Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.1080/14942119.2022.2157184
Jacob Murray, Patrick Hiesl, D. Hagan, R. Baldwin
ABSTRACT Timber harvesting operations are increasingly used to restore sensitive habitats such as longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems. However, logging companies are often functionally limited by operational costs and site-specific productivity potential. By employing a time study, this project quantified the cost and productivity of a two-person logging crew using conventional equipment in a South Carolina southern pine timber harvest used to restore a longleaf pine savanna ecosystem. Our study found that the feller-buncher, grapple skidder, and knuckle-boom loader produced, on average, 60.7, 23.6, and 45.2 tonnes per Productive Machine Hour (PMH), respectively. When the knuckle-boom loader was exclusively loading log trucks, productivity increased to 48.4 tonnes per PMH. Additionally, a machine rate analysis found that the total cost for each machine was 108.83 USD, 122.92 USD, and 121.25 USD per PMH, respectively, with a total per tonne cost of cutting, skidding, and loading amounting to 9.68 USD. Our findings indicate that restoration harvesting conducted in this manner under similar environmental conditions and price points may remain profitable for both landowners and logging companies. Moreover, the limitations of operating with a two-person crew resulted in minimal negative effects for both profitability and productivity, making it a viable option for similar restoration operations.
{"title":"Assessing productivity and cost of timber harvesting during longleaf pine ecosystem restoration","authors":"Jacob Murray, Patrick Hiesl, D. Hagan, R. Baldwin","doi":"10.1080/14942119.2022.2157184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2022.2157184","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Timber harvesting operations are increasingly used to restore sensitive habitats such as longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems. However, logging companies are often functionally limited by operational costs and site-specific productivity potential. By employing a time study, this project quantified the cost and productivity of a two-person logging crew using conventional equipment in a South Carolina southern pine timber harvest used to restore a longleaf pine savanna ecosystem. Our study found that the feller-buncher, grapple skidder, and knuckle-boom loader produced, on average, 60.7, 23.6, and 45.2 tonnes per Productive Machine Hour (PMH), respectively. When the knuckle-boom loader was exclusively loading log trucks, productivity increased to 48.4 tonnes per PMH. Additionally, a machine rate analysis found that the total cost for each machine was 108.83 USD, 122.92 USD, and 121.25 USD per PMH, respectively, with a total per tonne cost of cutting, skidding, and loading amounting to 9.68 USD. Our findings indicate that restoration harvesting conducted in this manner under similar environmental conditions and price points may remain profitable for both landowners and logging companies. Moreover, the limitations of operating with a two-person crew resulted in minimal negative effects for both profitability and productivity, making it a viable option for similar restoration operations.","PeriodicalId":55998,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48679677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.1080/14942119.2022.2148440
C. N. Horton, S. Barrett, B. S. Hawks, W. M. Aust, M. Bolding
ABSTRACT Extensive forest harvesting within the southeastern United States may disturb soils, accelerate erosion, and increase stream sedimentation. Soil erosion is often accelerated by access features, such as decks, roads, skid trails, and stream crossings. Area of access features have been reported for small samples within specific regions yet have not been examined at larger scales. Areas of haul roads, stream crossings, decks, skid trails, and harvest areas within 112 clearcuts in 11 southeastern states and three regions (Mountains, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain) were measured. Analyses revealed that Mountain harvests (13.6 hectares) were smaller than Piedmont (18.1 hectares) and Coastal Plain (16.7 hectares) harvests. While there was substantial variability, only one significant difference was detected regarding percent areas for access features between Mountain (7.8%) and Coastal Plain (6.3%) skid trails. Area percentages in combined regional access features revealed that the smaller Mountain harvests had a greater percentage of area (13.3%) in access features than in the Piedmont (12.2%) and Coastal Plain (10.3%). Analyses also indicated that an increase in total harvest area was associated with a significant decrease in the percent area occupied by access features.
{"title":"Access feature areas within clearcut harvests by region across the southeastern US","authors":"C. N. Horton, S. Barrett, B. S. Hawks, W. M. Aust, M. Bolding","doi":"10.1080/14942119.2022.2148440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2022.2148440","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Extensive forest harvesting within the southeastern United States may disturb soils, accelerate erosion, and increase stream sedimentation. Soil erosion is often accelerated by access features, such as decks, roads, skid trails, and stream crossings. Area of access features have been reported for small samples within specific regions yet have not been examined at larger scales. Areas of haul roads, stream crossings, decks, skid trails, and harvest areas within 112 clearcuts in 11 southeastern states and three regions (Mountains, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain) were measured. Analyses revealed that Mountain harvests (13.6 hectares) were smaller than Piedmont (18.1 hectares) and Coastal Plain (16.7 hectares) harvests. While there was substantial variability, only one significant difference was detected regarding percent areas for access features between Mountain (7.8%) and Coastal Plain (6.3%) skid trails. Area percentages in combined regional access features revealed that the smaller Mountain harvests had a greater percentage of area (13.3%) in access features than in the Piedmont (12.2%) and Coastal Plain (10.3%). Analyses also indicated that an increase in total harvest area was associated with a significant decrease in the percent area occupied by access features.","PeriodicalId":55998,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49493548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1080/14942119.2022.2149003
Eero Holmström, J. Nikander, J. Backman, K. Väätäinen, J. Uusitalo, P. Jylhä
ABSTRACT Optimization of forwarding work on the trail network created by the harvester in cut-to-length operations carries much potential for increasing the efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of timber removal. While several approaches to this optimization task have been proposed, existing methods focus on optimizing a single objective at a time. In this work, a heuristic multi-objective optimization strategy for the problem is presented, where the route length, operation duration, and soil damage can be optimized simultaneously. The strategy is based on a tailored version of ant colony optimization and linear scalarization of the full multi-objective problem. The relative importance of the objectives can be set via tunable weights, and the approach is of a modular nature. Results on a realistically sized clearcut harvest site indicate that the strategy produces promising results and gives the expected qualitative behavior when optimizing either a single objective or two objectives at a time.
{"title":"A multi-objective optimization strategy for timber forwarding in cut-to-length harvesting operations","authors":"Eero Holmström, J. Nikander, J. Backman, K. Väätäinen, J. Uusitalo, P. Jylhä","doi":"10.1080/14942119.2022.2149003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2022.2149003","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Optimization of forwarding work on the trail network created by the harvester in cut-to-length operations carries much potential for increasing the efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of timber removal. While several approaches to this optimization task have been proposed, existing methods focus on optimizing a single objective at a time. In this work, a heuristic multi-objective optimization strategy for the problem is presented, where the route length, operation duration, and soil damage can be optimized simultaneously. The strategy is based on a tailored version of ant colony optimization and linear scalarization of the full multi-objective problem. The relative importance of the objectives can be set via tunable weights, and the approach is of a modular nature. Results on a realistically sized clearcut harvest site indicate that the strategy produces promising results and gives the expected qualitative behavior when optimizing either a single objective or two objectives at a time.","PeriodicalId":55998,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46999396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.1080/14942119.2022.2142367
J. Audy, M. Rönnqvist, S. D'Amours, Ala-Eddine Yahiaoui
ABSTRACT In the forest industry, transportation accounts for a significant part of the operational costs. Reducing transportation costs through advanced planning and improved efficiency has motivated considerable research efforts. A substantial part of the research has been devoted to planning methodology and decision support systems development to solve large complex vehicle routing problems in forest timber or roundwood transportation. This paper reviews the scientific contributions to timber transportation vehicle routing planning methodologies and decision support systems used in case studies found in the literature. The challenges of their deployment are discussed and future research opportunities are presented. Vehicle routing problems in timber transportation differ from general vehicle routing problems in many aspects. This paper also describes the industrial context, in which various timber transportation vehicle routing problems (TTVRPs) are intrinsic. Several attributes are identified that characterize the TTVRPs, for which various planning and solution methodologies have been implemented.
{"title":"Planning methods and decision support systems in vehicle routing problems for timber transportation: a review","authors":"J. Audy, M. Rönnqvist, S. D'Amours, Ala-Eddine Yahiaoui","doi":"10.1080/14942119.2022.2142367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2022.2142367","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the forest industry, transportation accounts for a significant part of the operational costs. Reducing transportation costs through advanced planning and improved efficiency has motivated considerable research efforts. A substantial part of the research has been devoted to planning methodology and decision support systems development to solve large complex vehicle routing problems in forest timber or roundwood transportation. This paper reviews the scientific contributions to timber transportation vehicle routing planning methodologies and decision support systems used in case studies found in the literature. The challenges of their deployment are discussed and future research opportunities are presented. Vehicle routing problems in timber transportation differ from general vehicle routing problems in many aspects. This paper also describes the industrial context, in which various timber transportation vehicle routing problems (TTVRPs) are intrinsic. Several attributes are identified that characterize the TTVRPs, for which various planning and solution methodologies have been implemented.","PeriodicalId":55998,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42674394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.1080/14942119.2022.2153321
R. Spinelli, N. Magagnotti, Giulio Cosola
ABSTRACT Interviews with 51 entrepreneurs indicated that Italian cable-yarding specialist companies are small-scale businesses with a workforce of 3 to 5 operators and an annual production of about 5000 m3 over bark. Their primary piece of equipment is a tower yarder, which relies on a support fleet consisting of adapted farm tractors and excavators. There is a clear divide between alpine and non-alpine entrepreneurs, the latter being less productive and somewhat more versatile than the former. That difference is likely dependent on the different work environment: alpine operators can rely on larger public owners, bigger softwood trees and more valuable timber products, whereas non-alpine loggers are constrained by fragmented private ownerships, smaller hardwood trees (often coppice) and less valuable firewood products. Non-alpine loggers also yard on shorter distances and use smaller towers. Further expansion of cable-logging south of the Alps could be achieved by developing new equipment capable of overcoming those limitations. In that regard, one may consider unguyed towers designed for live skyline operation.
{"title":"Characterizing cable-logging enterprises in Italy: production, workforce, equipment and potential for growth","authors":"R. Spinelli, N. Magagnotti, Giulio Cosola","doi":"10.1080/14942119.2022.2153321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2022.2153321","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Interviews with 51 entrepreneurs indicated that Italian cable-yarding specialist companies are small-scale businesses with a workforce of 3 to 5 operators and an annual production of about 5000 m3 over bark. Their primary piece of equipment is a tower yarder, which relies on a support fleet consisting of adapted farm tractors and excavators. There is a clear divide between alpine and non-alpine entrepreneurs, the latter being less productive and somewhat more versatile than the former. That difference is likely dependent on the different work environment: alpine operators can rely on larger public owners, bigger softwood trees and more valuable timber products, whereas non-alpine loggers are constrained by fragmented private ownerships, smaller hardwood trees (often coppice) and less valuable firewood products. Non-alpine loggers also yard on shorter distances and use smaller towers. Further expansion of cable-logging south of the Alps could be achieved by developing new equipment capable of overcoming those limitations. In that regard, one may consider unguyed towers designed for live skyline operation.","PeriodicalId":55998,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42173164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1080/14942119.2022.2139586
A. O. Akay
ABSTRACT Wood harvesting is a crucial element of sustainable forest management. Harvesting of wood and non-wood forest products has gained importance for increasing environmental services, economic development and sustainability of forests. The aim of this study was to reveal the efficiency values of regional forest directorates (RFD) for wood harvesting between 2015 and 2020 in Turkey using six input and two output variables. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) and k-means clustering analysis were used. From the results obtained, 35.7% of the 28 RFDs were efficient using the results of the input- and output-oriented Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (CCR) model. In the input-oriented CCR model, for inefficient decision-making units (DMUs) to become efficient, on average the variable that needs to be reduced the most is forest area, and the variable that needs to be reduced the least is allowable cutting. Conversely, in the output-oriented CCR model, an average potential increase of 23.84% in the harvest of industrial wood, and of 29.48% for fuelwood, was determined for the inefficient DMUs. In addition, according to the results of the k-means cluster analysis, it was found that the DMUs in the cluster distribution of inefficient DMUs were similar to each other in terms of location. It will make a positive contribution for inefficient DMUs to consider the efficient DMUs shown as references to reach the targeted input/output values to become efficient. In addition, the results of this study are important for enabling forest managers to make performance evaluations based on efficiency analyses.
{"title":"Wood harvesting efficiency analysis of regional forest directorates in Turkey: k-means clustering and data envelopment analysis approach","authors":"A. O. Akay","doi":"10.1080/14942119.2022.2139586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2022.2139586","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wood harvesting is a crucial element of sustainable forest management. Harvesting of wood and non-wood forest products has gained importance for increasing environmental services, economic development and sustainability of forests. The aim of this study was to reveal the efficiency values of regional forest directorates (RFD) for wood harvesting between 2015 and 2020 in Turkey using six input and two output variables. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) and k-means clustering analysis were used. From the results obtained, 35.7% of the 28 RFDs were efficient using the results of the input- and output-oriented Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (CCR) model. In the input-oriented CCR model, for inefficient decision-making units (DMUs) to become efficient, on average the variable that needs to be reduced the most is forest area, and the variable that needs to be reduced the least is allowable cutting. Conversely, in the output-oriented CCR model, an average potential increase of 23.84% in the harvest of industrial wood, and of 29.48% for fuelwood, was determined for the inefficient DMUs. In addition, according to the results of the k-means cluster analysis, it was found that the DMUs in the cluster distribution of inefficient DMUs were similar to each other in terms of location. It will make a positive contribution for inefficient DMUs to consider the efficient DMUs shown as references to reach the targeted input/output values to become efficient. In addition, the results of this study are important for enabling forest managers to make performance evaluations based on efficiency analyses.","PeriodicalId":55998,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46440439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-04DOI: 10.1080/14942119.2022.2127242
Felipe Nascimento de Faria, Eduardo da Silva Lopes, Jean Alberto Sampietro, Reinaldo José Correia
{"title":"Forest road density in flat and sloping site conditions in Brazil","authors":"Felipe Nascimento de Faria, Eduardo da Silva Lopes, Jean Alberto Sampietro, Reinaldo José Correia","doi":"10.1080/14942119.2022.2127242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2022.2127242","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55998,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44186915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-22DOI: 10.1080/14942119.2022.2124704
Joseph L. Conrad, IV
ABSTRACT Timber transportation is one of the greatest challenges facing the US South’s wood supply chain. Difficulties hiring qualified drivers and rising insurance premiums are among the challenges facing log truck owners. A survey of southern logging business owners was conducted during the summer of 2021 to document timber transportation practices, log truck liability insurance premiums and claims, and implementation rates for safety practices and technologies. Three hundred ninety logging business owners were invited to participate and 86 (22%) provided usable data. Logging business fleets consisted of an average of 7.6 trucks that delivered 3.6 loads of timber per day. Contract haulers delivered an average of 36% of the timber harvested. Ninety-two percent of respondents experienced log truck liability insurance premium increases between 2018 and 2021. Liability premiums ranged from less than $5,000 to over $30,000 (USD) truck−1 yr−1. Most logging businesses required daily pre-trip inspections, regular safety meetings, and annual driver reviews. Approximately 55% of companies used road-facing dash cameras and GPS tracking. Providing continuing education to existing drivers, training and recruiting new drivers, and increasing the use of technologies such as dash cameras could improve safety and prevent future insurance premium increases.
{"title":"Log truck insurance premiums, claims, and safety practices among logging businesses in the US South","authors":"Joseph L. Conrad, IV","doi":"10.1080/14942119.2022.2124704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2022.2124704","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Timber transportation is one of the greatest challenges facing the US South’s wood supply chain. Difficulties hiring qualified drivers and rising insurance premiums are among the challenges facing log truck owners. A survey of southern logging business owners was conducted during the summer of 2021 to document timber transportation practices, log truck liability insurance premiums and claims, and implementation rates for safety practices and technologies. Three hundred ninety logging business owners were invited to participate and 86 (22%) provided usable data. Logging business fleets consisted of an average of 7.6 trucks that delivered 3.6 loads of timber per day. Contract haulers delivered an average of 36% of the timber harvested. Ninety-two percent of respondents experienced log truck liability insurance premium increases between 2018 and 2021. Liability premiums ranged from less than $5,000 to over $30,000 (USD) truck−1 yr−1. Most logging businesses required daily pre-trip inspections, regular safety meetings, and annual driver reviews. Approximately 55% of companies used road-facing dash cameras and GPS tracking. Providing continuing education to existing drivers, training and recruiting new drivers, and increasing the use of technologies such as dash cameras could improve safety and prevent future insurance premium increases.","PeriodicalId":55998,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43985580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.1080/14942119.2022.2123668
Per Eriksson, A. Roos, C. Mark-Herbert
ABSTRACT Forest industries manage their wood supply chains for sustainability, efficiency, and value creation. Roundwood measuring is a crucial part of wood procurement to achieve the best total value and sharing of benefits between business partners in the supply chain. Industrial measurement is the dominant measuring technique used in Sweden, but the use of harvester measurement has gained increasing interest over the last decade. In this study, we analyzed how harvester measurement affects the wood procurement process regarding operations, supplier relationships, and total costs. The data was gathered through interviews with the analysis being supported by theoretical frameworks of lean thinking, supplier relationship management, and total cost of ownership. Harvester measurement has the potential to increase incentives for the purchaser to preserve the value created and improve control of the supply chain, thus leading to more efficient resource use. It also improves supplier relationships due to a simpler price list, which ultimately increases transparency. Lastly, forest industries may increase their profitability levels and competitiveness due to increased supply chain surplus and reduced total costs. Further research on quantitative measures is required to assess the significance of these effects, as well as the entire sustainability impact on the wood supply chain.
{"title":"The role of harvester measurement in the wood supply chain","authors":"Per Eriksson, A. Roos, C. Mark-Herbert","doi":"10.1080/14942119.2022.2123668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2022.2123668","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Forest industries manage their wood supply chains for sustainability, efficiency, and value creation. Roundwood measuring is a crucial part of wood procurement to achieve the best total value and sharing of benefits between business partners in the supply chain. Industrial measurement is the dominant measuring technique used in Sweden, but the use of harvester measurement has gained increasing interest over the last decade. In this study, we analyzed how harvester measurement affects the wood procurement process regarding operations, supplier relationships, and total costs. The data was gathered through interviews with the analysis being supported by theoretical frameworks of lean thinking, supplier relationship management, and total cost of ownership. Harvester measurement has the potential to increase incentives for the purchaser to preserve the value created and improve control of the supply chain, thus leading to more efficient resource use. It also improves supplier relationships due to a simpler price list, which ultimately increases transparency. Lastly, forest industries may increase their profitability levels and competitiveness due to increased supply chain surplus and reduced total costs. Further research on quantitative measures is required to assess the significance of these effects, as well as the entire sustainability impact on the wood supply chain.","PeriodicalId":55998,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47571052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.1080/14942119.2022.2121086
Taylor Richmond, R. Germain, K. Brown, R. Briggs, S. Stehman
ABSTRACT Tree-length harvesting with skidders is common in the Northeast US. Traditional rubber-tired skidders (with and without chains) make repeated passes over skid trails during a timber harvest. This traffic causes rutting and compaction which can lead to concentrated surface run-off and sediment delivery to streams. An innovation referred to as attachable tracks for wheeled logging equipment is designed to improve traction and reduce ground disturbance. In theory, increased traction could reduce rutting (negative soil displacement) and improve tire flotation and compaction while providing loggers with an accessible and durable tool. We examined rutting, soil bulk density and mechanical resistance using attachable single-wheel tracks versus traditional chains and bare tires in a randomized controlled study. Soil bulk density did not differ among the three tire cover types. Bare tires caused the least mechanical resistance followed by tracks then chains. After one year of recovery of the skid trails, bare tires resulted in the lowest mechanical resistance and single-wheel tracks the highest. Soil profile measurements were similar across the three tire cover types with very shallow rutting that was less than 5 cm; however, tracks did create statistically significantly deeper ruts than bare tires and chains. These results do not make a compelling case that single-wheel tracks have less impact on forest soils compared to either chains or bare tires.
{"title":"Comparing single-wheel attachable tracks to chains and bare tires on skidders for mitigating soil disturbance during harvesting operations","authors":"Taylor Richmond, R. Germain, K. Brown, R. Briggs, S. Stehman","doi":"10.1080/14942119.2022.2121086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2022.2121086","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tree-length harvesting with skidders is common in the Northeast US. Traditional rubber-tired skidders (with and without chains) make repeated passes over skid trails during a timber harvest. This traffic causes rutting and compaction which can lead to concentrated surface run-off and sediment delivery to streams. An innovation referred to as attachable tracks for wheeled logging equipment is designed to improve traction and reduce ground disturbance. In theory, increased traction could reduce rutting (negative soil displacement) and improve tire flotation and compaction while providing loggers with an accessible and durable tool. We examined rutting, soil bulk density and mechanical resistance using attachable single-wheel tracks versus traditional chains and bare tires in a randomized controlled study. Soil bulk density did not differ among the three tire cover types. Bare tires caused the least mechanical resistance followed by tracks then chains. After one year of recovery of the skid trails, bare tires resulted in the lowest mechanical resistance and single-wheel tracks the highest. Soil profile measurements were similar across the three tire cover types with very shallow rutting that was less than 5 cm; however, tracks did create statistically significantly deeper ruts than bare tires and chains. These results do not make a compelling case that single-wheel tracks have less impact on forest soils compared to either chains or bare tires.","PeriodicalId":55998,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forest Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42564788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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