Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.02
O. Ermakov, A. Mishta, B. Sheftel, E. Obolenskaya, G. A. Lada, N. Bystrakova, A. Ruchin, A. Lissovsky
The Mediterranean water shrew Neomys anomalus is sparsely distributed across the major part of Eastern Europe. There is a large amount of new information about the enlargement of the distribution range of the species during last 2 to 3 decades. We analysed species distribution, variation of cytochrome b gene and character of appearance of new records on species distribution. We suggest that the “expansion” of the Mediterranean water shrew is rather a result of more thorough faunal studies than of a natural expansion of the species range. How to cite this article: Ermakov O.A., Mishta A.V., Sheftel B.I., Obolenskaya E.V., Lada G.A., Bystrakova N.V., Ruchin A.B., Lissovsky A.A. 2020. Does the Mediterranean water shrew Neomys anomalus (Soricidae, Eulipotyphla) expand the eastern part of the distribution range? // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.2. P.112–130. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.02.
{"title":"Does the Mediterranean water shrew Neomys anomalus (Soricidae, Eulipotyphla) expand the eastern part of the distribution range?","authors":"O. Ermakov, A. Mishta, B. Sheftel, E. Obolenskaya, G. A. Lada, N. Bystrakova, A. Ruchin, A. Lissovsky","doi":"10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean water shrew Neomys anomalus is sparsely distributed across the major part of Eastern Europe. There is a large amount of new information about the enlargement of the distribution range of the species during last 2 to 3 decades. We analysed species distribution, variation of cytochrome b gene and character of appearance of new records on species distribution. We suggest that the “expansion” of the Mediterranean water shrew is rather a result of more thorough faunal studies than of a natural expansion of the species range. How to cite this article: Ermakov O.A., Mishta A.V., Sheftel B.I., Obolenskaya E.V., Lada G.A., Bystrakova N.V., Ruchin A.B., Lissovsky A.A. 2020. Does the Mediterranean water shrew Neomys anomalus (Soricidae, Eulipotyphla) expand the eastern part of the distribution range? // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.2. P.112–130. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.02.","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42743394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.05
A. Ambaryan, E. Kotenkova
The functional significance of the different types of social behavior in total as well as distinct elements of these behavior, are shaped by factors derived mainly from individual, gender and speciesspecific characteristics. We analyzed which of these factors (or all of them) affect features of mating behavior in dyadic encounters of conand heterospecific partners in two closely related forms of house mice — Mus musculus and mice from hybrid zone of Trans-Caucasia. There are two sources of the polymorphism in the gene pool of Trans-Caucasian mice: the ancient (stemmed from relict origin of the genetic pool) and evolutionarily new (derived from gene flows from differentiated taxa: M. domesticus and M. musculus). We revealed that sex is the main factor determining the level of aggression during dyadic encounters of sexual partners. It has been shown that species-specific behavioral patterns are the only factor that determines some of the main quantitative parameters of the male’s sexual behavior. These include the frequency of ejaculation and the rate of mounts with intromission, which are definitive for the successful copulation. As we have shown earlier species-specific features in the patterns of sexual behavior, which appear during encounters of heterospecific males and females belonging to the closely related taxa of house mice, may provoke the incomplete or the unsuccessful copulation. This means that differences in the main quantitative parameters of male’s mating behavior may represent (on an evolutionary scale) one of the driving forces behind the reproductive isolation of Trans-Caucasian mice of hybrid origin from M. musculus. How to cite this article: Ambaryan A.V., Kotenkova E.V. 2020. Mating behavior of house mice of Trans-Caucasian hybrid zone: a comparative study with parent species Mus musculus // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.2. P.149–160. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.05.
{"title":"Mating behavior of house mice of Trans-Caucasian hybrid zone: a comparative study with parent species Mus musculus","authors":"A. Ambaryan, E. Kotenkova","doi":"10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"The functional significance of the different types of social behavior in total as well as distinct elements of these behavior, are shaped by factors derived mainly from individual, gender and speciesspecific characteristics. We analyzed which of these factors (or all of them) affect features of mating behavior in dyadic encounters of conand heterospecific partners in two closely related forms of house mice — Mus musculus and mice from hybrid zone of Trans-Caucasia. There are two sources of the polymorphism in the gene pool of Trans-Caucasian mice: the ancient (stemmed from relict origin of the genetic pool) and evolutionarily new (derived from gene flows from differentiated taxa: M. domesticus and M. musculus). We revealed that sex is the main factor determining the level of aggression during dyadic encounters of sexual partners. It has been shown that species-specific behavioral patterns are the only factor that determines some of the main quantitative parameters of the male’s sexual behavior. These include the frequency of ejaculation and the rate of mounts with intromission, which are definitive for the successful copulation. As we have shown earlier species-specific features in the patterns of sexual behavior, which appear during encounters of heterospecific males and females belonging to the closely related taxa of house mice, may provoke the incomplete or the unsuccessful copulation. This means that differences in the main quantitative parameters of male’s mating behavior may represent (on an evolutionary scale) one of the driving forces behind the reproductive isolation of Trans-Caucasian mice of hybrid origin from M. musculus. How to cite this article: Ambaryan A.V., Kotenkova E.V. 2020. Mating behavior of house mice of Trans-Caucasian hybrid zone: a comparative study with parent species Mus musculus // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.2. P.149–160. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.05.","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47085773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.04
A. Scopin, V. Dzhapova, O. Bembeeva, E. Ayusheva, R. Dzhapova, B. D. Abaturov
The article presents the research results the food selection and preferences of the social vole Microtus socialis in the dry steppes (northern subzone of the deserts) in the Chernye Zemli State Biosphere Reserve (north-western part of the Caspian Lowland). It is the first time when the data on seasonal variability of food composition of social voles in their permanent settlements has been obtained by means of cuticular microhistological feces analysis. The diet of the voles consists of 31 plant species. The basis of the diet is grasses (55–95%), mainly Poa bulbosa. Forbs are consumed in smaller amounts, but they play an important role in the summer life of the rodent. In spring, the tulip bulbs (Tulipa biebersteiniana) and the terrestrial parts of Chorispora tenella are of greatest importance in the nutrition of the vole. These herbivores do not eat Bassia hyssopifolia, Phlomis pungens, Carduus acanthoides at all. Voles maximize the use of forage diversity in the area of their settlements. The trophic interactions of rodents to certain plant species were evaluated through the preferences of baits containing plant extracts. The social voles consume baits with extracts from different plant species in varying degrees. In general, the consumption of baits containing grass extracts is higher than that of baits containing extracts from most species of forbs. In the group of forbs, the social vole unequivocally prefer baits containing tulip extracts. The baits with other forbs are consumed by two or more times less than those with grass extracts. The social vole gives the least preference to baits with extracts from Senecio vernalis and Tanacetum achilleifolium. Most likely, a high concentration of toxic secondary metabolites is the main reason for voles avoiding certain baits with plant extracts. How to cite this article: Scopin A.E., Dzhapova V.V., Bembeeva O.G., Ayusheva E.Ch., Dzhapova R.R., Abaturov B.D. 2020. Diet selection by the social vole Microtus socialis (Pallas, 1773) in the Northwest Caspian Lowland // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.2. P.136–148. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.04.
{"title":"Diet selection by the social vole Microtus socialis (Pallas, 1773) in the Northwest Caspian Lowland","authors":"A. Scopin, V. Dzhapova, O. Bembeeva, E. Ayusheva, R. Dzhapova, B. D. Abaturov","doi":"10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the research results the food selection and preferences of the social vole Microtus socialis in the dry steppes (northern subzone of the deserts) in the Chernye Zemli State Biosphere Reserve (north-western part of the Caspian Lowland). It is the first time when the data on seasonal variability of food composition of social voles in their permanent settlements has been obtained by means of cuticular microhistological feces analysis. The diet of the voles consists of 31 plant species. The basis of the diet is grasses (55–95%), mainly Poa bulbosa. Forbs are consumed in smaller amounts, but they play an important role in the summer life of the rodent. In spring, the tulip bulbs (Tulipa biebersteiniana) and the terrestrial parts of Chorispora tenella are of greatest importance in the nutrition of the vole. These herbivores do not eat Bassia hyssopifolia, Phlomis pungens, Carduus acanthoides at all. Voles maximize the use of forage diversity in the area of their settlements. The trophic interactions of rodents to certain plant species were evaluated through the preferences of baits containing plant extracts. The social voles consume baits with extracts from different plant species in varying degrees. In general, the consumption of baits containing grass extracts is higher than that of baits containing extracts from most species of forbs. In the group of forbs, the social vole unequivocally prefer baits containing tulip extracts. The baits with other forbs are consumed by two or more times less than those with grass extracts. The social vole gives the least preference to baits with extracts from Senecio vernalis and Tanacetum achilleifolium. Most likely, a high concentration of toxic secondary metabolites is the main reason for voles avoiding certain baits with plant extracts. How to cite this article: Scopin A.E., Dzhapova V.V., Bembeeva O.G., Ayusheva E.Ch., Dzhapova R.R., Abaturov B.D. 2020. Diet selection by the social vole Microtus socialis (Pallas, 1773) in the Northwest Caspian Lowland // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.2. P.136–148. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.04.","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43055331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.03
S. Titov, O. N. Batova, N. Vasilieva, L. Savinetskaya, A. Tchabovsky
Ground squirrels are ecosystem engineers and keystone species in many open landscapes of Eurasia, America, and Africa. They are model objects for population studies, behavioural ecology, life-history theory, and conservation biology, the research areas where microsatellite analysis is widely applied and fruitful. So far, microsatellite markers have been developed for only few Palearctic ground squirrels. We tested and characterized 14 markers previously developed for ground squirrels and 10 new loci with tri-, tetra-, and five-nucleotide repeats in the yellow ground squirrel, Spermophilus fulvus, a species widely distributed in Eurasia and endangered in some regions. We found polymorphism in 10 loci, five of them were highly polymorphic (5–14 alleles). These markers will benefit studies of the population genetic structure, parentage, mating system, reproductive success, and interspecific hybridization as well as conservation efforts in S. fulvus and other close-related Eurasian ground squirrels. How to cite this article: Titov S.V., Batova O.N., Vasilieva N.A., Savinetskaya L.E., Tchabovsky A.V. 2020. Development and characterization of new polymorphic microsatellite markers for Eurasian ground squirrel Spermophilus fulvus (Lichtenstein, 1823) // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.2. P.131–135. doi: 10.15298/ rusjtheriol.19.2.03.
{"title":"Development and characterization of new polymorphic microsatellite markers for Eurasian ground squirrel Spermophilus fulvus (Lichtenstein, 1823)","authors":"S. Titov, O. N. Batova, N. Vasilieva, L. Savinetskaya, A. Tchabovsky","doi":"10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Ground squirrels are ecosystem engineers and keystone species in many open landscapes of Eurasia, America, and Africa. They are model objects for population studies, behavioural ecology, life-history theory, and conservation biology, the research areas where microsatellite analysis is widely applied and fruitful. So far, microsatellite markers have been developed for only few Palearctic ground squirrels. We tested and characterized 14 markers previously developed for ground squirrels and 10 new loci with tri-, tetra-, and five-nucleotide repeats in the yellow ground squirrel, Spermophilus fulvus, a species widely distributed in Eurasia and endangered in some regions. We found polymorphism in 10 loci, five of them were highly polymorphic (5–14 alleles). These markers will benefit studies of the population genetic structure, parentage, mating system, reproductive success, and interspecific hybridization as well as conservation efforts in S. fulvus and other close-related Eurasian ground squirrels. How to cite this article: Titov S.V., Batova O.N., Vasilieva N.A., Savinetskaya L.E., Tchabovsky A.V. 2020. Development and characterization of new polymorphic microsatellite markers for Eurasian ground squirrel Spermophilus fulvus (Lichtenstein, 1823) // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.2. P.131–135. doi: 10.15298/ rusjtheriol.19.2.03.","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45265467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.06
A. Kizhina, S. Kalinina, L. Uzenbaeva, D. Panchenko, S. Łapiński, V. Ilyukha, E. Pechorina, V. O. Fokina
The size of erythrocytes varies widely across mammals. Previously, deviations from allometric relationships and existence of factors regulating erythrocyte size other than body mass have been shown. The contribution of factors such as habitat and taxonomy are still under discussion. In the present study we examined the morphology of erythrocytes in rodent species and determined their diameter, and for Ondatra zibethicus and Sciurus vulgaris this was done for the first time. We discovered that erythrocyte diameter of the investigated rodent species ranged from 5.5 to 8.4 μm, varying by a factor of more than 1.5. We analyzed our own data obtained for 10 species as well as data from the literature for 22 species. We found that the size of erythrocytes depended on the phylogenetic position, environmental conditions and body mass. How to cite this article: Kizhina A.G., Kalinina S.N., Uzenbaeva L.B., Panchenko D.V., Łapiński S., Ilyukha V.A., Pechorina E.F., Fokina V.O. 2020. Comparative study of erythrocyte morphology and size in relation to ecophysiological adaptations in Rodentia species // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.2. P.161–171. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.06.
{"title":"Comparative study of erythrocyte morphology and size in relation to ecophysiological adaptations in Rodentia species","authors":"A. Kizhina, S. Kalinina, L. Uzenbaeva, D. Panchenko, S. Łapiński, V. Ilyukha, E. Pechorina, V. O. Fokina","doi":"10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"The size of erythrocytes varies widely across mammals. Previously, deviations from allometric relationships and existence of factors regulating erythrocyte size other than body mass have been shown. The contribution of factors such as habitat and taxonomy are still under discussion. In the present study we examined the morphology of erythrocytes in rodent species and determined their diameter, and for Ondatra zibethicus and Sciurus vulgaris this was done for the first time. We discovered that erythrocyte diameter of the investigated rodent species ranged from 5.5 to 8.4 μm, varying by a factor of more than 1.5. We analyzed our own data obtained for 10 species as well as data from the literature for 22 species. We found that the size of erythrocytes depended on the phylogenetic position, environmental conditions and body mass. How to cite this article: Kizhina A.G., Kalinina S.N., Uzenbaeva L.B., Panchenko D.V., Łapiński S., Ilyukha V.A., Pechorina E.F., Fokina V.O. 2020. Comparative study of erythrocyte morphology and size in relation to ecophysiological adaptations in Rodentia species // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.2. P.161–171. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.06.","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46189076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.09
D. Malikov, A. Shpansky, S. Svyatko
. New data on the timing of the maximum distribution and diet of Ovibos moschatus in south Siberia in the Late Pleistocene are presented. The southern border of the range of musk ox in the West Siberian Plain during the Karginian time (Denekamp Interstadial, DEN) was located in the Tomsk Ob' River region. During the maximum cooling of the Sartanian time (LGM), the southern boundary of the range was limited by the Minusinsk Depression and the foothill plain of the Altai Mountains. Musk oxen of Tomsk Ob' River region had a normal diet similar to that of Pleistocene musk ox and reindeer, and slightly different from the diet of modern musk ox. The diet of musk ox from the Minusinsk Depression was different from that of both the Pleistocene and modern musk oxen, and it was close to that of horses and woolly rhinos. It is possible that the diet of musk ox from the Minusinsk Depression had higher content of in grass and willow. New data on distribution of musk ox Ovibos moschatus in the Late Pleistocene in the south-east of Western Siberia and the Minusinsk Depression
{"title":"New data on distribution of musk ox Ovibos moschatus in the Late Pleistocene in the south-east of Western Siberia and the Minusinsk Depression","authors":"D. Malikov, A. Shpansky, S. Svyatko","doi":"10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.09","url":null,"abstract":". New data on the timing of the maximum distribution and diet of Ovibos moschatus in south Siberia in the Late Pleistocene are presented. The southern border of the range of musk ox in the West Siberian Plain during the Karginian time (Denekamp Interstadial, DEN) was located in the Tomsk Ob' River region. During the maximum cooling of the Sartanian time (LGM), the southern boundary of the range was limited by the Minusinsk Depression and the foothill plain of the Altai Mountains. Musk oxen of Tomsk Ob' River region had a normal diet similar to that of Pleistocene musk ox and reindeer, and slightly different from the diet of modern musk ox. The diet of musk ox from the Minusinsk Depression was different from that of both the Pleistocene and modern musk oxen, and it was close to that of horses and woolly rhinos. It is possible that the diet of musk ox from the Minusinsk Depression had higher content of in grass and willow. New data on distribution of musk ox Ovibos moschatus in the Late Pleistocene in the south-east of Western Siberia and the Minusinsk Depression","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42169260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.07
J. Englund
In foxes, Vulpes vulpes, the dewclaw sits on the forelimb a bit up from the ground. It is usually thought to be functionless. The length of metacarpal 1 and metacarpal 3, as well as the relation between them (Mc1 / Mc3), increases northwards from Denmark to northern Sweden. If it were the same physiological system regulating the growth of all the metacarpal bones, they would increase at the same ratio and the long metacarpal 3 (43–64 mm) would therefore increase northwards in absolute length more than the shorter metacarpal 1 (13–20 mm). In this case the dewclaw in northern foxes would be set higher above the ground than in southern ones. If measured as a percentage, however, the mean length of metacarpal 1 shows a larger increase northwards than that of the other metacarpal bones. The tip of the nail of the dewclaw in foxes is shown to be 12–15 mm above the ground in all areas in Scandinavia, and the dewclaw is therefore considered to have an important function. It is believed to increase the effectiveness of hunting voles, when the dewclaws will hit the back of the prey. How to cite this article: Englund J.K.Å. 2020. The function of the dewclaw in the Scandinavian red fox (Vulpes vulpes) // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.2. P.172–177. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.07.
{"title":"The function of the dewclaw in the Scandinavian red fox (Vulpes vulpes)","authors":"J. Englund","doi":"10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"In foxes, Vulpes vulpes, the dewclaw sits on the forelimb a bit up from the ground. It is usually thought to be functionless. The length of metacarpal 1 and metacarpal 3, as well as the relation between them (Mc1 / Mc3), increases northwards from Denmark to northern Sweden. If it were the same physiological system regulating the growth of all the metacarpal bones, they would increase at the same ratio and the long metacarpal 3 (43–64 mm) would therefore increase northwards in absolute length more than the shorter metacarpal 1 (13–20 mm). In this case the dewclaw in northern foxes would be set higher above the ground than in southern ones. If measured as a percentage, however, the mean length of metacarpal 1 shows a larger increase northwards than that of the other metacarpal bones. The tip of the nail of the dewclaw in foxes is shown to be 12–15 mm above the ground in all areas in Scandinavia, and the dewclaw is therefore considered to have an important function. It is believed to increase the effectiveness of hunting voles, when the dewclaws will hit the back of the prey. How to cite this article: Englund J.K.Å. 2020. The function of the dewclaw in the Scandinavian red fox (Vulpes vulpes) // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.2. P.172–177. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.07.","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41631037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-29DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.1.08
G. Boeskorov, V. Vinokurov, M. Shchelchkova, Vladislav G. Boeskorov
Cases of melanism in the mountain hare Lepus timidus in the territory of Yakutia were analyzed. The highest frequency of this rare phenomenon was observed in the basin of the Vilyuy River, with at least nine cases over the last 50 years. It was proposed that this phenomenon was the result of increased mutagenesis in this territory, due to consequence of the features of the natural geochemical background and anthropogenic pollution. How to cite this article: Boeskorov G.G., Vinokurov V.N., Shchelchkova M.V., Boeskorov V.G. 2020. Cases of melanism in mountain hare (Lepus timidus) in Yakutia // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.1. P.79–84. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.1.08.
{"title":"Cases of melanism in mountain hare (Lepus timidus) in Yakutia","authors":"G. Boeskorov, V. Vinokurov, M. Shchelchkova, Vladislav G. Boeskorov","doi":"10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"Cases of melanism in the mountain hare Lepus timidus in the territory of Yakutia were analyzed. The highest frequency of this rare phenomenon was observed in the basin of the Vilyuy River, with at least nine cases over the last 50 years. It was proposed that this phenomenon was the result of increased mutagenesis in this territory, due to consequence of the features of the natural geochemical background and anthropogenic pollution. How to cite this article: Boeskorov G.G., Vinokurov V.N., Shchelchkova M.V., Boeskorov V.G. 2020. Cases of melanism in mountain hare (Lepus timidus) in Yakutia // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.1. P.79–84. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.1.08.","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45620399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-29DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.1.01
V. Gromov
The evolution of paternal care in rodents has intrigued biologists for over decades. In this paper, both ultimate (adaptive significance, evolution) and proximate (ontogeny, mechanisms) questions related to the emergence and maintenance of male paternal care are reviewed. Paternal care is thought to be a consequence of social monogamy, but no definitive hypothesis adequately explains the evolution of paternal behavior in rodents. The onset, activation and maintenance of paternal care are shown to be governed by complex interactions in neuroendocrine systems that change during ontogeny. Depending on the species, different components of male experience as well as different exogenous cues are likely to be involved in the organization and activation of paternal behavior. Several hormones, including steroids (testosterone, estradiol, progesterone) and neuropeptides (prolactin, vasopressin, oxytocin), are involved in the onset, the maintenance, or both the onset and the maintenance of parental behavior, including direct paternal care. The effect of testosterone was found to be not universal and, moreover, species-specific. As for estrogens and neuropeptides, further investigations are needed to better understand the role of these hormones in activation and maintenance of rodent paternal behavior. Current research shows that male parental care in rodents is, to a great extent, an epigenetic phenomenon, and future studies will focus on the epigenetic modifications that can affect the paternal behavior in rodents. How to cite this article: Gromov V.S. 2020. Paternal care in rodents: ultimate causation and proximate mechanisms // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.1. P.1–20. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.1.01.
几十年来，啮齿动物父系抚育的进化一直吸引着生物学家。本文综述了与雄性抚育的产生和维持有关的终极问题(适应意义、进化)和近因问题(个体发生、机制)。父系关怀被认为是社会一夫一妻制的结果，但没有明确的假设能充分解释啮齿动物父系行为的进化。在个体发育过程中，父系关爱的发生、激活和维持是由神经内分泌系统中复杂的相互作用所控制的。根据物种的不同，雄性经验的不同组成部分以及不同的外源线索可能参与了父系行为的组织和激活。包括类固醇(睾酮、雌二醇、孕酮)和神经肽(催乳素、抗利尿素、催产素)在内的几种激素参与了亲代行为的开始、维持，或同时参与了亲代行为的开始和维持，包括直接的父亲照顾。研究发现，睾酮的作用并不是普遍存在的，而且是有物种特异性的。至于雌激素和神经肽，需要进一步的研究来更好地了解这些激素在激活和维持啮齿动物父系行为中的作用。目前的研究表明，啮齿动物的雄性亲代抚育在很大程度上是一种表观遗传现象，未来的研究将集中在影响啮齿动物父代行为的表观遗传修饰上。本文摘自:Gromov vs . 2020。啮齿类动物父系抚育的最终原因和近因机制[j]。Vol.19。第一。P.1-20。doi: 10.15298 / rusjtheriol.19.1.01。
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Pub Date : 2020-05-29DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.1.04
T. Zorenko, U. Kagainis, Lyubova Barashkova
The purpose of this work is to investigate the divergence of the brain’ size and shape of three vole's taxa of “guentheri” group using geometric and linear morphometric analysis. The obtained data show that the sex factor does not affect the brain's linear parameters and shape of the studied taxa that indicates a weak effect of the sexual selection on morphological adaptation and variability of the brain structure. The linear measurements of the investigated taxa differ significantly by all signs (24 parameters). The obtained data indicate that the divergence of Microtus guentheri and M. hartingi is the most significant (92%) that obviously is associated with ancient isolation of this species by Anatolian Diagonal. The differences between the two subspecies (M. hartingi hartingi and M. h. lydius) are much smaller — 63%. It should be noted that the vole of the Strandzha Mountain — M. h. strandzensis differs from the M. h. hartingi and M. h. lydius significantly more — 82 and 75%, respectively. These differences may reflect the history of the investigation of voles from Anatolia to Europe. Geometric deformities of the brain of all taxa are found. Analysis of canonical variations showed that all three taxa differ significantly, both laterally and dorsally. Comparison of taxa lateral views showed that M. h. lydius brain is more flatten than M. h. hartingi, but M. guentheri has a broader brain and a smoother outer olfactory tract as well as smaller olfactory bulbs. By dorsal view, deformation of M. guentheri brain at the attachment sites of the cerebellum hemisphere to the cerebral hemisphere is observed, while the cerebellum worm of M. h. lydius is more flattened. The factors affecting the diversity of brain complexity could include allometry, phylogeny and natural selection. The accelerated morphological evolution of the “guentheri” group can be explained by the fragmentation of the range and habitats. How to cite this article: Zorenko T., Kagainis U., Barashkova L. 2020. Does the geometric and linear morphometry of the brain reflect the divergence in the “guentheri” group (Arvicolinae, Sumeriomys)? // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.1. P.45–57. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.1.04.
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