Karima Akool Al Salihi, Mohammed Hassan Younise, Zakaria Zuhair Mahmoud, Tanveer Hussain
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an endemic, zoonotic, viral, and tick-borne disease that causes hemorrhagic symptoms. The disease has been reported in Iraq since 1979 comprising six cases between 1989 and 2009. Subsequently, 11, 3, and 33 cases were reported in 2010, 2018, and 2021, respectively. This study describes the 2022 Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) outbreak in different Iraqi governorates. In the 2022 outbreak, 212 cases of human CCHFV were reported between January 1 and May 22. These included 97 (46%) cases confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 115 (54%) suspected cases. Most human cases have been reported for livestock breeders and butchers. Approximately half of the confirmed cases (48%) were reported in the Dhi Qar governorate, whereas the others were reported in Missan, Muthanna, Wasit, Diwaniya, Karkh/Baghdad, Rusafa/Baghdad, Kirkuk, Basra, Najaf, Nineveh, Babylon, and Karbala. Patients with CCHFV showed symptoms of the pre-hemorrhagic phase, including sudden fever, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, nose bleeding, and abdominal and joint pain. Later, hemorrhagic symptoms started with unexplained bleeding lesions, ranging from small petechiae to large hematomas. The factors responsible for the re-emergence of CCHFV included a shortage of veterinary services during the COVID-19 pandemic and illegal slaughtering of animals outside the abattoirs. This led to massive tick infestations that acted as viral vectors. In conclusion, this is the first report documenting the 2022 CCHFV outbreak in Iraq, with a total of 212 patients and 27 overall deaths, including 13 laboratory-confirmed cases. The authors recommend improving veterinary services provided to farmers. Additionally, future studies need to be done including the sero-epidemiology and molecular studies on local livestock and ticks to understand their roles in circulating the virus to humans.
{"title":"The 2022 Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever outbreak in Iraq","authors":"Karima Akool Al Salihi, Mohammed Hassan Younise, Zakaria Zuhair Mahmoud, Tanveer Hussain","doi":"10.4206/ajvs.561.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4206/ajvs.561.02","url":null,"abstract":"Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an endemic, zoonotic, viral, and tick-borne disease that causes hemorrhagic symptoms. The disease has been reported in Iraq since 1979 comprising six cases between 1989 and 2009. Subsequently, 11, 3, and 33 cases were reported in 2010, 2018, and 2021, respectively. This study describes the 2022 Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) outbreak in different Iraqi governorates. In the 2022 outbreak, 212 cases of human CCHFV were reported between January 1 and May 22. These included 97 (46%) cases confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 115 (54%) suspected cases. Most human cases have been reported for livestock breeders and butchers. Approximately half of the confirmed cases (48%) were reported in the Dhi Qar governorate, whereas the others were reported in Missan, Muthanna, Wasit, Diwaniya, Karkh/Baghdad, Rusafa/Baghdad, Kirkuk, Basra, Najaf, Nineveh, Babylon, and Karbala. Patients with CCHFV showed symptoms of the pre-hemorrhagic phase, including sudden fever, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, nose bleeding, and abdominal and joint pain. Later, hemorrhagic symptoms started with unexplained bleeding lesions, ranging from small petechiae to large hematomas. The factors responsible for the re-emergence of CCHFV included a shortage of veterinary services during the COVID-19 pandemic and illegal slaughtering of animals outside the abattoirs. This led to massive tick infestations that acted as viral vectors.\u0000In conclusion, this is the first report documenting the 2022 CCHFV outbreak in Iraq, with a total of 212 patients and 27 overall deaths, including 13 laboratory-confirmed cases. The authors recommend improving veterinary services provided to farmers. Additionally, future studies need to be done including the sero-epidemiology and molecular studies on local livestock and ticks to understand their roles in circulating the virus to humans.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139536752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Detection of serum and urinary proteins is important for normal conditions, but comparison of individual serum and urine proteins is rarely performed. The aim of this study was to examine beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) in the serum and urine of cats with chronic kidney disease and lower urinary tract disease (LUTD), in addition to healthy cats. Serum and urine samples were analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by immunoblotting for beta2-MG, ApoA-I, IgG, and IgM. The molecular weight of serum beta2-MG was greater than the predicted molecular weight (11,472 Da), and different types of modified beta2-MGs were detected in the urine of healthy and diseased cats including original type in addition to grycocylated and partially digested types. Serum and urinary ApoA-I molecular weights were lower than the predicted molecular weight (28,943 Da), and high levels of urinary ApoA-I were detected in LUTD cats, although urinary ApoA-I was not detected in healthy cats. Under non-reducing conditions, H-chains of urinary IgM pentamers and IgG monomers were detected in healthy cats. These results suggest that urinary beta2-MG is modified in a different manner from serum beta2-MG, urinary ApoA-I is a potential marker of LUTD, and urinary IgM pentamer, IgG monomer, and their H-chains are found after glomerular filtration even in healthy conditions.
{"title":"Comparisons of beta2-microglobulin, apolipoprotein A1, and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) detected in the serum and urine from individual cats","authors":"Michio Katagai, Haruka Imatomi, Yashuhiko Tshuchida, Kinya Katayama, Yasunaga Yoshikawa, K. Orino","doi":"10.4206/ajvs.553.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4206/ajvs.553.06","url":null,"abstract":"Detection of serum and urinary proteins is important for normal conditions, but comparison of individual serum and urine proteins is rarely performed. The aim of this study was to examine beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) in the serum and urine of cats with chronic kidney disease and lower urinary tract disease (LUTD), in addition to healthy cats. Serum and urine samples were analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by immunoblotting for beta2-MG, ApoA-I, IgG, and IgM. The molecular weight of serum beta2-MG was greater than the predicted molecular weight (11,472 Da), and different types of modified beta2-MGs were detected in the urine of healthy and diseased cats including original type in addition to grycocylated and partially digested types. Serum and urinary ApoA-I molecular weights were lower than the predicted molecular weight (28,943 Da), and high levels of urinary ApoA-I were detected in LUTD cats, although urinary ApoA-I was not detected in healthy cats. Under non-reducing conditions, H-chains of urinary IgM pentamers and IgG monomers were detected in healthy cats. These results suggest that urinary beta2-MG is modified in a different manner from serum beta2-MG, urinary ApoA-I is a potential marker of LUTD, and urinary IgM pentamer, IgG monomer, and their H-chains are found after glomerular filtration even in healthy conditions.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139313611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leandro Cádiz, Miguel Guzmán, Fernando Navarrete, Paulina Torres, Hector Hidalgo
Vertebral osteomyelitis is a re-emerging disease characterized by inflammation and necrosis of the thoracic vertebral body, caused by Enterococcus cecorum. Here, we report the first case of vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Enterococcus faecalis in Broiler Breeders, in Chile, which also causes infections in humans and is resistant to multiple antimicrobials, representing a risk to public health.
{"title":"Vertebral osteomyelitis associated with Enterococcus faecalis in Broiler Breeders in Chile","authors":"Leandro Cádiz, Miguel Guzmán, Fernando Navarrete, Paulina Torres, Hector Hidalgo","doi":"10.4206/ajvs.553.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4206/ajvs.553.07","url":null,"abstract":"Vertebral osteomyelitis is a re-emerging disease characterized by inflammation and necrosis of the thoracic vertebral body, caused by Enterococcus cecorum. Here, we report the first case of vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Enterococcus faecalis in Broiler Breeders, in Chile, which also causes infections in humans and is resistant to multiple antimicrobials, representing a risk to public health.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gerold Sievers Prekehr was an eminent veterinary parasitologist and former Full Professor at the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences of the Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh) in Valdivia. After obtaining his veterinary degree at the UACh, Prof. Sievers joined the University’s Veterinary Hospital as lecturer. He obtained his doctorate (Dr. med. vet.) in 1973 at the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (TiHo), Germany, with a thesis describing a novel method to isolate infective larvae of parasitic nematodes from pasture1. Following a period as scientist in the German pharmaceutical industry, Prof. Sievers returned to Chile in 1975 to take a position as Professor and Director of the Laboratory of Parasitology in the Institute of Animal Pathology at the UACh, roles that he held until his retirement in 2009. During his academic and scientific career of over 40 years, Prof. Sievers studied the biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and control of several parasites of veterinary and zoonotic importance in Chile. He performed long-term research studies on the seasonal dynamics of parasite egg excretion and development of infective stages of parasitic nematodes of cattle, sheep, horses and cervids in different environments in southern Chile2,3,4. Prof. Sievers also investigated the life cycles and epidemiology of the cattle horn fly Haematobia irritans and the equine bot flies Gasterophilus5, as well as the biology and economic impact of the salmon parasites Ceratothoa gaudichaudii6 and Caligus rogercresseyi. This seminal work provided new understanding on local infection dynamics of several parasite-host systems, allowing the design of prevention and control strategies of endoparasites and ectoparasites based on the principles of “prophylaxis” (management practices of contaminated areas and of animals to avoid clinical parasitoses) and “metaphylaxis” (strategic administration of antiparasitic drugs to reduce the parasite infective stages in the environment). Furthermore, Prof. Sievers performed extensive studies on the field efficacy of anthelmintics in cattle and horses, reporting the first cases of anthelmintic resistance in equine and bovine nematodes in Chile7,8, as well as testing the effects of bioactive forages as complementary parasite control strategy in cattle9. In addition, he conducted investigations on the fertility and viability of hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus in cattle10 and on the environmental contamination with Toxocara canis eggs. For almost 40 years, the didactic and engaging teaching classes of Prof. Sievers captivated the attention of many generations of veterinary students, often combining the
{"title":"In Memory of Dr. med. vet. Gerold Sievers Prekehr (1943–2023)","authors":"Miguel Peña-Espinoza, Pamela Muñoz","doi":"10.4206/ajvs.553.00","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4206/ajvs.553.00","url":null,"abstract":"Gerold Sievers Prekehr was an eminent veterinary parasitologist and former Full Professor at the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences of the Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh) in Valdivia. After obtaining his veterinary degree at the UACh, Prof. Sievers joined the University’s Veterinary Hospital as lecturer. He obtained his doctorate (Dr. med. vet.) in 1973 at the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (TiHo), Germany, with a thesis describing a novel method to isolate infective larvae of parasitic nematodes from pasture1. Following a period as scientist in the German pharmaceutical industry, Prof. Sievers returned to Chile in 1975 to take a position as Professor and Director of the Laboratory of Parasitology in the Institute of Animal Pathology at the UACh, roles that he held until his retirement in 2009. During his academic and scientific career of over 40 years, Prof. Sievers studied the biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and control of several parasites of veterinary and zoonotic importance in Chile. He performed long-term research studies on the seasonal dynamics of parasite egg excretion and development of infective stages of parasitic nematodes of cattle, sheep, horses and cervids in different environments in southern Chile2,3,4. Prof. Sievers also investigated the life cycles and epidemiology of the cattle horn fly Haematobia irritans and the equine bot flies Gasterophilus5, as well as the biology and economic impact of the salmon parasites Ceratothoa gaudichaudii6 and Caligus rogercresseyi. This seminal work provided new understanding on local infection dynamics of several parasite-host systems, allowing the design of prevention and control strategies of endoparasites and ectoparasites based on the principles of “prophylaxis” (management practices of contaminated areas and of animals to avoid clinical parasitoses) and “metaphylaxis” (strategic administration of antiparasitic drugs to reduce the parasite infective stages in the environment). Furthermore, Prof. Sievers performed extensive studies on the field efficacy of anthelmintics in cattle and horses, reporting the first cases of anthelmintic resistance in equine and bovine nematodes in Chile7,8, as well as testing the effects of bioactive forages as complementary parasite control strategy in cattle9. In addition, he conducted investigations on the fertility and viability of hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus in cattle10 and on the environmental contamination with Toxocara canis eggs. For almost 40 years, the didactic and engaging teaching classes of Prof. Sievers captivated the attention of many generations of veterinary students, often combining the","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135345107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowing the diagnostic value of radiological patellofemoral parameters is important for evaluating the status of small-breed dogs with medial patellar luxation (MPL). This retrospective survey was conducted in four small dog breeds (Mini Pinscher, Pomeranian, Chihuahua, and Yorkshire terrier) on 46 healthy stifle joints and 72 joints with grade II and III MPL. The following morphometric parameters were measured on tangential radiographs: trochlear sulcus angle, lateral and medial trochlear inclination angles, trochlear depth, horizontal and vertical patellar diameters, length of the lateral and medial patellar facets, lateral and medial facet angles, Wiberg angle, congruence angle, and axial linear patellar displacement. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the cut-off values, sensitivity, and specificity of the parameters associated with MPL. The trochlear sulcus angle and trochlear depth were capable of consistently identifying the MPL-affected joints (AUCs > 0.9). The parameters describing the position of the patella within the trochlear groove (congruence angle and axial linear patellar displacement) were found to be the most accurate, with an AUC of over 0.990 and a sensitivity/specificity of over 94%. The patellar morphology parameters had no diagnostic value in distinguishing between healthy and MPL stifles.
{"title":"Diagnostic value of patellofemoral parameters in small breed dogs with medial patellar luxation: a tangential X-ray study","authors":"Radka Garnoeva","doi":"10.4206/ajvs.553.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4206/ajvs.553.05","url":null,"abstract":"Knowing the diagnostic value of radiological patellofemoral parameters is important for evaluating the status of small-breed dogs with medial patellar luxation (MPL). This retrospective survey was conducted in four small dog breeds (Mini Pinscher, Pomeranian, Chihuahua, and Yorkshire terrier) on 46 healthy stifle joints and 72 joints with grade II and III MPL. The following morphometric parameters were measured on tangential radiographs: trochlear sulcus angle, lateral and medial trochlear inclination angles, trochlear depth, horizontal and vertical patellar diameters, length of the lateral and medial patellar facets, lateral and medial facet angles, Wiberg angle, congruence angle, and axial linear patellar displacement. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the cut-off values, sensitivity, and specificity of the parameters associated with MPL. The trochlear sulcus angle and trochlear depth were capable of consistently identifying the MPL-affected joints (AUCs > 0.9). The parameters describing the position of the patella within the trochlear groove (congruence angle and axial linear patellar displacement) were found to be the most accurate, with an AUC of over 0.990 and a sensitivity/specificity of over 94%. The patellar morphology parameters had no diagnostic value in distinguishing between healthy and MPL stifles.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135345113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Canuto Muñoz-García, Obdulia L. Segura-León, Julio C. Gómez-Vargas, Juan González-Maldonado, Juan A. Quintero-Elisea, Juan F. Martínez-Montoya, Cesar Cortez-Romero
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) or mutations are variations with a broad distribution in the genome and, as part of genetic studies, SNP allow the identification of allelic variants related to characteristics of economic importance in sheep production. However, the identification of SNP and their genotypes through sequencing is expensive, as it requires specialized materials and equipment. The objective of this study was to identify polymorphisms and their genotypes in the growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) genes in Pelibuey sheep using the tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system through polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR). DNA extraction and amplification of BMP15 and GDF9 were conducted from blood samples contained in WhatmanTM FTATM cards from 60 multiparous Pelibuey ewes with reproductive records. The T-ARMS-PCR methodology allowed the identification of wild-type genotypes and mutated homozygous genotypes in polymorphisms G4 and G6 of GDF9, whereas mutations in the BMP15 gene were not found. These results were confirmed by sequencing. In conclusion, the T-ARMS-PCR methodology allowed the identification of mutated and wild-type genotypes in SNP G4 and G6 of GDF9, although no mutations were found in BMP15 in Pelibuey sheep. This technique was found to be reliable, rapid, and easily applied to identify polymorphic genotypes.
{"title":"Investigating mutations in the genes GDF9 and BMP15 in Pelibuey sheep through the amplification-refractory mutation system with tetra-primers","authors":"Canuto Muñoz-García, Obdulia L. Segura-León, Julio C. Gómez-Vargas, Juan González-Maldonado, Juan A. Quintero-Elisea, Juan F. Martínez-Montoya, Cesar Cortez-Romero","doi":"10.4206/ajvs.553.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4206/ajvs.553.04","url":null,"abstract":"Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) or mutations are variations with a broad distribution in the genome and, as part of genetic studies, SNP allow the identification of allelic variants related to characteristics of economic importance in sheep production. However, the identification of SNP and their genotypes through sequencing is expensive, as it requires specialized materials and equipment. The objective of this study was to identify polymorphisms and their genotypes in the growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) genes in Pelibuey sheep using the tetra-primer amplification-refractory mutation system through polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR). DNA extraction and amplification of BMP15 and GDF9 were conducted from blood samples contained in WhatmanTM FTATM cards from 60 multiparous Pelibuey ewes with reproductive records. The T-ARMS-PCR methodology allowed the identification of wild-type genotypes and mutated homozygous genotypes in polymorphisms G4 and G6 of GDF9, whereas mutations in the BMP15 gene were not found. These results were confirmed by sequencing. In conclusion, the T-ARMS-PCR methodology allowed the identification of mutated and wild-type genotypes in SNP G4 and G6 of GDF9, although no mutations were found in BMP15 in Pelibuey sheep. This technique was found to be reliable, rapid, and easily applied to identify polymorphic genotypes.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136099742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amal Alkharusi, Nadia Al Khaldi, Nada Al-Sharji, Khalsa Altoubi, Taha Alsubhi, Maged A. Al-Garadi, Naif Al-Gabri, Haytham Ali
Camelpox remains a widespread viral disease in camelids, with socioeconomic relevance. The present study explored the hematological, biochemical, and histopathological alterations in dromedary-racing camels from the North of Oman infected with camelpox virus diagnosed by real-time PCR. Blood and skin samples were collected from camels with clinical signs and skin lesions (n=4) and from healthy camels (n=3) from 10 different camel herds. The results indicated that the infected camels showed clinical signs, including pyrexia, lacrimation, nasal mucus discharge, affixed and swollen eyelids, emaciation, and pimples on the skin of the head, legs, and abdomen. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets were significantly greater, with a significant reduction in leukocyte and lymphocyte counts in infected camels than in healthy camels. Infected camels had higher CK and creatinine levels and hepatic-related metabolites, including AST, ALP, AST, GGT, and LDH, than the apparently healthy camels. Histopathological examination of skin scab samples revealed ballooning degeneration of epidermal cells in the presence of typical large eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and suppurative dermatitis following secondary bacterial infection in all examined infected camels. Camelpox viral DNA was detected using real-time PCR in the blood and skin samples of all infected camels. These findings in dromedary-racing camels associated with a molecular diagnosis of camelpox are described for the first time in the Sultanate of Oman. Therefore, further studies are warranted.
{"title":"Clinicopathological Investigations Among Recurrent Camelpox Outbreaks in Omanis’ Arabian Camels (Camelus dromedarius)","authors":"Amal Alkharusi, Nadia Al Khaldi, Nada Al-Sharji, Khalsa Altoubi, Taha Alsubhi, Maged A. Al-Garadi, Naif Al-Gabri, Haytham Ali","doi":"10.4206/ajvs.553.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4206/ajvs.553.03","url":null,"abstract":"Camelpox remains a widespread viral disease in camelids, with socioeconomic relevance. The present study explored the hematological, biochemical, and histopathological alterations in dromedary-racing camels from the North of Oman infected with camelpox virus diagnosed by real-time PCR. Blood and skin samples were collected from camels with clinical signs and skin lesions (n=4) and from healthy camels (n=3) from 10 different camel herds. The results indicated that the infected camels showed clinical signs, including pyrexia, lacrimation, nasal mucus discharge, affixed and swollen eyelids, emaciation, and pimples on the skin of the head, legs, and abdomen. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets were significantly greater, with a significant reduction in leukocyte and lymphocyte counts in infected camels than in healthy camels. Infected camels had higher CK and creatinine levels and hepatic-related metabolites, including AST, ALP, AST, GGT, and LDH, than the apparently healthy camels. Histopathological examination of skin scab samples revealed ballooning degeneration of epidermal cells in the presence of typical large eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and suppurative dermatitis following secondary bacterial infection in all examined infected camels. Camelpox viral DNA was detected using real-time PCR in the blood and skin samples of all infected camels. These findings in dromedary-racing camels associated with a molecular diagnosis of camelpox are described for the first time in the Sultanate of Oman. Therefore, further studies are warranted.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135204460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Echinococcosis is an important disease with regard to public health and the leading role that humans have in fulfilling the transmission cycle. The objective of this study was to determine the copro-prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs from homes in Huancarama, Peru, and the factors associated with this infection. The research was basic, prospective, quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, and analytical. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee for the Use of Animals (CIEA) and the Institutional Research Ethics Committee (CIEI) of the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. The sample comprised of 519 homes. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to develop layers of information on the study area with georeferencing of the locations of these homes. Information processing was performed using Excel for Windows 2010, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS 25 software, and ArcGIS 10.8. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests were performed to determine the possible associations. Categorical variables were statistically contrasted using the chi-square test with 95% confidence intervals and P ? 0.05, which indicated the extreme degree of significance. It was found that 94.4% of the houses had dogs and that the prevalence of E. granulosus was 27.7% (95/343; 95% CI 22.8-32.6). The distance from the house to the cattle slaughterhouse was associated with disease occurrence (P < 0.01). Locations in the Suni altitude zone presented a higher prevalence (41.8%) (P < 0.05). Lack of knowledge that humans can contract echinococcosis was associated with disease occurrence (P < 0.05).
棘球蚴病是一种影响公共卫生的重要疾病，也是人类在完成传播周期中起主导作用的疾病。本研究的目的是确定秘鲁万卡拉马家庭犬中棘球绦虫的共流行率，以及与这种感染相关的因素。本研究具有基础性、前瞻性、定量性、观察性、横断面性和分析性。该研究得到了秘鲁大学动物使用机构伦理委员会(CIEA)和机构研究伦理委员会(CIEI)的批准。样本包括519个家庭。使用地理信息系统(GIS)开发研究区域的信息层，并以这些房屋的地理位置为参考。使用Excel for Windows 2010、Statistical Package for Social Sciences软件SPSS 25和ArcGIS 10.8进行信息处理。进行单因素和多因素logistic回归检验以确定可能的关联。分类变量采用卡方检验，95%置信区间和P ?0.05，表示极显著程度。调查结果显示，94.4%的家庭有犬，颗粒棘球绦虫患病率为27.7% (95/343;95% ci 22.8-32.6)。鸡舍与牛屠宰场的距离与疾病发生相关(P < 0.01)。苏尼高纬度地区患病率最高(41.8%)(P < 0.05)。缺乏人类可感染棘球蚴病的知识与疾病发生有关(P < 0.05)。
{"title":"Determination of copro-prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus and associated factors in domestic dogs: a household cross-sectional study in Huancarama, Peru","authors":"Aldo Alim Valderrama Pomé, Graciela Mamani Puma, Falcón Julián Uzuriaga Fuentes","doi":"10.4206/ajvs.553.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4206/ajvs.553.02","url":null,"abstract":"Echinococcosis is an important disease with regard to public health and the leading role that humans have in fulfilling the transmission cycle. The objective of this study was to determine the copro-prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs from homes in Huancarama, Peru, and the factors associated with this infection. The research was basic, prospective, quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, and analytical. This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee for the Use of Animals (CIEA) and the Institutional Research Ethics Committee (CIEI) of the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. The sample comprised of 519 homes. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to develop layers of information on the study area with georeferencing of the locations of these homes. Information processing was performed using Excel for Windows 2010, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS 25 software, and ArcGIS 10.8. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests were performed to determine the possible associations. Categorical variables were statistically contrasted using the chi-square test with 95% confidence intervals and P ? 0.05, which indicated the extreme degree of significance. It was found that 94.4% of the houses had dogs and that the prevalence of E. granulosus was 27.7% (95/343; 95% CI 22.8-32.6). The distance from the house to the cattle slaughterhouse was associated with disease occurrence (P < 0.01). Locations in the Suni altitude zone presented a higher prevalence (41.8%) (P < 0.05). Lack of knowledge that humans can contract echinococcosis was associated with disease occurrence (P < 0.05).","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45623931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Loreto Correa, O. A. Aleuy, Angelo Espinoza, M. Soto-Gamboa
The common degu (Octodon degus) is a trendy rodent pet in Europe and the USA, but is also widely used in scientific research. Information about degu housing, nutrition, behavior, disease diagnosis, and disease treatment is abundant in scientific literature. However, information on reproductive management, such as cesarean section, ovariohysterectomy, ovariectomy, and orchiectomy, is scarce and anecdotal. Our general objective was to develop a protocol for cesarean section and ovariohysterectomy for degus. Our results indicated that cesarean post-surgical survival was 100% for mothers and 97% for offspring, while ovariohysterectomy female postsurgical survival was 100%. Cesarean surgeries lasted an average of 61.82 min, while ovariohysterectomies lasted an average of 32.65 min. The initial recovery times for cesarean sections and ovariohysterectomies were an average of 8.18 and 5.53 min, respectively. The full recovery time for cesarean section was an average of 50.18 min, whereas that for ovariohysterectomies was an average of 15.38 min. These results suggest that both protocols are viable for use in veterinary clinics that use mid-level equipment. We discuss our results with data from other rodent species and rabbits and with orchiectomy and ovariectomy procedures practiced in degu. Finally, we discuss in detail four critical considerations for cesarean and ovariohysterectomy surgeries performed on small mammals such as degu.
{"title":"Caesarean surgery and ovariohysterectomy in a precocial rodent Octodon degus","authors":"Loreto Correa, O. A. Aleuy, Angelo Espinoza, M. Soto-Gamboa","doi":"10.4206/ajvs.553.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4206/ajvs.553.01","url":null,"abstract":"The common degu (Octodon degus) is a trendy rodent pet in Europe and the USA, but is also widely used in scientific research. Information about degu housing, nutrition, behavior, disease diagnosis, and disease treatment is abundant in scientific literature. However, information on reproductive management, such as cesarean section, ovariohysterectomy, ovariectomy, and orchiectomy, is scarce and anecdotal. Our general objective was to develop a protocol for cesarean section and ovariohysterectomy for degus. Our results indicated that cesarean post-surgical survival was 100% for mothers and 97% for offspring, while ovariohysterectomy female postsurgical survival was 100%. Cesarean surgeries lasted an average of 61.82 min, while ovariohysterectomies lasted an average of 32.65 min. The initial recovery times for cesarean sections and ovariohysterectomies were an average of 8.18 and 5.53 min, respectively. The full recovery time for cesarean section was an average of 50.18 min, whereas that for ovariohysterectomies was an average of 15.38 min. These results suggest that both protocols are viable for use in veterinary clinics that use mid-level equipment. We discuss our results with data from other rodent species and rabbits and with orchiectomy and ovariectomy procedures practiced in degu. Finally, we discuss in detail four critical considerations for cesarean and ovariohysterectomy surgeries performed on small mammals such as degu.","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47763632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0719-81322023000100009
T. Watson, L. Kubasiewicz, C. Nye, Sajana Thapa, N. Chamberlain, F. Burden
{"title":"The welfare and access to veterinary health services of mules working the mountain trails in the Gorkha region, Nepal","authors":"T. Watson, L. Kubasiewicz, C. Nye, Sajana Thapa, N. Chamberlain, F. Burden","doi":"10.4067/s0719-81322023000100009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0719-81322023000100009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56042,"journal":{"name":"Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49529287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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