bacillus lehensis G1 (rlevblg1), through the combination of computational and experimental analysis. Due to the distanced bonding of dextran from the active site, rlevblg1 cross-linked with dextran (rlevblg1-dex-CLEAs) exhibited the highest binding affinity (− 7.1 kcal/mol) and activity recovery compared to six other cross-linkers. Thus, the role of computational cross-linker screening is confirmed as a crucial step to predict strong attachment and construct efficient CLEAs.
{"title":"PROTEIN INTERACTION STUDIES OF CROSS-LINKED ENDOLEVANASE AGGREGATES FROM BACILLUS LEHENSIS G1","authors":"Hotaf Hassan Makki, N. R. Jaafar, Roshanida A. Rahman, Z. Rahmat, Ni Nyoman Tri Puspaningsih, Rosli Md Illias","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20888","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) is mainly affected by the strength and binding site of the formed linkages between the enzyme and cross-linker. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of different macromolecular cross-linkers on various functional groups, their binding energy, and intermolecular interaction in generating CLEAs of endolevanase from Bacillus lehensis G1 (rlevblg1), through the combination of computational and experimental analysis. Due to the distanced bonding of dextran from the active site, rlevblg1 cross-linked with dextran (rlevblg1-dex-CLEAs) exhibited the highest binding affinity (− 7.1 kcal/mol) and activity recovery compared to six other cross-linkers. Thus, the role of computational cross-linker screening is confirmed as a crucial step to predict strong attachment and construct efficient CLEAs.","PeriodicalId":55763,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140506121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20213
S. T. S. Wong, A. Kamari, Siti Najiah Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Zobir Hussein, Hidayatulfathi Othman, S. Mustafar, Adulsman Sukkaew, Is Fatimah
Magnetic nanoparticles have evolved over the last few decades as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems for hydrophobic drugs. Here, novel gellan gum magnetic graphene oxide (GG-GO-Fe3O4) and pectin magnetic graphene oxide (PEC-GO-Fe3O4) nanocomposites were prepared to carry cinnamaldehyde to control Aedes aegypti larvae. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) were employed to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of the nanocomposites. Entrapment efficiencies and loading capacities of nanocomposites on cinnamaldehyde were examined using ultraviolet-visible analysis. The successful cinnamaldehyde loading was confirmed by C-C and C-O stretches in the FTIR spectra. Results of in vitro release study showed the capabilities of GG-GO-Fe3O4 as a drug carrier system, extending the cinnamaldehyde release period for 36 h, and the release profiles for both nanocomposites fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model with correlation coefficient (R2) values of over 0.9809. The cinnamaldehyde-loaded GG-GO-Fe3O4 nanocomposites induced 68% mortality after 72 h of exposure, with LC50 values ranging from 2.0488 and 15.9121 mg/L. The conjugation of GO-Fe3O4 with biopolymers improved the water solubility of cinnamaldehyde by 36.41 to 62.83 times vs. free cinnamaldehyde in water (1.42 mg/mL). Overall, these results are beneficial for researchers dealing with mosquito control and prevention.
{"title":"GELLAN GUM- AND PECTIN-MAGNETIC GRAPHENE OXIDE NANOCARRIERS LOADED WITH CINNAMALDEHYDE FOR MOSQUITO LARVAE CONTROL","authors":"S. T. S. Wong, A. Kamari, Siti Najiah Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Zobir Hussein, Hidayatulfathi Othman, S. Mustafar, Adulsman Sukkaew, Is Fatimah","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20213","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Magnetic nanoparticles have evolved over the last few decades as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems for hydrophobic drugs. Here, novel gellan gum magnetic graphene oxide (GG-GO-Fe3O4) and pectin magnetic graphene oxide (PEC-GO-Fe3O4) nanocomposites were prepared to carry cinnamaldehyde to control Aedes aegypti larvae. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) were employed to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of the nanocomposites. Entrapment efficiencies and loading capacities of nanocomposites on cinnamaldehyde were examined using ultraviolet-visible analysis. The successful cinnamaldehyde loading was confirmed by C-C and C-O stretches in the FTIR spectra. Results of in vitro release study showed the capabilities of GG-GO-Fe3O4 as a drug carrier system, extending the cinnamaldehyde release period for 36 h, and the release profiles for both nanocomposites fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model with correlation coefficient (R2) values of over 0.9809. The cinnamaldehyde-loaded GG-GO-Fe3O4 nanocomposites induced 68% mortality after 72 h of exposure, with LC50 values ranging from 2.0488 and 15.9121 mg/L. The conjugation of GO-Fe3O4 with biopolymers improved the water solubility of cinnamaldehyde by 36.41 to 62.83 times vs. free cinnamaldehyde in water (1.42 mg/mL). Overall, these results are beneficial for researchers dealing with mosquito control and prevention.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":55763,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi","volume":"54 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140505670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20563
A. Y. Obaid, Riyadh A. AlSamarai, Saad R. Ahmed, Y. Al-Douri
Many hardening methods have been developed and proposed as an effective technology to produce microstructural modification and improvement of mechanical properties of variety metallic materials. In this experimental study, the effects of applying laser peening (LP) and friction stir processing (FSP) methods on wear resistance and fatigue properties of selected cast iron ASTM A536, grade (80-55-06) with ferrite/pearlite microstructure were investigated. Microscopic study revealed evident refinement and crashing of graphite nodules as 50% of the basic size with FSP and 32% with LP within the processed surfaces hence improving average microhardness by 100% and 48% respectively. The wear resistance and fatigue life were increased by 33% and 122% after FSP whereas, the corresponding increments were 15% and 22% after LP in comparison with the basic ductile iron. These improvements were linked to surface hardening, compressive stresses and structural modification by the employed processes.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF HARDENING TECHNIQUES ON WEAR RESISTANCE AND FATIGUE LIFE OF DUCTILE CAST IRON","authors":"A. Y. Obaid, Riyadh A. AlSamarai, Saad R. Ahmed, Y. Al-Douri","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20563","url":null,"abstract":"Many hardening methods have been developed and proposed as an effective technology to produce microstructural modification and improvement of mechanical properties of variety metallic materials. In this experimental study, the effects of applying laser peening (LP) and friction stir processing (FSP) methods on wear resistance and fatigue properties of selected cast iron ASTM A536, grade (80-55-06) with ferrite/pearlite microstructure were investigated. Microscopic study revealed evident refinement and crashing of graphite nodules as 50% of the basic size with FSP and 32% with LP within the processed surfaces hence improving average microhardness by 100% and 48% respectively. The wear resistance and fatigue life were increased by 33% and 122% after FSP whereas, the corresponding increments were 15% and 22% after LP in comparison with the basic ductile iron. These improvements were linked to surface hardening, compressive stresses and structural modification by the employed processes.","PeriodicalId":55763,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140508500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.19963
B. A. Harsojuwono, Wayan Arnata, A. Hartiati, Ida Bagus, Wayan Gunam, Y. Setiyo
The purpose of the study was to determine the type of molding material and the sealing temperature in the formation of ecofriendly plastic bags made from a Modified Starch – Glucomannan – Polyvinyl Alcohol – Polycaprolactone (MSGPVAPCL) biothermoplastic composites. The study used a factorial randomized block design experiment. Factor 1: the type of molding material consists of Teflon and acrylic while factoring 2: the sealing temperature with levels of 90, 95, 100, 105, and 110 °C. Mechanical, physical, biological and chemical characteristics were observed. The research results show that the type of teflon molding material and the sealing temperature of 105°C gave the best characteristics of ecofriendly plastic bags with a tensile strength value of 28.62 MPa, elongation at break of 8.68%, Young's modulus 449.44 MPa, a heat seal tensile strength on the bag handle of 6.10 N, a heat seal tensile strength on the bag bottom of 4.10 N, tear strength direction longitudinally of 3.61 N, transverse tear strength of 1.78 N, WVTR of 91.23 g/m2/day, swelling of 5.31% and biodegradation time of 7.00 days, the maximum evaporation temperature of 72.43 °C, degradation temperature of 220.97 °C and a weight loss of 30.07%, a crystalline degree of 20.71% and an amorphous degree of 79.29%, a smooth longitudinal surface profile with slight waves and a transverse surface profile showing the presence of waves and fine fibers, containing functional groups O-H alcohol, C=O, C=C, C-O and (CH2)n and no heavy metals were detected.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF ECOFRIENDLY PLASTIC BAGS FROM BIOTHERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE OF MODIFIED CASSAVA STARCH–GLUCOMANNAN-POLYVINYL ALCOHOL-POLYCAPROLACTONE","authors":"B. A. Harsojuwono, Wayan Arnata, A. Hartiati, Ida Bagus, Wayan Gunam, Y. Setiyo","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.19963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.19963","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to determine the type of molding material and the sealing temperature in the formation of ecofriendly plastic bags made from a Modified Starch – Glucomannan – Polyvinyl Alcohol – Polycaprolactone (MSGPVAPCL) biothermoplastic composites. The study used a factorial randomized block design experiment. Factor 1: the type of molding material consists of Teflon and acrylic while factoring 2: the sealing temperature with levels of 90, 95, 100, 105, and 110 °C. Mechanical, physical, biological and chemical characteristics were observed. The research results show that the type of teflon molding material and the sealing temperature of 105°C gave the best characteristics of ecofriendly plastic bags with a tensile strength value of 28.62 MPa, elongation at break of 8.68%, Young's modulus 449.44 MPa, a heat seal tensile strength on the bag handle of 6.10 N, a heat seal tensile strength on the bag bottom of 4.10 N, tear strength direction longitudinally of 3.61 N, transverse tear strength of 1.78 N, WVTR of 91.23 g/m2/day, swelling of 5.31% and biodegradation time of 7.00 days, the maximum evaporation temperature of 72.43 °C, degradation temperature of 220.97 °C and a weight loss of 30.07%, a crystalline degree of 20.71% and an amorphous degree of 79.29%, a smooth longitudinal surface profile with slight waves and a transverse surface profile showing the presence of waves and fine fibers, containing functional groups O-H alcohol, C=O, C=C, C-O and (CH2)n and no heavy metals were detected. ","PeriodicalId":55763,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140508088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research examines the vibrational response of a micro-scale Euler beam made from two-directional functionally graded (2D-FG) materials and subjected to thermal effects. By employing a reformulated strain gradient elasticity (RSGE) approach, the equations of motion using Hamilton’s principle for clamped -clamped and clamped-simply boundary conditions are derived and solved them using Galerkin's approach. The investigation explores the impact of temperature, gradient index, and parameters length scale materials on the bidirectional graded microbeam's dynamic characteristics. Furthermore, the normalized frequency, as based on the current reformulated strain gradient elasticity microbeam model, consistently emerges as higher than that derived from the classical model.
{"title":"REFORMULATED STRAIN GRADIENT (RSG) ELASTICITY THEORY FOR FREE VIBRATION OF THERMAL BI-DIRECTIONAL FG MICROBEAM","authors":"Safa Hameed Majeed, Talib Ehraize Elaikh, Adnan Abdul-hussien Ugla","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.21047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.21047","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines the vibrational response of a micro-scale Euler beam made from two-directional functionally graded (2D-FG) materials and subjected to thermal effects. By employing a reformulated strain gradient elasticity (RSGE) approach, the equations of motion using Hamilton’s principle for clamped -clamped and clamped-simply boundary conditions are derived and solved them using Galerkin's approach. The investigation explores the impact of temperature, gradient index, and parameters length scale materials on the bidirectional graded microbeam's dynamic characteristics. Furthermore, the normalized frequency, as based on the current reformulated strain gradient elasticity microbeam model, consistently emerges as higher than that derived from the classical model.","PeriodicalId":55763,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140508285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20566
Z. Sharip, Mohd Hafiz Zulkifli, Mohd Nur Farhan Abd Wahab, Zubaidi Johar, Mohd Zaki Mat Amin
Nowadays, the advancement in autonomous robots is the latest influenced by the development of a world surrounded by new technologies. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) allows systems to operate automatically, so the robot will learn the next movement based on the interaction with the environment. Moreover, since robots require continuous action, Soft Actor Critic Deep Reinforcement Learning (SAC DRL) is considered the latest DRL approach solution. SAC is used because its ability to control continuous action to produce more accurate movements. SAC fundamental is robust against unpredictability, but some weaknesses have been identified, particularly in the exploration process for accuracy learning with faster maturity. To address this issue, the study identified a solution using a reward function appropriate for the system to guide in the learning process. This research proposes several types of reward functions based on sparse and shaping reward in SAC method to investigate the effectiveness of mobile robot learning. Finally, the experiment shows that using fusion sparse and shaping rewards in the SAC DRL successfully navigates to the target position and can also increase accuracy based on the average error result of 4.99%.
如今，自主机器人的进步是受新技术包围的世界发展的最新影响。深度强化学习（DRL）可以让系统自动运行，因此机器人会根据与环境的交互来学习下一个动作。此外，由于机器人需要持续行动，软行为批判深度强化学习（Soft Actor Critic Deep Reinforcement Learning，SAC DRL）被认为是最新的 DRL 方法解决方案。之所以使用 SAC，是因为它能够控制连续动作，从而产生更精确的动作。SAC 的基本原理对不可预测性具有鲁棒性，但也发现了一些弱点，特别是在探索过程中，准确性学习的成熟度较低。为解决这一问题，研究确定了一种解决方案，即使用适合系统的奖励函数来引导学习过程。本研究在 SAC 方法中提出了几种基于稀疏奖励和塑造奖励的奖励函数，以研究移动机器人学习的有效性。最后，实验结果表明，在 SAC DRL 中使用融合稀疏和整形奖励的方法，可以成功地导航到目标位置，而且还能提高精度，平均误差结果为 4.99%。
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Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20088
Wallada H. Ibrahim, Hana Sh. Mahmood
Three antihypertensive drugs Captopril (CPL), Atenolol (ATL), and Metoprolol (MTL) have been estimated sensitively and selectively by a single spectrophotometric method using neutral red dye NLR. The method is based on oxidation of the drugs by known excess of N-bromosuccinamide (NBS) in the first reaction step followed by the oxidation of NLR dye with the exceed ed amount of NBS, as the concentration of the drug compounds increase, the color of the dye increase, the dye exhibits absorbance peak at 523 nm. The linearity range was from 1 to 10 µg/ml for the three drugs, the molar absorptivity values were 2.1164 × 105, 1.9202× 104, and 57.934× 104 l.mol-1.cm-1 for CPL, ATL, and MTL respectively, the sensitivity index of Sand’ll were 0.0102, 0.0138, and 0.01182 µg/cm2 for CPL, ATL, and MTL respectively. LOD values for the three drugs ranged from 0.00405 to 0.00547 and LOQ values were ranged from 0.0135 to 0.0182 respectively, the method exhibits good applicability to the dosage forms and high confidence as compared with standard method and standard addition method.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF THE ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS CAPTOPRIL, ATENOLOL, AND METOPROLOL IN DOSAGE FORMS","authors":"Wallada H. Ibrahim, Hana Sh. Mahmood","doi":"10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.20088","url":null,"abstract":"Three antihypertensive drugs Captopril (CPL), Atenolol (ATL), and Metoprolol (MTL) have been estimated sensitively and selectively by a single spectrophotometric method using neutral red dye NLR. The method is based on oxidation of the drugs by known excess of N-bromosuccinamide (NBS) in the first reaction step followed by the oxidation of NLR dye with the exceed ed amount of NBS, as the concentration of the drug compounds increase, the color of the dye increase, the dye exhibits absorbance peak at 523 nm. The linearity range was from 1 to 10 µg/ml for the three drugs, the molar absorptivity values were 2.1164 × 105, 1.9202× 104, and 57.934× 104 l.mol-1.cm-1 for CPL, ATL, and MTL respectively, the sensitivity index of Sand’ll were 0.0102, 0.0138, and 0.01182 µg/cm2 for CPL, ATL, and MTL respectively. LOD values for the three drugs ranged from 0.00405 to 0.00547 and LOQ values were ranged from 0.0135 to 0.0182 respectively, the method exhibits good applicability to the dosage forms and high confidence as compared with standard method and standard addition method.","PeriodicalId":55763,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknologi","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140507529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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