Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.07
H. Tsunoda
Many deer species exhibit typical vigilance behavior as an anti-predator response to human disturbances. However, vigilance behavior in sika deer (Cervus nippon) has not previously been assessed. I explored whether human disturbances increase vigilance in sika deer by comparing their behaviors in two areas with different levels of human activity using camera-trapping techniques. The deer spent a significantly higher proportion of time exhibiting vigilance behavior in the site with higher levels of human activity, supporting my initial hypothesis. In addition, their vigilance increased in winter, possibly due to hunting by humans. How to cite this article: Tsunoda H. 2021. Human disturbances increase vigilance levels in sika deer (Cervus nippon): A preliminary observation by camera-trapping // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.20. No.1. P.59–69. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.1.07.
{"title":"Human disturbances increase vigilance levels in sika deer (Cervus nippon): A preliminary observation by camera-trapping","authors":"H. Tsunoda","doi":"10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Many deer species exhibit typical vigilance behavior as an anti-predator response to human disturbances. However, vigilance behavior in sika deer (Cervus nippon) has not previously been assessed. I explored whether human disturbances increase vigilance in sika deer by comparing their behaviors in two areas with different levels of human activity using camera-trapping techniques. The deer spent a significantly higher proportion of time exhibiting vigilance behavior in the site with higher levels of human activity, supporting my initial hypothesis. In addition, their vigilance increased in winter, possibly due to hunting by humans. How to cite this article: Tsunoda H. 2021. Human disturbances increase vigilance levels in sika deer (Cervus nippon): A preliminary observation by camera-trapping // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.20. No.1. P.59–69. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.1.07.","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":"20 1","pages":"59-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46730961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.01
D. Smirnov, V. Bezrukov, N. M. Kurmaeva
Characteristic features of summer habitat and foraging time used by female E. nilssonii of differing reproductive status have been investigated. The research was carried out in the north of Samarskaya Luka in May and July 2012–2018. Sixteen bats were captured and tagged with transmitters. Research revealed that tree hollows serve as main roosts for bats. Regular roost switching is characteristic for pregnant and post-lactating female colonies, while lactating females utilize the same roost for nearly the entire lactation period. Evening emergence of bats is highly light dependent and occurs 40 minutes after sunset on average. Female home range size is similar in spring and summer, and averages 430.7 and 401.8 ha, respectively. Regardless of the season, their main foraging sites are forest edges, clearings, and spaces along the vertical tree and shrubbery vegetation structure of the riverbank area. Pregnant and post-lactating females not caring for offspring exhibit similar duration of nocturnal activity. Lactating females forage less and in phases. In late spring, females often hunt in places located over 3 km away from daytime roosts, while in summer they usually forage within 1 km of the roost. The revealed differences in behavior of pregnant, lactating, and post-lactating females are discussed in relation to insect resources and the energy costs of foraging and feeding non-flying offsprings. How to cite this article: Smirnov D.G., Bezrukov V.A., Kurmaeva N.M. 2021. Use of habitat and foraging time by females of Eptesicus nilssonii (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.20. No.1. P.1–10. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.1.01.
{"title":"Use of habitat and foraging time by females of Eptesicus nilssonii (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae)","authors":"D. Smirnov, V. Bezrukov, N. M. Kurmaeva","doi":"10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Characteristic features of summer habitat and foraging time used by female E. nilssonii of differing reproductive status have been investigated. The research was carried out in the north of Samarskaya Luka in May and July 2012–2018. Sixteen bats were captured and tagged with transmitters. Research revealed that tree hollows serve as main roosts for bats. Regular roost switching is characteristic for pregnant and post-lactating female colonies, while lactating females utilize the same roost for nearly the entire lactation period. Evening emergence of bats is highly light dependent and occurs 40 minutes after sunset on average. Female home range size is similar in spring and summer, and averages 430.7 and 401.8 ha, respectively. Regardless of the season, their main foraging sites are forest edges, clearings, and spaces along the vertical tree and shrubbery vegetation structure of the riverbank area. Pregnant and post-lactating females not caring for offspring exhibit similar duration of nocturnal activity. Lactating females forage less and in phases. In late spring, females often hunt in places located over 3 km away from daytime roosts, while in summer they usually forage within 1 km of the roost. The revealed differences in behavior of pregnant, lactating, and post-lactating females are discussed in relation to insect resources and the energy costs of foraging and feeding non-flying offsprings. How to cite this article: Smirnov D.G., Bezrukov V.A., Kurmaeva N.M. 2021. Use of habitat and foraging time by females of Eptesicus nilssonii (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.20. No.1. P.1–10. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.1.01.","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42428574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.02
V. Gromov
The effect of the presence or absence of the male on pup survival and pup growth was measured from birth through day 30 after birth in the common vole (Microtus arvalis) and the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). It was found that the presence of the male can result in some decrease in the offspring survival in both species under study. In the common vole, the growth rates of pups reared by single females were significantly higher than in the pups reared by both parents, and the presence of the sire negatively affected the growth rates of the young males. As for the bank vole, the presence of the male was found to have no effect on the growth rates of the young individuals. The results of the study indicate a decrease in reproductive success, and, accordingly, in fitness, of males of the species under study, especially in the common vole, if they choose a reproductive strategy based on pair bonding and biparental care. Possible factors favoring the formation of family groups and increasing individual indirect fitness in social (biparental) rodent species are discussed. How to cite this article: Gromov V.S. 2021. Reduced reproductive success in voles Microtus arvalis and Myodes glareolus: Male presence negatively affects offspring survival and their growth rates // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.20. No.1. P.11–18. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.1.02.
在普通田鼠(Microtus arvalis)和银行田鼠(Myodes glareolus)中，从出生到出生后30天，测量了雄性的存在或缺失对幼鼠生存和生长的影响。研究发现，在研究的两个物种中，雄性的存在会导致后代存活率有所下降。在普通田鼠中，单雌性饲养的幼鼠的生长率明显高于双亲饲养的幼鼠，而父系的存在对幼鼠的生长率有负向影响。至于银行田鼠，发现雄性田鼠的存在对年轻个体的生长速度没有影响。研究结果表明，在所研究的物种中，尤其是普通田鼠，如果雄性选择基于配对结合和双亲照顾的繁殖策略，那么它们的繁殖成功率会降低，相应地，适合度也会降低。讨论了社会(双亲)啮齿类动物形成家族群体和增加个体间接适合度的可能因素。本文摘自:Gromov vs . 2021。田鼠和野田鼠繁殖成功率降低:雄性存在对后代存活率和生长率有负面影响// Russian J. Theriol。第2期。第一。P.11-18。doi: 10.15298 / rusjtheriol.20.1.02。
{"title":"Reduced reproductive success in voles Microtus arvalis and Myodes glareolus: Male presence negatively affects offspring survival and their growth rates","authors":"V. Gromov","doi":"10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the presence or absence of the male on pup survival and pup growth was measured from birth through day 30 after birth in the common vole (Microtus arvalis) and the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). It was found that the presence of the male can result in some decrease in the offspring survival in both species under study. In the common vole, the growth rates of pups reared by single females were significantly higher than in the pups reared by both parents, and the presence of the sire negatively affected the growth rates of the young males. As for the bank vole, the presence of the male was found to have no effect on the growth rates of the young individuals. The results of the study indicate a decrease in reproductive success, and, accordingly, in fitness, of males of the species under study, especially in the common vole, if they choose a reproductive strategy based on pair bonding and biparental care. Possible factors favoring the formation of family groups and increasing individual indirect fitness in social (biparental) rodent species are discussed. How to cite this article: Gromov V.S. 2021. Reduced reproductive success in voles Microtus arvalis and Myodes glareolus: Male presence negatively affects offspring survival and their growth rates // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.20. No.1. P.11–18. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.1.02.","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":"20 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43776734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.04
V. Kirilyuk
Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa) has been recovering in the Zabaikalsky Krai of Russia since 1993–1994. The process, supported by successful conservation measures, was slow at first, but then accelerated rapidly. Establishment of sedentary groups and increase of their abundance on the Russian territory took place with a simultaneous increase of seasonal migrations of transboundary groups. They became annual since 2008. Russian part of the range expanded from 260 km2 in 1998 to 29 700 km2 in 2020. It covers about 90% of habitats suitable for gazelle in the region. In 2019–2020, both the number of antelopes entering Russia and an area they occupy increased the most: not only antelopes wintered in Russia but they also expanded their occurrence on Russian territory during summer time which was unusual previously and led to a rapid increase of resident local groups. Also, barbed wire fence along a state border near the junction of Mongolia and China contributed to increased accumulation of antelopes on the Russian territory. An unusual entry of Goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) from Mongolia to Zabaikaisky Krai was first recorded in January 2020. The adult male was photographed near Solovyevsk station more than 500 km from the nearest part of its current range. My findings show that Mongolian gazelles rapidly concentrate in a disproportionately small part (4%) of their current range i.e. the steppe part of Zabaikalsky krai of Russia. This concentration increases a probability of human-wildlife conflicts in Russia. Moreover, given the limited area of the suitable habitats and large number of natural and artificial barriers, chances of mass mortality among migrating cross-border groups increase dramatically. The observed processes evidence anthropogenic displacement of ungulates from the Mongolian territory due to a growing depletion of the forage supply and other negative drivers. In particular, climate change can increase the dangerous impact of humans. There is an urgent need to implement effective measures for conservation of Mongolian gazelle, based on regular monitoring of populations’ parameters that serve as indicators of their sustainability. How to cite this article: Kirilyuk V.E. 2021. Rapidly increasing migratory activity of Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa) and the sightings of Goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Transbaikalia as an alarm // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.20. No.1. P.25–30. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.1.04.
{"title":"Rapidly increasing migratory activity of Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa) and the sightings of Goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Transbaikalia as an alarm","authors":"V. Kirilyuk","doi":"10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa) has been recovering in the Zabaikalsky Krai of Russia since 1993–1994. The process, supported by successful conservation measures, was slow at first, but then accelerated rapidly. Establishment of sedentary groups and increase of their abundance on the Russian territory took place with a simultaneous increase of seasonal migrations of transboundary groups. They became annual since 2008. Russian part of the range expanded from 260 km2 in 1998 to 29 700 km2 in 2020. It covers about 90% of habitats suitable for gazelle in the region. In 2019–2020, both the number of antelopes entering Russia and an area they occupy increased the most: not only antelopes wintered in Russia but they also expanded their occurrence on Russian territory during summer time which was unusual previously and led to a rapid increase of resident local groups. Also, barbed wire fence along a state border near the junction of Mongolia and China contributed to increased accumulation of antelopes on the Russian territory. An unusual entry of Goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) from Mongolia to Zabaikaisky Krai was first recorded in January 2020. The adult male was photographed near Solovyevsk station more than 500 km from the nearest part of its current range. My findings show that Mongolian gazelles rapidly concentrate in a disproportionately small part (4%) of their current range i.e. the steppe part of Zabaikalsky krai of Russia. This concentration increases a probability of human-wildlife conflicts in Russia. Moreover, given the limited area of the suitable habitats and large number of natural and artificial barriers, chances of mass mortality among migrating cross-border groups increase dramatically. The observed processes evidence anthropogenic displacement of ungulates from the Mongolian territory due to a growing depletion of the forage supply and other negative drivers. In particular, climate change can increase the dangerous impact of humans. There is an urgent need to implement effective measures for conservation of Mongolian gazelle, based on regular monitoring of populations’ parameters that serve as indicators of their sustainability. How to cite this article: Kirilyuk V.E. 2021. Rapidly increasing migratory activity of Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa) and the sightings of Goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in Transbaikalia as an alarm // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.20. No.1. P.25–30. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.1.04.","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":"20 1","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41319170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.05
N. Benamor, F. Bounaceur, S. Aulagnier
Studying the dietary habits of wild animals is essential for the efficient wildlife management. This paper presents the results of dietary overlap of Cuvier's gazelle (Gazella cuvieri) and two species of livestock to evaluate whether or not they compete for forage. The study was conducted from September 2016 to August 2017 in the Djebel Messaâd Forest, Algeria, using microhistological analysis. The diet of Cuvier’s gazelle and livestock maintained a high proportion of grasses, shrubs and trees. At Djebel Messaâd Forest, of the total 48 food plant species identified in fecal samples, 39 of which were found in Cuvier’s gazelle, 29 and 36 from domestic sheep and goats respectively; 20 genera occurred in the annual diets of both Cuvier’s gazelle and livestock. The principal foods were browses (N% = 52.6) for Cuvier’s gazelle, while the dominant forage species included Stipa tenacissima, Artemisia herba alba, Pistacia terebinthus, Stipa parviflora, Helianthemum sp. The food diversity was invariably high for Cuvier’s gazelle in autumn and generally decreased from winter to summer, we conclude that this gazelle exhibited a higher dietary diversity than livestock. Shared species 21 represented a higher proportion of dietary items for Cuvier’s gazelle (N% = 76.9) than for sheep (N% = 54.0). While shared 28 species, a very higher proportion of those used by Cuvier’s gazelle (N% = 91.4) than by goats (N% = 61.2). Dietary overlap indices confirmed that, livestock had very similar diets. while, both of them had moderate diet overlap with Cuvier’s gazelle. How to cite this article: Benamor N., Bounaceur F., Aulagnier S. 2021. Dietary overlap of wild ungulate Cuvier’s gazelle with livestock (sheep and goats) in Djebel Messaâd Forest, Algeria // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.20. No.1. P.31–43. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.1.05.
{"title":"Dietary overlap of wild ungulate Cuvier�s gazelle with livestock (sheep and goats) in Djebel Messa�d Forest, Algeria","authors":"N. Benamor, F. Bounaceur, S. Aulagnier","doi":"10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the dietary habits of wild animals is essential for the efficient wildlife management. This paper presents the results of dietary overlap of Cuvier's gazelle (Gazella cuvieri) and two species of livestock to evaluate whether or not they compete for forage. The study was conducted from September 2016 to August 2017 in the Djebel Messaâd Forest, Algeria, using microhistological analysis. The diet of Cuvier’s gazelle and livestock maintained a high proportion of grasses, shrubs and trees. At Djebel Messaâd Forest, of the total 48 food plant species identified in fecal samples, 39 of which were found in Cuvier’s gazelle, 29 and 36 from domestic sheep and goats respectively; 20 genera occurred in the annual diets of both Cuvier’s gazelle and livestock. The principal foods were browses (N% = 52.6) for Cuvier’s gazelle, while the dominant forage species included Stipa tenacissima, Artemisia herba alba, Pistacia terebinthus, Stipa parviflora, Helianthemum sp. The food diversity was invariably high for Cuvier’s gazelle in autumn and generally decreased from winter to summer, we conclude that this gazelle exhibited a higher dietary diversity than livestock. Shared species 21 represented a higher proportion of dietary items for Cuvier’s gazelle (N% = 76.9) than for sheep (N% = 54.0). While shared 28 species, a very higher proportion of those used by Cuvier’s gazelle (N% = 91.4) than by goats (N% = 61.2). Dietary overlap indices confirmed that, livestock had very similar diets. while, both of them had moderate diet overlap with Cuvier’s gazelle. How to cite this article: Benamor N., Bounaceur F., Aulagnier S. 2021. Dietary overlap of wild ungulate Cuvier’s gazelle with livestock (sheep and goats) in Djebel Messaâd Forest, Algeria // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.20. No.1. P.31–43. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.1.05.","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":"20 1","pages":"31-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45074429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.06
I. Rusin, I. Volodin, E. Sitnikova, M. N. Litvinov, R. S. Andronova, E. Volodina
In Russia, current populations of Cervus elaphus sensu lato represent a mix of fragmented remnants of ancestral red deer naturally radiated from their center of origin in Middle Asia and populations, either re-stored by people at places where the native red deer are extinct or kept for agricultural production. Male rutting roaring activity represents an important part of red deer reproduction but there are no methods for unified evaluation of roaring dynamics. This study proposes the criteria for subdividing the entire rut period to phases (start, active, fading), applicable irrespectively to differences in population geographical area, animal density, subspecies or absolute values of call number per hour. With this approach, we estimate stag rutting roaring activity on hourly basis in five populations of red deer belonging to three subspecies by using two spaced automated recording devices per population, recording roars for 5 min/hour, 24 h/day, for 52–60 days of rutting period. Two spaced recorders per population provided similar data on rut dynamics, although absolute values of call number per hour were different. In four of the five study populations, rut period covered approximately the same calendar dates, from the last days of August until the last ten days of October. The mean roaring activity over a rut period differed strongly between populations (from 4– 15 calls/h to 319–377 calls/h). Effects of time of day on roaring activity differed between rut phases. The possible reasons of this variability are discussed. How to cite this article: Rusin I.Yu., Volodin I.A., Sitnikova E.F., Litvinov M.N., Andronova R.S., Volodina E.V. 2021. Roaring dynamics in rutting male red deer Cervus elaphus from five Russian populations // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.20. No.1. P.44–58. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.1.06.
{"title":"Roaring dynamics in rutting male red deer Cervus elaphus from five Russian populations","authors":"I. Rusin, I. Volodin, E. Sitnikova, M. N. Litvinov, R. S. Andronova, E. Volodina","doi":"10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"In Russia, current populations of Cervus elaphus sensu lato represent a mix of fragmented remnants of ancestral red deer naturally radiated from their center of origin in Middle Asia and populations, either re-stored by people at places where the native red deer are extinct or kept for agricultural production. Male rutting roaring activity represents an important part of red deer reproduction but there are no methods for unified evaluation of roaring dynamics. This study proposes the criteria for subdividing the entire rut period to phases (start, active, fading), applicable irrespectively to differences in population geographical area, animal density, subspecies or absolute values of call number per hour. With this approach, we estimate stag rutting roaring activity on hourly basis in five populations of red deer belonging to three subspecies by using two spaced automated recording devices per population, recording roars for 5 min/hour, 24 h/day, for 52–60 days of rutting period. Two spaced recorders per population provided similar data on rut dynamics, although absolute values of call number per hour were different. In four of the five study populations, rut period covered approximately the same calendar dates, from the last days of August until the last ten days of October. The mean roaring activity over a rut period differed strongly between populations (from 4– 15 calls/h to 319–377 calls/h). Effects of time of day on roaring activity differed between rut phases. The possible reasons of this variability are discussed. How to cite this article: Rusin I.Yu., Volodin I.A., Sitnikova E.F., Litvinov M.N., Andronova R.S., Volodina E.V. 2021. Roaring dynamics in rutting male red deer Cervus elaphus from five Russian populations // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.20. No.1. P.44–58. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.1.06.","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":"20 1","pages":"44-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47584727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.10
D. Gimranov
Various polymorphic dental characters of Vulpes vulpes and Vulpes lagopus have been described on the basis of a detailed description of the occlusal surfaces of Р4, М1, and М2. The prevalence of these characters was found to be significantly different between samples of V. vulpes and mainland V. lagopus, which can be used to determine species in a fossil record. Notably, Commander Islands V. lagopus differ from mainland V. lagopus in most of the characters. However, some characters of Mednyi Island V. lagopus are unique to them and are not found in any other sample. Some samples from Bering Island do not display such specific features. Samples of ancient foxes, V. praeglacialis and V. praecorsac, have also been studied. Primitive features were observed in both V. praeglacialis and V. praecorsac, with the latter exhibiting also a number of advanced features. It has also been found that primitive features are prevalent in the maxillary dentition of V. vulpes. The insular groups of V. lagopus display numerous primitive features, whereas mainland V. lagopus demonstrate a substantial number of advanced characters. This combination of primitive and advanced features is typical of insular V. lagopus and indirectly suggests that these populations have spent a long time in isolation. How to cite this article: Gimranov D.O. 2021. Structure of the upper teeth of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) and analysis of dental variability in insular forms // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.20. No.1. P.96–110. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.1.10.
{"title":"Structure of the upper teeth of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) and analysis of dental variability in insular forms","authors":"D. Gimranov","doi":"10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Various polymorphic dental characters of Vulpes vulpes and Vulpes lagopus have been described on the basis of a detailed description of the occlusal surfaces of Р4, М1, and М2. The prevalence of these characters was found to be significantly different between samples of V. vulpes and mainland V. lagopus, which can be used to determine species in a fossil record. Notably, Commander Islands V. lagopus differ from mainland V. lagopus in most of the characters. However, some characters of Mednyi Island V. lagopus are unique to them and are not found in any other sample. Some samples from Bering Island do not display such specific features. Samples of ancient foxes, V. praeglacialis and V. praecorsac, have also been studied. Primitive features were observed in both V. praeglacialis and V. praecorsac, with the latter exhibiting also a number of advanced features. It has also been found that primitive features are prevalent in the maxillary dentition of V. vulpes. The insular groups of V. lagopus display numerous primitive features, whereas mainland V. lagopus demonstrate a substantial number of advanced characters. This combination of primitive and advanced features is typical of insular V. lagopus and indirectly suggests that these populations have spent a long time in isolation. How to cite this article: Gimranov D.O. 2021. Structure of the upper teeth of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) and analysis of dental variability in insular forms // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.20. No.1. P.96–110. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.1.10.","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":"20 1","pages":"96-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49072374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-28DOI: 10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.08
I. Pavlinov, Natalia N. Spasskаya, Я. Павлинов
Correlation structure of the cheek teeth enamel crown patterns in the genus Equus was studied by means of geometric morphometrics using outline points as descriptors to reveal the levels of morphological integration of the toothrow elements. Crown patterns in 34 upper and 31 lower toothrows (260 teeth in total) from 30 horse species were analyzed, the respective sets of 70 to 150 outline points were processed using the elliptic Fourier, principal component, and cluster analyses. The most correlated were shown to be the serial homologous crown elements within premolar and molar toothrow portions and less across the total toothrow. Correlation between occluding upper and lower teeth was shown to be low. Such correlation structure allowed identifying several levels of integration of the cheek teeth crown patterns in the genus Equus. A possibility of considering the serial homologous crown elements as the modules of the evolutionary developmental structure of the equine toothrows was discussed. Certain perspectives of similar studies in the specialized artiodactyles were emphasized. How to cite this article: Pavlinov I.Ya., Spasskаya N.N. 2021. Correlation structure of the cheek teeth enamel crown patterns in the genus Equus (Mammalia: Equidae): an analysis by geometric morphometrics with outline points // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.20. No.1. P.70–81. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.1.08.
{"title":"Correlation structure of the cheek teeth enamel crown patterns in the genus Equus (Mammalia: Equidae): an analysis by geometric morphometrics with outline points","authors":"I. Pavlinov, Natalia N. Spasskаya, Я. Павлинов","doi":"10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/RUSJTHERIOL.20.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"Correlation structure of the cheek teeth enamel crown patterns in the genus Equus was studied by means of geometric morphometrics using outline points as descriptors to reveal the levels of morphological integration of the toothrow elements. Crown patterns in 34 upper and 31 lower toothrows (260 teeth in total) from 30 horse species were analyzed, the respective sets of 70 to 150 outline points were processed using the elliptic Fourier, principal component, and cluster analyses. The most correlated were shown to be the serial homologous crown elements within premolar and molar toothrow portions and less across the total toothrow. Correlation between occluding upper and lower teeth was shown to be low. Such correlation structure allowed identifying several levels of integration of the cheek teeth crown patterns in the genus Equus. A possibility of considering the serial homologous crown elements as the modules of the evolutionary developmental structure of the equine toothrows was discussed. Certain perspectives of similar studies in the specialized artiodactyles were emphasized. How to cite this article: Pavlinov I.Ya., Spasskаya N.N. 2021. Correlation structure of the cheek teeth enamel crown patterns in the genus Equus (Mammalia: Equidae): an analysis by geometric morphometrics with outline points // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.20. No.1. P.70–81. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.20.1.08.","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":"20 1","pages":"70-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44547770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.01
N. A. Shchipanov, T. Demidova
The common shrew Sorex araneus is one of the least social mammals with chiefly aggressive interactions. Although this species is usually considered territorial, the behavioral mechanisms of the social system are not entirely clear. Sociability is the motivation to engage in social contact, the conflict in the case of the common shrew, in the presence of both situational and individual differences, can be an important factor in the use of space in this species. This aspect of behavior of shrews was not studied. We propose a simplified preference test which could be used in field studies. In contrast to the classic Crawley three chamber test we performed trials in one-chamber arena. The test implies assay of preference of an area adjoined to wire-net container with a stimulus animal versus an area-adjoined empty container. The distance, the velocity, and the duration were considered the principal variables. Indexes permitting assay the mobility in a zone and preference of an area is suggested. This publication is devoted to the description of the test and discussing of the preliminary results. How to cite this article: Shchipanov N.A., Demidova T.B. 2020. A test for studying sociability of the common shrew, Sorex araneus // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.2. P.105–111. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.01.
{"title":"A test for studying sociability of the common shrew, Sorex araneus","authors":"N. A. Shchipanov, T. Demidova","doi":"10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"The common shrew Sorex araneus is one of the least social mammals with chiefly aggressive interactions. Although this species is usually considered territorial, the behavioral mechanisms of the social system are not entirely clear. Sociability is the motivation to engage in social contact, the conflict in the case of the common shrew, in the presence of both situational and individual differences, can be an important factor in the use of space in this species. This aspect of behavior of shrews was not studied. We propose a simplified preference test which could be used in field studies. In contrast to the classic Crawley three chamber test we performed trials in one-chamber arena. The test implies assay of preference of an area adjoined to wire-net container with a stimulus animal versus an area-adjoined empty container. The distance, the velocity, and the duration were considered the principal variables. Indexes permitting assay the mobility in a zone and preference of an area is suggested. This publication is devoted to the description of the test and discussing of the preliminary results. How to cite this article: Shchipanov N.A., Demidova T.B. 2020. A test for studying sociability of the common shrew, Sorex araneus // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.2. P.105–111. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.01.","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48243901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-15DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.08
Hiiragi Arisawa, K. Uraguchi, Hirokazu Kouguchi, Tatsuo Oshida, К. Урагучи, Х. Когучи
Alveolar echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by tapeworm, Echinococcus multilocularis. The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is its principle definitive host. Effective decrease in E. multilocularis prevalence is a result of baiting red foxes with the anthelmintic praziquantel. Recently, introduced raccoons (Procyon lotor) are increasing in Hokkaido, Japan. If they frequently consume fox bait, the baiting campaign may not be effective on red foxes. With camera trap, we examined seasonal consumption of fox bait by raccoons in Memuro, Tokachi District, Hokkaido, Japan from May to October, 2018. Raccoons have been reported in Memuro since 2014. We photographed red foxes, raccoons, raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes viverrinus albus), domestic cats (Felis catus), weasels, murids, Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris), sika deer (Cervus nippon), bats, and birds. Proportions of animal species photographed significantly differed among seasons. Red foxes, raccoons, raccoon dogs, domestic cats, and murids consumed fox bait. Proportions of animals consuming fox bait were significantly differed among seasons. In summer and autumn, raccoons frequently appeared at baiting sites and consumed fox bait. We recommend removing raccoons from the area, before baiting campaign. How to cite this article: Arisawa H., Uraguchi K., Kouguchi H., Oshida T. 2020. Note on consumption of fox bait by alien raccoons in eastern Hokkaido, Japan // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.2. P.178–182. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.08.
{"title":"Note on consumption of fox bait by alien raccoons in eastern Hokkaido, Japan","authors":"Hiiragi Arisawa, K. Uraguchi, Hirokazu Kouguchi, Tatsuo Oshida, К. Урагучи, Х. Когучи","doi":"10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"Alveolar echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by tapeworm, Echinococcus multilocularis. The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is its principle definitive host. Effective decrease in E. multilocularis prevalence is a result of baiting red foxes with the anthelmintic praziquantel. Recently, introduced raccoons (Procyon lotor) are increasing in Hokkaido, Japan. If they frequently consume fox bait, the baiting campaign may not be effective on red foxes. With camera trap, we examined seasonal consumption of fox bait by raccoons in Memuro, Tokachi District, Hokkaido, Japan from May to October, 2018. Raccoons have been reported in Memuro since 2014. We photographed red foxes, raccoons, raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes viverrinus albus), domestic cats (Felis catus), weasels, murids, Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris), sika deer (Cervus nippon), bats, and birds. Proportions of animal species photographed significantly differed among seasons. Red foxes, raccoons, raccoon dogs, domestic cats, and murids consumed fox bait. Proportions of animals consuming fox bait were significantly differed among seasons. In summer and autumn, raccoons frequently appeared at baiting sites and consumed fox bait. We recommend removing raccoons from the area, before baiting campaign. How to cite this article: Arisawa H., Uraguchi K., Kouguchi H., Oshida T. 2020. Note on consumption of fox bait by alien raccoons in eastern Hokkaido, Japan // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.19. No.2. P.178–182. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.19.2.08.","PeriodicalId":56047,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Theriology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42887144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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