Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.8.647
Joohwan Chun, Junyoung Jung, Jongchan Woo, Sangwoo Park
In radar, an extended target or structure is perceived as a collection of multiple point scatterers. For tracking radar, determining the weighted mean (or centroid) angle of these unresolved scatterers is crucial. Our study demonstrates that the monopulse angle estimate corresponds to the weighted circular mean of the angles of multiple scatterers, as supported by both analytical and simulation results.
{"title":"Circular Mean of Scatterers’ Angles as the Mode of Angle Estimates with Monopulse Radar","authors":"Joohwan Chun, Junyoung Jung, Jongchan Woo, Sangwoo Park","doi":"10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.8.647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.8.647","url":null,"abstract":"In radar, an extended target or structure is perceived as a collection of multiple point scatterers. For tracking radar, determining the weighted mean (or centroid) angle of these unresolved scatterers is crucial. Our study demonstrates that the monopulse angle estimate corresponds to the weighted circular mean of the angles of multiple scatterers, as supported by both analytical and simulation results.","PeriodicalId":55817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135002470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.8.599
Mihui Seo, Jinsung Park, Hyunju Kim
The spurious signals of the transmission signal (FTX) and local oscillation signal (FLO) for a receiver are the factors that reduce the SNR(signal-to-noise ratio) performance of a radar. In particular, a spurious signal with a high-power level causes the radar to falsely indicate a target. However, the spurious emissions of a frequency synthesizer are unavoidable because of the nonlinearity of the RF active elements on the FTX and FLO paths. In this study, spurious requirements are provided to ensure the SNR performance of a compact radar. Consequently, the spurious power level should be lower than −55 dBc to −28 dBc according to the offset frequency in the FMICW mode. In addition, it should be lower than −50 dBc to −40 dBc within a linear frequency modulation bandwidth (LFMM) in the MPRF mode, and the spurious that are out of the LFMM do not impact the signal processing results.
{"title":"Analysis on the Effect of Spurious Signals of Transmission and Local Oscillation Signals in a Compact Radar","authors":"Mihui Seo, Jinsung Park, Hyunju Kim","doi":"10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.8.599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.8.599","url":null,"abstract":"The spurious signals of the transmission signal (FTX) and local oscillation signal (FLO) for a receiver are the factors that reduce the SNR(signal-to-noise ratio) performance of a radar. In particular, a spurious signal with a high-power level causes the radar to falsely indicate a target. However, the spurious emissions of a frequency synthesizer are unavoidable because of the nonlinearity of the RF active elements on the FTX and FLO paths. In this study, spurious requirements are provided to ensure the SNR performance of a compact radar. Consequently, the spurious power level should be lower than −55 dBc to −28 dBc according to the offset frequency in the FMICW mode. In addition, it should be lower than −50 dBc to −40 dBc within a linear frequency modulation bandwidth (LFMM) in the MPRF mode, and the spurious that are out of the LFMM do not impact the signal processing results.","PeriodicalId":55817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135002469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.8.618
Hyoung-Jin Jung, Jae-Sub Han, Maeng-Chang Kang, Chang-Hyun Lee, Byeong-Hak Park, Young-Wan Kim, Hye-Bin Kim
To apply active electronically scanned array (AESA) radars to aircraft, such as light attack aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, and drones, a radar system designed with a compact and lightweight AESA antenna device and an air-cooled heat dissipation structure is required. This paper presents the design and fabrication results of the first domestic X-band air-cooled, compact, and lightweight active phased array antenna device for aircraft. To dissipate heat from the AESA antenna unit by air cooling, a heat dissipation fin was applied to the transmit–receive module, the main heat source, and the thermal stability was confirmed through thermal analysis and testing. The effective isotropic radiated power of the AESA antenna unit was over 00.00 dBmi, its gain-to-noise temperature ratio was over 0.00 dB/k, and wide-angle scanning was possible up to ±70°.
{"title":"Design and Fabrication of X-Band Air-Cooled, Compact, and Lightweight Active Electronically Scanned Array Antenna Unit for Aircraft Installation","authors":"Hyoung-Jin Jung, Jae-Sub Han, Maeng-Chang Kang, Chang-Hyun Lee, Byeong-Hak Park, Young-Wan Kim, Hye-Bin Kim","doi":"10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.8.618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.8.618","url":null,"abstract":"To apply active electronically scanned array (AESA) radars to aircraft, such as light attack aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, and drones, a radar system designed with a compact and lightweight AESA antenna device and an air-cooled heat dissipation structure is required. This paper presents the design and fabrication results of the first domestic X-band air-cooled, compact, and lightweight active phased array antenna device for aircraft. To dissipate heat from the AESA antenna unit by air cooling, a heat dissipation fin was applied to the transmit–receive module, the main heat source, and the thermal stability was confirmed through thermal analysis and testing. The effective isotropic radiated power of the AESA antenna unit was over 00.00 dBmi, its gain-to-noise temperature ratio was over 0.00 dB/k, and wide-angle scanning was possible up to ±70°.","PeriodicalId":55817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135002473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.5515/kjkiees.2022.34.8.629
Gu-Ho Jeoung, Yun-Kwon Jung, Tae-Wan Kim, Jun-Ho Choi
In this study, we describe the design and fabrication of an N-way calibration line for an active electronically scanned array radar. The designed calibration line consisted of an open-ended probe and a Wilkinson power divider. It was designed to calibrate by measuring the amplitude and phase of the transmit/receive path. In addition, the signals from the array antenna and transmit/receive module could be transmitted to a calibration assembly using the open-ended probe and power divider. A multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) was used for miniaturization. We described the mechanism and design process of signal transmission through the calibration line. In addition, we described the issue of an N-way calibration line design without a uniform phase distribution of the output ports. This indicated that the signal could not be transmitted at a specific frequency through a random output port. The proposed calibration line was designed to achieve a uniform phase distribution. A calibration line was designed, measured, and tested to validate its performance.
{"title":"Design and Fabrication of N-Way Calibration Line for Active Electronically Scanned Array Radar","authors":"Gu-Ho Jeoung, Yun-Kwon Jung, Tae-Wan Kim, Jun-Ho Choi","doi":"10.5515/kjkiees.2022.34.8.629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2022.34.8.629","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we describe the design and fabrication of an N-way calibration line for an active electronically scanned array radar. The designed calibration line consisted of an open-ended probe and a Wilkinson power divider. It was designed to calibrate by measuring the amplitude and phase of the transmit/receive path. In addition, the signals from the array antenna and transmit/receive module could be transmitted to a calibration assembly using the open-ended probe and power divider. A multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) was used for miniaturization. We described the mechanism and design process of signal transmission through the calibration line. In addition, we described the issue of an N-way calibration line design without a uniform phase distribution of the output ports. This indicated that the signal could not be transmitted at a specific frequency through a random output port. The proposed calibration line was designed to achieve a uniform phase distribution. A calibration line was designed, measured, and tested to validate its performance.","PeriodicalId":55817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135002466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.5515/kjkiees.2022.34.7.570
Myung-Hoon Park, Jeong-Han Kim, Woo-Joong Jeon, Se-Woong Kwon, Sang-Hyun Kim, Ki-Won Lee
{"title":"Radar Performance Analysis Tool for Domestic Atmospheric\u0000 Conditions: Development and Application","authors":"Myung-Hoon Park, Jeong-Han Kim, Woo-Joong Jeon, Se-Woong Kwon, Sang-Hyun Kim, Ki-Won Lee","doi":"10.5515/kjkiees.2022.34.7.570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2022.34.7.570","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79930820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.7.505
Heung Yeol Jo, Sung-In Jo, Jaewoo Park, B. Ahn
{"title":"Miniaturized Designing of a High Current Symmetric High Altitude\u0000 Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) Filter","authors":"Heung Yeol Jo, Sung-In Jo, Jaewoo Park, B. Ahn","doi":"10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.7.505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.7.505","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88658841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.5515/kjkiees.2022.34.7.561
Junyoung Jung, J. Chun, B. Jeon
{"title":"Multi-Target Detection in FMICW Radar Using Machine\u0000 Learning","authors":"Junyoung Jung, J. Chun, B. Jeon","doi":"10.5515/kjkiees.2022.34.7.561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2022.34.7.561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74510293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.5515/kjkiees.2022.34.7.554
H. Park, Cheol-Gi Kim
{"title":"Wideband Magnetic Field Shielding Measurement Method of EMI Sheets\u0000 Using Microstrip Lines","authors":"H. Park, Cheol-Gi Kim","doi":"10.5515/kjkiees.2022.34.7.554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2022.34.7.554","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74307410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.7.534
Won-Ick Jang, Dong-Woo Kim, Byung-Lok Cho, Soon‐Soo Oh
{"title":"Transmission Loss between Buildings in the e-Um5G 4.7 GHz Band:\u0000 Measurements and Analysis","authors":"Won-Ick Jang, Dong-Woo Kim, Byung-Lok Cho, Soon‐Soo Oh","doi":"10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.7.534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.7.534","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88192645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.7.525
Chang-Joo Kim
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Spectrum Sensing for\u0000 Nakagami-m Fading Signal Considering Noise\u0000 Uncertainty","authors":"Chang-Joo Kim","doi":"10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.7.525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2023.34.7.525","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55817,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82055020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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