Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-81322023000200142
Felipe A Hernández, D. Surot, Antulemu Vallverdú, M. Cueva, Isabel M. Aguirre, Edith A. Mancilla, G. Acosta-Jamett
{"title":"Serosurvey of canine distemper virus in culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus) and chilla (Lycalopex griseus) foxes of the Araucanía region, Chile","authors":"Felipe A Hernández, D. Surot, Antulemu Vallverdú, M. Cueva, Isabel M. Aguirre, Edith A. Mancilla, G. Acosta-Jamett","doi":"10.4067/s0719-81322023000200142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-81322023000200142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70331554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-81322023000200113
M. Miranda, M. E. Fátima Nader-Macías
. There is a renewed interest in products based on phytocompounds, prebiotics and probiotics applied to different hosts to exert effects of immunomodulation, anti-inflammation and analgesia. The microbiome of the bovine reproductive tract can become unbalanced for many reasons, favoring the entry and proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, currently treated with antibiotics that exert adverse effects and generate antimicrobial resistance. To deal with this situation, “phytobiotic” formulas are proposed that combine phytocompounds and probiotics. This work aims to study the effect of plant extracts, prebiotics and vitamins on the growth of native beneficial lactic acid bacteria (BLAB), to be further potentially applied in the design of phytobiotic formulas. Nine beneficial strains isolated from different bovine ecosystems were evaluated against nine phytocompounds, two prebiotics and five vitamins. Affinity was assayed using the diffusion technique on agar plates, and the effect of the phytocompounds on the growth of lactic acid bacteria by microplates. The growth of all the strains was affected by some plant extracts, showing a stimulating or inhibitory effect. Diffusion-agar plates show that only vitamin A affected the viability of Lactobacillus johnsonii CRL1702 at concentrations higher than 7.5 mg/ml. When studying the growth kinetics of the strains with the phytocompounds, the results show that the effect was different in each of one the associated strains + plant extracts, indicating a strain-specific effect of plant extracts on each BLAB strain. Lapacho and Malva stimulate the growth of most microorganisms, then were selected to be combined with BLAB to design a phytobiotic formula with potential therapeutic activity to treat bovine reproductive infections. Plant extracts at the evaluated concentrations did not inhibit the growth of most of the pathogens responsible for endometritis. On the other hand, the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds were detected in Echinacea, Lapacho and Llantén; and the best percentages of antioxidant activity were evidenced in Garlic, Blueberry and Chamomile (<60%).
{"title":"Effects of plant extracts on the growth of beneficial indigenous lactic acid bacteria (BLAB) for their potential use in preventing bovine reproductive tract infections","authors":"M. Miranda, M. E. Fátima Nader-Macías","doi":"10.4067/s0719-81322023000200113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-81322023000200113","url":null,"abstract":". There is a renewed interest in products based on phytocompounds, prebiotics and probiotics applied to different hosts to exert effects of immunomodulation, anti-inflammation and analgesia. The microbiome of the bovine reproductive tract can become unbalanced for many reasons, favoring the entry and proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, currently treated with antibiotics that exert adverse effects and generate antimicrobial resistance. To deal with this situation, “phytobiotic” formulas are proposed that combine phytocompounds and probiotics. This work aims to study the effect of plant extracts, prebiotics and vitamins on the growth of native beneficial lactic acid bacteria (BLAB), to be further potentially applied in the design of phytobiotic formulas. Nine beneficial strains isolated from different bovine ecosystems were evaluated against nine phytocompounds, two prebiotics and five vitamins. Affinity was assayed using the diffusion technique on agar plates, and the effect of the phytocompounds on the growth of lactic acid bacteria by microplates. The growth of all the strains was affected by some plant extracts, showing a stimulating or inhibitory effect. Diffusion-agar plates show that only vitamin A affected the viability of Lactobacillus johnsonii CRL1702 at concentrations higher than 7.5 mg/ml. When studying the growth kinetics of the strains with the phytocompounds, the results show that the effect was different in each of one the associated strains + plant extracts, indicating a strain-specific effect of plant extracts on each BLAB strain. Lapacho and Malva stimulate the growth of most microorganisms, then were selected to be combined with BLAB to design a phytobiotic formula with potential therapeutic activity to treat bovine reproductive infections. Plant extracts at the evaluated concentrations did not inhibit the growth of most of the pathogens responsible for endometritis. On the other hand, the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds were detected in Echinacea, Lapacho and Llantén; and the best percentages of antioxidant activity were evidenced in Garlic, Blueberry and Chamomile (<60%).","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70331670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-81322023000200087
M. Gandarillas, Valeria Olmos, B. Pina, J. Keim, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
. The aim of this study was to determine external and internal quality parameters of industrial (cages and cage-free) and family farms eggs that are normally available at groceries in developing countries such as Chile. Two experiments were performed to evaluate 1) quality differences between family farms and industrial eggs and 2) to determine quality differences between brown shell eggs from different industrial cage and cage-free systems. Experiment 1 consisted of five groups where three of them were industrial eggs: i) cage white shell eggs, ii) cage brown shell eggs, iii) brown shell cage-free eggs; and two of them were non-industrial: iv) family farm brown shell eggs and v) family farm blue shell eggs. Experiment 2 had four groups, all brown-shell types of eggs were used: i) cage brown eggs, ii) cage-free from aviary eggs, iii) southern free-range eggs and iv) central free-range eggs. In both Experiments, egg weight, egg length, egg width, egg shape index, Haugh units, albumen ratio, egg yolk, yolk weight and albumen weight, blood and meat spots were determined. In Experiment 1, brown and blue-shelled family farm eggs were equal in terms of external and internal quality, except for blood spots, with brown eggs having more incidence. In Experiment 2, free-range eggs presented more intense yolk colors compared to those from battery and cages. In both experiments, free-range eggs presented the darker yolk color. It can be concluded that brown and blue-shelled family farm eggs are equal in terms of external and internal quality, except for blood spots, with brown eggs having more incidence. In addition, free-range eggs from the southern part of the country presented better shell quality, whereas free-range eggs presented more intense yolk colors, while those of battery.
{"title":"Physical quality of different industrial versus non-industrial eggs obtained from groceries and markets in southern Chile","authors":"M. Gandarillas, Valeria Olmos, B. Pina, J. Keim, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez","doi":"10.4067/s0719-81322023000200087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-81322023000200087","url":null,"abstract":". The aim of this study was to determine external and internal quality parameters of industrial (cages and cage-free) and family farms eggs that are normally available at groceries in developing countries such as Chile. Two experiments were performed to evaluate 1) quality differences between family farms and industrial eggs and 2) to determine quality differences between brown shell eggs from different industrial cage and cage-free systems. Experiment 1 consisted of five groups where three of them were industrial eggs: i) cage white shell eggs, ii) cage brown shell eggs, iii) brown shell cage-free eggs; and two of them were non-industrial: iv) family farm brown shell eggs and v) family farm blue shell eggs. Experiment 2 had four groups, all brown-shell types of eggs were used: i) cage brown eggs, ii) cage-free from aviary eggs, iii) southern free-range eggs and iv) central free-range eggs. In both Experiments, egg weight, egg length, egg width, egg shape index, Haugh units, albumen ratio, egg yolk, yolk weight and albumen weight, blood and meat spots were determined. In Experiment 1, brown and blue-shelled family farm eggs were equal in terms of external and internal quality, except for blood spots, with brown eggs having more incidence. In Experiment 2, free-range eggs presented more intense yolk colors compared to those from battery and cages. In both experiments, free-range eggs presented the darker yolk color. It can be concluded that brown and blue-shelled family farm eggs are equal in terms of external and internal quality, except for blood spots, with brown eggs having more incidence. In addition, free-range eggs from the southern part of the country presented better shell quality, whereas free-range eggs presented more intense yolk colors, while those of battery.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70331860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-81322023000100023
J. Rodrigues, Chris Garrett, S. Norris, Francisco Albuquerque, L. Queijo, J. Coelho, Fiona Cooke, Andrew Judge
{"title":"May the force be with you: an investigation into logging methods using donkeys","authors":"J. Rodrigues, Chris Garrett, S. Norris, Francisco Albuquerque, L. Queijo, J. Coelho, Fiona Cooke, Andrew Judge","doi":"10.4067/s0719-81322023000100023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-81322023000100023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49598670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-81322023000100061
A. Drought, Dinar Arifianto, Jan T. Voss, Sarah J. McLay, Abdul Jabbar, P. Hitchens, C. El-Hage
{"title":"Veterinary aid clinic assessments of working ponies in West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia: A retrospective study","authors":"A. Drought, Dinar Arifianto, Jan T. Voss, Sarah J. McLay, Abdul Jabbar, P. Hitchens, C. El-Hage","doi":"10.4067/s0719-81322023000100061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-81322023000100061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45893380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-81322023000200131
Dhamaris Sharai Gonzalez-Saldívar, Enrique Trasviña-Muñoz, G. López-Valencia, Paulina Haro, F. Monge-Navarro, José Carlomán Herrera-Ramírez, Nohemí Castro-del-Campo, S. Gaxiola-Camacho
. Parasitic intestinal infections in dogs represent a problem for human health, because a wide variety of these parasites have zoonotic potential. Therefore, proximity to pets puts us at risk. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and risk factors (age, sex, size, breed, presence of ectoparasites and gastrointestinal disorders) of intestinal parasites in the feces of dogs attending a Veterinary Hospital in the City of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. A total of 148 fecal samples were collected from canine patients and analyzed for parasite identification and parasite load. A 12.2% (18/148) of the samples were positive to parasitic intestinal infections. The frequency of specific infections was an 8.1% of Cryptosporidium sp ., followed by a 2.7% of Cystoisospora sp., and 1.4% of Toxascaris leonina. A statistical significance was identified between the presence of intestinal parasites and mongrel breed. The predominance of protozoa shows the importance of diagnosis prior to treatment with anthelminthic drugs, since preventive antiparasitic protocols are commonly used, although these particular parasites are out of the spectrum of those drugs. Cryptosporidium spp . have zoonotic potential, particularly in immunocompromised patients, and there are few or no treatment options.
{"title":"Frequency and risk factors of intestinal parasites in pet dogs from Mexicali, Mexico","authors":"Dhamaris Sharai Gonzalez-Saldívar, Enrique Trasviña-Muñoz, G. López-Valencia, Paulina Haro, F. Monge-Navarro, José Carlomán Herrera-Ramírez, Nohemí Castro-del-Campo, S. Gaxiola-Camacho","doi":"10.4067/s0719-81322023000200131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-81322023000200131","url":null,"abstract":". Parasitic intestinal infections in dogs represent a problem for human health, because a wide variety of these parasites have zoonotic potential. Therefore, proximity to pets puts us at risk. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and risk factors (age, sex, size, breed, presence of ectoparasites and gastrointestinal disorders) of intestinal parasites in the feces of dogs attending a Veterinary Hospital in the City of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. A total of 148 fecal samples were collected from canine patients and analyzed for parasite identification and parasite load. A 12.2% (18/148) of the samples were positive to parasitic intestinal infections. The frequency of specific infections was an 8.1% of Cryptosporidium sp ., followed by a 2.7% of Cystoisospora sp., and 1.4% of Toxascaris leonina. A statistical significance was identified between the presence of intestinal parasites and mongrel breed. The predominance of protozoa shows the importance of diagnosis prior to treatment with anthelminthic drugs, since preventive antiparasitic protocols are commonly used, although these particular parasites are out of the spectrum of those drugs. Cryptosporidium spp . have zoonotic potential, particularly in immunocompromised patients, and there are few or no treatment options.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70331921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-81322023000100001
Rabiaa Azelhak, G. Kay, P. Pollock
{"title":"Diagnosis, treatment and outcome following chronic encircling hobbling wounds in a group of working Donkeys in Morocco","authors":"Rabiaa Azelhak, G. Kay, P. Pollock","doi":"10.4067/s0719-81322023000100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-81322023000100001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44264205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-81322023000200137
Cristóbal A. Dörner
{"title":"Locomotor injuries morbidity data analysis in Chilean sport horses: a retrospective study (2016-2021)","authors":"Cristóbal A. Dörner","doi":"10.4067/s0719-81322023000200137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-81322023000200137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70331974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-81322023000200124
D. Levicoy, Rodrigo de la Barra, A. Carvajal
{"title":"Frequency distribution of polymorphisms on κ-casein and DGAT1 genes in dairy cattle used in Chilean milk production","authors":"D. Levicoy, Rodrigo de la Barra, A. Carvajal","doi":"10.4067/s0719-81322023000200124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-81322023000200124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70331821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-81322023000200147
Cristóbal A. Dörner, M. Del Campo, N. Lagos
. Neosaxitoxin (NeoSTX) is a toxin that binds to the voltage-gated sodium channels therefore, inhibiting the neuronal impulse. The present study was conducted to explore the properties of NeoSTX and to evaluate its effects when injected as a perineural nerve block in horses. A group of five client-owned mature Warmblood horses exhibiting clinical signs of unilateral foot pain were enrolled in the study. For inclusion, lameness should subside after a palmar digital nerve block (PDNB) using 2 mL of 2% lidocaine administered over the medial and lateral palmar digital nerves of the affected limb (Day 0). Lameness was assessed using the AAEP lameness grading scale and skin sensitivity was judged objectively using a pressure algometer. On day 1, 5µg of NeoSTX was injected, then on day 4, 10 µg of NeoSTX was administered. Lameness examination and skin sensitivity were evaluated at 3, 5,10, 15,30, 60, 90 minutes, and every hour until the effects of the nerve block were no longer detectable. When effects of NeoSTX was compared to effects of lidocaine at 2% there were no statistical differences in the onset of the anesthetic effect, measured as the time of start of desensitization of the skin and the time of complete desensitization or lameness resolution, nonetheless there was a significant difference in the return of skin sensation or lameness, showing a clear long-lasting nociceptive blocker effect of NeoSTX. In conclusion, results of this study suggest NeoSTX can potentially be used as an alternative to conventional local anesthetics drugs when a long-lasting effect is desired, for example as a part of a multimodal approach for pain management, as a local anesthetic for surgical procedures or to control chronic pain in some musculoskeletal disorders. However, more studies are needed to evaluate its use as long-lasting anesthetic effects in the aforementioned situations.
{"title":"Neosaxitoxin, a Long-Lasting Local Anesthetic and its Potential Clinical Applications in Horses","authors":"Cristóbal A. Dörner, M. Del Campo, N. Lagos","doi":"10.4067/s0719-81322023000200147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-81322023000200147","url":null,"abstract":". Neosaxitoxin (NeoSTX) is a toxin that binds to the voltage-gated sodium channels therefore, inhibiting the neuronal impulse. The present study was conducted to explore the properties of NeoSTX and to evaluate its effects when injected as a perineural nerve block in horses. A group of five client-owned mature Warmblood horses exhibiting clinical signs of unilateral foot pain were enrolled in the study. For inclusion, lameness should subside after a palmar digital nerve block (PDNB) using 2 mL of 2% lidocaine administered over the medial and lateral palmar digital nerves of the affected limb (Day 0). Lameness was assessed using the AAEP lameness grading scale and skin sensitivity was judged objectively using a pressure algometer. On day 1, 5µg of NeoSTX was injected, then on day 4, 10 µg of NeoSTX was administered. Lameness examination and skin sensitivity were evaluated at 3, 5,10, 15,30, 60, 90 minutes, and every hour until the effects of the nerve block were no longer detectable. When effects of NeoSTX was compared to effects of lidocaine at 2% there were no statistical differences in the onset of the anesthetic effect, measured as the time of start of desensitization of the skin and the time of complete desensitization or lameness resolution, nonetheless there was a significant difference in the return of skin sensation or lameness, showing a clear long-lasting nociceptive blocker effect of NeoSTX. In conclusion, results of this study suggest NeoSTX can potentially be used as an alternative to conventional local anesthetics drugs when a long-lasting effect is desired, for example as a part of a multimodal approach for pain management, as a local anesthetic for surgical procedures or to control chronic pain in some musculoskeletal disorders. However, more studies are needed to evaluate its use as long-lasting anesthetic effects in the aforementioned situations.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70332403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：