We validated a modified enrichment broth that changes its color when group B Streptococcus (GBS) grows. No GBS was detected in any of the non-yellow samples. Thus, the non-yellow samples were considered GBS-negative without conducting further examinations, potentially reducing medical costs and workload.
我们验证了一种改良的富集肉汤，当 B 群链球菌（GBS）生长时，肉汤会变色。在非黄色样本中均未检测到 GBS。因此，非黄色样本被认为是 GBS 阴性样本，无需进行进一步检查，从而降低了医疗成本和工作量。
{"title":"Validation of a modified enrichment broth for efficient screening of group B Streptococcus in pregnant women","authors":"Daiki Tanno , Kyoichi Saito , Yasuaki Tomii , Yukari Nakatsuka , Kohei Uechi , Kazutaka Ohashi , Yukio Yamadera , Atsuko Hata , Masahiro Toyokawa , Hiroki Shimura","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We validated a modified enrichment broth that changes its color when group B <em>Streptococcus</em> (GBS) grows. No GBS was detected in any of the non-yellow samples. Thus, the non-yellow samples were considered GBS-negative without conducting further examinations, potentially reducing medical costs and workload.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 6","pages":"Pages 957-960"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141984019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.004
Yi-An Lu , Hsi-Che Liu , Jen-Yin Hou , Nan-Chang Chiu , Ting-Huan Huang , Ting-Chi Yeh
Background
Data describing the risk factors for the occurrence of severe infections in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients following induction chemotherapy and the role of prophylactic granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the era of antimicrobials prophylaxis are limited.
Methods
This study enrolled 188 children aged ≤18 years with newly diagnosed ALL who received Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group ALL-2002 and 2013 treatments between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2021. Prophylactic G-CSF was administered when a patient continues neutropenia after achieving the first bone marrow remission since June 1, 2015. Clinical factors were assessed for their association with severe infections.
Results
From January 2010 to May 2015, 80 children experienced a total of 11 (13.5%) episodes of severe infections; while 10 (9.2%) episodes were reported to occur in 108 patients who received prophylactic G-CSF. Reduction of severe infections occurrence did not achieve statistical significance during prophylactic G-CSF administration in ALL patients. Compared with ALL-high risk (HR) and very high risk patients with no G-CSF prophylaxis, the use of G-CSF prophylaxis significantly reduced episodes of febrile neutropenia. Occurrence of grade III-IV intestinal ileus, grade II-III oral mucositis, prolonged neutropenia, central venous catheter (CVC) placement, or the requirement insulin therapy for hyperglycemia were associated with higher risk of bloodstream infections.
Conclusions
ALL-HR patients with G-CSF prophylaxis were associated with reduction of febrile neutropenia episodes. Occurrence of severe ileus, oral mucositis, hyperglycemia, CVC placement, or prolonged neutropenia were associated with severe infections in ALL patients receiving induction chemotherapy.
背景：描述急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）患者在诱导化疗后发生严重感染的风险因素以及预防性粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）在抗菌药物预防时代的作用的数据十分有限：本研究招募了188名年龄小于18岁的新确诊ALL患儿，他们在2010年1月1日至2021年6月30日期间接受了台湾儿科肿瘤学组ALL-2002和2013治疗。自2015年6月1日以来，患者在获得首次骨髓缓解后，如果继续出现中性粒细胞减少症，则会使用预防性G-CSF。对临床因素与严重感染的关系进行了评估：从2010年1月到2015年5月，80名儿童共发生了11次（13.5%）严重感染；而在108名接受预防性G-CSF的患者中，据报告发生了10次（9.2%）严重感染。在ALL患者预防性使用G-CSF期间，严重感染发生率的降低并没有统计学意义。与未使用 G-CSF 预防性治疗的 ALL 高危（HR）和极高危患者相比，使用 G-CSF 预防性治疗可显著减少发热性中性粒细胞减少症的发生。发生III-IV级肠回肠炎、II-III级口腔粘膜炎、中性粒细胞减少时间延长、中心静脉导管（CVC）置入或因高血糖需要胰岛素治疗与较高的血流感染风险有关：结论：ALL-HR患者接受G-CSF预防治疗可减少发热性中性粒细胞减少症的发生。在接受诱导化疗的ALL患者中，出现严重回肠炎、口腔黏膜炎、高血糖、CVC置入或中性粒细胞减少时间延长与严重感染有关。
{"title":"The clinical impact of primary granulocyte-colony stimulating factor prophylaxis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who underwent induction chemotherapy","authors":"Yi-An Lu , Hsi-Che Liu , Jen-Yin Hou , Nan-Chang Chiu , Ting-Huan Huang , Ting-Chi Yeh","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Data describing the risk factors for the occurrence of severe infections in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients following induction chemotherapy and the role of prophylactic granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the era of antimicrobials prophylaxis are limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study enrolled 188 children aged ≤18 years with newly diagnosed ALL who received Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group ALL-2002 and 2013 treatments between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2021. Prophylactic G-CSF was administered when a patient continues neutropenia after achieving the first bone marrow remission since June 1, 2015. Clinical factors were assessed for their association with severe infections.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From January 2010 to May 2015, 80 children experienced a total of 11 (13.5%) episodes of severe infections; while 10 (9.2%) episodes were reported to occur in 108 patients who received prophylactic G-CSF. Reduction of severe infections occurrence did not achieve statistical significance during prophylactic G-CSF administration in ALL patients. Compared with ALL-high risk (HR) and very high risk patients with no G-CSF prophylaxis, the use of G-CSF prophylaxis significantly reduced episodes of febrile neutropenia. Occurrence of grade III-IV intestinal ileus, grade II-III oral mucositis, prolonged neutropenia, central venous catheter (CVC) placement, or the requirement insulin therapy for hyperglycemia were associated with higher risk of bloodstream infections.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ALL-HR patients with G-CSF prophylaxis were associated with reduction of febrile neutropenia episodes. Occurrence of severe ileus, oral mucositis, hyperglycemia, CVC placement, or prolonged neutropenia were associated with severe infections in ALL patients receiving induction chemotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 6","pages":"Pages 879-886"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.007
Vanesa Garrido-Rodríguez , Ángel Bulnes-Ramos , Israel Olivas-Martínez , María del Mar Pozo-Balado , Ana Isabel Álvarez-Ríos , Félix Gutiérrez , Rebeca Izquierdo , Federico García , Juan Manuel Tiraboschi , Francisco Vera-Méndez , Joaquim Peraire , Anna Rull , Yolanda María Pacheco , CoRIS cohort
Background
Persistence of a low CD4/CD8 ratio is associated with an increased morbimortality in people living with HIV (PLWH) under effective antiretroviral therapy. We aimed to explore the immunological significance of a persistently low CD4/CD8 ratio, even despite normal CD4 levels, and assess whether these features vary from those associated to a low nadir-CD4, another well-established predictor of disease progression.
Methods
CD4-recovered PLWH were classified by CD4/CD8 ratio after three-years of ART (viral suppression, CD4≥500; R < 0.8, n = 24 and R > 1.2, n = 28). sj/β-TRECs ratio and inflammatory-related markers were quantified. PBMCs were immunophenotyped by CyTOF and functionally characterized by ELISPOT. Subjects were also reclassified depending on nadir-CD4 (N ≤ 350/N > 350).
Results
R < 0.8 showed a differential inflammatory profile compared to R > 1.2 (increased β2-microglobulin, D-dimers and IP-10 before ART). R < 0.8 presented lower baseline thymic function, being inversely correlated with post-ART inflammation. R < 0.8 at follow-up showed most alterations in CD8 subsets (increasing frequency and exhibiting a senescent phenotype [e.g., CD57+, CD95+]) and enhanced T-cell IFNγ/IL-2 secretion. However, comparing N ≤ 350 to N > 350, the main features were altered functional markers in CD4 T-cells, despite no differences in maturational subsets, together with a restricted T-cell cytokine secretion pattern.
Conclusion
Persistence of low CD4/CD8 ratio in successfully-treated PLWH, with normal CD4 counts, is associated with baseline inflammation and low thymic function, and it features post-therapy alterations specific to CD8 T-cells. Differently, subjects recovered from low nadir-CD4 in this setting feature post-therapy alterations on CD4 T-cells. Hence, different mechanisms of disease progression could underlie these biomarkers, potentially requiring different clinical approaches.
{"title":"The persistence of low CD4/CD8 ratio in chronic HIV-infection, despite ART suppression and normal CD4 levels, is associated with pre-therapy values of inflammation and thymic function","authors":"Vanesa Garrido-Rodríguez , Ángel Bulnes-Ramos , Israel Olivas-Martínez , María del Mar Pozo-Balado , Ana Isabel Álvarez-Ríos , Félix Gutiérrez , Rebeca Izquierdo , Federico García , Juan Manuel Tiraboschi , Francisco Vera-Méndez , Joaquim Peraire , Anna Rull , Yolanda María Pacheco , CoRIS cohort","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Persistence of a low CD4/CD8 ratio is associated with an increased morbimortality in people living with HIV (PLWH) under effective antiretroviral therapy. We aimed to explore the immunological significance of a persistently low CD4/CD8 ratio, even despite normal CD4 levels, and assess whether these features vary from those associated to a low nadir-CD4, another well-established predictor of disease progression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>CD4-recovered PLWH were classified by CD4/CD8 ratio after three-years of ART (viral suppression, CD4≥500; R < 0.8, n = 24 and R > 1.2, n = 28). sj/β-TRECs ratio and inflammatory-related markers were quantified. PBMCs were immunophenotyped by CyTOF and functionally characterized by ELISPOT. Subjects were also reclassified depending on nadir-CD4 (N ≤ 350/N > 350).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>R < 0.8 showed a differential inflammatory profile compared to R > 1.2 (increased β2-microglobulin, D-dimers and IP-10 before ART). R < 0.8 presented lower baseline thymic function, being inversely correlated with post-ART inflammation. R < 0.8 at follow-up showed most alterations in CD8 subsets (increasing frequency and exhibiting a senescent phenotype [e.g., CD57+, CD95+]) and enhanced T-cell IFNγ/IL-2 secretion. However, comparing N ≤ 350 to N > 350, the main features were altered functional markers in CD4 T-cells, despite no differences in maturational subsets, together with a restricted T-cell cytokine secretion pattern.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Persistence of low CD4/CD8 ratio in successfully-treated PLWH, with normal CD4 counts, is associated with baseline inflammation and low thymic function, and it features post-therapy alterations specific to CD8 T-cells. Differently, subjects recovered from low nadir-CD4 in this setting feature post-therapy alterations on CD4 T-cells. Hence, different mechanisms of disease progression could underlie these biomarkers, potentially requiring different clinical approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 6","pages":"Pages 854-867"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.011
De-Jiun Tsai , Li-Yun Hsieh , Pei-Jung Chung , Yin-Zhi Chen , Yi-Jyun Jhou , Kuo-Yun Tseng , Chia-Jui Yang , Yen-Cheng Yeh , Seng-Yi Lin , Susan Shin-Jung Lee , Ting-I Wu , Tsung-Ta Chiang , Chien-Hsuan Chou , Wei-Chieh Miu , Po-Yu Liu , Chin-Te Lu , Yuan-Ti Lee , Yu-Ling Syu , Gwo-Jong Hsu , Yee-Chun Chen , Hsiu-Jung Lo
Background
A predominate azole-resistant Candida tropicalis clade 4 genotype causing candidemia has been detected in not only Taiwan but also China, Singapore, and Australia. It can also be detected on fruit surfaces. In addition to determining distribution and drug susceptibilities of pathogenic yeasts in environments of intensive care units of 25 hospitals in Taiwan, we would also like to investigate whether the azole-resistant C. tropicalis exists in Taiwan's hospital environment.
Methods
The swabs of hospital environments were collected from August to November in 2020 and were cultured for yeasts. The yeasts were identified by rDNA sequence and the antifungal susceptibilities of those isolates were determined by the broth microdilution method.
Results
The average yeast-culture rate of hospitals was 9.4% (217/2299). Sinks had the highest yeast-positive culture rate (32.7%), followed by bedside tables (28.9%), floors (26.0%), water-dispenser buttons (23.8%), and TV controller/touch panels (19.0%). Of 262 identified isolates, Candida parapsilosis was the most common species, accounting for 22.1%, followed by Filobasidium uniguttulatum (18.3%), Candida albicans (9.5%), C. tropicalis (8.0%), Candida glabrata (Nakaseomyces glabratus) (6.9%), and 30 other species (35.1%). Of the 21 C. tropicalis isolates from 11 units in 9 hospitals, 15 diploid sequence types (DSTs) were identified. The two DST506 fluconazole-resistant ones belonged to clade 4.
Conclusion
We detected not only various pathogenic yeast species but also the predominant clade 4 genotype of azole-resistant C. tropicalis. Our findings highlight and re-emphasize the importance of regular cleaning and disinfection practices.
{"title":"Surveillance of pathogenic yeasts in hospital environments in Taiwan in 2020","authors":"De-Jiun Tsai , Li-Yun Hsieh , Pei-Jung Chung , Yin-Zhi Chen , Yi-Jyun Jhou , Kuo-Yun Tseng , Chia-Jui Yang , Yen-Cheng Yeh , Seng-Yi Lin , Susan Shin-Jung Lee , Ting-I Wu , Tsung-Ta Chiang , Chien-Hsuan Chou , Wei-Chieh Miu , Po-Yu Liu , Chin-Te Lu , Yuan-Ti Lee , Yu-Ling Syu , Gwo-Jong Hsu , Yee-Chun Chen , Hsiu-Jung Lo","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A predominate azole-resistant <em>Candida tropicalis</em> clade 4 genotype causing candidemia has been detected in not only Taiwan but also China, Singapore, and Australia. It can also be detected on fruit surfaces. In addition to determining distribution and drug susceptibilities of pathogenic yeasts in environments of intensive care units of 25 hospitals in Taiwan, we would also like to investigate whether the azole-resistant <em>C. tropicalis</em> exists in Taiwan's hospital environment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The swabs of hospital environments were collected from August to November in 2020 and were cultured for yeasts. The yeasts were identified by rDNA sequence and the antifungal susceptibilities of those isolates were determined by the broth microdilution method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average yeast-culture rate of hospitals was 9.4% (217/2299). Sinks had the highest yeast-positive culture rate (32.7%), followed by bedside tables (28.9%), floors (26.0%), water-dispenser buttons (23.8%), and TV controller/touch panels (19.0%). Of 262 identified isolates, <em>Candida parapsilosis</em> was the most common species, accounting for 22.1%, followed by <em>Filobasidium uniguttulatum</em> (18.3%), <em>Candida albicans</em> (9.5%), <em>C. tropicalis</em> (8.0%), <em>Candida glabrata</em> (<em>Nakaseomyces glabratus</em>) (6.9%), and 30 other species (35.1%). Of the 21 <em>C. tropicalis</em> isolates from 11 units in 9 hospitals, 15 diploid sequence types (DSTs) were identified. The two DST506 fluconazole-resistant ones belonged to clade 4.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We detected not only various pathogenic yeast species but also the predominant clade 4 genotype of azole-resistant <em>C</em>. <em>tropicalis</em>. Our findings highlight and re-emphasize the importance of regular cleaning and disinfection practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 6","pages":"Pages 947-956"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142207779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.013
Chih-Cheng Lai , Po-Ren Hsueh
Aspergillus is a common filamentous fungus found in various natural environments, with spores frequently inhaled by humans. While healthy individuals typically resist infection, immunocompromised individuals and those with pre-existing lung diseases are at higher risk for aspergillosis. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) often develops in individuals with conditions like tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Recent studies in Taiwan reveal a significant incidence of CPA among elderly patients with these underlying conditions. The most common clinical manifestations include cavitation, nodules, and consolidation in the lungs. Aspergillus-specific IgG antibodies have emerged as key diagnostic markers, with varying optimal cut-off values across different regions. Studies indicate a strong correlation between high IgG levels and severe CPA, alongside associations with specific radiographic features. Additionally, elevated inflammatory markers such as IL-1β and TNF-α are linked to poor outcomes, emphasizing the need for early detection and intervention. The preferred treatment regimen consists of itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole, with itraconazole and voriconazole being the most extensively documented in the context of CPA. Overall, this review underscores the importance of localized diagnostic validation and comprehensive studies to improve the understanding and treatment of CPA in Taiwan.
{"title":"Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in Taiwan: Disease burden, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes","authors":"Chih-Cheng Lai , Po-Ren Hsueh","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aspergillus</em> is a common filamentous fungus found in various natural environments, with spores frequently inhaled by humans. While healthy individuals typically resist infection, immunocompromised individuals and those with pre-existing lung diseases are at higher risk for aspergillosis. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) often develops in individuals with conditions like tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Recent studies in Taiwan reveal a significant incidence of CPA among elderly patients with these underlying conditions. The most common clinical manifestations include cavitation, nodules, and consolidation in the lungs. <em>Aspergillus</em>-specific IgG antibodies have emerged as key diagnostic markers, with varying optimal cut-off values across different regions. Studies indicate a strong correlation between high IgG levels and severe CPA, alongside associations with specific radiographic features. Additionally, elevated inflammatory markers such as IL-1β and TNF-α are linked to poor outcomes, emphasizing the need for early detection and intervention. The preferred treatment regimen consists of itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole, with itraconazole and voriconazole being the most extensively documented in the context of CPA. Overall, this review underscores the importance of localized diagnostic validation and comprehensive studies to improve the understanding and treatment of CPA in Taiwan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 6","pages":"Pages 833-839"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.010
Keng-Chin Yang , Wan-Yu Tien , Ming-Fang Cheng
Background
Antimicrobial resistance, particularly in third-generation cephalosporin–resistant (3GC-R) Escherichia coli (E. coli), poses major global health challenges and has various clinical implications. Researchers have explored the relationship between extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing E. coli and gut microbiota composition, which influence host health and disease susceptibility, in adults. In this study, we analyzed gut microbiota composition in Taiwanese children by the colonization status of 3GC-R E. coli.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included children (age, 0–6 years) from Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Fecal samples were subjected to microbiological and gut microbiome (full-length 16S rRNA sequencing) analyses. The antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli colonies isolated from the samples was tested. Furthermore, gut microbiota compositions and diversity indices were compared between 3GC-R E. coli carriers and noncarriers.
Results
Approximately 46% of all children aged <6 years carried 3GC-R E. coli. The abundances of Drancourtella, Romboutsia, and Desulfovibrio (genus level) were higher in carriers than in noncarriers. By contrast, the abundances of Odoribacteraceae (family level) and Sutterella (genus level) were higher in noncarriers than in carriers. No significant between-group difference was observed in alpha diversity. However, a significant between-group difference was noted in beta diversity (unweighted UniFrac analysis).
Conclusion
This is the first study that investigated differences in the gut microbiota between healthy 3GC-R E. coli carriers and noncarriers in children, suggesting potential mechanisms involving altered utilization of short-chain fatty acids and elevated succinate levels contributing to increased colonization of 3GC-R E. coli. The other taxa identified in this study may contribute to colonization resistance in the pediatric population.
{"title":"Gut microbiota compositions in the carriers and noncarriers of third-generation cephalosporin–resistant Escherichia coli: A study among children in southern Taiwan","authors":"Keng-Chin Yang , Wan-Yu Tien , Ming-Fang Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance, particularly in third-generation cephalosporin–resistant (3GC-R) <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>), poses major global health challenges and has various clinical implications. Researchers have explored the relationship between extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing <em>E. coli</em> and gut microbiota composition, which influence host health and disease susceptibility, in adults. In this study, we analyzed gut microbiota composition in Taiwanese children by the colonization status of 3GC-R <em>E. coli</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included children (age, 0–6 years) from Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Fecal samples were subjected to microbiological and gut microbiome (full-length 16S rRNA sequencing) analyses. The antimicrobial susceptibility of <em>E. coli</em> colonies isolated from the samples was tested. Furthermore, gut microbiota compositions and diversity indices were compared between 3GC-R <em>E. coli</em> carriers and noncarriers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Approximately 46% of all children aged <6 years carried 3GC-R <em>E. coli</em>. The abundances of <em>Drancourtella</em>, <em>Romboutsia</em>, and <em>Desulfovibrio</em> (genus level) were higher in carriers than in noncarriers. By contrast, the abundances of <em>Odoribacteraceae</em> (family level) and <em>Sutterella</em> (genus level) were higher in noncarriers than in carriers. No significant between-group difference was observed in alpha diversity. However, a significant between-group difference was noted in beta diversity (unweighted UniFrac analysis).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first study that investigated differences in the gut microbiota between healthy 3GC-R <em>E. coli</em> carriers and noncarriers in children, suggesting potential mechanisms involving altered utilization of short-chain fatty acids and elevated succinate levels contributing to increased colonization of 3GC-R <em>E. coli</em>. The other taxa identified in this study may contribute to colonization resistance in the pediatric population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 6","pages":"Pages 896-905"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142207780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 sparked the global COVID-19 pandemic, leading to varied vaccine policies worldwide. The evolving patterns of respiratory pathogens, aside from SARS-CoV-2, during the pandemic have had a significant impact on the development of vaccine strategies.
Methods
This study explores the landscape of respiratory pathogens, encompassing SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza viruses, through a retrospective analysis of data obtained from the BioFire Respiratory Panel 2.1 (RP 2.1) at China Medical University Hospital (Taichung, Taiwan) spanning from January 2020 to November 2023.
Results
Among the 7950 respiratory samples studied, pediatric cases exhibited higher positivity (64.9%, 2488/3835) and mixed detection rates (43.8%, 1090/2488) than adults. Annual mixed detection rates increased (27.9–48%). Prevalence analysis revealed diverse patterns across age groups, with higher rates in pediatrics. Notably, human rhinovirus/enterovirus predominated (48.1%). Mixed detection illustrated viral co-detections, notably with parainfluenza viruses and adenovirus. Government policies and pandemic dynamics influenced infection patterns, with RSV resurgence after May 2022. Age-specific RSV detection demonstrated a shift, influencing vaccine considerations. Amid global vaccine initiatives, RSV's increasing trend in adults warrants attention.
Conclusions
This comprehensive analysis emphasizes the importance of multiplex PCR testing in shaping targeted vaccination strategies during evolving respiratory pathogen landscapes.
{"title":"Unveiling the dynamics of respiratory infections revealed by multiplex PCR testing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan, 2020–2023","authors":"Hung-Chieh Su , Yu-Chang Chang , Chih-Hao Chen , Meng-Yu Cheng , Wen-Hsin Hsih , Yi-Jhen Chen , Chia-Huei Chou , Yu-Chao Lin , Chiung-Tzu Hsiao , Hong-Mo Shih , Mao-Wang Ho , Po-Ren Hsueh","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 sparked the global COVID-19 pandemic, leading to varied vaccine policies worldwide. The evolving patterns of respiratory pathogens, aside from SARS-CoV-2, during the pandemic have had a significant impact on the development of vaccine strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study explores the landscape of respiratory pathogens, encompassing SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and influenza viruses, through a retrospective analysis of data obtained from the BioFire Respiratory Panel 2.1 (RP 2.1) at China Medical University Hospital (Taichung, Taiwan) spanning from January 2020 to November 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 7950 respiratory samples studied, pediatric cases exhibited higher positivity (64.9%, 2488/3835) and mixed detection rates (43.8%, 1090/2488) than adults. Annual mixed detection rates increased (27.9–48%). Prevalence analysis revealed diverse patterns across age groups, with higher rates in pediatrics. Notably, human rhinovirus/enterovirus predominated (48.1%). Mixed detection illustrated viral co-detections, notably with parainfluenza viruses and adenovirus. Government policies and pandemic dynamics influenced infection patterns, with RSV resurgence after May 2022. Age-specific RSV detection demonstrated a shift, influencing vaccine considerations. Amid global vaccine initiatives, RSV's increasing trend in adults warrants attention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This comprehensive analysis emphasizes the importance of multiplex PCR testing in shaping targeted vaccination strategies during evolving respiratory pathogen landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 6","pages":"Pages 868-878"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.008
Zimin Xie, Fengxiang Xu, Rongmao Chen, Ming Liao, Manman Dai
{"title":"Emergence of a human co-infected with seasonal influenza A (H3N2) virus and avian influenza A (H10N5) virus, China, December 2023","authors":"Zimin Xie, Fengxiang Xu, Rongmao Chen, Ming Liao, Manman Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 6","pages":"Pages 966-969"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.005
Ming-Han Hsieh , Tzu-Yu Kao , Ting-Hui Hsieh , Chun-Chi Kao , Cheng-Yuan Peng , Hsueh-Chou Lai , Hsing-Hung Cheng , Mao-Wang Ho , Chih-Yu Chi , Jung-Ta Kao
Background/Purpose
There are limited studies performing paired liver biopsies in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). We aimed to investigate the predictors of liver fibrosis changes assessed by paired liver biopsies in these patients.
Methods
From March 2017 to March 2020, 113 CHC patients were prospectively enrolled to receive DAA therapy at our hospital. Paired liver biopsies were performed at baseline and 12 weeks after the end of treatment.
Results
Among the entire cohort, the rate of sustained virological response (SVR) was 100%. Four baseline variables independently predicted fibrosis regression, including age <65 years [odds ratio (OR) = 2.725, p = 0.036], fibrosis stages (METAVIR scores) < 3 (OR = 4.874, p = 0.040), hemoglobin levels ≥12.5 g/dL (OR = 3.538, p = 0.029), and platelet counts ≥160 103/μL (OR = 2.958, p = 0.023). Besides, five independent predictors of fibrosis progression included baseline age ≥66 years (OR = 16.351, p = 0.024), body mass index (BMI) ≥26.5 kg/m2 (OR = 21.666, p = 0.009), sofosbuvir/ribavirin use (OR = 29.465, p = 0.031), platelet counts <119 103/μL (OR = 33.739, p = 0.026), and the absence of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels declining from >35 U/L at baseline to ≤35 U/L at 4 weeks after baseline (OR = 284.534, p = 0.026).
Conclusion
For DAA-treated CHC patients, those with baseline age <65 years, fibrosis stages <3, hemoglobin levels ≥12.5 g/dL, or platelet counts ≥160 103/μL are more likely to attain fibrosis regression. There is a higher risk of fibrosis progression in those with baseline age ≥66 years, BMI ≥26.5 kg/m2, sofosbuvir/ribavirin use, platelet counts <119 103/μL, or the absence of early ALT normalization at 4 weeks after baseline.
{"title":"Predictors of liver fibrosis changes assessed by paired liver biopsies in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with direct-acting antivirals","authors":"Ming-Han Hsieh , Tzu-Yu Kao , Ting-Hui Hsieh , Chun-Chi Kao , Cheng-Yuan Peng , Hsueh-Chou Lai , Hsing-Hung Cheng , Mao-Wang Ho , Chih-Yu Chi , Jung-Ta Kao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Purpose</h3><div>There are limited studies performing paired liver biopsies in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). We aimed to investigate the predictors of liver fibrosis changes assessed by paired liver biopsies in these patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From March 2017 to March 2020, 113 CHC patients were prospectively enrolled to receive DAA therapy at our hospital. Paired liver biopsies were performed at baseline and 12 weeks after the end of treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the entire cohort, the rate of sustained virological response (SVR) was 100%. Four baseline variables independently predicted fibrosis regression, including age <65 years [odds ratio (OR) = 2.725, p = 0.036], fibrosis stages (METAVIR scores) < 3 (OR = 4.874, p = 0.040), hemoglobin levels ≥12.5 g/dL (OR = 3.538, p = 0.029), and platelet counts ≥160 10<sup>3</sup>/μL (OR = 2.958, p = 0.023). Besides, five independent predictors of fibrosis progression included baseline age ≥66 years (OR = 16.351, p = 0.024), body mass index (BMI) ≥26.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (OR = 21.666, p = 0.009), sofosbuvir/ribavirin use (OR = 29.465, p = 0.031), platelet counts <119 10<sup>3</sup>/μL (OR = 33.739, p = 0.026), and the absence of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels declining from >35 U/L at baseline to ≤35 U/L at 4 weeks after baseline (OR = 284.534, p = 0.026).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>For DAA-treated CHC patients, those with baseline age <65 years, fibrosis stages <3, hemoglobin levels ≥12.5 g/dL, or platelet counts ≥160 10<sup>3</sup>/μL are more likely to attain fibrosis regression. There is a higher risk of fibrosis progression in those with baseline age ≥66 years, BMI ≥26.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, sofosbuvir/ribavirin use, platelet counts <119 10<sup>3</sup>/μL, or the absence of early ALT normalization at 4 weeks after baseline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 6","pages":"Pages 840-853"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.014
Yi-An Way , Chong-Wei Huang , Wei-Chao Liao , Shiao-Wen Li , Ruei-Lin Chiang , En-Wei Hsing , Yi-Jiun Pan , Shian-Sen Shie , Yu-Chia Hsieh
Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increasing trend in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), posting a global public health concern. The heightened sensitivity of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) renders it an optimal and potent tool for monitoring outbreaks and tracing the transmission routes of nosocomial pathogens.
Method
We collected CRAB isolates from March 1, 2023, to April 6, 2023 in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Lin Kou branch, a tertiary medical center in northern Taiwan. Any two or more isolates with the same identifiable capsular K-locus (KL) types were selected, and analyzed via WGS to identify putative transmission clusters, combined with epidemiologic and retrospective analysis on medical records to confirm risk factors and hidden transmission chains.
Result
A total of 48 non-redundant CRAB isolates were collected, belonging to ST2 of Pasteur MLST scheme and identifiable KL types of KL2, KL3, KL9, KL10, KL22, KL52. Excluding the KL types that was only found in 1 case, KL2 (n = 9, 22.5 %), KL3 (n = 24, 60 %), KL9 (n = 3, 7.5 %), and KL10 (n = 4, 10 %) were selected for further WGS analysis. Four distinct transmission clusters comprised of 2, 3, 10, and 23 cases were identified on a basis of phylogenetic status. 12 probable transmission chains were revealed, and 2 hidden transmission routes can be speculated.
Conclusion
This study referred to some hidden transmission chains that may be missed from traditional surveillance measures. Despite its low prevalence and high cost currently, implementing WGS could be a efficient, prompt, and unequivocal option for future MDRO infection control.
{"title":"Sequential use of capsular typing and whole-genome sequencing-based analysis for transmission of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a tertiary medical center","authors":"Yi-An Way , Chong-Wei Huang , Wei-Chao Liao , Shiao-Wen Li , Ruei-Lin Chiang , En-Wei Hsing , Yi-Jiun Pan , Shian-Sen Shie , Yu-Chia Hsieh","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increasing trend in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) caused by carbapenem-resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (CRAB), posting a global public health concern. The heightened sensitivity of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) renders it an optimal and potent tool for monitoring outbreaks and tracing the transmission routes of nosocomial pathogens.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We collected CRAB isolates from March 1, 2023, to April 6, 2023 in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Lin Kou branch, a tertiary medical center in northern Taiwan. Any two or more isolates with the same identifiable capsular K-locus (KL) types were selected, and analyzed via WGS to identify putative transmission clusters, combined with epidemiologic and retrospective analysis on medical records to confirm risk factors and hidden transmission chains.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>A total of 48 non-redundant CRAB isolates were collected, belonging to ST2 of Pasteur MLST scheme and identifiable KL types of KL2, KL3, KL9, KL10, KL22, KL52. Excluding the KL types that was only found in 1 case, KL2 (n = 9, 22.5 %), KL3 (n = 24, 60 %), KL9 (n = 3, 7.5 %), and KL10 (n = 4, 10 %) were selected for further WGS analysis. Four distinct transmission clusters comprised of 2, 3, 10, and 23 cases were identified on a basis of phylogenetic status. 12 probable transmission chains were revealed, and 2 hidden transmission routes can be speculated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study referred to some hidden transmission chains that may be missed from traditional surveillance measures. Despite its low prevalence and high cost currently, implementing WGS could be a efficient, prompt, and unequivocal option for future MDRO infection control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 6","pages":"Pages 916-925"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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