This manuscript provides an overview of the microbiota profile associated with precancerous lesions in the esophagus, stomach, and large bowel.
The critical review of the available data reveals significant variability in the methods used for microbiota profiling. This variability may affect the reliable identification of specific biological links between histologically profiled neoplastic diseases and the microbiota population.
Overall, this critical review reveals significant links between microbiota communities and the different lesions within the spectrum of the oncogenetic cascade in various epidemiological contexts and anatomical districts.
{"title":"Microbiota in gastrointestinal malignancies","authors":"Ludovica Bricca , Serena Porcari , Edoardo Savarino , Massimo Rugge","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This manuscript provides an overview of the microbiota profile associated with precancerous lesions in the esophagus, stomach, and large bowel.</div><div>The critical review of the available data reveals significant variability in the methods used for microbiota profiling. This variability may affect the reliable identification of specific biological links between histologically profiled neoplastic diseases and the microbiota population.</div><div>Overall, this critical review reveals significant links between microbiota communities and the different lesions within the spectrum of the oncogenetic cascade in various epidemiological contexts and anatomical districts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101953"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101924
Sandra Garcia-Mateo , Debora Rondinella , Francesca Romana Ponziani , Luca Miele , Antonio Gasbarrini , Giovanni Cammarota , Ángel Lanas , Fernando Gomollón
Gut microbiota plays key functions in the human body, and its alteration is associated with several human disorders. Moreover, its manipulation is being investigated as a potential therapeutic strategy. In this narrative review we will dissect the involvement of the gut microbiota and of the gut–liver axis on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Additionally, we will review the effects of lifestyle interventions commonly used for MASLD (i.e. Mediterranean diet and physical exercise) on gut microbiome, to understand if their beneficial effect can be microbially mediated. Finally, we will discuss the role and the available evidence of therapeutic microbiome modulators, including prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), in the management of MASLD.
{"title":"Gut microbiome and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Pathogenic role and potential for therapeutics","authors":"Sandra Garcia-Mateo , Debora Rondinella , Francesca Romana Ponziani , Luca Miele , Antonio Gasbarrini , Giovanni Cammarota , Ángel Lanas , Fernando Gomollón","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gut microbiota plays key functions in the human body, and its alteration is associated with several human disorders. Moreover, its manipulation is being investigated as a potential therapeutic strategy. In this narrative review we will dissect the involvement of the gut microbiota and of the gut–liver axis on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Additionally, we will review the effects of lifestyle interventions commonly used for MASLD (i.e. Mediterranean diet and physical exercise) on gut microbiome, to understand if their beneficial effect can be microbially mediated. Finally, we will discuss the role and the available evidence of therapeutic microbiome modulators, including prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), in the management of MASLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101924"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141057863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101955
Paweł Józefczuk , Jarosław Biliński , Aleksandra Minkowska , Paweł Łaguna
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is used in children as a treatment for various cancers, e.g. acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), or other diseases, e.g. severe congenital immunodeficiency, metabolic disorders, hence the patient population is quite diverse. There is an increasing interest on the role of the microbiome in peri-transplant period. In this review, concepts of HSCT with the focus on the importance of microbiome composition, its changes during treatment and possible microbiota oriented interventions will be discussed. This paper analyzes data in pediatric population, but in view of interesting results and absence of analogous data for pediatric patients, it also looks at studies performed on adult population and pre-clinical trials on animals discussing possible translation to children.
{"title":"Gut microbiome in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","authors":"Paweł Józefczuk , Jarosław Biliński , Aleksandra Minkowska , Paweł Łaguna","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is used in children as a treatment for various cancers, e.g. acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), or other diseases, e.g. severe congenital immunodeficiency, metabolic disorders, hence the patient population is quite diverse. There is an increasing interest on the role of the microbiome in peri-transplant period. In this review, concepts of HSCT with the focus on the importance of microbiome composition, its changes during treatment and possible microbiota oriented interventions will be discussed. This paper analyzes data in pediatric population, but in view of interesting results and absence of analogous data for pediatric patients, it also looks at studies performed on adult population and pre-clinical trials on animals discussing possible translation to children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101955"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101951
Giulia Catassi , Elena Lener , Maria Maddalena Grattagliano , Sofya Motuz , Maria Antonietta Zavarella , Stefano Bibbò , Giovanni Cammarota , Antonio Gasbarrini , Gianluca Ianiro , Carlo Catassi
Gluten-related disorders (GRD) include celiac disease (CD), non celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) and wheat allergy (WA), conditions that are associated with the ingestion of gluten-containing food. Gut microbiota composition and function may be involved in the pathogenesis of GRD. In untreated CD the microbiota is characterized by a reduction in beneficial microbes like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and an increase in pathogenic ones such as Bacteroides and E. coli. Dysbiosis is a hallmark of CD, persists across various disease stages and is only partially corrected by a gluten-free diet. NCGS patients show a different microbial profile, with a notable decrease in microbial richness, and an increase of Ruminococcaceae and decrease of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria. The increase of certain bacterial groups such as Clostridium and Anaerobacter, in contrast with the decline of Bacteroides and Clostridium XVIII, marks a distinctive microbial signature associated with allergic responses to food. Mechanisms linking the gut microbiota to the development of GRD include effects on the gut barrier function, microbiota-mediated immune response to gluten, and an impact of microbial metabolites on gluten digestion and tolerance.
Although the gluten-free diet is the primary therapy of GRDs, treatment with probiotics may contribute to improve the natural history of these disorders, for instance by minimizing the damaging effects of gluten contamination and accelerating the catch-up growth at the beginning of the dietary treatment of CD. Additional high-quality trials are still needed to identify and standardize the use of probiotics/prebiotics in GRDs.
{"title":"The role of microbiome in the development of gluten-related disorders","authors":"Giulia Catassi , Elena Lener , Maria Maddalena Grattagliano , Sofya Motuz , Maria Antonietta Zavarella , Stefano Bibbò , Giovanni Cammarota , Antonio Gasbarrini , Gianluca Ianiro , Carlo Catassi","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gluten-related disorders (GRD) include celiac disease (CD), non celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) and wheat allergy (WA), conditions that are associated with the ingestion of gluten-containing food. Gut microbiota composition and function may be involved in the pathogenesis of GRD. In untreated CD the microbiota is characterized by a reduction in beneficial microbes like <em>Lactobacillus</em> and <em>Bifidobacterium</em> and an increase in pathogenic ones such as <em>Bacteroides</em> and <em>E. coli</em>. Dysbiosis is a hallmark of CD, persists across various disease stages and is only partially corrected by a gluten-free diet. NCGS patients show a different microbial profile, with a notable decrease in microbial richness, and an increase of Ruminococcaceae and decrease of <em>Bacteroidetes</em> and <em>Fusobacteria</em>. The increase of certain bacterial groups such as <em>Clostridium</em> and <em>Anaerobacter</em>, in contrast with the decline of <em>Bacteroides</em> and <em>Clostridium XVIII</em>, marks a distinctive microbial signature associated with allergic responses to food. Mechanisms linking the gut microbiota to the development of GRD include effects on the gut barrier function, microbiota-mediated immune response to gluten, and an impact of microbial metabolites on gluten digestion and tolerance.</div><div>Although the gluten-free diet is the primary therapy of GRDs, treatment with probiotics may contribute to improve the natural history of these disorders, for instance by minimizing the damaging effects of gluten contamination and accelerating the catch-up growth at the beginning of the dietary treatment of CD. Additional high-quality trials are still needed to identify and standardize the use of probiotics/prebiotics in GRDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101951"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101961
Pallavi Huma Arya, Bhamini Vadhwana, Munir Tarazi
{"title":"Microbial dysbiosis in gastric cancer: Association or causation?","authors":"Pallavi Huma Arya, Bhamini Vadhwana, Munir Tarazi","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101961","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101961"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/S1521-6918(24)00092-1
{"title":"Copyright Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1521-6918(24)00092-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1521-6918(24)00092-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101967"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101945
Thomas Ryan , Sophia Ling , Andrew Trinh , Jonathan P. Segal
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionised management for a variety of different types of malignancies. However, gastrointestinal adverse effects, in particular colitis and hepatitis, are relatively common with up to 30 % of patients being affected. The gut microbiome has emerged as a potential contributor to both the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors and their side effects. This review will attempt to examine the impact the microbiome has on adverse effects as a result of immune checkpoint inhibitors as well as the potential for manipulation of the microbiome as a form of management for immune mediated colitis.
{"title":"The role of the microbiome in immune checkpoint inhibitor colitis and hepatitis","authors":"Thomas Ryan , Sophia Ling , Andrew Trinh , Jonathan P. Segal","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionised management for a variety of different types of malignancies. However, gastrointestinal adverse effects, in particular colitis and hepatitis, are relatively common with up to 30 % of patients being affected. The gut microbiome has emerged as a potential contributor to both the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors and their side effects. This review will attempt to examine the impact the microbiome has on adverse effects as a result of immune checkpoint inhibitors as well as the potential for manipulation of the microbiome as a form of management for immune mediated colitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101945"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101941
William Fusco , Ludovica Bricca , Francesco Kaitsas , Maria Francesca Tartaglia , Irene Venturini , Massimo Rugge , Antonio Gasbarrini , Giovanni Cammarota , Gianluca Ianiro
Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer, with a significant burden on healthcare and social systems. Its incidence is constantly rising, due to the spread of unhealthy lifestyle, i.e. Western diet. Increasing evidence suggests that westernization-driven microbiome alterations may play a critical role in colorectal tumorigenesis. The current screening strategies for this neoplasm, mainly fecal immunochemical tests, are burdened by unsatisfactory accuracy. Novel, non-invasive biomarkers are rising as the new frontier of colorectal cancer screening, and the microbiome-based ones are showing positive and optimistic results. This Review describes our current knowledge on the role of gut microbiota in colorectal cancer, from its pathogenetic action to its clinical potential as diagnostic biomarker.
{"title":"Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer: From pathogenesis to clinic","authors":"William Fusco , Ludovica Bricca , Francesco Kaitsas , Maria Francesca Tartaglia , Irene Venturini , Massimo Rugge , Antonio Gasbarrini , Giovanni Cammarota , Gianluca Ianiro","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer, with a significant burden on healthcare and social systems. Its incidence is constantly rising, due to the spread of unhealthy lifestyle, i.e. Western diet. Increasing evidence suggests that westernization-driven microbiome alterations may play a critical role in colorectal tumorigenesis. The current screening strategies for this neoplasm, mainly fecal immunochemical tests, are burdened by unsatisfactory accuracy. Novel, non-invasive biomarkers are rising as the new frontier of colorectal cancer screening, and the microbiome-based ones are showing positive and optimistic results. This Review describes our current knowledge on the role of gut microbiota in colorectal cancer, from its pathogenetic action to its clinical potential as diagnostic biomarker.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101941"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101923
Andrea Severino , Ege Tohumcu , Luca Tamai , Pasquale Dargenio , Serena Porcari , Debora Rondinella , Irene Venturini , Marcello Maida , Antonio Gasbarrini , Giovanni Cammarota , Gianluca Ianiro
Noncommunicable chronic disorders (NCDs) are multifactorial disorders that share a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation together with an imbalance of gut microbiota. NCDs are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, and mainly in Western countries, with a significant impact on global health.
Societal changes, together with the widespread diffusion of modern agricultural methods and food processing, have led to a significant shift in dietary habits over the past century, with an increased diffusion of the Western diet (WD). WD includes foods high in saturated fat, refined sugars, salt, sweeteners, and low in fiber, and is characterized by overeating, frequent snacking, and a prolonged postprandial state.
An increasing body of evidence supports the association between the diffusion of WD and the rising prevalence of NCDs. WD also negatively affects both gut microbiota and the immune system by driving to microbial alterations, gut barrier dysfunction, increased intestinal permeability, and leakage of harmful bacterial metabolites into the bloodstream, with consequent contribution to the development of systemic low-grade inflammation. In this review article we aim to dissect the role of gut microbiota imbalance and gut barrier impairment in mediating the detrimental effects of WD on the development of NCDs, and to identify potential therapeutic strategies.
{"title":"The microbiome-driven impact of western diet in the development of noncommunicable chronic disorders","authors":"Andrea Severino , Ege Tohumcu , Luca Tamai , Pasquale Dargenio , Serena Porcari , Debora Rondinella , Irene Venturini , Marcello Maida , Antonio Gasbarrini , Giovanni Cammarota , Gianluca Ianiro","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Noncommunicable chronic disorders (NCDs) are multifactorial disorders that share a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation together with an imbalance of gut microbiota. NCDs are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, and mainly in Western countries, with a significant impact on global health.</div><div>Societal changes, together with the widespread diffusion of modern agricultural methods and food processing, have led to a significant shift in dietary habits over the past century, with an increased diffusion of the Western diet (WD). WD includes foods high in saturated fat, refined sugars, salt, sweeteners, and low in fiber, and is characterized by overeating, frequent snacking, and a prolonged postprandial state.</div><div>An increasing body of evidence supports the association between the diffusion of WD and the rising prevalence of NCDs. WD also negatively affects both gut microbiota and the immune system by driving to microbial alterations, gut barrier dysfunction, increased intestinal permeability, and leakage of harmful bacterial metabolites into the bloodstream, with consequent contribution to the development of systemic low-grade inflammation. In this review article we aim to dissect the role of gut microbiota imbalance and gut barrier impairment in mediating the detrimental effects of WD on the development of NCDs, and to identify potential therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141031346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101944
Nathan J. Dean , Paolo D. d’Arienzo , Hajir Ibraheim , Karla A. Lee , Anna C. Olsson-Brown , David J. Pinato , Nicholas Powell
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised cancer therapy, yet the proportion of patients who achieve long-term disease control remain suboptimal. Over the past decade, the gut microbiome has been shown to influence immune-mediated tumour suppression as well as responses to ICI therapies. Compositional differences in gut microbiome may account for the differences in outcomes from immune checkpoint blockade. Identifying microbiota species associated with favourable/unfavourable outcomes and modelling their dynamics throughout the course of ICI treatment could help develop predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy response, and manipulating the gut microbiome represent a novel approach to enhancing ICI effectiveness. Clinically, this raises the prospect of using gut microbiome-based therapies to overcome primary resistance to ICIs, mitigate the effects of microbiome-altering drugs such as antibiotics or proton pump inhibitors, and improve overall survival in patients across numerous different cancer types.
{"title":"The role of the gut microbiome in regulating the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy","authors":"Nathan J. Dean , Paolo D. d’Arienzo , Hajir Ibraheim , Karla A. Lee , Anna C. Olsson-Brown , David J. Pinato , Nicholas Powell","doi":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bpg.2024.101944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised cancer therapy, yet the proportion of patients who achieve long-term disease control remain suboptimal. Over the past decade, the gut microbiome has been shown to influence immune-mediated tumour suppression as well as responses to ICI therapies. Compositional differences in gut microbiome may account for the differences in outcomes from immune checkpoint blockade. Identifying microbiota species associated with favourable/unfavourable outcomes and modelling their dynamics throughout the course of ICI treatment could help develop predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy response, and manipulating the gut microbiome represent a novel approach to enhancing ICI effectiveness. Clinically, this raises the prospect of using gut microbiome-based therapies to overcome primary resistance to ICIs, mitigate the effects of microbiome-altering drugs such as antibiotics or proton pump inhibitors, and improve overall survival in patients across numerous different cancer types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56031,"journal":{"name":"Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101944"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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