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Decolonizing land management in institutions of higher education 高等教育机构土地管理的非殖民化
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-29 DOI: 10.1080/1747423X.2021.2011969
Laura O’Brien, Praneeta Mudaliar
ABSTRACT Many institutions of higher education (IHE) were founded on and continue to benefit from the violent dispossession of Indigenous Land. IHE and Land managed by IHE frame scientific knowledge as universal, marginalizing Indigenous, non-Eurocentric perspectives and knowledge. Including local and Indigenous knowledge systems in IHE Land management has implications for fostering resilient socio-ecological systems as well as for decolonizing IHE Land management. However, scholarship on what kinds of knowledge systems are included in Land managed by IHE is lacking. Subsequently, interventions to decolonize IHE Land management are also absent. Through qualitative methods, this study examines knowledges included in IHE Land management plans. Findings show scientific knowledge dominates the plans, followed by local knowledge and professional knowledge, with almost no Indigenous knowledge. The absence of Indigenous knowledge in IHE Land management supports calls for changes to IHE knowledge production and rematriating Indigenous Land to Indigenous communities. The study concludes with implications for decolonizing IHE Land management in higher education and beyond.
许多高等教育机构(IHE)建立在暴力剥夺土著土地的基础上,并继续从中受益。IHE和由IHE管理的Land将科学知识框架为普遍的、边缘化的土著的、非欧洲中心的观点和知识。在IHE土地管理中纳入当地和土著知识系统,对培养具有复原力的社会生态系统以及IHE土地管理的非殖民化具有重要意义。然而,对于IHE管理的土地究竟包含什么样的知识系统,目前还缺乏相关的研究。因此,对土地管理非殖民化的干预也不存在。通过定性方法,本研究考察了IHE土地管理计划中包含的知识。研究结果显示,科学知识占主导地位,其次是地方知识和专业知识,几乎没有土著知识。土著部落土地管理中土著知识的缺乏支持了改变土著部落知识生产和将土著土地归还土著社区的呼吁。该研究的结论是对高等教育及其他领域非殖民化土地管理的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Examining the relationship between migration and land cover change in rural U.S.: evidence from Ohio, United States, between 2008 and 2016 研究美国农村移民与土地覆盖变化之间的关系:来自美国俄亥俄州2008年至2016年的证据
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.1080/1747423X.2021.2020920
Sohyun Park, R. Chapman, D. Munroe
ABSTRACT Rural migration is an integral component of land systems, altering land management both at the origin and destination of migration in regions of Europe and North America. We examine population moving in and out of rural areas in Ohio, U.S.A, between 2008 and 2016 and examine spatiotemporal patterns in land cover. Among families changing residential location, one-third of all household moving events are migration from or to rural areas. A PCA ordination and cluster analysis of rural migration revealed qualitatively distinct patterns. Urban peripheries grew due to in-migration from metro suburban areas, while agricultural and forested areas reflect intra-rural and micropolitan migration. Forested communities have lost population to other rural areas, and rural poverty pockets have gained low-income families from both rural and metro urban areas. Spatial analysis of rural migration patterns and associations with land use helps develop targeted land management strategies and reveals under-represented dynamics in prior studies.
摘要:农村移民是土地制度的一个组成部分,它改变了欧洲和北美地区移民来源地和目的地的土地管理。我们研究了2008年至2016年间美国俄亥俄州农村地区人口的进出情况,并研究了土地覆盖的时空模式。在改变居住地点的家庭中,三分之一的家庭迁移事件是从农村地区迁移或迁移到农村地区。对农村移民的主成分分析排序和聚类分析揭示了质的不同模式。城市周边地区的增长是由于大都市郊区的移民,而农业和森林地区反映了农村内部和微型城市的移民。森林社区的人口流失到其他农村地区,农村贫困地区的低收入家庭从农村和大都市地区获得。对农村移民模式及其与土地利用的关系进行空间分析,有助于制定有针对性的土地管理战略,并揭示先前研究中代表性不足的动态。
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引用次数: 4
Identifying drivers of change and predicting future land-use impacts in established farmlands 确定变化的驱动因素并预测现有农田未来的土地利用影响
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.1080/1747423X.2021.2018061
A. Wartenberg, D. Moanga, V. Butsic
ABSTRACT There is growing consensus that global food systems will need to undergo substantial transformations to ensure continued food security and to halt environmental degradation. Such efforts will have to include more sustainable management of existing farmscapes. Here, we examine drivers of cropland transitions between 13 crop commodities cultivated in Kern County, California. We parameterized multinomial logistic regression models of crop choices, using observed data from 2002 to 2018. We then simulated future crop choices under three scenarios exploring the consequences of climate change, water shortages and policy response, and projected impacts on three agroecosystem pressures (water-use, soil erosion, pesticide-use), and three agroecosystem services (profits, nutrition, and carbon sequestration). Agricultural land-use transitions were especially sensitive to biophysical factors, profits and neighborhood effects. Our results illustrate how climate change may lead to landscape-level crop replacement by 2050, with likely significant socio-ecological consequences.
越来越多的人认为,全球粮食系统需要进行重大变革,以确保持续的粮食安全和阻止环境退化。这种努力必须包括对现有农场景观进行更可持续的管理。在这里,我们研究了加利福尼亚州克恩县种植的13种作物商品之间农田过渡的驱动因素。我们使用2002年至2018年的观测数据对作物选择的多项逻辑回归模型进行了参数化。然后,我们在三种情景下模拟了未来的作物选择,探讨了气候变化、水资源短缺和政策应对的后果,并预测了对三种农业生态系统压力(水利用、土壤侵蚀、农药使用)和三种农业生态系统服务(利润、营养和碳封存)的影响。农业土地利用转型对生物物理因素、利润和邻里效应尤为敏感。我们的研究结果表明,到2050年,气候变化可能导致景观级作物替代,并可能产生重大的社会生态后果。
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引用次数: 2
A dichotomy of domestic and academic pathways: challenges of motherhood in an international doctoral program on land science 国内和学术道路的二分法:国际土地科学博士项目中的母性挑战
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1080/1747423X.2021.2015002
Sara Velander, Fernanda Silva Martinelli, Dewi Idam Sari, Fatima Ali, Lisa Biber-Freudenberger
ABSTRACT Dichotomies emerge among early-career land scientists when balancing their career goals with family obligations, exhibiting differences in gender and regions. Through on-line surveys, we examined the interconnection between family obligations and doctoral performance through a gender lens on an international sample of doctoral students. The analysis of the findings indicated that more women than men in the doctoral program were responsible for family obligations, with mothers experiencing a prolonged duration of completing their doctorates and a lower publication rate. Majority of the respondents, primarily women from the Global North, decided not to be parents due to anticipated challenges with maintaining a work-life balance exacerbated by traditional gender roles, limited financial support for childcare, and high demands of academia. The constraints of early-career land scientists, particularly mothers from the Global South living apart from relatives, need to be addressed for institutes to strengthen international gender equality in land science.
摘要:在职业生涯早期的土地科学家中,当平衡他们的职业目标和家庭义务时,会出现二分法,表现出性别和地区的差异。通过在线调查,我们通过对国际博士生样本的性别视角,研究了家庭义务与博士生表现之间的相互关系。对研究结果的分析表明,在博士项目中,承担家庭义务的女性多于男性,母亲完成博士学位的时间较长,发表率较低。大多数受访者,主要是来自全球北方的女性,决定不为人父母,因为传统的性别角色、对儿童保育的财政支持有限以及学术界的高需求加剧了维持工作与生活平衡的预期挑战。需要解决早期职业土地科学家的制约因素,特别是来自全球南方的母亲与亲属分离的问题,以便各研究所加强土地科学领域的国际性别平等。
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引用次数: 1
A long way to go: gender and diversity in land use science 还有很长的路要走:土地利用科学中的性别和多样性
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1080/1747423X.2021.2015001
H. Kamau, Uyen Tran, Lisa Biber-Freudenberger
ABSTRACT Female scientists and researchers with diverse cultural backgrounds, especially of the Global South, are underrepresented in scientific systems. This is also the case for land use science and even for research teams researching in Global South countries. To assess trends in gender parity, ethnic diversity and intersectionality in this field, we conducted a meta-analysis based on systematic literature review that included 316,390 peer-reviewed journal articles. We found that 27% of all authors between 2000–2021 represented women. Ethnicity representation was biased towards White researchers (62%) followed by Asian (30%), Hispanic (6%) and Black (2%) researchers. Intersection of inequalities further underrepresented Black and Hispanic women when author positions were considered, giving Black women 0.6% chance of becoming first authors in land use science in comparison to 19.3% chance of White women. Supportive actions to empower women are needed to reduce intersectional inequalities and to achieve the sustainable development goals.
摘要:具有不同文化背景的女性科学家和研究人员,尤其是来自全球南方的女性,在科学体系中的代表性不足。土地利用科学,甚至是在全球南方国家进行研究的研究团队也是如此。为了评估该领域性别平等、种族多样性和交叉性的趋势,我们在系统文献综述的基础上进行了一项荟萃分析,其中包括316390篇同行评审期刊文章。我们发现,在2000-2001年间,27%的作者代表女性。种族代表性偏向白人研究人员(62%),其次是亚裔(30%)、西班牙裔(6%)和黑人(2%)。在考虑作者职位时,不平等的交叉点使黑人和西班牙裔女性的代表性进一步不足,黑人女性成为土地利用科学第一作者的机会为0.6%,而白人女性的机会为19.3%。需要采取扶持行动,赋予妇女权力,以减少部门间的不平等现象,实现可持续发展目标。
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引用次数: 6
Positionality, ‘the field,’ and implications for knowledge production and research ethics in land change science 土地变化科学中的定位、“领域”及其对知识生产和研究伦理的影响
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.1080/1747423X.2021.2015000
H. Hausermann, J. Adomako
ABSTRACT Fieldwork is often framed as an individualistic rite of passage, wherein the researcher is a ‘neutral’ observer, thereby obscuring gender, racial and citizenship hierarchies. Feminist scholars have pushed against this assumption, leading to insights on researchers’ roles in fieldwork relations and knowledge production. We combine feminist perspectives and land change science (LCS) approaches to examine interactions between researcher positoinality and knowledge production. While ‘the field’ is a critical component in LCS research, there is a dearth of critical work on positionality. We examine how our positionalities – as a black, Ghanaian graduate student and a white, tenured professor – produce differential fieldwork relations. We link our experiences and relations to methods, results and ethics, revealing important implications for LCS researchers. We conclude by suggesting validation of self-reflection on positionality, as well as disruption of white hetero-patriarchism, create inclusive spaces, in terms of social differences, epistemology and methodology.
田野调查通常被视为一种个人主义的成人仪式,其中研究者是一个“中立”的观察者,因此模糊了性别、种族和公民身份的等级。女权主义学者反对这一假设,从而对研究人员在实地工作关系和知识生产中的角色产生了见解。我们将女权主义观点与土地变化科学(LCS)方法相结合,研究研究者的积极性与知识生产之间的相互作用。虽然“领域”是LCS研究的关键组成部分,但缺乏关于定位的关键工作。我们研究了我们的身份——作为一名黑人加纳研究生和一名白人终身教授——是如何产生不同的实地工作关系的。我们将我们的经验和关系与方法、结果和伦理联系起来,揭示了对LCS研究人员的重要启示。最后,我们建议在社会差异、认识论和方法论方面,验证对位置性的自我反思,以及对白人异性父权制的破坏,创造包容性空间。
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引用次数: 2
The Effect of Ozone-Electric Treatment on the Enrichment and Transfer of Heavy Metal Cu in Sludge 臭氧-电处理对污泥中重金属Cu富集转移的影响
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-09 DOI: 10.30560/ls.v3n2p1
Peng Yang, J. Liu, Ru Ying Li, Chunwu Song
In order to explore a safe, effective way to use sludge as agricultural fertilizer it is necessary to effectively separate and remove the heavy metals embedded in sludge. In the study, the ozone-electric two-stage treatment was used to transform heavy metal copper in the sludge, and then the treated sludge was used for maize production and the transferring of Cu in cultivation medium and plants, and the enrichment effect of Cu in plant were investigated. According to composition of culture substance, five treatments were set in maize planting experiments: CK, Agricultural soil without addition; T1, Agricultural soil supplemented with raw sludge; T2, Agricultural soil treated with ozone sludge; T3, Agricultural soil with ozone treated and electric treated sludge; T4, Agricultural soil added with common organic fertilizer. The results showed that in different treatments, the Cu content of organs showed the order of root> stem> leaf> cob> grain. Comparing root Cu content, the lowest was in T1 treatment, which was 11.60 mg/kg, while the lowest of grain Cu content was found in CK treatment, which was 1.36 mg/kg. In the upper, middle and lower soil layers, the highest and lowest Cu content was in T4 and CK, respectively. In both middle and lower soil layers, the Cu content of T1, T2 and T3 sludge treatments had a trend of T1>T2>T3; the difference of the Cu enrichment ability between different organs is not significant in the same soil layer. From each treatment, the Cu enrichment ability of plant of CK was higher than that of other treatments. According to the ability of Cu transferring to the above-ground part of plant, treatments are ranked as CK>T3>T4>T1>T2. The transferring of Cu from soil to plant was mainly affected by fertilizer level and the transferring rate of Cu from soil to stem, leaf and root was relatively high, but it was hardly affected by sludge. In summary, after ozone-electro treatment, the application of sludge does not significantly affect the Cu content in maize, and the Cu content in each treatment does not exceed the limit value of agricultural production.
为了探索一种安全、有效地利用污泥作为农业肥料的方法,必须对污泥中所含的重金属进行有效的分离和去除。本研究采用臭氧-电两级处理对污泥中的重金属铜进行转化,处理后的污泥用于玉米生产,并在培养基和植株中进行Cu的转移,研究了Cu在植株中的富集效果。玉米种植试验按培养基成分设置5个处理:CK、农用土不添加;T1、农用土加原污泥;T2、臭氧污泥处理农业土壤;T3、臭氧处理和电处理污泥的农业土壤;T4、农用土壤加普通有机肥。结果表明:在不同处理下,各器官铜含量表现为根>茎>叶>穗轴>粒。根系Cu含量以T1处理最低,为11.60 mg/kg,籽粒Cu含量以CK处理最低,为1.36 mg/kg。在上、中、下层土壤中,T4和CK的Cu含量最高、最低。在中下层土壤中,T1、T2和T3污泥处理的Cu含量均呈现T1>T2>T3的趋势;在同一土层中,不同器官对铜的富集能力差异不显著。从各处理来看,CK植株富集Cu的能力均高于其他处理。根据Cu向植株地上部转移的能力,处理顺序为CK>T3>T4>T1>T2。土壤中铜向植物的转移主要受肥料水平的影响,土壤中铜向茎、叶和根的转移速率较高,但受污泥影响不大。综上所述,臭氧电处理后,污泥的施用对玉米中Cu含量的影响不显著,各处理的Cu含量均未超过农业生产限定值。
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引用次数: 0
Sixty years of land-use and land-cover change dynamics in a global biodiversity hotspot under threat from global change 全球变化威胁下的全球生物多样性热点60年土地利用和土地覆盖变化动态
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/1747423X.2021.2011970
Katherine Hermosilla-Palma, P. Pliscoff, Mauricio Folchi
ABSTRACT Constitución County in Chile shows one of the highest landscape transformations in the world due to the expansion of forest plantations. This work describes the land use/cover dynamics over a long period extending over 60 years in Constitución County. The results showed that 60% of the county extent was covered by natural vegetationt in 1955. However, forest plantation increased to 36% by 1975 and reached 72% by 2014. This expansion was mainly achieved by replacing native vegetation revealing evidence of the impact of forest plantations on native vegetation even before decree-law 701 (1974). Forest plantation expansion produced fragmentation and loss of natural habitat, and 50% of the remaining habitats showed low habitat quality by 2014. Finally, in 2017 a wildfire burned 77% and 42% of the remaining native forest and shrubland. These results showed the long-lasting impact of forest plantations, underpinning the need to move towards a new sustainable forest model.
由于森林种植园的扩张,智利的Constitución县显示了世界上最高的景观变化之一。本文描述了Constitución县60多年来的土地利用/覆被动态。结果表明,1955年全县自然植被覆盖率达60%。然而,到1975年,人工林增加到36%,到2014年达到72%。这种扩大主要是通过取代原生植被来实现的,这表明在第701号法令(1974)之前就有证据表明森林人工林对原生植被的影响。人工林扩张导致自然生境破碎化和丧失,到2014年,50%的剩余生境表现为低生境质量。最后,在2017年,一场野火烧毁了77%和42%的剩余原始森林和灌木丛。这些结果显示了森林人工林的长期影响,表明有必要转向新的可持续森林模式。
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引用次数: 5
Spatial planning zoning based on land-type mapping: a case study in Changzhou City, Eastern China 基于土地类型图的空间规划区划——以常州市为例
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/1747423X.2021.2011968
Yu Gao, P. Jiang, Manchun Li
ABSTRACT In China, land-use policy-making relies on spatial planning zoning based on land suitability assessments. Given the complexity of land resources, there is no universally agreed suitability assessment index system. Land-type research, which aims to map interactions among environmental components (e.g. landform, soil type, and land cover, etc.) can identify units with certain homogeneity of land characteristics, providing a unified framework for land suitability assessments. Combining multi-source data and geospatial analysis methods, we identified the agricultural land quality and urban functional areas as proxies for land-use intensities, and proposed a 1:100,000 hierarchical classification system, which integrated landform, soil type, land-use type, and land-use intensity. The land in Changzhou City was classified into 3 classes, 37 subclasses, and 137 land units. Comprehensive knowledge about the characteristics of land units further generated a qualitative land suitability analysis and village-scale spatial planning zones based on expert knowledge without an auxiliary suitability assessment index system.
摘要在中国,土地利用决策依赖于基于土地适宜性评估的空间规划区划。鉴于土地资源的复杂性,目前还没有一个公认的适宜性评估指标体系。土地类型研究旨在绘制环境组成部分(如地形、土壤类型和土地覆盖等)之间的相互作用图,可以识别具有一定同质性的土地特征单元,为土地适宜性评估提供统一的框架。结合多源数据和地理空间分析方法,我们确定了农业用地质量和城市功能区作为土地利用强度的指标,并提出了一个1:100000的分级分类系统,该系统综合了地形、土壤类型、土地利用类型和土地利用强度。将常州市土地划分为3类,37个亚类,137个土地单元。对土地单元特征的综合了解,在没有辅助适宜性评估指标体系的情况下,基于专家知识,进一步生成了定性的土地适宜性分析和村庄尺度空间规划区。
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引用次数: 1
Strategic land-use planning instruments in tropical regions: state of the art and future research 热带地区战略性土地使用规划工具:最新进展和未来研究
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/1747423X.2021.2015471
E. Oliveira, P. Meyfroidt
ABSTRACT Human-induced activities are threatening the socio-economic and ecological sustainability of land systems globally, including in tropical, low-income regions. In these regions, land-use planning is used to assess, manage, and monitor the physical, social, and economic conditions of territories and thus assist agribusiness, smallholder farmers, and other land users. There is, however, a lack of systematic studies identifying strategic land-use planning instruments and further detailing the extent to which their characteristics support land governance. In this paper, we attempt to address this gap. Based on a literature review, we identified three clusters of instruments, supporting land-use planning: (I) land-assessment instruments, (II) land-zoning instruments, and (III) participatory instruments. Plan-implementation instruments were not found. We conclude by sketching future research on (i) land tenure–planning nexus, (ii) streamlining plan-implementation, and (iii) transdisciplinary planning processes, intended to expand further the importance of the strategic approach in land-use planning in terms of governing tropical landscapes.
人类活动正威胁着全球土地系统的社会经济和生态可持续性,包括热带和低收入地区。在这些地区,土地使用规划用于评估、管理和监测领土的自然、社会和经济状况,从而帮助农业综合企业、小农和其他土地使用者。但是,缺乏系统的研究来确定战略性土地使用规划工具,并进一步详细说明这些工具的特点在多大程度上支持土地管理。在本文中,我们试图解决这一差距。基于文献综述,我们确定了支持土地利用规划的三组工具:(I)土地评估工具,(II)土地区划工具和(III)参与性工具。没有找到执行计划的文书。最后,我们概述了未来在以下方面的研究:(i)土地使用权-规划关系,(ii)简化计划实施,以及(iii)跨学科规划过程,旨在进一步扩大战略方法在管理热带景观方面土地利用规划中的重要性。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Land Use Science
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