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Triple-Phase Precision Control for Fire Safety Regulations Retrieval Combating LLM Hallucination Risks 针对LLM幻觉风险的消防安全法规检索三相精确控制
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01837-4
Mengyao Sun, Ying Chen, Jing Bai

Retrieving precise fire safety regulations is essential for the relevant staff in smart city development and building safety management. Requesting information via large language models (LLMs) is popular nowadays. However, the LLMs present limitations in handling fire safety regulations queries due to the complex and strict numerical requirements in fire safety regulations. We introduce a triple-phase precision control strategy as a novel approach to ensure accurate and reliable regulation queries. First, we convert fire safety regulations into a standardized JSON format to ensure data consistency and accessibility, as well as friendly to computer programming language. Second, we develop a deterministic matching algorithm to accurately align user queries with relevant regulation clauses. Finally, LLMs generate summaries according to the matching clauses and a preset prompt, preventing hallucination risks. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework outperforms general approaches, including commercial LLM clients with Retrieval-Augmented Generation capabilities (which use text chunking techniques, either integrating web-based retrieval or allowing local file uploads), as well as pure LLM methods, in reducing errors and improving precision. The proposed scheme not only enhances the accuracy of fire safety regulations retrieval but also provides solutions for other domains with precision-critical requirements, advancing the application of AI in regulatory compliance.

准确检索消防安全法规对于智慧城市发展和建筑安全管理的相关人员来说是必不可少的。通过大型语言模型(llm)请求信息是当今流行的方法。然而,由于消防安全法规中复杂而严格的数字要求,llm在处理消防安全法规查询方面存在局限性。我们介绍了一种三相精密控制策略,作为一种确保准确可靠的调节查询的新方法。首先,我们将消防安全法规转换为标准化的JSON格式,以确保数据的一致性和可访问性,并且对计算机编程语言友好。其次,我们开发了一种确定性匹配算法,以准确地将用户查询与相关规则条款对齐。最后,llm根据匹配条款和预设提示生成摘要,防止出现幻觉风险。实验结果表明,我们提出的框架在减少错误和提高精度方面优于一般方法,包括具有检索增强生成功能(使用文本分块技术,集成基于web的检索或允许本地文件上传)的商业LLM客户端以及纯LLM方法。该方案不仅提高了消防安全法规检索的准确性,还为其他精度要求较高的领域提供了解决方案,推动了人工智能在法规遵从性方面的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Research on Traceability of SBr Interference to Gasoline Identification Based on Pyrolysis Mechanism and Chemical Structure 基于热解机理和化学结构的SBr干扰对汽油识别的可追溯性研究
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01852-5
Zhengzhe Zang, Yao Liu, Jing Jin, Yuyan Hu, Xiaoxiao Sun, Ling Liu

Matrix interference remains a key issue in gasoline identification. Our previous research has demonstrated that styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBrs) can cause remarkable interference with gasoline identification, with the extent of this interference being highly dependent on the chemical structure of the SBrs. To trace the origins of the interference, the pyrolysis mechanism of SBrs with varying butadiene concentration was inferred based on results concerning pyrolysis products and thermal stability, and factors of the pyrolysis mechanism and chemical structure of the SBrs were involved together to explain the chemical-structure-dependent matrix interference extent reported previously. The results indicated that the total amount of butadiene in SBrs was a key point for causing interference with gasoline identification. The pyrolysis products of SBr 1205 with the highest butadiene concentration were long-chain straight alkenes of varying lengths. Meanwhile, SBr 1205 exclusively possessed cis-structure, resulting in the majority of its pyrolysis products being cis-structures, which were speculated to be precursors to form aromatic compounds by cyclization during combustion. The study revealed that the chain-structured cis-alkenes with varying lengths generated during pyrolysis played an important role in causing remarkable interference with gasoline identification, which provided valuable insights for understanding and predicting the matrix interference for fire debris analysis.

Graphical Abstract

基体干涉是汽油识别中的一个关键问题。我们之前的研究表明,丁苯橡胶(sbr)会对汽油识别产生显著的干扰,这种干扰的程度高度依赖于sbr的化学结构。为了追踪干扰的来源,根据热解产物和热稳定性的结果推断出不同丁二烯浓度sbr的热解机制,并将sbr的热解机制和化学结构因素结合起来,解释了之前报道的化学结构依赖的基质干扰程度。结果表明,sbr中丁二烯的总量是干扰汽油鉴别的关键因素。丁二烯浓度最高的SBr 1205热解产物为不同长度的长链直链烯烃。同时,SBr 1205完全具有顺式结构,其热解产物大部分为顺式结构,推测其为燃烧过程中环化生成芳香族化合物的前驱体。研究表明,热解过程中产生的不同长度的链式结构的顺式烯烃对汽油识别产生了显著的干扰,这为火灾碎屑分析中基质干扰的理解和预测提供了有价值的见解。图形抽象
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Fire-Resistance Performance of Fire Doors Depending on Gap Size Using a Thermomechanical Model 基于热力学模型的间隙大小对防火门耐火性能的影响分析
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01845-4
Bohyuk Lim, Heedo Lee, Joowon Lee, Haeyeol Lee, Minkoo Kim

A fire door is a critical building component installed within compartments to prevent the spread of fire to adjacent areas. During a fire event, these doors experience bending deformation due to temperature differences between exposed and unexposed surfaces. The maximum deflection typically occurs at the top corner on the lock side, causing the door leaf to bend away from the supporting frame. Such out-of-plane deformation compromises the integrity of the door, reducing its fire-resistance performance. While previous research, including a simplified thermomechanical model proposed by Italian researchers in 2017, investigated the thermomechanical behavior of fire doors, this study advances the understanding further. Specifically, (1) an enhanced thermomechanical model is developed by incorporating three previously neglected factors: door width, temperature-dependent elastic modulus, and the gap size between the door leaf and the frame; (2) the developed model demonstrates high accuracy, correlating strongly ((r^{2} = 0.9)) with deformations measured in fire-resistance tests; and (3) a robust design approach for fire doors is presented, ensuring sustained fire-resistance irrespective of gap variations. Experimental validation confirmed that the robustly designed fire doors exhibited approximately 5 mm less deformation compared to standard fire doors.

防火门是一个重要的建筑部件,安装在隔间内,防止火灾蔓延到邻近区域。在火灾事件中,这些门由于暴露和未暴露表面之间的温差而经历弯曲变形。最大挠度通常发生在锁侧的上角,导致门扇从支撑框架弯曲。这种面外变形损害了门的完整性,降低了门的防火性能。之前的研究,包括意大利研究人员在2017年提出的简化热力学模型,研究了防火门的热力学行为,而这项研究进一步推进了对防火门的理解。具体来说,(1)通过纳入三个先前被忽视的因素,建立了一个增强的热力学模型:门的宽度,温度相关的弹性模量,门扇和门框之间的间隙大小;(2)建立的模型具有较高的准确性,与耐火试验中测量的变形具有很强的相关性((r^{2} = 0.9));(3)提出了防火门的稳健设计方法,确保无论间隙变化如何都能保持防火性。实验验证证实,与标准防火门相比,坚固设计的防火门的变形减少了约5毫米。
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引用次数: 0
Subcritical Velocity to Maintain the Fire-Induced Smoke Stratification in Tunnels During Construction Under Press-in Ventilation 压入式通风施工中隧道火灾烟气分层的亚临界速度控制
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01828-5
Junhao Yu, Shengzhong Zhao, Tiantian Xu, Fei Wang, Zhaoyi Zhuang, Lin Xu, Wenjun Lei, Imad Obadi

A tunnel during construction is a typical long-narrow space with one closed end. Due to the cost-effectiveness and convenience, press-in ventilation is the most widely used in tunnels during construction. In the case of fire in tunnels during construction, press-in ventilation needs to simultaneously suppress the smoke back-layering length on the upstream side and maintain the smoke stratification stability on the downstream side. Based on the two-region theoretical model of fire-induced smoke in confined spaces, the relative flow of smoke and air on the downstream side is analyzed under press-in ventilation using the hydrostatic pressure difference and mass conservation. The effects of the heat release rate and press-in ventilation velocity (({u}_{p})) on the smoke stratification characteristics, longitudinal velocity, and mass flow rate are studied using numerical simulation. The results show that the smoke stratification stability on the downstream side is divided into stage I, critical moment A, and stage II. On this basis, the concept of subcritical velocity ((:{u}_{sub})) is proposed. Stage I: ({u}_{p}) < ({u}_{sub}), the flow directions of smoke and induced air are opposite, and the smoke stratification is stable. Critical moment A: (:{u}_{p}) = ({u}_{sub}), the lower airflow slowly flows and approaches stagnation, and the smoke stratification transits from a relatively stable state to an unstable state. Stage II: ({u}_{p}) > ({u}_{sub}), the flow directions of smoke and excess press-in ventilation are consistent, and the smoke stratification is destroyed. The prediction models of the subcritical and critical velocities are established. The critical velocity is twice the subcritical velocity in the same fire scenario. The results can provide a theoretical foundation for the application of press-in ventilation in tunnel fires during construction.                

施工中的隧道是典型的一端封闭的狭长空间。压入式通风是隧道施工中应用最为广泛的通风方式,具有成本效益和使用方便等优点。施工过程中隧道发生火灾时,压入式通风需要同时抑制上游烟气反层长度和保持下游烟气分层稳定性。基于密闭空间火灾烟气的双区域理论模型,利用静水压力差和质量守恒原理,分析了压入式通风下烟气与下游空气的相对流动。采用数值模拟方法研究了放热速率和入压通风速度(({u}_{p}))对烟气分层特性、纵向速度和质量流量的影响。结果表明:下游烟气分层稳定性分为ⅰ阶段、临界时刻A阶段和ⅱ阶段;在此基础上,提出了亚临界速度((:{u}_{sub}))的概念。阶段1:({u}_{p}) &lt; ({u}_{sub}),烟气与诱导空气流动方向相反,烟气分层稳定。临界时刻A: (:{u}_{p}) = ({u}_{sub}),下部气流缓慢流动并趋于停滞,烟雾分层由相对稳定状态过渡到不稳定状态。阶段II: ({u}_{p}) &gt; ({u}_{sub}),烟气流动方向与超压入通风方向一致,烟气分层被破坏。建立了亚临界速度和临界速度的预测模型。在相同的火灾场景中,临界速度是亚临界速度的两倍。研究结果可为施工中隧道火灾压入式通风的应用提供理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Perception of Fire Risk and its Influencing Factors in Coastal Communities of Southern Bangladesh: An Empirical Investigation 孟加拉国南部沿海社区火灾风险感知及其影响因素的实证研究
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01849-0
Md. Abubakkor Siddik, Md. Ashiqur Rahman, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam, Ayesha Akter, Mohammad Najmul Islam, Md. Moniruzzaman, Md. Shamsuzzoha

In developing countries like Bangladesh, fire prevention and mitigation initiatives are limited due to insufficient information about fire risk and related perceptions. However, the perception of fire risk at the municipality household level in coastal Bangladesh has yet to be studied in existing literature. This study aimed thereby to assess the perception of fire risk at the household level and investigate the influence of demographic and economic factors on the perception of fire risk in the Patuakhali municipality of southern Bangladesh. A total of 166 randomly selected households were contacted for an extensive interview. We found a medium level of fire risk perception in the study area based on the combined fire risk perception index score. Spatially, this perception may vary depending on socio-economic characteristics. The ANOVA test results show that out of 14 variables, about 57.1% are significantly associated with the educational status of the respondents, and about 35.7% are associated with family income conditions. The findings indicated that individuals with higher years of education and households with higher monthly income exhibited a higher perception of fire risk, and the perception is significant at 0.01 level. In addition, this perception was moderate to high in most of the wards (7 out of 9) in the Patuakhali municipality. Our findings have important implications for fire hazard education and management in urban areas, especially neighbourhoods with low and medium perceived risk.

在孟加拉国等发展中国家,由于关于火灾风险和相关认识的信息不足,防火和减灾举措受到限制。然而,在孟加拉国沿海城市家庭层面的火灾风险感知尚未在现有文献中进行研究。因此,本研究旨在评估家庭层面的火灾风险感知,并调查人口和经济因素对孟加拉国南部帕图阿卡里市火灾风险感知的影响。我们随机抽取了166个家庭进行了广泛的访谈。根据综合火灾风险感知指数得分,我们发现研究区域的火灾风险感知处于中等水平。在空间上,这种看法可能因社会经济特征而异。方差分析结果显示,在14个变量中,约57.1%的变量与被调查者的教育程度显著相关,约35.7%的变量与家庭收入状况相关。结果表明,受教育年限越高的个体和月收入越高的家庭对火灾风险的感知越高,且在0.01水平上显著。此外,在帕图阿卡里市的大多数选区(9个选区中有7个),这种看法是中等到较高的。我们的研究结果对城市地区的火灾危险教育和管理具有重要意义,特别是在低和中等感知风险的社区。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Analysis of the Post-Fire Structural Performance of Corroded Geopolymer Concrete Columns 腐蚀地聚合物混凝土柱火灾后结构性能试验分析
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01844-5
Balamurali Kanagaraj, Kusum Lugun, Alin Joe, N. Anand, Katherine A. Cashell

This study investigates the combined effects of corrosion and fire on the structural performance of reinforced geopolymer concrete (GPC) columns. Four full-scale specimens were exposed to accelerated corrosion and ISO 834-standard fire conditions for 60–90 min. Key structural parameters—including axial load capacity, stiffness, ductility, toughness, and energy absorption—were evaluated to assess post-fire performance. Results show that both corrosion and fire independently reduce strength and stiffness, but their combined impact leads to severe degradation. The most heavily damaged specimens exhibited up to 79% loss in ultimate load, 64% loss in stiffness and over 90% reduction in energy absorption capacity. While some increases in ductility were observed under combined exposure, they were accompanied by substantial losses in load-bearing capacity. These severe reductions suggest that standard fire resistance assessments, when applied without considering prior corrosion, may significantly overestimate post-fire capacity, underscoring the need for corrosion deterioration models in structural fire design.

研究了腐蚀和火灾对加筋地聚合物混凝土(GPC)柱结构性能的综合影响。四个全尺寸的样品暴露在加速腐蚀和ISO 834标准的火灾条件下60-90分钟。关键结构参数-包括轴向载荷能力,刚度,延性,韧性和能量吸收-进行评估,以评估火灾后的性能。结果表明,腐蚀和火灾都单独降低了强度和刚度,但它们的共同影响导致了严重的退化。最严重损伤的试件表现出高达79%的极限载荷损失,64%的刚度损失和超过90%的能量吸收能力降低。虽然在综合暴露下观察到延展性有所增加,但同时也伴随着承载能力的大量损失。这些严重的减少表明,如果不考虑先前的腐蚀,标准的防火性评估可能会大大高估火灾后的能力,强调了结构防火设计中腐蚀恶化模型的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling Heat Transfer of Timber Sections Subjected to Non-standard Fire Action 非标准火灾作用下木材截面的传热模拟
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01833-8
Cheng Chen, Liming Jiang, Martyn S. McLaggan, Supan Wang, Asif Usmani

Using timber as a structural material in buildings is promising in reducing the carbon footprint of construction, although fire safety has been a long-standing challenge prohibiting its wider use. The current design practice usually complies with Eurocode 5, but it is largely prescribed only for standard fire scenario. While investigating the fire behavior in real compartments containing timber members, the fire action imposed on the surface of timber members can be hardly represented by the standard fire curve. Therefore, modelling the heat transfer of timber sections in these real fire scenarios requires adequate numerical models. In this paper, the heat transfer model equipped with temperature-variant thermal properties of timber as well as a heat generation model addressing timber combustion effect, has been developed and implemented in the open-source simulation platform OpenSees for fire. Advancing from the existing heat transfer models, the present model has been validated against test results of timber sections subjected to the prescribed non-standard fire actions supported by the e-controlled radiant panel system. The modelling results have shown good performance in predicting the temperature evolution at various depths of the timber sections subjected to non-standard heating conditions.

在建筑中使用木材作为结构材料有望减少建筑的碳足迹,尽管消防安全一直是一个长期存在的挑战,禁止其广泛使用。目前的设计实践通常符合欧洲规范5,但它在很大程度上只适用于标准的火灾场景。在研究真实木构间的火灾行为时,木材构件表面的火灾作用很难用标准的火灾曲线来表示。因此,模拟这些真实火灾场景中木材截面的传热需要足够的数值模型。本文在火的开源仿真平台OpenSees中开发并实现了考虑木材变温热性能的传热模型和解决木材燃烧效应的产热模型。在现有的传热模型的基础上,通过对受控辐射板系统所支持的非标准火灾作用下的木材截面的测试结果进行了验证。模拟结果表明,该模型能够较好地预测非标准加热条件下木材截面不同深度的温度演变。
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引用次数: 0
Performance of Extinguishing Agents against Lithium-Ion Battery Fires 灭火剂对锂离子电池火灾的性能研究
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01831-w
Wojciech Mrozik, Joseph McDonald, Emma Shuttleworth, Neville Dickman, Paul Christensen, Caroline Gaya, Guy Marlair

This study presents a systematic evaluation of fire suppression strategies for lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), specifically examining thermal runaway propagation in small domestic system (8 kWh). Five distinct suppression methods were evaluated: water mist, encapsulator agent (water mist with proprietary encapsulator), carbonate agent (water mist with ammonium bicarbonate), mixed agent (containing boron compounds and surfactants), and liquid nitrogen. Performed experiments revealed significant differences between suppression methods. Water mist and encapsulator agents demonstrated better performance, extending propagation delay times by 179% and 167%, respectively, compared to control tests without a suppression method. Registered maximum temperatures varied across methods from 780° to 890 °C. However, none of the tested methods prevented thermal runaway propagation entirely and were able to save the system from being destroyed. Critical safety concerns emerged regarding vapour cloud production, which correlated strongly with cooling effectiveness (r = 0.87) but increased explosion risks. Statistical analysis confirmed significant method-dependent differences (p < 0.001), with water mist and encapsulator agents reducing thermal runaway hazard ratios by over 70%. These results indicate that current suppression technologies can delay but not prevent thermal runaway propagation. Findings emphasize the need for integrated approaches combining efficient cooling with vapour management strategies, particularly for residential BESS installations.

本研究对锂离子电池储能系统(BESS)的灭火策略进行了系统评估,特别是研究了小型家用系统(8千瓦时)的热失控传播。评估了五种不同的抑制方法:水雾、封装剂(专用封装剂的水雾)、碳酸盐剂(碳酸氢铵的水雾)、混合剂(含硼化合物和表面活性剂)和液氮。实验结果表明,不同的抑制方法存在显著差异。水雾剂和封装剂表现出更好的性能,与没有抑制方法的对照试验相比,传播延迟时间分别延长了179%和167%。不同方法记录的最高温度从780°C到890°C不等。然而,没有一种测试方法能够完全阻止热失控的传播,并能够避免系统被破坏。关键的安全问题出现在蒸汽云的产生上,它与冷却效率密切相关(r = 0.87),但增加了爆炸风险。统计分析证实了显著的方法相关差异(p < 0.001),水雾剂和封装剂降低了70%以上的热失控风险比。这些结果表明,现有的抑制技术可以延缓但不能阻止热失控的传播。研究结果强调需要将有效冷却与蒸汽管理策略相结合的综合方法,特别是对于住宅BESS装置。
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引用次数: 0
Efficiency Assessment of Converting Single-Tube to Double-Tube CFST Columns in Fire Resistance Based on Functionally Graded Concrete 基于功能级配混凝土的单管转双管CFST柱耐火效能评价
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01835-6
Ming-Xiang Xiong, Zihan Deng, Shenchun Xu

Conventional single-tube concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns are susceptible to fire-induced failure due to rapid steel tube degradation at elevated temperatures. While external fireproofing measures are commonly used to improve fire resistance, they often increase construction costs and maintenance complexity. Addressing this issue, the present research introduces an innovative double-tube CFST column design incorporating functionally graded concrete between concentric steel tubes. This configuration maintains equivalent steel consumption and ambient-temperature structural capacity compared to traditional single-tube systems. Utilizing finite element modeling, the fire performance of axially loaded short and slender columns—both single-tube and double-tube variants—is systematically evaluated. Key parameters influencing fire resistance, including cross-sectional dimensions, outer/inner concrete compressive strengths, steel tube yield strength, applied load ratio, inter-tube gap distance, and column slenderness, are analyzed. Results indicate that the double-tube CFST columns exhibit substantially superior fire resilience compared to their single-tube counterparts, particularly in scenarios involving larger cross-sections and reduced load ratios, which collectively prolong structural integrity under fire exposure. The study concludes that optimized double-tube configurations incorporating functionally graded concrete can achieve fire resistance requirements without supplementary protective measures, offering a cost-effective and maintenance-efficient alternative for fire-prone environments.

传统的单管钢管混凝土柱由于钢管在高温下快速劣化,容易发生火灾破坏。虽然外部防火措施通常用于提高防火性能,但它们往往会增加建筑成本和维护复杂性。针对这一问题,本研究提出了一种创新的双管CFST柱设计,在同心钢管之间结合功能级配混凝土。与传统的单管系统相比,这种结构保持了相当的钢材消耗和环境温度结构能力。利用有限元模型,系统地评估了轴向加载的短柱和细长柱(包括单管和双管)的防火性能。分析了影响耐火性能的关键参数,包括截面尺寸、混凝土内外抗压强度、钢管屈服强度、外加荷载比、管间间距、柱长细比等。结果表明,与单管钢管混凝土柱相比,双管钢管混凝土柱表现出显著优于单管钢管柱的抗火能力,特别是在涉及较大截面和降低荷载比的情况下,这共同延长了火灾暴露下的结构完整性。该研究得出结论,采用功能级配混凝土的优化双管结构可以在没有补充保护措施的情况下达到防火要求,为易发火灾的环境提供了一种成本效益和维护效率高的替代方案。
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引用次数: 0
Reliability Assessment of Steel and Composite Beam in Localized Fire: Load and Resistance Factor Design Framework 局部火灾中钢和组合梁的可靠性评估:荷载和阻力系数设计框架
IF 2.4 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-025-01830-x
Sabarna Palit, Sriman Kumar Bhattacharyya, Damodar Maity

Steel members in open areas like parking lots and bridges are vulnerable to localized fire. The use of fire-protection measures may slow the rate of temperature rise in such cases. However, due to uncertainty in the mechanical and thermal properties of the members and fire-protective systems, quantitative assessment of the safety of the members considering these uncertainties is necessary. The present paper describes a load and resistance factor design (LRFD)-based framework to evaluate the safety of steel and composite beams exposed to localized fire. The reliability index of the beams is calibrated with the partial safety factors of parameters such as beam strength, fuel load and thermal properties of fire-protection material and correspondingly, empirical relations are developed to define their relationship. For composite beam, it was concluded that the reliability indices were marginally sensitive to the safety factors of material strength of concrete slab and majorly depended on the safety factors of material strength of steel beam.

停车场和桥梁等开放区域的钢构件容易受到局部火灾的影响。在这种情况下,采取防火措施可以减缓温度上升的速度。然而,由于构件和防火系统的力学和热性能的不确定性,考虑这些不确定性的构件的安全性定量评估是必要的。本文介绍了一种基于荷载和阻力系数设计(LRFD)的框架,以评估钢和组合梁在局部火灾下的安全性。用梁强度、燃料负荷、防火材料热性能等参数的部分安全系数对梁的可靠度指标进行了标定,并建立了相应的经验关系式来确定它们之间的关系。对于组合梁,其可靠度指标对混凝土板材料强度安全系数较为敏感,而主要依赖于钢梁材料强度安全系数。
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引用次数: 0
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