Leslie Morrison Gutman, Stephen C Peck, Oksana Malanchuk, Arnold J Sameroff, Jacquelynne S Eccles
In this monograph, we investigate the developmental trajectories of a predominantly middle-class, community-based sample of European American and African American adolescents growing up in urban, suburban, and rural areas in Maryland, United States. Within risk-protection and positive youth development frameworks, we selected developmental measures based on the normative tasks of adolescence and the most widely studied indicators in the three major contexts of development: families, peer groups, and schools. Using hierarchical linear growth models, we estimated adolescents' growth trajectories from ages 12 to 20 with variation accounted for by socioeconomic status (SES), gender, race/ethnicity, and the gender by race/ethnicity interaction. In general, the results indicate that: (a) periods of greatest risk and positive development depended on the time frame and outcome being examined and (b) on average, these adolescents demonstrated much stronger evidence of positive than problematic development, even at their most vulnerable times. Absolute levels of their engagement in healthy behaviors, supportive relationships with parents and friends, and positive self-perceptions and psychological well-being were much higher than their reported angry and depressive feelings, engagement in risky behaviors, and negative relationships with parents and peers. We did not find evidence to support the idea that adolescence is a time of heightened risk. Rather, on average, these adolescents experienced relatively stable and developmentally healthy trajectories for a wide range of characteristics, behaviors, and relationships, with slight increases or decreases at different points in development that varied according to domain. Developmental trajectories differed minimally by SES but in some expected ways by gender and race/ethnicity, although these latter differences were not very marked. Overall, most of the young people navigated through their adolescence and arrived at young adulthood with good mental and physical health, positive relationships with their parents and peers, and high aspirations and expectations for what their future lives might hold.
{"title":"I. INTRODUCTION: MOVING THROUGH ADOLESCENCE: DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES OF AFRICAN AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN AMERICAN YOUTH.","authors":"Leslie Morrison Gutman, Stephen C Peck, Oksana Malanchuk, Arnold J Sameroff, Jacquelynne S Eccles","doi":"10.1111/mono.12327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this monograph, we investigate the developmental trajectories of a predominantly middle-class, community-based sample of European American and African American adolescents growing up in urban, suburban, and rural areas in Maryland, United States. Within risk-protection and positive youth development frameworks, we selected developmental measures based on the normative tasks of adolescence and the most widely studied indicators in the three major contexts of development: families, peer groups, and schools. Using hierarchical linear growth models, we estimated adolescents' growth trajectories from ages 12 to 20 with variation accounted for by socioeconomic status (SES), gender, race/ethnicity, and the gender by race/ethnicity interaction. In general, the results indicate that: (a) periods of greatest risk and positive development depended on the time frame and outcome being examined and (b) on average, these adolescents demonstrated much stronger evidence of positive than problematic development, even at their most vulnerable times. Absolute levels of their engagement in healthy behaviors, supportive relationships with parents and friends, and positive self-perceptions and psychological well-being were much higher than their reported angry and depressive feelings, engagement in risky behaviors, and negative relationships with parents and peers. We did not find evidence to support the idea that adolescence is a time of heightened risk. Rather, on average, these adolescents experienced relatively stable and developmentally healthy trajectories for a wide range of characteristics, behaviors, and relationships, with slight increases or decreases at different points in development that varied according to domain. Developmental trajectories differed minimally by SES but in some expected ways by gender and race/ethnicity, although these latter differences were not very marked. Overall, most of the young people navigated through their adolescence and arrived at young adulthood with good mental and physical health, positive relationships with their parents and peers, and high aspirations and expectations for what their future lives might hold.</p>","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":"82 4","pages":"7-28"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35247408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ISSUE INFORMATION - CURRENT MONOGRAPHS LISTING.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/mono.12343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12343","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":"82 4","pages":"195-196"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35247399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This commentary discusses Gutman et al.'s monograph on developmental trajectories of African American and European American youth. Conceptual and methodological strengths of the monograph are highlighted, and the historical context of the study, including societal and technological changes that have altered the experience of adolescence and advances in developmental science that have occurred since the MADICS was conducted, are discussed. Finally, several suggestions are offered for ways Gutman et al.'s analyses could be elaborated to address further questions about adolescent development in context.
{"title":"COMMENTARY ON \"MOVING THROUGH ADOLESCENCE: DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES OF AFRICAN AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN AMERICAN YOUTH\".","authors":"Judith G Smetana","doi":"10.1111/mono.12339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary discusses Gutman et al.'s monograph on developmental trajectories of African American and European American youth. Conceptual and methodological strengths of the monograph are highlighted, and the historical context of the study, including societal and technological changes that have altered the experience of adolescence and advances in developmental science that have occurred since the MADICS was conducted, are discussed. Finally, several suggestions are offered for ways Gutman et al.'s analyses could be elaborated to address further questions about adolescent development in context.</p>","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":"82 4","pages":"167-177"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35247405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leslie Morrison Gutman, Stephen C Peck, Oksana Malanchuk, Arnold J Sameroff, Jacquelynne S Eccles
{"title":"VI: ACADEMIC FUNCTIONING.","authors":"Leslie Morrison Gutman, Stephen C Peck, Oksana Malanchuk, Arnold J Sameroff, Jacquelynne S Eccles","doi":"10.1111/mono.12332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12332","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":"82 4","pages":"95-105"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35247398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leslie Morrison Gutman, Stephen C Peck, Oksana Malanchuk, Arnold J Sameroff, Jacquelynne S Eccles
In this chapter, we summarize our findings for both positive aspects of peer relationships (peer communication, peer support, and positive friends) and negative aspects of peer relationships (negative friends and peer drug norms). These different measures were chosen, in part, to parallel our parent measures. For example, we have parent and peer measures of support and communication as well as assessments of positive and negative aspects of both types of relationships. This allowed us to assess the nature of changes in our adolescents’ relationships with their parents versus their peers. Although there is great deal of interest in the changes in these two social contexts, very few studies have looked at changes over time in both contexts. This is quite odd given the amount of rhetoric linking these two systems and suggesting that adolescence is largely about the conjoint declines in connections with one’s parents and increases in one’s connections with one’s peers. One of our main goals was to help to fill this void. Our results are shown in Tables 17 and 18 and Figure 6.
{"title":"IX: PEER CHARACTERISTICS.","authors":"Leslie Morrison Gutman, Stephen C Peck, Oksana Malanchuk, Arnold J Sameroff, Jacquelynne S Eccles","doi":"10.1111/mono.12335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12335","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, we summarize our findings for both positive aspects of peer relationships (peer communication, peer support, and positive friends) and negative aspects of peer relationships (negative friends and peer drug norms). These different measures were chosen, in part, to parallel our parent measures. For example, we have parent and peer measures of support and communication as well as assessments of positive and negative aspects of both types of relationships. This allowed us to assess the nature of changes in our adolescents’ relationships with their parents versus their peers. Although there is great deal of interest in the changes in these two social contexts, very few studies have looked at changes over time in both contexts. This is quite odd given the amount of rhetoric linking these two systems and suggesting that adolescence is largely about the conjoint declines in connections with one’s parents and increases in one’s connections with one’s peers. One of our main goals was to help to fill this void. Our results are shown in Tables 17 and 18 and Figure 6.","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":"82 4","pages":"124-132"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35247403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leslie Morrison Gutman, Stephen C Peck, Oksana Malanchuk, Arnold J Sameroff, Jacquelynne S Eccles
{"title":"II: METHOD.","authors":"Leslie Morrison Gutman, Stephen C Peck, Oksana Malanchuk, Arnold J Sameroff, Jacquelynne S Eccles","doi":"10.1111/mono.12328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":"82 4","pages":"29-53"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35247404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leslie Morrison Gutman, Stephen C Peck, Oksana Malanchuk, Arnold J Sameroff, Jacquelynne S Eccles
{"title":"IV: PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING.","authors":"Leslie Morrison Gutman, Stephen C Peck, Oksana Malanchuk, Arnold J Sameroff, Jacquelynne S Eccles","doi":"10.1111/mono.12330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12330","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":"82 4","pages":"70-82"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35247406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leslie Morrison Gutman, Stephen C Peck, Oksana Malanchuk, Arnold J Sameroff, Jacquelynne S Eccles
{"title":"VII: PROBLEM BEHAVIORS.","authors":"Leslie Morrison Gutman, Stephen C Peck, Oksana Malanchuk, Arnold J Sameroff, Jacquelynne S Eccles","doi":"10.1111/mono.12333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":"82 4","pages":"106-113"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35247409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leslie Morrison Gutman, Stephen C Peck, Oksana Malanchuk, Arnold J Sameroff, Jacquelynne S Eccles
In thismonograph, we have examined the development of a large number of adolescents from diverse socioeconomic and racial/ethnic backgrounds. Overall, these young Americans showed much stronger evidence of positive than problematic development, even at their most vulnerable times. Absolute levels of their engagement in healthy behaviors, supportive relationships with parents and friends, and positive self-perceptions and psychological well-being were much higher than their angry and depressive feelings, engagement in risky behaviors, and negative relationships with parents and peers. We did not find much evidence that adolescence is a time of heightened risk. Rather, most of these adolescents experienced relatively stable and developmentally healthy trajectories across a wide range of beliefs, behaviors, emotional functioning, and relationships, with slight increases or decreases at different points in development that varied across domains. That said, however, some developmental periods were riskier than others, depending on the outcome assessed as well as the gender and race/ethnicity of the adolescent. An examination of the entirety of adolescence (ages 12–20) allows us to pinpoint when, on average, such changes occurred.
{"title":"X: INTEGRATIVE SUMMARY.","authors":"Leslie Morrison Gutman, Stephen C Peck, Oksana Malanchuk, Arnold J Sameroff, Jacquelynne S Eccles","doi":"10.1111/mono.12336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12336","url":null,"abstract":"In thismonograph, we have examined the development of a large number of adolescents from diverse socioeconomic and racial/ethnic backgrounds. Overall, these young Americans showed much stronger evidence of positive than problematic development, even at their most vulnerable times. Absolute levels of their engagement in healthy behaviors, supportive relationships with parents and friends, and positive self-perceptions and psychological well-being were much higher than their angry and depressive feelings, engagement in risky behaviors, and negative relationships with parents and peers. We did not find much evidence that adolescence is a time of heightened risk. Rather, most of these adolescents experienced relatively stable and developmentally healthy trajectories across a wide range of beliefs, behaviors, emotional functioning, and relationships, with slight increases or decreases at different points in development that varied across domains. That said, however, some developmental periods were riskier than others, depending on the outcome assessed as well as the gender and race/ethnicity of the adolescent. An examination of the entirety of adolescence (ages 12–20) allows us to pinpoint when, on average, such changes occurred.","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":"82 4","pages":"133-142"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35247400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leslie Morrison Gutman, Stephen C Peck, Oksana Malanchuk, Arnold J Sameroff, Jacquelynne S Eccles
{"title":"III: PRELIMINARY ANALYSES AND ANALYTIC PLAN.","authors":"Leslie Morrison Gutman, Stephen C Peck, Oksana Malanchuk, Arnold J Sameroff, Jacquelynne S Eccles","doi":"10.1111/mono.12329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12329","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55972,"journal":{"name":"Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development","volume":"82 4","pages":"54-69"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/mono.12329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35247401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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