Background and objectives: Children comprised a significant part of the population during the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence of COVID-19 IgG antibody among the children aged 6 to 14 years and to determine, if any, the factors associated with seropositivity. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a selected block of West Bengal, India over a period of 1 year (April 2022-March 2023) among children. Thirty villages in the block were selected by cluster sampling technique. COVID-19 IgM/IgG Rapid Antibody Test Kit (ICMR approved) was used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistical tests. Results: Total 600 children were enrolled in the study.SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody was positive in 57.2% children. The seropositivity rate (91.8%) was significantly (p<0.001) high among children of age group 12 to 14 years. Seropositivity rate was not significantly different between male and female children (46.4% vs. 53.6%; p>0.05). Conclusion: SARS-COV-2 IgG antibody was positive in a high proportion of children residing in rural areas indicating asymptomatic coronavirus infections among rural population. Socio-demographic factors such as higher age group and father’s education were significantly associated with seropositivity. July 2024; Vol. 18(2):010. DOI:https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.022 *Correspondence: Vineeta Shukla, Department of Community Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Beliaghata General Hospital, Kolkata, India. Email: vineeta1992@gmail.com
{"title":"Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among rural children aged 6-14 years in a selected block of West Bengal, India","authors":"Vineeta Shukla, Vivek Shukla, Mausumi Basu, Aparajita Mondal, Mamunur Rashid, Ripan Saha","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.18.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.022","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Children comprised a significant part of the population during the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence of COVID-19 IgG antibody among the children aged 6 to 14 years and to determine, if any, the factors associated with seropositivity.\u0000\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a selected block of West Bengal, India over a period of 1 year (April 2022-March 2023) among children. Thirty villages in the block were selected by cluster sampling technique. COVID-19 IgM/IgG Rapid Antibody Test Kit (ICMR approved) was used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistical tests.\u0000\u0000Results: Total 600 children were enrolled in the study.SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody was positive in 57.2% children. The seropositivity rate (91.8%) was significantly (p<0.001) high among children of age group 12 to 14 years. Seropositivity rate was not significantly different between male and female children (46.4% vs. 53.6%; p>0.05).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: SARS-COV-2 IgG antibody was positive in a high proportion of children residing in rural areas indicating asymptomatic coronavirus infections among rural population. Socio-demographic factors such as higher age group and father’s education were significantly associated with seropositivity.\u0000\u0000July 2024; Vol. 18(2):010. DOI:https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.022\u0000\u0000*Correspondence: Vineeta Shukla, Department of Community Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Beliaghata General Hospital, Kolkata, India. Email: vineeta1992@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objectives: Asymptomatic thrombocytopenia, characterized by a reduced platelet count without bleeding symptoms, is notably prevalent in certain regions of India and Bangladesh, presenting a diagnostic challenge. A significant portion of healthy blood donors from Bangladesh and various parts of India, particularly West Bengal, exhibit this condition, termed Harris platelet syndrome (HPS). This review explores the potential correlation between mustard oil consumption, a common dietary staple in these regions, and the incidence of HPS. Methods: A comprehensive narrative review was conducted using systematic search strategies across databases such as Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus. Keywords included "Harris platelet syndrome," "mustard oil consumption," "thrombocytopenia," and "erucic acid." Studies were selected based on relevance and quality, focusing on the epidemiology of HPS, dietary habits, and the thrombocytopenic effects of erucic acid. Results: HPS shows a significant geographical prevalence in the Indian subcontinent, notably in regions like West Bengal, Kashmir, and Assam. The review identifies a higher prevalence of thrombocytopenia in areas with predominant mustard oil usage. Studies highlight the association between dietary erucic acid from mustard oil and thrombocytopenia, with notable effects observed in patients treated with Lorenzo’s Oil, which contains erucic acid. Conclusions: The review highlights a significant association between mustard oil consumption and asymptomatic thrombocytopenia in the Indian subcontinent. The similarity in hematological profiles between HPS and erucic acid-induced thrombocytopenia underscores the need for further research. This includes measuring erucic acid levels in patients, conducting controlled dietary interventions, and genetic analyses to differentiate between genetic and environmental factors. July 2024; Vol. 18(2):009. DOI:https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.021 *Correspondence: Wasim Md MohosinUl Haque, Department of Nephrology, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), 122 Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. Email: wmmhaque@live.com
{"title":"Mustard oil consumption and Harris platelet syndrome: unveiling a dietary link to thrombocytopenia in the Indian subcontinent","authors":"Wasim Ul Haque","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.18.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.021","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Asymptomatic thrombocytopenia, characterized by a reduced platelet count without bleeding symptoms, is notably prevalent in certain regions of India and Bangladesh, presenting a diagnostic challenge. A significant portion of healthy blood donors from Bangladesh and various parts of India, particularly West Bengal, exhibit this condition, termed Harris platelet syndrome (HPS). This review explores the potential correlation between mustard oil consumption, a common dietary staple in these regions, and the incidence of HPS.\u0000\u0000Methods: A comprehensive narrative review was conducted using systematic search strategies across databases such as Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus. Keywords included \"Harris platelet syndrome,\" \"mustard oil consumption,\" \"thrombocytopenia,\" and \"erucic acid.\" Studies were selected based on relevance and quality, focusing on the epidemiology of HPS, dietary habits, and the thrombocytopenic effects of erucic acid.\u0000\u0000Results: HPS shows a significant geographical prevalence in the Indian subcontinent, notably in regions like West Bengal, Kashmir, and Assam. The review identifies a higher prevalence of thrombocytopenia in areas with predominant mustard oil usage. Studies highlight the association between dietary erucic acid from mustard oil and thrombocytopenia, with notable effects observed in patients treated with Lorenzo’s Oil, which contains erucic acid.\u0000\u0000Conclusions: The review highlights a significant association between mustard oil consumption and asymptomatic thrombocytopenia in the Indian subcontinent. The similarity in hematological profiles between HPS and erucic acid-induced thrombocytopenia underscores the need for further research. This includes measuring erucic acid levels in patients, conducting controlled dietary interventions, and genetic analyses to differentiate between genetic and environmental factors.\u0000\u0000July 2024; Vol. 18(2):009. DOI:https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.021\u0000\u0000*Correspondence: Wasim Md MohosinUl Haque, Department of Nephrology, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), 122 Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. Email: wmmhaque@live.com","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: In recent years, the majority of incidents of increasing violence against healthcare workers, especially emergency department (ED) staff, have been perpetrated by family members of patients. Anxiety is one of the predictors of this violence in ED. The aims of this study were to measure anxiety levels among the relatives of ED patients at the time of presentation and to identify the factors that affect them. Materials and methods: In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 687 relatives of patients were included. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory- State (STAI-S) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory- Trait (STAI-T) scales were administered to assess state and trait anxiety levels. The data for the study were recorded using the SPSS 16.0 statistics program. Results: STAI-S averages were found to be statistically significantly higher than their STAI-T averages in parents (p = 0.036). A statistically significant difference was found between the state and trait anxieties of the group whose patients had a history of previous hospitalization (p = 0.013), previous surgeries (p = 0.009), presented with trauma (p=0.007), and received intervention in ED (p = 0.003). The state anxiety of the patient relatives who brought their patients to the ED by their own means was found to be statistically significantly higher than the trait anxiety (p=0.028). Conclusion: Our study showed that patient relatives whose patients presented to the ED due to trauma or had a history of surgery/hospitalization, or arrived at the hospital under their own means, experienced elevated anxiety levels. More multi-center studies are needed. July 2024; Vol. 18(2):008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.020 *Correspondence: Seçkin Bahar Sezgin, Emergency Department,Gaziantep City Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey. Email: seckinbahar34@gmail.com
{"title":"Anxiety levels and influencing factors among the relatives of patients presenting to the emergency department","authors":"S. Sezgin, Hakan Topaçoğlu, Özlem Dikme, Özgür Dikme, Şennaz Şahin, Sıla Şadıllıoğlu","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.18.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.020","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: In recent years, the majority of incidents of increasing violence against healthcare workers, especially emergency department (ED) staff, have been perpetrated by family members of patients. Anxiety is one of the predictors of this violence in ED. The aims of this study were to measure anxiety levels among the relatives of ED patients at the time of presentation and to identify the factors that affect them.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods: In this prospective, cross-sectional study, 687 relatives of patients were included. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory- State (STAI-S) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory- Trait (STAI-T) scales were administered to assess state and trait anxiety levels. The data for the study were recorded using the SPSS 16.0 statistics program.\u0000\u0000Results: STAI-S averages were found to be statistically significantly higher than their STAI-T averages in parents (p = 0.036). A statistically significant difference was found between the state and trait anxieties of the group whose patients had a history of previous hospitalization (p = 0.013), previous surgeries (p = 0.009), presented with trauma (p=0.007), and received intervention in ED (p = 0.003). The state anxiety of the patient relatives who brought their patients to the ED by their own means was found to be statistically significantly higher than the trait anxiety (p=0.028).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Our study showed that patient relatives whose patients presented to the ED due to trauma or had a history of surgery/hospitalization, or arrived at the hospital under their own means, experienced elevated anxiety levels. More multi-center studies are needed.\u0000\u0000July 2024; Vol. 18(2):008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.020\u0000\u0000*Correspondence: Seçkin Bahar Sezgin, Emergency Department,Gaziantep City Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey. Email: seckinbahar34@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":"14 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wasim Ul Haque, Mashud Alam, Akm Shaheen Ahmed, Arif Mahmud
Background and objectives: Mustard oil, a common ingredient in South Asian cuisine, has been associated with both culinary appeal and potential health benefits. While studies suggest its role in reducing the risk of ischemic heart disease, concerns arise due to the presence of erucic acid, which has been linked to adverse cardiovascular effects and thrombocytopenia. This case-control study aimed to investigate the association between mustard oil consumption and thrombocytopenia in the Bangladeshi population. Materials and methods: Consecutive patients diagnosed with thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 150000/µL) were enrolled as cases, while controls were selected as the next consecutive patients with normal platelet counts, regardless of demographic characteristics or disease status. Data on demography, clinical variables and mustard oil consumption were collected from medical records and face-to-face interviews. Results: Seventy-six participants were included in the study of which 38 belonged to case and 38 to control groups. The mean age of the individuals in control and case groups was 57.5 and 58.2 years respectively (p = 0.808). Notably, 83.3% of cases reported using mustard oil compared to 28.3% of controls (p<0.001). Cases exhibited significantly (p < 0.001) lower platelet counts (114,789 ± 24,453 /µL) compared to controls (278,211 ± 84,595 /µL). Male gender and the use of mustard oil in cooking were identified as predictors of thrombocytopenia. No bleeding symptoms were observed, raising questions about the clinical significance of mustard oil-associated thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: The study underscores the need for further research to elucidate the complex relationship between mustard oil consumption, erucic acid, and thrombocytopenia, emphasizing the importance of dietary habits in health outcomes. July 2024; Vol. 18(2):005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.017 *Correspondence: Wasim Md Mohosin Ul Haque, Department of Nephrology, BIRDEM General Hospital, 122 Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Email: wmmhaque@live.com
{"title":"Association between mustard oil consumption and thrombocytopenia: a case-control study in Bangladesh","authors":"Wasim Ul Haque, Mashud Alam, Akm Shaheen Ahmed, Arif Mahmud","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.18.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.017","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Mustard oil, a common ingredient in South Asian cuisine, has been associated with both culinary appeal and potential health benefits. While studies suggest its role in reducing the risk of ischemic heart disease, concerns arise due to the presence of erucic acid, which has been linked to adverse cardiovascular effects and thrombocytopenia. This case-control study aimed to investigate the association between mustard oil consumption and thrombocytopenia in the Bangladeshi population.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods: Consecutive patients diagnosed with thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 150000/µL) were enrolled as cases, while controls were selected as the next consecutive patients with normal platelet counts, regardless of demographic characteristics or disease status. Data on demography, clinical variables and mustard oil consumption were collected from medical records and face-to-face interviews.\u0000\u0000Results: Seventy-six participants were included in the study of which 38 belonged to case and 38 to control groups. The mean age of the individuals in control and case groups was 57.5 and 58.2 years respectively (p = 0.808). Notably, 83.3% of cases reported using mustard oil compared to 28.3% of controls (p<0.001). Cases exhibited significantly (p < 0.001) lower platelet counts (114,789 ± 24,453 /µL) compared to controls (278,211 ± 84,595 /µL). Male gender and the use of mustard oil in cooking were identified as predictors of thrombocytopenia. No bleeding symptoms were observed, raising questions about the clinical significance of mustard oil-associated thrombocytopenia.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The study underscores the need for further research to elucidate the complex relationship between mustard oil consumption, erucic acid, and thrombocytopenia, emphasizing the importance of dietary habits in health outcomes.\u0000\u0000July 2024; Vol. 18(2):005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.017\u0000\u0000*Correspondence: Wasim Md Mohosin Ul Haque, Department of Nephrology, BIRDEM General Hospital, 122 Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Email: wmmhaque@live.com","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141123425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salivary gland tumors are relatively rare and constitute only about 1-4 % of head and neck tumors. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign tumor of salivary glands. Approximately 80% of pleomorphic adenomas occur in the parotid gland, rest 10-20% in submandibular and minor salivary glands. Here, we present a confirmed case of pleomorphic adenoma of the submandibular gland. July 2024; Vol. 18(2):004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.016 *Correspondence: Zeeshan Ahmad, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ESIC Medical College Hospital, Bihta , Patna - 801103, Bihar, India. Email: ahmad66zeeshan@gmail.com
{"title":"Pleomorphic adenoma of the submandibular gland: a case report","authors":"Vijay Kumar, Tanweerul Huda, Zeeshan Ahmad, Rohit Kumar, Mohd. Yasir Zubair","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.18.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.016","url":null,"abstract":"Salivary gland tumors are relatively rare and constitute only about 1-4 % of head and neck tumors. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign tumor of salivary glands. Approximately 80% of pleomorphic adenomas occur in the parotid gland, rest 10-20% in submandibular and minor salivary glands. Here, we present a confirmed case of pleomorphic adenoma of the submandibular gland.\u0000\u0000July 2024; Vol. 18(2):004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.016\u0000\u0000*Correspondence: Zeeshan Ahmad, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, ESIC Medical College Hospital, Bihta , Patna - 801103, Bihar, India. Email: ahmad66zeeshan@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140995030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections where Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) are the predominating pathogens. These pathogens have a high rate of antibiotic resistance and exhibit the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). This study investigated the antibiotic resistance pattern and ESBL production of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from patients with UTIs attending a tertiary care hospital in Nepal by both phenotypic and genotypic techniques. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed where 4664 mid-stream urine specimens from suspected UTI cases were cultured. Isolated E. coli and K. pneumoniae were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Genotypic detection of blaCTX-M gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Out of 4664 urine samples processed, 564 (12.1%) were positive for E. coli (475, 10.2%) and K. pneumonia (89, 1.9%). Out of the total 564 studied samples, 267 (47.3%) were MDR isolates (E. coli: 222, 46.7%; K. pneumoniae: 45, 50.6%) and 96 (17%) were positive for ESBL by double disc confirmatory test. Out of 24 ESBL positive E. coli and 6 K. pneumoniae, 19 (79.2%) and 3 (50%) respectively were positive for blaCTX-M gene. Conclusion: This study indicates high prevalence of MDR and ESBL producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae causing UTIs at an urban hospital setting in Nepal. July 2024; Vol. 18(2):002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.014 *Correspondence: Gaurab Pandey, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nobel College Affiliated to Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal. Email: pandeygaurab67@gmail.com
{"title":"Extended spectrum beta-lactamase production and blaCTX-M gene in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae causing urinary tract infection at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal","authors":"Gaurab Pandey, Anmol Karki, Prashant Karki, Chattra Thapa","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.18.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.014","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections where Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) are the predominating pathogens. These pathogens have a high rate of antibiotic resistance and exhibit the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). This study investigated the antibiotic resistance pattern and ESBL production of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from patients with UTIs attending a tertiary care hospital in Nepal by both phenotypic and genotypic techniques.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed where 4664 mid-stream urine specimens from suspected UTI cases were cultured. Isolated E. coli and K. pneumoniae were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Genotypic detection of blaCTX-M gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).\u0000\u0000Results: Out of 4664 urine samples processed, 564 (12.1%) were positive for E. coli (475, 10.2%) and K. pneumonia (89, 1.9%). Out of the total 564 studied samples, 267 (47.3%) were MDR isolates (E. coli: 222, 46.7%; K. pneumoniae: 45, 50.6%) and 96 (17%) were positive for ESBL by double disc confirmatory test. Out of 24 ESBL positive E. coli and 6 K. pneumoniae, 19 (79.2%) and 3 (50%) respectively were positive for blaCTX-M gene.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: This study indicates high prevalence of MDR and ESBL producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae causing UTIs at an urban hospital setting in Nepal.\u0000\u0000July 2024; Vol. 18(2):002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.014\u0000\u0000*Correspondence: Gaurab Pandey, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nobel College Affiliated to Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal. Email: pandeygaurab67@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140721608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bever-Leigh Holden, Precious Patrick Edet, Elizabeth A.K. Jones, Amal K. Mitra
ackground and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as one of the most profound global health crises of the 21st century. In the United States, the impact of COVID-19 has been severe, with notable disparities observed in the Southern region. This study aims to evaluate trends in COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization rates in southern states over the course of 2020 to 2023 by presenting a comprehensive analysis of trends in COVID-19 outcomes within Southern states. Methods: Data for the study was collected from the COVID-19 Data Tracker, a resource provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Stratification techniques were employed to categorize the sample into subgroups of Southern states (Arkansas, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia). Joinpoint regression models were used to calculate Annual Percentage Change (APC) and Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC). Results: Results showed a downward trend in both age adjusted APC and AAPC COVID-19 hospitalization rates and an upward trend in mortality rates for all southern states between 2020 to 2023. Only 3 out of the 12 states have age adjusted mortality rates that are lower than the national age adjusted mortality rate for COVID-19 (286.4 deaths per 100,000). COVID-19 vaccine coverage in 12 southern states is 61.8% - 91.3%. Conclusion:The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the evolving dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic within the southern U.S. states. The information would be a valuable guidance for public health strategies, resource allocation, and policymaking aimed at addressing this ongoing crisis. July 2024; Vol. 18(2):001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.013 *Correspondence: Bever-Leigh Holden, Jackson State University, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jackson, Mississippi, USA, Email:bever-leigh.i.holden@students.jsums.edu; beverleighholden@yahoo.com
{"title":"Trends of COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization rates in southern states of the United States, 2020-2023","authors":"Bever-Leigh Holden, Precious Patrick Edet, Elizabeth A.K. Jones, Amal K. Mitra","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.18.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.013","url":null,"abstract":"ackground and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as one of the most profound global health crises of the 21st century. In the United States, the impact of COVID-19 has been severe, with notable disparities observed in the Southern region. This study aims to evaluate trends in COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization rates in southern states over the course of 2020 to 2023 by presenting a comprehensive analysis of trends in COVID-19 outcomes within Southern states.\u0000\u0000Methods: Data for the study was collected from the COVID-19 Data Tracker, a resource provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Stratification techniques were employed to categorize the sample into subgroups of Southern states (Arkansas, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia). Joinpoint regression models were used to calculate Annual Percentage Change (APC) and Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC).\u0000\u0000Results: Results showed a downward trend in both age adjusted APC and AAPC COVID-19 hospitalization rates and an upward trend in mortality rates for all southern states between 2020 to 2023. Only 3 out of the 12 states have age adjusted mortality rates that are lower than the national age adjusted mortality rate for COVID-19 (286.4 deaths per 100,000). COVID-19 vaccine coverage in 12 southern states is 61.8% - 91.3%.\u0000\u0000Conclusion:The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the evolving dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic within the southern U.S. states. The information would be a valuable guidance for public health strategies, resource allocation, and policymaking aimed at addressing this ongoing crisis.\u0000\u0000July 2024; Vol. 18(2):001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.013\u0000\u0000*Correspondence: Bever-Leigh Holden, Jackson State University, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jackson, Mississippi, USA, Email:bever-leigh.i.holden@students.jsums.edu; beverleighholden@yahoo.com","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140723735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Objectives: Dengue fever, caused by four serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV), is a global health threat, affecting millions of people annually, with a significant burden in Asian countries. Bangladesh, where dengue was first documented in the 1960s, has witnessed an escalation of cases in recent years. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on dengue covering dengue epidemiology in Bangladesh and neighboring countries, efficacy of available vaccines, diagnostic tests and preventive measures. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted using the keywords such as dengue in Bangladesh, dengue in South and Southeast Asia, epidemiology, genomic structure, transmission, diagnosis, vaccines and prevention. The information and data of this article were drawn from extensively reviewed scientific journals and pertinent authoritative sources. The data search was limited from year 2000 to 2023. Results: Magnitude of dengue infection in Bangladesh and neighboring countries was assessed. The usefulness of diagnostic tests as well as the prospect of available vaccines was reviewed. Control and preventive measures to mitigate spread and transmission of the disease were also discussed. Conclusion: Effective prevention and control of dengue needs coordinated efforts in surveillance, research, control and preventive measures. This holistic approach is necessary to mitigate detrimental consequences of dengue on public health and economies worldwide. IMC J Med Sci. 2024; 18(1):012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.012 *Correspondence: M. S. Zaman, Department of Biological Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, Mississippi, USA. Email: zaman@alcorn.edu; mzaman@southtexascollege.edu
{"title":"Dengue in Bangladesh and neighboring countries: an overview of epidemiology, transmission, control, and prevention","authors":"M. S. Zaman, Amal K. Mitra","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.18.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.012","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Dengue fever, caused by four serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV), is a global health threat, affecting millions of people annually, with a significant burden in Asian countries. Bangladesh, where dengue was first documented in the 1960s, has witnessed an escalation of cases in recent years. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on dengue covering dengue epidemiology in Bangladesh and neighboring countries, efficacy of available vaccines, diagnostic tests and preventive measures.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted using the keywords such as dengue in Bangladesh, dengue in South and Southeast Asia, epidemiology, genomic structure, transmission, diagnosis, vaccines and prevention. The information and data of this article were drawn from extensively reviewed scientific journals and pertinent authoritative sources. The data search was limited from year 2000 to 2023.\u0000\u0000Results: Magnitude of dengue infection in Bangladesh and neighboring countries was assessed. The usefulness of diagnostic tests as well as the prospect of available vaccines was reviewed. Control and preventive measures to mitigate spread and transmission of the disease were also discussed.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Effective prevention and control of dengue needs coordinated efforts in surveillance, research, control and preventive measures. This holistic approach is necessary to mitigate detrimental consequences of dengue on public health and economies worldwide.\u0000\u0000IMC J Med Sci. 2024; 18(1):012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.012\u0000\u0000*Correspondence: M. S. Zaman, Department of Biological Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, Mississippi, USA. Email: zaman@alcorn.edu; mzaman@southtexascollege.edu","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":"5 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139592810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salvinaz Islam Moutusy, S. Farook, Sraboni Mazumder, L. Barai, K.M. Shahidul Islam, Md Shariful Alam Jilani
Background and objectives:A selective medium is required for isolation of Burkholderia pseudomallei from soil. The present study aimed to develop an easy to prepare selective media by modifying MacConkey agar medium for improved isolation of B. pseudomallei from soil. Materials and methods: The media was prepared by using commercially available MacConkey agar as the basal medium and incorporating it with 4% glycerol and four antimicrobials namely vancomycin, amphotericin B, gentamicin and colistin at a concentration of 2.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L respectively. The media was initially optimized for growth of B. pseudomallei by addition of 100 organisms/plate of B. pseudomallei and ATCC strains of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Sterile and unsterile soils were spiked with graded concentration (1x106 to 1x101 CFU/gm of soil) of B. pseudomallei and other clinical and saprophytic Gram negative organisms and cultured on MacConkey, Ashdown and modified MacConkey media after enrichment in Ashdown broth. Growth of B. pseudomallei in the three media was compared. The newly devised media was termed as - Modified MacConkey agar for Burkholderia (MMB media). Results: Culture of supernatant from spiked sterile soil after enrichment showed equivalent isolation of B. pseudomallei on MMB and Ashdown’s media and there was 100% inhibition of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on MMB medium. Almost similar inhibition of Comamonas testosteroni, Aeromonas salmonicida and Burkholderia cepacia was observed on both MMB and Ashdown’s media. Culture of sterile soil seeded with different concentrations of P. aeruginosa showed no growth in MMB media. But there was growth of P. aeruginosa when sterile soil samples spiked with 1x106 to 1x103 CFU of P. aeruginosa were cultured in Ashdown media. When unsterile soil was seeded with graded concentration of B. pseudomallei, the colony count of this bacterium gradually declined in all three medium with decreased spiking concentrations. Growth of other soil organisms was less in MMB media compared to other two media. Conclusion: The newly devised MMB media is selective and easy to prepare for the detection of B. pseudomallei from soil. IMC J Med Sci. 2024; 18(1):011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.011 *Correspondence:Md. Shariful Alam Jilani, Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, 1/A Ibrahim Sarani, Segun Bagicha, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. Email: jilanimsa@gmail.com
背景和目的：从土壤中分离假马勒伯克霍尔德氏菌需要一种选择性培养基。本研究旨在通过改良 MacConkey 琼脂培养基，开发一种易于制备的选择性培养基，以提高从土壤中分离假丝酵母菌的能力：该培养基是以市售 MacConkey 琼脂为基础培养基，加入 4% 甘油和四种抗菌素，即万古霉素、两性霉素 B、庆大霉素和可乐定，浓度分别为 2.5 mg/L、1 mg/L、5 mg/L 和 10 mg/L。通过每板加入 100 个假丝酵母菌和 ATCC 革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌菌株，对培养基进行了初步优化，以利于假丝酵母菌的生长。在无菌和未无菌土壤中添加不同浓度（1x106 至 1x101 CFU/gm 土壤）的假丝酵母菌和其他临床革兰氏阴性菌，并在阿什当肉汤中富集后在麦康凯、阿什当和改良麦康凯培养基上培养。比较了假丝酵母菌在这三种培养基中的生长情况。新设计的培养基被称为伯克霍尔德菌改良麦康凯琼脂（MMB 培养基）：结果：从加标无菌土壤中培养出的上清液经过富集后，在 MMB 培养基和 Ashdown 培养基上分离出的假丝酵母菌数量相当，而在 MMB 培养基上对肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑制率为 100%。在 MMB 和阿什当培养基上对睾丸酵母菌、沙门氏菌和伯克霍尔德氏菌的抑制作用几乎相似。用不同浓度的铜绿微囊藻播种的无菌土壤培养物在 MMB 培养基上没有生长。但在 Ashdown 培养基中培养添加了 1x106 至 1x103 CFU 铜绿微囊藻的无菌土壤样本时，铜绿微囊藻有生长。在无菌土壤中添加不同浓度的假丝酵母菌后，随着添加浓度的降低，三种培养基中的假丝酵母菌菌落数都逐渐减少。与其他两种培养基相比，MMB 培养基中其他土壤生物的生长较少：结论：新设计的 MMB 培养基具有选择性，易于制备，可用于检测土壤中的假丝酵母菌。DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.011*通讯作者：Md.Shariful Alam Jilani, Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, 1/A Ibrahim Sarani, Segun Bagicha, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.电子邮件：jilanimsa@gmail.com
{"title":"Modified MacConkey agar: a simple selective medium for isolation of Burkholderia pseudomallei from soil","authors":"Salvinaz Islam Moutusy, S. Farook, Sraboni Mazumder, L. Barai, K.M. Shahidul Islam, Md Shariful Alam Jilani","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.18.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.011","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives:A selective medium is required for isolation of Burkholderia pseudomallei from soil. The present study aimed to develop an easy to prepare selective media by modifying MacConkey agar medium for improved isolation of B. pseudomallei from soil.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods: The media was prepared by using commercially available MacConkey agar as the basal medium and incorporating it with 4% glycerol and four antimicrobials namely vancomycin, amphotericin B, gentamicin and colistin at a concentration of 2.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L respectively. The media was initially optimized for growth of B. pseudomallei by addition of 100 organisms/plate of B. pseudomallei and ATCC strains of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Sterile and unsterile soils were spiked with graded concentration (1x106 to 1x101 CFU/gm of soil) of B. pseudomallei and other clinical and saprophytic Gram negative organisms and cultured on MacConkey, Ashdown and modified MacConkey media after enrichment in Ashdown broth. Growth of B. pseudomallei in the three media was compared. The newly devised media was termed as - Modified MacConkey agar for Burkholderia (MMB media).\u0000\u0000Results: Culture of supernatant from spiked sterile soil after enrichment showed equivalent isolation of B. pseudomallei on MMB and Ashdown’s media and there was 100% inhibition of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on MMB medium. Almost similar inhibition of Comamonas testosteroni, Aeromonas salmonicida and Burkholderia cepacia was observed on both MMB and Ashdown’s media. Culture of sterile soil seeded with different concentrations of P. aeruginosa showed no growth in MMB media. But there was growth of P. aeruginosa when sterile soil samples spiked with 1x106 to 1x103 CFU of P. aeruginosa were cultured in Ashdown media. When unsterile soil was seeded with graded concentration of B. pseudomallei, the colony count of this bacterium gradually declined in all three medium with decreased spiking concentrations. Growth of other soil organisms was less in MMB media compared to other two media.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The newly devised MMB media is selective and easy to prepare for the detection of B. pseudomallei from soil.\u0000\u0000IMC J Med Sci. 2024; 18(1):011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.011\u0000\u0000*Correspondence:Md. Shariful Alam Jilani, Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, 1/A Ibrahim Sarani, Segun Bagicha, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. Email: jilanimsa@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139620845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objectives: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are considered important causative agents of hospital acquired infection. These organisms are found in various clinical specimens from hospitalized patients. Present study was carried out to determine the species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of CoNS isolated from clinical specimens at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods: CoNS isolated from various clinical samples were included in this study. The isolates were identified by colony morphology, Gram’s staining, catalase and coagulase tests. Further differentiation of species was performed by susceptibility to novobiocin, urease activity and ornithine decarboxylase test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Total 108 isolates of CoNS were included and analysed. Out of 108 CoNS, S. epidermidis was the most common species (36.1%) followed by S. saprophyticus (23.1%), S. hemolyticus (17.6%), S. hominis (13%) and S. lugdunensis (10.2%). Most of the isolates showed resistance to penicillin, oxacillin, amoxycillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. All the isolates were sensitive to vancomycin. Conclusions: CoNS emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen and should not be neglected as contaminant. High rate of antimicrobial resistance warrants susceptibility testing prior to the treatment of CoNS. IMC J Med Sci. 2024; 18(1):010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.010 *Correspondence: Sabiha S Tamboli, Department of Microbiology, Parbhani Medical College and RP Hospital Research Institute, Pathri Road, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India. Email: sabihatamboli77@gmail.com
背景和目的：凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CoNS）被认为是医院感染的重要致病菌。在住院病人的各种临床标本中都能发现这些微生物。本研究旨在确定一家三级医院从临床标本中分离出的 CoNS 的种类分布和抗菌药敏感性模式。 材料和方法：本研究包括从各种临床样本中分离出的 CoNS。通过菌落形态学、革兰氏染色、过氧化氢酶和凝固酶试验对分离物进行鉴定。通过对新生物菌素的敏感性、尿素酶活性和鸟氨酸脱羧酶试验进一步区分物种。抗生素药敏试验是根据临床和实验室标准研究所（CLSI）指南进行的。 结果共纳入并分析了 108 株 CoNS 分离物。在 108 株 CoNS 中，表皮葡萄球菌是最常见的菌种（36.1%），其次是溶血性葡萄球菌（23.1%）、溶血性链球菌（17.6%）、同种异体葡萄球菌（13%）和卢格登氏葡萄球菌（10.2%）。大多数分离菌株对青霉素、氧西林、阿莫西林、红霉素、环丙沙星和氧氟沙星具有抗药性。所有分离株都对万古霉素敏感。 结论CoNS 已成为一种重要的院内病原体，不应被视为污染源而受到忽视。高抗菌药耐药率要求在治疗 CoNS 前进行药敏测试。 IMC J Med Sci.DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.010 *通讯：Sabiha S Tamboli，印度马哈拉施特拉邦帕尔巴哈尼路帕尔巴哈尼医学院和 RP 医院研究所微生物学系。电子邮件：sabihatamboli77@gmail.com
{"title":"Species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens at a tertiary care hospital","authors":"S. Tamboli, S. Tamboli","doi":"10.55010/imcjms.18.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.010","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are considered important causative agents of hospital acquired infection. These organisms are found in various clinical specimens from hospitalized patients. Present study was carried out to determine the species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of CoNS isolated from clinical specimens at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods: CoNS isolated from various clinical samples were included in this study. The isolates were identified by colony morphology, Gram’s staining, catalase and coagulase tests. Further differentiation of species was performed by susceptibility to novobiocin, urease activity and ornithine decarboxylase test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Total 108 isolates of CoNS were included and analysed. Out of 108 CoNS, S. epidermidis was the most common species (36.1%) followed by S. saprophyticus (23.1%), S. hemolyticus (17.6%), S. hominis (13%) and S. lugdunensis (10.2%). Most of the isolates showed resistance to penicillin, oxacillin, amoxycillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. All the isolates were sensitive to vancomycin. Conclusions: CoNS emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen and should not be neglected as contaminant. High rate of antimicrobial resistance warrants susceptibility testing prior to the treatment of CoNS. IMC J Med Sci. 2024; 18(1):010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.010 *Correspondence: Sabiha S Tamboli, Department of Microbiology, Parbhani Medical College and RP Hospital Research Institute, Pathri Road, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India. Email: sabihatamboli77@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":55816,"journal":{"name":"IMC Journal of Medical Science","volume":"107 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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