Musculoskeletal Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Is pregnancy a major risk factor for musculoskeletal pain? A cross-sectional study","authors":"Mai Mhajne ,&nbsp;Asaf Weisman ,&nbsp;Tomer Yona ,&nbsp;Youssef Masharawi","doi":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Musculoskeletal pain during pregnancy is commonly considered prevalent, though evidence primarily comes from cross-sectional studies lacking appropriate control groups.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women as a reference group.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Observational cross-sectional.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>1651 women (589 pregnant, 1062 non-pregnant) in Israel completed an online survey using the Hebrew Extended Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and SF-12. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses examined associations between pregnancy status and pain prevalence while controlling for confounding factors including age, BMI, education, employment, lifestyle factors, and medical history.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Pregnant women reported higher rates of upper back pain (67.1 % vs. 56.4 %, p = 0.02) and lower back pain (73.9 % vs. 64.9 %, p = 0.004), while non-pregnant women reported more hip/thigh pain (54.5 % vs. 48.4 %, p &lt; 0.001). However, after controlling for confounders in multivariate regression, these associations became non-significant. Pregnant women had significantly lower physical component scores (43.31 ± 9.33 vs. 48.08 ± 8.41, p &lt; 0.001). Physical health status (PCS-12) was the strongest predictor of current low back pain (OR = 0.92, 95 % CI: 0.90–0.94, p &lt; 0.001), pregnancy status showed no independent association (OR = 1.19, 95 % CI: 0.77–1.84, p = 0.430). Smoking emerged as a significant risk factor (OR = 2.02, 95 % CI: 1.03–3.96, p = 0.042).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study challenges the assumption that pregnancy inherently causes higher musculoskeletal pain prevalence. Physical health status plays a more substantial role than pregnancy status per se, highlighting the multifactorial nature of pregnancy-related musculoskeletal pain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56036,"journal":{"name":"Musculoskeletal Science and Practice","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 103482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145859067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latent classes of trial reporting and publication practices in spinal manipulation research: a meta-epidemiological study","authors":"Casper Nim ,&nbsp;Michelle Frederiksen ,&nbsp;Sasha Aspinall ,&nbsp;Aron Downie ,&nbsp;Martha Funabashi ,&nbsp;Steen Harsted ,&nbsp;Hazel Jenkins ,&nbsp;David McNaughton ,&nbsp;Luana Nyirö ,&nbsp;Eric J. Roseen ,&nbsp;James J. Young ,&nbsp;Liz Dennett ,&nbsp;Stephen M. Perle ,&nbsp;Chad Cook ,&nbsp;Carsten Juhl ,&nbsp;Jan Hartvigsen","doi":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Reliable reporting and publication practices are essential for trustworthy evidence synthesis and clinical decision-making.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to identify latent classes of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) based on trial reporting and publication practices, and to examine whether these classes influenced treatment effects.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Meta-epidemiological study.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Trials were evaluated on whether they met criteria for trial reporting and publication practices across six domains. Latent class analysis was used to identify trial subgroups. Random-effects meta-regression models assessed whether class membership predicted pooled estimates of treatment effects for pain and disability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 239 RCTs and identified four classes: <em>Dated</em> (23 %), older trials (mostly pre-2010) with consistently low proportions of criteria met; <em>Non-contributing</em> (30 %), newer trials that inconsistently met the criteria, had small samples, and short follow-ups; <em>SMT-focused</em> (15 %), which reported SMT details and fidelity more consistently but otherwise resembled the <em>Non-contributing</em> class; and <em>Pragmatic</em> (33 %), consisting of larger trials, meeting most criteria, but often underreported SMT-specific and fidelity details. Reporting practices had larger impact on class membership than publication practices. Despite differences class membership was not associated with treatment effect estimates and explained minimal outcome variability (R² ∼1 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Although trial reporting and publication practices varied substantially across SMT trials, these differences were not associated with differences in treatment effects. The widespread failure to meet key criteria raises concerns about the interpretability and credibility of the SMT evidence base. To strengthen transparency and scientific value, future trials should adhere more rigorously to reporting guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56036,"journal":{"name":"Musculoskeletal Science and Practice","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 103480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145866640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normalisation of impaired neck muscle function after neck-specific exercises identified by speckle-tracking ultrasound analysis: a longitudinal case-control study of individuals with chronic whiplash-associated disorders compared with healthy controls","authors":"Gunnel Peterson ,&nbsp;Erika Andersson ,&nbsp;Margaretha Jönsson ,&nbsp;Anneli Peolsson","doi":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Whiplash injury can impair neck muscle function, which is challenging to assess. Diagnostic ultrasound enables evaluation of musculoskeletal function and exercise effectiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the function of five dorsal neck muscles before and after 12 weeks of neck-specific exercises in individuals with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD), compared with healthy controls.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Twenty-five individuals with WAD grades II and III and 25 age- and sex-matched controls participated in this study. The WAD group completed a 12-week neck-specific exercise programme. Outcome measures, collected at baseline in both groups and post-intervention in the WAD group, included neck muscle deformation (shortening and/or elongation) assessed by ultrasonography with speckle tracking analyses, neck disability (NDI; Neck Disability Index), neck pain (VAS; Visual Analogue Scale), and neck muscle fatigue (Borg CR-10).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a significant difference in neck muscle deformation at baseline, with higher deformation in the WAD group compared with controls (F [1,214] = 14.7, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference in deformation between the groups after three months of neck-specific exercises in WAD compared with control baseline data F [1,200] = 0.1, <em>P</em> = 0.965), indicating restoration towards normal muscle function in the WAD group. The WAD group also improved in disability (NDI; mean 9.8, SD 8.4, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), neck pain (VAS; mean 12.1, SD 24.7, p = 0.036), and fatigue (Borg CR-10; median 1.0, IQR; 0.5–2.5, <em>P</em> = 0.019).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study indicates normalisation of dorsal neck muscle function in individuals with WAD after a neck-specific exercise programme.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56036,"journal":{"name":"Musculoskeletal Science and Practice","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 103483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When the hook is too big: sample size, power, and missed effects in verbal suggestion research","authors":"Rodrigo RN. Rizzo","doi":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103478","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56036,"journal":{"name":"Musculoskeletal Science and Practice","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 103478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor regarding “Can pre-treatment verbal suggestions influence the short-term effects of spinal manipulation in young adults with chronic non-specific low back pain? A randomized controlled trial”","authors":"Kamil Zaworski ,&nbsp;Joanna Baj-Korpak ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Tokarska-Rodak ,&nbsp;Ewa Plażuk ,&nbsp;Andżelika Nazarewicz ,&nbsp;Joel Bialosky ,&nbsp;Giacomo Rossettini","doi":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103479","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56036,"journal":{"name":"Musculoskeletal Science and Practice","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 103479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145866658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-management support for people with non-specific low back pain: a qualitative survey among Italian physiotherapists","authors":"Matteo Cioeta ,&nbsp;Gabriele Giannotta ,&nbsp;Domenico Carbotti ,&nbsp;Davide Cicinelli ,&nbsp;Roberta Giovinazzi ,&nbsp;Alessandra Dell’Anna ,&nbsp;Andrea Germani ,&nbsp;Francesco Balestra ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Giovannico ,&nbsp;Firas Mourad ,&nbsp;Nathan Hutting","doi":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) is the leading cause of global disability, and self-management is considered a key component of care. However, physiotherapists’ approaches to supporting self-management can be improved.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore how Italian physiotherapists conceptualize and enact self-management support for non-specific low back pain, and to describe perceived barriers and enablers to its implementation in routine practice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An online SurveyMonkey questionnaire was administered in February 2024 to assess Italian physiotherapists’ knowledge and experience with self-management strategies for NSLBP. The survey consisted of 15 open-ended questions adapted from a Dutch study. Responses were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty physiotherapists (21 female, mean age 30.4 ± 8.7 years) participated. Four themes emerged: (1) Therapeutic interaction style: active, passive, or multimodal?; (2) The patient as the main actor; (3) Self-management as more than a single tool; and (4) The physiotherapist's role in the self-management journey. Most participants viewed self-management support as essential and commonly used education as their primary strategy, while recognising its limitations. Although a variety of treatment approaches was reported, many remained grounded in biomechanical reasoning. A majority expressed the need for further knowledge and skills to better support self-management.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Most participants recognised the importance of self-management in treating NSLBP but did not fully align with its core principles. Although they emphasised patient-focused, person-centred care, it remains unclear whether these principles are truly applied. Over half indicated a need for additional skills, consistent with broader challenges physiotherapists face in integrating self-management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56036,"journal":{"name":"Musculoskeletal Science and Practice","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 103477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"A new tool for my toolbox\": physiotherapists' perceptions on therapeutic virtual reality for chronic low back pain – a qualitative descriptive study","authors":"Syl Slatman ,&nbsp;Raymond Ostelo ,&nbsp;Harry van Goor ,&nbsp;Ton Satink ,&nbsp;J. Bart Staal ,&nbsp;Jesper Knoop","doi":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Therapeutic virtual reality (VR) is an emerging intervention in physiotherapy for patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, broad adoption of VR by physiotherapists (PTs) is slow. This is possibly due to PT's negative perceptions on and attitudes towards the added value of VR in physiotherapy for patients with CLBP. The aim of this study was to explore these perceptions and attitudes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews. The study sample included eleven primary care PTs with a median age of 35 years (range: 28–58). Participating PTs had at least one year of experience using VR for the treatment of patients with CLBP, after which they continued using VR or stopped using it. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and inductively analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analysis of the interviews identified four overarching themes: (i) therapeutic VR is perceived as non-threatening to the PT's role; (ii) VR has distinctive qualities that complement the PT's toolbox; (iii) contrasting attitudes towards the added value of therapeutic VR for CLBP; and (iv) PTs need specific skills, positive attitudes and knowledge to administer therapeutic VR.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study results showed that VR was perceived as a valuable and non-threatening innovation for physiotherapy in patients with CLBP, that fits the hands-off and coaching role of PTs. Therapeutic VR seems promising in physiotherapy for patients with CLBP, but further adoption depends on breaking practical and systemic barriers. Also, more education is needed to train PTs to effectively administer VR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56036,"journal":{"name":"Musculoskeletal Science and Practice","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 103475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145866676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pain education paradox and validation gap","authors":"Asaf Weisman ,&nbsp;Monica Noy ,&nbsp;Youssef Masharawi","doi":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Healthcare professionals routinely manage pain, medicine's most common complaint, yet receive critically inadequate pain education, often less than 1 % of curriculum hours, despite pain being present in up to 80 % of clinical consultations. Current pain education programs claim to employ evidence-based approaches. Yet, they operate within a fundamental validation crisis: we cannot validate what constitutes effective practitioner competency because we lack evidence that improved practitioner knowledge translates into better patient outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This paper addresses the validation crisis manifesting across three levels: we don't know which competencies practitioners need, whether our teaching methods develop these competencies, or if practitioner competency matters for patient recovery. We examine how commercial Pain Neuroscience Education programs problematically blur the distinction between practitioner and patient education while masking validation gaps through circular reasoning. The paper presents four foundational competencies that prioritize intellectual honesty over false certainty: understanding pain terminology, integrating contemporary neuroscience, critical appraisal with epistemic humility, and distinguishing between treating pain mechanisms and supporting individuals experiencing pain.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><div>This framework challenges all healthcare professionals managing pain to abandon unfounded evidence-based claims and embrace radical honesty about uncertainty. For disciplines whose interventions have historically emphasized biomechanical models, including physical therapists, chiropractors, osteopaths, and orthopedic surgeons, this means moving beyond those theories to understand contemporary pain science while clearly communicating scope limitations. The approach enables practitioners to recognize intervention limitations, identify referral needs, set realistic expectations, and avoid nocebo effects from outdated explanations, ultimately serving patients through scientific integrity rather than false promises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56036,"journal":{"name":"Musculoskeletal Science and Practice","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 103476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can baseline features predict a reduction in pain and disability following neck-specific exercise in people with chronic non-specific neck pain?: A systematic review","authors":"Cho Wai Geoffrey Yu ,&nbsp;Ziyan Chen ,&nbsp;Edith Elgueta-Cancino ,&nbsp;Janet Deane ,&nbsp;Valter Devecchi ,&nbsp;Deborah Falla","doi":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neck-specific exercises are effective for chronic non-specific neck pain, though responses vary considerably.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Identify baseline features that predict a reduction in neck disability, pain and better global change following neck-specific exercise interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Systematic review of prospective cohort studies and secondary analyses of randomised controlled trials.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Six databases were searched until June 2025. Studies investigating baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as physical and psychological features, with the outcome of pain and disability, or global changes were included. Methodological quality was assessed with the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to assess the certainty of evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Four studies (318 participants) were included. Older age (OR = 5.52) and being male (OR = 5.52) predicted pain reduction. Catastrophising predicted higher levels of disability (OR = 2.91) post exercise. Higher cervical movement velocity (OR = 3.68) and lower accuracy (OR = 5.99) at baseline both predicted less disability and pain. Shorter pain duration (LR+:3.21; LR-:0.36) and lower baseline disability (LR+:2.29; LR-:0.52) predicted a successful global response. The certainty of evidence for these findings is very low.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Baseline characteristics such as older age, male sex, lower movement accuracy, higher movement velocity, shorter pain duration, and lower baseline disability may predict favourable outcomes following neck-specific exercises, while catastrophising may predict poorer disability outcomes. However, given the very low certainty of evidence, these results should be interpreted cautiously.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>PROSPERO (Registration number CRD42023408332)</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56036,"journal":{"name":"Musculoskeletal Science and Practice","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 103473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of central sensitization features with clinical, sonographic, and electrophysiological outcomes in carpal tunnel syndrome","authors":"Feyza Nur Yücel,&nbsp;Emre Ata","doi":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), the most common nerve entrapment, is increasingly linked to changes in pain processing, including central sensitization (CS). However, how CS measures relate to tests such as sonography and electrodiagnostic studies (EDX) remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 60 patients with clinically and electrodiagnostically confirmed CTS and 20 healthy controls. Pain sensitization was evaluated using the pressure pain threshold (PPT) at four anatomical sites, and the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI). Sonographic assessments captured median nerve cross-sectional area (CSA), ΔCSA values, thenar muscle thickness, and nerve echogenicity. Mixed-effects models were used for repeated-site measures (PPT and CSA/Δ), and sex-adjusted ANCOVA was used to analyse single-site outcomes. Pearson correlations were used to assess relationships among sensitization measures, sonographic findings, and EDX parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CTS patients had lower PPT values at all sites and higher CSI scores than controls (p &lt; .05). Mixed-effects modelling confirmed reduced PPT and greater, site-dependent CSA enlargement in CTS. PPT at the carpal tunnel and thenar region correlated negatively with CSAmax and CSAinlet, and positively with motor amplitude. CSI correlated positively with functional disability and neuropathic pain features, but not with pain intensity. Sensitization parameters did not differ across CTS severity grades.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study shows that objective structural and electrophysiological markers are associated with central pain processes that contribute to the pathophysiology of CTS. These results underline the importance of assessing CTS through multiple dimensions, including structural and functional nerve changes and pain sensitization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56036,"journal":{"name":"Musculoskeletal Science and Practice","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 103472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145795719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}