Organic Process Research & Development最新文献

Sodium salicylate can be formed by carboxylation of solid sodium phenol particles with carbon dioxide gas under certain conditions. Single-factor experiments were carried out with self-made dried sodium phenol particles in a batch high-pressure reactor. It was determined that the carboxylation reaction of sodium phenol particles was more suitable under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 160 °C, a reaction pressure of 0.55 MPa, a reaction time of about 40 min, and a stirring speed of 50 rpm. Besides that, the water content of the material also had important effects on the yield. Through the establishment of the kinetic model of the carboxylation reaction between solid sodium phenol particles and carbon dioxide gas, the control step of the reaction temperature at 150 and 160 °C was determined as ash layer diffusion, and the kinetic equation was further calculated. The research results can provide the basic technological conditions and kinetic data of the carboxylation reaction of sodium phenol particles and provide a reference for the development of a continuous and efficient production process of sodium phenol carboxylation.

BMS-986409 is a novel ligand-directed degrader of the androgen receptor developed by Bristol Myers Squibb Company for the treatment of metastable castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) has an (R,R) configuration and three minor stereoisomers, including (R,S), (S,R), and (S,S) isomers. During pharmaceutical formulation development, methanol adducts were found in spray-dried dispersion (SDD) materials at alarming levels. To investigate the formation mechanism of methanol adducts, we successfully developed an ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography achiral method and a supercritical fluid chromatography chiral method to separate all potential methanol adducts and stereoisomers of BMS-986409. It is concluded that ring-opening at the 2-position of the gluarimide moiety (Pathway 1) is the favored formation mechanism of methanol adducts during the BMS-986409 SDD manufacturing process and epimerization can be neglected. However, under basic conditions, ring-opening at the 6-position of the gluarimide moiety (Pathway 2) becomes dominant and, in the meantime, epimerization is promoted to a great extent. The knowledge collected by leveraging the SFC chiral method gives us the needed confidence in the analytical impurity control strategy that solely relies on the achiral method for monitoring methanol adduct impurities in SDD materials and sample release in future pharmaceutical development.

This study presents the development of the crystallization process for the rivaroxaban–oxalic acid cocrystal. The solvent screening was conducted by means of the crystallization of the cocrystal from a saturated solution of acetone, ethanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, and ethyl formate. Two selected solvents, namely, ethyl formate and acetone, were subjected to ternary phase diagram construction in order to ascertain the system equilibrium and identify the boundaries for pure cocrystal crystallization. The crystallization process was subsequently examined through the utilization of an in situ Raman spectroscopy probe. It was observed that the rate of transformation decreased at higher temperatures, which is most probably due to lower saturation in terms of the cocrystal. The reaction mechanism was observed by an in situ imaging probe, showing that new crystals were growing directly from the solution instead of growing from the surface of existing crystals. These findings were employed in the development of a crystallization process for both solvents, resulting in enhanced time and cost efficiency. A notable difference in particle size was observed between solvents, with acetone producing larger crystals. Consequently, ethyl formate was selected as the optimal solvent for further scale-up of the process, given its favorable impact on dissolution enhancement.