Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection最新文献

Hha toxin regulates diverse phenotypes of uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis including virulence Hha毒素调节尿路致病性奇异变形杆菌的多种表型，包括毒力。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.016

Yueh-Jung Chao , Yuan-Ju Lee , Hsuan- Hsuan Chen , Cheng-Yen Kao , Shwu-Jen Liaw

Background

To disclose Proteus mirabilis copper detoxification mechanisms, we performed Tn5-mutagenesis and an hha gene-disrupted mutant was isolated, exhibiting increased copper sensitivity. We investigated the role of Hha in P. mirabilis, focusing on the virulence aspects.

Methods

Assays of copper susceptibility, swarming/swimming, biofilm formation, persister cell formation, killing by macrophages, adhesion, invasion, urothelial cell cytokine expression, wax moth virulence, were performed. The invertible element assay, TEM, EMSA and SDM were used to examine MR/P fimbria expression, flagellar production, Hha-flhDC promoter binding and the importance of Hha 13th amino acid cysteine (Hha C13), respectively. RT-PCR was conducted to demonstrate the tomB-hha operon. Hha-related gene expression and regulation were elucidated by RT-qPCR and transcriptional reporter assay.

Results

We showed P. mirabilis hha and tomB form an operon and TomB antagonized Hha toxicity. The Hha was involved in copper susceptibility, swimming/swarming, biofilm formation and persister cell formation. The hha mutant had lower adhesion/invasion abilities, triggered higher cytokine expression of urothelial cells and was more sensitive to macrophage killing and attenuated in wax moth. P. mirabilis Hha C13 is crucial in toxicity and Hha-TomB interaction. Deletion of hha reduced relA/rpoS expression. CpxR controlled hha promoter activity. Finally, copper was the signal to induce cpxR/hha expression.

Conclusion

We disclosed that P. mirabilis Hha of the toxin-antitoxin system (TA) participates in virulence and its regulation by copper-sensing CpxR. This work provides Hha as a potential drug target for combating P. mirabilis urinary tract infections and opens new perspectives for studying TA aiming at controlling bacterial virulence.

背景：为了揭示奇异变形杆菌的铜解毒机制，我们进行了tn5诱变，并分离出一个hha基因破坏的突变体，表现出对铜的敏感性增加。我们研究了Hha在P. mirabilis中的作用，重点是毒力方面。方法：采用铜敏感性、蜂群/游泳、生物膜形成、持久性细胞形成、巨噬细胞杀伤、粘附、侵袭、尿路上皮细胞细胞因子表达、蜡蛾毒力测定。采用可逆元件法、透射电镜（TEM）、EMSA和SDM分别检测MR/P菌毛表达、鞭毛产生、ha- flhdc启动子结合和Hha 13氨基酸半胱氨酸（Hha C13）的重要性。采用RT-PCR方法鉴定了tomB-hha操纵子。利用RT-qPCR和转录报告基因法分析ha相关基因的表达和调控。结果：我们发现神奇假单胞菌hha和古墓形成一个操纵子，古墓可拮抗hha毒性。Hha参与了铜的敏感性、游动/群集、生物膜的形成和持久性细胞的形成。hha突变体具有较低的粘附/侵袭能力，引起尿路上皮细胞细胞因子表达升高，对巨噬细胞杀伤和蜡蛾减毒更敏感。P. mirabilis Hha C13在毒性和Hha- tomb相互作用中起关键作用。hha的缺失降低了relA/rpoS的表达。CpxR控制hha启动子活性。最后，铜是诱导cpxR/hha表达的信号。结论：我们发现P. mirabilis毒素-抗毒素系统（TA）中的Hha参与了铜敏感CpxR的毒力及其调控。本研究为Hha作为抗神奇假单胞菌尿路感染的潜在药物靶点提供了依据，并为研究TA控制细菌毒力开辟了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Efficacy and safety of ten-day bismuth quadruple therapy for first-line anti-Helicobacter pylori infection in the elderly- A multicenter real-world report 10天铋四联疗法治疗老年人一线抗幽门螺杆菌感染的疗效和安全性-一项多中心真实世界报告。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.010

Kuo-Hsuan Huang , Wei-Chen Tai , Feng-Woey Tsay , Pin-I Hsu , Deng-Chyang Wu , Song-Seng Loke , Chih-Chien Yao , Seng-Kee Chuah , Chih-Ming Liang

Background

Aging may influence the effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 10-day bismuth quadruple therapy as a first-line treatment for H. pylori infection in elderly individuals.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from September 2018 to December 2021 in southern Taiwan. All patients received 10-day quadruple therapy consisting of rabeprazole 20 mg twice daily, bismuth subcitrate 120 mg four times daily, metronidazole 500 mg three times daily, and tetracycline 500 mg four times daily. Patients were categorized into two groups: an elderly group (aged ≥65) and a control group (aged <65).

Results

The study included 231 naive patients receiving 10-day quadruple therapy. The eradication rates in the elderly and control groups were 80.3 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 68.1 %–89.4 %) and 85.3 % (95 % CI: 79.1 %–90.3 %) (P = 0.364), respectively, in the intention-to-treat analysis. In the per-protocol analysis, eradication rates were 89.1 % (95 % CI: 77.8 %–95.9 %) for the elderly group and 94.8 % (95 % CI: 90.0 %–97.7 %) for the control group (P = 0.149). Adverse event rates were 34.5 % in the elderly group and 27.5 % in the control group (P = 0.322). Compliance was slightly lower in the elderly group than the control group (89.1 % vs. 95.4 %, P = 0.096).

Conclusions

The efficacy of 10-day bismuth quadruple therapy as a first-line treatment for H. pylori was comparable between elderly and non-elderly cohorts, with similar levels of adverse effects.

背景：衰老可能影响幽门螺杆菌（h.p ylori）的根除效果。本研究的目的是评估10天铋四联疗法作为老年人幽门螺杆菌感染一线治疗的有效性和安全性。方法：我们对2018年9月至2021年12月在台湾南部前瞻性收集的数据进行回顾性分析。所有患者均接受为期10天的四联治疗，包括雷贝拉唑20 mg每日2次，亚柠檬酸铋120 mg每日4次，甲硝唑500 mg每日3次，四环素500 mg每日4次。患者分为两组：老年组（≥65岁）和对照组（老年）。结果：该研究纳入了231例接受10天四联治疗的初治患者。意向治疗分析中，老年人和对照组的根除率分别为80.3%（95%可信区间[CI]: 68.1% ~ 89.4%）和85.3% (95% CI: 79.1% ~ 90.3%) （P = 0.364）。按方案分析，老年组根除率为89.1% (95% CI: 77.8% ~ 95.9%)，对照组根除率为94.8% (95% CI: 90.0% ~ 97.7%) （P = 0.149）。老年组不良事件发生率为34.5%，对照组为27.5% （P = 0.322）。老年组依从性略低于对照组（89.1%比95.4%,P = 0.096）。结论：10天铋四联疗法作为一线治疗幽门螺杆菌的疗效在老年和非老年队列中相当，不良反应水平相似。

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引用次数: 0

NADPH Oxidase 4 Deficiency Enhances Dendritic Cell-mediated IL-12 Production and Th1 Responses in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection NADPH氧化酶4缺乏增强结核分枝杆菌感染树突状细胞介导的IL-12产生和Th1反应

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.004

Seunghyun Lee , Hongmin Kim , Yura Ha , Hong-Hee Choi , Lee-Han Kim , Sangwon Choi , Kyungmin Kim , Ji-Hwan Ryu , Sung Jae Shin , Ju Mi Lee

Background

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection triggers oxidative stress, necessitating host mechanisms to maintain redox balance. The NADPH oxidase (NOX) family, which produces reactive oxygen species, plays an integral part in this process. While the protective role of NOX2 in Mtb infection is well-studied, the function of NOX4 remains unclear.

Methods

To investigate the impact of NOX4, we infected C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and NOX4-deficient (Nox4^−/−) mice with the Mtb K strain, assessing bacterial burdens, lung pathology, and immune responses. Then, we analyzed cytokine production and signaling pathways to explore the interaction between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells.

Results

Nox4^−/− mice exhibited reduced bacterial burden and milder lung pathology compared to WT mice, accompanied by increased DC infiltration and a higher frequency of CD4⁺ T cells of the Th1 subset that secrete interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the lungs. Interestingly, ex vivo experiments showed no significant difference in IFN-γ production by T cells from WT and Nox4^−/− mice when activated using antibody-coated beads. However, Mtb-infected bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) from Nox4^−/− mice markedly enhanced IFN-γ production in WT T cells. Further investigation into the role of NOX4 in DCs revealed that BMDCs from Nox4^−/− mice infected with Mtb produced significantly higher levels of IL-12. This elevation was attributed to enhanced activation of IRF1, mediated by the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway.

Conclusion

NOX4 negatively regulates IL-12 production in Mtb-infected DCs, suppressing Th1-mediated immunity. Its absence enhances Th1 responses, improves immune control of Mtb. Targeting NOX4 may improve tuberculosis outcomes by strengthening host immunity.

背景：结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）感染触发氧化应激，需要宿主机制来维持氧化还原平衡。产生活性氧的NADPH氧化酶（NOX）家族在这一过程中起着不可或缺的作用。虽然NOX2在Mtb感染中的保护作用已被充分研究，但NOX4的功能尚不清楚。方法：为了研究NOX4的影响，我们用Mtb K菌株感染C57BL/6野生型（WT）和NOX4缺陷（NOX4- /-）小鼠，评估细菌负荷、肺部病理和免疫反应。然后，我们分析了细胞因子的产生和信号通路，以探索树突状细胞（dc）和T细胞之间的相互作用。结果：与WT小鼠相比，Nox4-/-小鼠表现出更轻的细菌负担和更轻的肺部病理，同时伴有DC浸润增加和Th1亚群中分泌干扰素-γ (IFN-γ)的CD4+ T细胞频率更高。有趣的是，体外实验显示，当使用抗体包被珠活化时，WT和Nox4-/-小鼠的T细胞产生的IFN-γ没有显著差异。然而，来自Nox4-/-小鼠的mtb感染的骨髓来源dc （bmdc）显着增强了WT T细胞中IFN-γ的产生。对NOX4在dc中的作用的进一步研究表明，感染Mtb的NOX4 -/-小鼠bmdc产生的IL-12水平显著升高。这种升高归因于AKT/GSK-3β信号通路介导的IRF1激活增强。结论：NOX4负性调节mtb感染dc中IL-12的产生，抑制th1介导的免疫。它的缺失增强了Th1反应，改善了对结核分枝杆菌的免疫控制。靶向NOX4可能通过增强宿主免疫来改善结核病的预后。

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引用次数: 0

The novel pyridine-fused quinolinone PQ-L5 exhibits antibacterial effects and enhances β-lactam activity by targeting PBP2a in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 新型吡啶融合喹啉酮PQ-L5通过靶向耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌中的PBP2a，显示出抗菌作用并增强β-内酰胺活性。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.006

Wei Feng , Qian Yuan , Xiaowen Wang , Qianmei Wang , Ye Wei , Fengjun Sun

Background

Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are becoming increasingly difficult to treat because of the resistance of this pathogen to multiple drugs and its ability to form biofilms. Therefore, the development of new antimicrobial agents to combat MRSA infections is urgently needed.

Methods

We designed and synthesized a series of structurally novel pyridine-fused quinolinones via a one-pot method, and compound PQ-L5 which exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, especially MRSA strains was selected for further study. The bactericidal activity, synergistic antibacterial effect and antibiofilm activity of PQ-L5 were investigated, and then its in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anti-MRSA efficacy were evaluated.

Results

PQ-L5 displayed rapid bactericidal activity without inducing resistance even after continuous passage. The mechanistic study revealed that PQ-L5 inhibited peptidoglycan biosynthesis by binding to PBP2a, disrupting the bacterial cell wall and ultimately resulting in bacterial death. Furthermore, PQ-L5 restored the susceptibility of MRSA to β-lactam antibiotics and could inhibit the biofilm formation of different MRSA strains at sub-MIC concentrations both alone and in combination with oxacillin. In addition, PQ-L5 had low hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity in vitro, and in a mouse skin tissue infection model, PQ-L5 alone or in combination with oxacillin at a low dose reduced the MRSA load in wounds and enhanced the process of wound healing.

Conclusions

PQ-L5 might be a promising antimicrobial agent against MRSA infections and that the synergistic effect of PQ-L5 combined with β-lactams reduces the required dosages of these drugs and thus minimizes potential toxic side effects.

背景：耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）引起的感染越来越难以治疗，因为这种病原体对多种药物具有耐药性，并且能够形成生物膜。因此，迫切需要开发新的抗菌药物来对抗MRSA感染。方法：采用一锅法设计合成了一系列结构新颖的吡啶融合喹诺啉酮类化合物，并选择对革兰氏阳性菌特别是MRSA具有良好抑菌活性的化合物PQ-L5进行进一步研究。研究PQ-L5的杀菌活性、协同抑菌作用和抗生物膜活性，并评价其体外细胞毒性和体内抗mrsa效果。结果：PQ-L5连续传代后仍表现出快速的杀菌活性，且不产生耐药性。机制研究表明PQ-L5通过与PBP2a结合，破坏细菌细胞壁，最终导致细菌死亡，从而抑制肽聚糖的生物合成。此外，PQ-L5恢复了MRSA对β-内酰胺类抗生素的敏感性，并能在亚mic浓度下单独或与oxacillin联合抑制不同MRSA菌株的生物膜形成。此外，PQ-L5在体外具有较低的溶血活性和细胞毒性，在小鼠皮肤组织感染模型中，PQ-L5单独使用或与低剂量的奥西林联合使用可减少伤口中MRSA的载量，促进伤口愈合过程。结论：PQ-L5可能是一种很有前景的抗MRSA感染的抗菌药物，PQ-L5与β-内酰胺的协同作用减少了这些药物所需的剂量，从而最大限度地减少了潜在的毒副作用。

{"title":"The novel pyridine-fused quinolinone PQ-L5 exhibits antibacterial effects and enhances β-lactam activity by targeting PBP2a in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Wei Feng , Qian Yuan , Xiaowen Wang , Qianmei Wang , Ye Wei , Fengjun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Infections caused by methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) are becoming increasingly difficult to treat because of the resistance of this pathogen to multiple drugs and its ability to form biofilms. Therefore, the development of new antimicrobial agents to combat MRSA infections is urgently needed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We designed and synthesized a series of structurally novel pyridine-fused quinolinones via a one-pot method, and compound PQ-L5 which exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, especially MRSA strains was selected for further study. The bactericidal activity, synergistic antibacterial effect and antibiofilm activity of PQ-L5 were investigated, and then its <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxicity and <em>in vivo</em> anti-MRSA efficacy were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PQ-L5 displayed rapid bactericidal activity without inducing resistance even after continuous passage. The mechanistic study revealed that PQ-L5 inhibited peptidoglycan biosynthesis by binding to PBP2a, disrupting the bacterial cell wall and ultimately resulting in bacterial death. Furthermore, PQ-L5 restored the susceptibility of MRSA to β-lactam antibiotics and could inhibit the biofilm formation of different MRSA strains at sub-MIC concentrations both alone and in combination with oxacillin. In addition, PQ-L5 had low hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity <em>in vitro</em>, and in a mouse skin tissue infection model, PQ-L5 alone or in combination with oxacillin at a low dose reduced the MRSA load in wounds and enhanced the process of wound healing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PQ-L5 might be a promising antimicrobial agent against MRSA infections and that the synergistic effect of PQ-L5 combined with β-lactams reduces the required dosages of these drugs and thus minimizes potential toxic side effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 71-84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144644165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced humoral and cellular immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in people living with HIV: A real-world analysis COVID-19疫苗在艾滋病毒感染者中的体液和细胞免疫原性增强：现实世界分析

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.013

Tzu-Ping Weng , Ming-Chi Li , Po-Lin Chen , Ching-Lung Lo , Jia-Ling Wu , Wen-Chien Ko , Nan-Yao Lee

Background

Immunogenicity between mRNA and protein subunit coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH) remained limited. We aimed to investigate the immunogenicity after different types of COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH and non-HIV individuals.

Materials and methods

The prospective observational study encompassed PLWH and non-HIV adults after primary-booster vaccinations. Humoral immunogenicity was evaluated by serum anti-spike-protein antibody (S-Ab) titer and neutralizing antibody (Nu-Ab) activity by surrogate virus neutralization assay, while cellular immunogenicity of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) reactivity by Covi-FERON ELISA assay. The linear mixed-effects model was used for controlling confounding variables.

Results

Overall 188 PLWH and 192 non-HIV participants were enrolled. The S-Ab titers were significantly lower in PLWH than non-HIV participants after controlling for confounders (P = 0.01). In PLWH, booster with an mRNA vaccine elicited higher S-Ab titers (8,709 U/mL vs. 3,690 U/mL, P = 0.049) and a greater likelihood of Nu-Ab activity (57 % vs. 32 %, P = 0.03) than a protein subunit vaccine. Homologous mRNA/mRNA/mRNA strategy produced higher S-Ab titers (15,490 U/mL vs. 7,415 U/mL, P < 0.01) and positive Nu-Ab activity (71 % vs. 49 %, P = 0.02) than heterologous ChAdO × 1-ChAdO × 1-mRNA regimens. Cellular immunity was comparable between PLWH and non-HIV individuals, though PLWH with CD4 counts ≥200 cells/μL were more likely to exhibit reactive IFN-γ responses (99 % vs. 83 %, P = 0.04).

Conclusion

Primary-booster mRNA vaccination elicited stronger humoral responses than heterologous regimens in PLWH. However, additional booster vaccines may be necessary for PLWH with low CD4 counts and diminished cellular immunity despite vaccination. These findings highlight the importance of tailored vaccination strategies for the immunocompromised population.

背景：mRNA和蛋白亚单位冠状病毒病2019 （COVID-19）疫苗在HIV感染者（PLWH）中的免疫原性仍然有限。我们的目的是研究不同类型COVID-19疫苗在PLWH和非hiv个体中的免疫原性。材料和方法：前瞻性观察性研究包括初级加强疫苗接种后的PLWH和非hiv成年人。采用替代病毒中和法测定血清抗尖峰蛋白抗体（S-Ab）滴度和中和抗体（Nu-Ab）活性，采用Covi-FERON ELISA法测定细胞免疫原性干扰素γ (IFN-γ)反应性。采用线性混合效应模型控制混杂变量。结果：共有188名PLWH和192名非hiv参与者入组。在控制混杂因素后，PLWH的S-Ab滴度显著低于非hiv参与者（P = 0.01）。在PLWH中，mRNA疫苗增强剂比蛋白亚单位疫苗激发更高的S-Ab滴度（8,709 U/mL vs. 3,690 U/mL, P = 0.049）和更高的Nu-Ab活性可能性（57% vs. 32%, P = 0.03）。同源mRNA/mRNA/mRNA策略产生更高的S-Ab滴度（15,490 U/mL vs. 7,415 U/mL， P）。结论：初级增强mRNA疫苗接种在PLWH中比异种方案引起更强的体液应答。然而，对于CD4计数低和细胞免疫力下降的PLWH，尽管接种了疫苗，但可能需要额外的加强疫苗。这些发现强调了为免疫功能低下人群量身定制疫苗接种策略的重要性。

{"title":"Enhanced humoral and cellular immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in people living with HIV: A real-world analysis","authors":"Tzu-Ping Weng , Ming-Chi Li , Po-Lin Chen , Ching-Lung Lo , Jia-Ling Wu , Wen-Chien Ko , Nan-Yao Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Immunogenicity between mRNA and protein subunit coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH) remained limited. We aimed to investigate the immunogenicity after different types of COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH and non-HIV individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The prospective observational study encompassed PLWH and non-HIV adults after primary-booster vaccinations. Humoral immunogenicity was evaluated by serum anti-spike-protein antibody (S-Ab) titer and neutralizing antibody (Nu-Ab) activity by surrogate virus neutralization assay, while cellular immunogenicity of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) reactivity by Covi-FERON ELISA assay. The linear mixed-effects model was used for controlling confounding variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall 188 PLWH and 192 non-HIV participants were enrolled. The S-Ab titers were significantly lower in PLWH than non-HIV participants after controlling for confounders (P = 0.01). In PLWH, booster with an mRNA vaccine elicited higher S-Ab titers (8,709 U/mL vs. 3,690 U/mL, P = 0.049) and a greater likelihood of Nu-Ab activity (57 % vs. 32 %, P = 0.03) than a protein subunit vaccine. Homologous mRNA/mRNA/mRNA strategy produced higher S-Ab titers (15,490 U/mL vs. 7,415 U/mL, P < 0.01) and positive Nu-Ab activity (71 % vs. 49 %, P = 0.02) than heterologous ChAdO × 1-ChAdO × 1-mRNA regimens. Cellular immunity was comparable between PLWH and non-HIV individuals, though PLWH with CD4 counts ≥200 cells/μL were more likely to exhibit reactive IFN-γ responses (99 % vs. 83 %, P = 0.04).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Primary-booster mRNA vaccination elicited stronger humoral responses than heterologous regimens in PLWH. However, additional booster vaccines may be necessary for PLWH with low CD4 counts and diminished cellular immunity despite vaccination. These findings highlight the importance of tailored vaccination strategies for the immunocompromised population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 28-34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emergence of terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton indotineae dermatophytosis in a familial cluster in Taiwan: Successful management with prolonged oral itraconazole 台湾一家族性聚集性特比萘芬耐药的吲哚毛癣菌皮肤癣的出现：长期口服伊曲康唑的成功管理。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.003

Han-Tang Wang , Meng-Ling Li , Wan-Lin Wu , Chi-Jung Wu , Wei-Ting Liu

引用次数: 0

First documented case of primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis in Taiwan 台湾第一例原发性皮肤球孢子菌病。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.009

Chih-Wei Liang , Kun-Mu Lee , Ming-Tzu Wu , Ya-Ting Chang , Yi-Ting Tseng , Shang-Yi Lin

引用次数: 0

Clinical and genomic insights into Acinetobacter parvus: A rare pathogen with low antibiotic resistance and potential clinical implications 小不动杆菌的临床和基因组研究：一种罕见的病原体，具有低抗生素耐药性和潜在的临床意义。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.010

Qin Tang , Daili Zhou , Fei Yan , Lu Lin , Juan Fang , Xingchen Bao

Research background

Traditionally seen as an environmental bacterium, Acinetobacter parvus has rarely been studied in clinical settings. Its role in human infections remains unclear, particularly in vulnerable populations. This study explores its biological traits, antibiotic resistance, and genomic features through the first systematic analysis of strain ZDL0830, isolated from an immunocompromised patient with an abscess.

Research methods

The strain was identified using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA sequencing. Its growth characteristics, Gram staining, and biochemical properties were analyzed with API 20NE and VITEK 2. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested across multiple drug classes using disk diffusion, Etest, and AutoMic i600. Whole-genome sequencing provided insights into its genetic makeup, with resistance and virulence genes identified through the CARD and VFDB databases. Phylogenetic relationships were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing and ANI/DDH analysis.

Key findings

The strain exhibited slow growth (visible colonies after 72 h) and limited metabolic activity but shared core pathways with other Acinetobacter species. It was susceptible to β-lactams (e.g., cefoperazone/sulbactam, meropenem) and aminoglycosides (amikacin), but resistant to ciprofloxacin and intermediately resistant to levofloxacin. Genomic analysis revealed only one resistance gene (APH_3-VIa) and virulence factors associated with biofilm formation (lpxC, bfmR) and motility (pilT, gspE1).

Conclusion

This study sheds light on the clinical potential of Acinetobacter parvus, particularly in immunocompromised patients. While its low resistance profile allows for effective treatment, its ability to cause infections warrants further attention.

研究背景：小不动杆菌传统上被认为是一种环境细菌，很少在临床环境中进行研究。它在人类感染中的作用仍不清楚，特别是在脆弱人群中。本研究通过首次系统分析菌株ZDL0830的生物学特性、抗生素耐药性和基因组特征，该菌株分离自一名免疫功能低下的脓肿患者。研究方法：采用MALDI-TOF MS和16S rRNA测序对菌株进行鉴定。用API 20NE和VITEK 2分析其生长特性、革兰氏染色及生化特性。使用磁盘扩散、Etest和AutoMic i600测试多种药物类别的抗生素敏感性。全基因组测序提供了对其基因组成的深入了解，通过CARD和VFDB数据库确定了抗性和毒力基因。采用16S rRNA测序和ANI/DDH分析评估系统发育关系。主要发现：该菌株生长缓慢（72h后可见菌落），代谢活性有限，但与其他不动杆菌物种共享核心途径。对β-内酰胺类药物（如头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、美罗培南）和氨基糖苷类药物（阿米卡星）敏感，但对环丙沙星耐药，对左氧氟沙星中等耐药。基因组分析显示只有一个抗性基因（APH_3-VIa）和与生物膜形成（lpxC, bfmR）和运动性（pilT, gspE1）相关的毒力因子。结论：这项研究揭示了小不动杆菌的临床潜力，特别是在免疫功能低下的患者中。虽然它的低耐药性使有效治疗成为可能，但它引起感染的能力值得进一步关注。

{"title":"Clinical and genomic insights into Acinetobacter parvus: A rare pathogen with low antibiotic resistance and potential clinical implications","authors":"Qin Tang , Daili Zhou , Fei Yan , Lu Lin , Juan Fang , Xingchen Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Research background</h3><div>Traditionally seen as an environmental bacterium, <em>Acinetobacter parvus</em> has rarely been studied in clinical settings. Its role in human infections remains unclear, particularly in vulnerable populations. This study explores its biological traits, antibiotic resistance, and genomic features through the first systematic analysis of strain ZDL0830, isolated from an immunocompromised patient with an abscess.</div></div><div><h3>Research methods</h3><div>The strain was identified using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA sequencing. Its growth characteristics, Gram staining, and biochemical properties were analyzed with API 20NE and VITEK 2. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested across multiple drug classes using disk diffusion, Etest, and AutoMic i600. Whole-genome sequencing provided insights into its genetic makeup, with resistance and virulence genes identified through the CARD and VFDB databases. Phylogenetic relationships were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing and ANI/DDH analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Key findings</h3><div>The strain exhibited slow growth (visible colonies after 72 h) and limited metabolic activity but shared core pathways with other Acinetobacter species. It was susceptible to β-lactams (e.g., cefoperazone/sulbactam, meropenem) and aminoglycosides (amikacin), but resistant to ciprofloxacin and intermediately resistant to levofloxacin. Genomic analysis revealed only one resistance gene (APH_3-VIa) and virulence factors associated with biofilm formation (lpxC, bfmR) and motility (pilT, gspE1).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study sheds light on the clinical potential of <em>Acinetobacter parvus</em>, particularly in immunocompromised patients. While its low resistance profile allows for effective treatment, its ability to cause infections warrants further attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 98-106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Levofloxacin is as effective as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of pertussis: A prospective observational study 左氧氟沙星与甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑治疗百日咳同样有效：一项前瞻性观察研究。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.023

Chuning Wang , Jingjing Li , Hailing Chang , He Tian , Jiehao Cai , Mingliang Chen , Zhongqiu Wei , Mei Zeng

Purpose

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral levofloxacin verse trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for the treatment of macrolides-resistant pertussis in pediatric outpatients.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted at a pediatric pertussis outpatient clinic during the pertussis outbreak in 2024. For eligible children with PCR-confirmed pertussis, administration of either levofloxacin (8–10 mg/kg/dose, once or twice daily) or TMP-SMX (4–20 mg/kg/dose, twice daily) depended on parents’ preference. Effectiveness and safety were evaluated for the 5–14 days duration of levofloxacin and TMP-SMX treatment in terms of alleviation of cough symptoms, bacteriologic clearance of Bordetella pertussis and adverse effects.

Results

Among 193 enrolled pertussis cases, eighty-four (43.53 %) received levofloxacin and 109 (56.48 %) received TMP-SMX. After completing treatment, paroxysmal cough resolved or improved in 96.43 % of levofloxacin group and 94.50 % (103/109) of TMP-SMX group (p = 0.554). Nocturnal cough resolved or improved in 98.81 % of levofloxacin group and in 98.17 % of TMP-SMX group (p = 0.057). There was no significant difference in bacteriologic clearance rate between levofloxacin group and TMP-SMX group determined by PCR (92.00 % vs 87.06 %, p = 0.378) and culture (100 % vs 100 %, p > 0.378). Symptom resolution rate did not differ significantly among patients treated for 5 or 7 days with either levofloxacin or TMP-SMX. Adverse events were reported in 9.2 % of TMP-SMX-treated patients and 2.4 % of levofloxacin-treated patients (p < 0.05). Drug rash was reported in nine (8.26 %) TMP-SMX-treated patients.

Conclusions

Oral levofloxacin showed a comparable clinical effectiveness and a favorable safety profile to TMP-SMX for the treatment of non-severe pertussis with a 5–7 days course in children.

目的：评价口服左氧氟沙星与甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑（TMP-SMX）治疗儿科门诊大环内酯耐药百日咳的有效性和安全性。方法：在2024年百日咳爆发期间在儿科百日咳门诊进行前瞻性观察研究。对于经pcr证实的符合条件的百日咳患儿，根据家长的喜好，给予左氧氟沙星（8- 10mg /kg/剂，每日1次或2次）或TMP-SMX （4- 20mg /kg/剂，每日2次）。从缓解咳嗽症状、百日咳杆菌的细菌清除率和不良反应方面评估左氧氟沙星和TMP-SMX治疗5-14天的有效性和安全性。结果：193例百日咳患者中，84例（43.53%）接受左氧氟沙星治疗，109例（56.48%）接受TMP-SMX治疗。治疗结束后，左氧氟沙星组止咳率为96.43%，TMP-SMX组止咳率为94.50% (103/109)（p = 0.554）。左氧氟沙星组和TMP-SMX组夜间咳嗽缓解或改善率分别为98.81%和98.17% （p = 0.057）。PCR检测左氧氟沙星组与TMP-SMX组的细菌清除率（92.00 % vs 87.06%, p = 0.378）和培养组（100% vs 100%, p = 0.378）差异无统计学意义。在左氧氟沙星或TMP-SMX治疗5天或7天的患者中，症状缓解率无显著差异。结果表明：口服左氧氟沙星治疗儿童非重度百日咳的临床疗效和安全性与TMP-SMX相当，疗程为5-7天。

{"title":"Levofloxacin is as effective as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of pertussis: A prospective observational study","authors":"Chuning Wang , Jingjing Li , Hailing Chang , He Tian , Jiehao Cai , Mingliang Chen , Zhongqiu Wei , Mei Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral levofloxacin verse trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for the treatment of macrolides-resistant pertussis in pediatric outpatients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective observational study was conducted at a pediatric pertussis outpatient clinic during the pertussis outbreak in 2024. For eligible children with PCR-confirmed pertussis, administration of either levofloxacin (8–10 mg/kg/dose, once or twice daily) or TMP-SMX (4–20 mg/kg/dose, twice daily) depended on parents’ preference. Effectiveness and safety were evaluated for the 5–14 days duration of levofloxacin and TMP-SMX treatment in terms of alleviation of cough symptoms, bacteriologic clearance of <em>Bordetella pertussis</em> and adverse effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 193 enrolled pertussis cases, eighty-four (43.53 %) received levofloxacin and 109 (56.48 %) received TMP-SMX. After completing treatment, paroxysmal cough resolved or improved in 96.43 % of levofloxacin group and 94.50 % (103/109) of TMP-SMX group (<em>p</em> = 0.554). Nocturnal cough resolved or improved in 98.81 % of levofloxacin group and in 98.17 % of TMP-SMX group (<em>p</em> = 0.057). There was no significant difference in bacteriologic clearance rate between levofloxacin group and TMP-SMX group determined by PCR (92.00 % vs 87.06 %, <em>p</em> = 0.378) and culture (100 % vs 100 %, <em>p ></em> 0.378). Symptom resolution rate did not differ significantly among patients treated for 5 or 7 days with either levofloxacin or TMP-SMX. Adverse events were reported in 9.2 % of TMP-SMX-treated patients and 2.4 % of levofloxacin-treated patients (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Drug rash was reported in nine (8.26 %) TMP-SMX-treated patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Oral levofloxacin showed a comparable clinical effectiveness and a favorable safety profile to TMP-SMX for the treatment of non-severe pertussis with a 5–7 days course in children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"59 1","pages":"Pages 117-123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Taiwan guideline for the diagnosis and management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Consensus statement of the Taiwan Academy of Pediatric Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 台湾青少年特发性关节炎诊断与治疗指南：台湾儿科过敏、哮喘与免疫学会共识声明。

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2025.05.011

Hai-Lun Sun , Yu-Hsuan Kao , Hsin-Hui Yu , Li-Chieh Wang , Chao-Yi Wu , Tsung-Chieh Yao , for the Committee of the Taiwan Academy of Pediatric Allergy, Asthma and Immunology

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is one of the most common types of arthritis to affect children, with onset occurring under the age of 16. Primarily characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovium, JIA is actually a heterogenous disease, comprising several subtypes. It is therefore important to accurately identify the disease subtype, and subsequently prescribe treatments that can target the corresponding disease mechanisms. Regular monitoring during and after treatment is also necessary to mitigate related risks and adverse effects. In Taiwan, epidemiological research has shown that enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) is the predominant JIA subtype (38.6% of all cases), which differs from the epidemiological features in other countries. The Taiwan Academy of Pediatric Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (TAPAAI) therefore developed this guideline with these epidemiological characteristics in mind, and further draws upon the latest clinical evidence regarding JIA diagnosis, monitoring, and newly approved treatments, as well as recently published JIA guidelines from the United States and Germany. It is hoped that this guideline can serve as a practical and up-to-date reference for healthcare professionals, and support daily clinical practice for the enhancement of patient outcomes.

青少年特发性关节炎（JIA）是儿童最常见的关节炎类型之一，发病年龄在16岁以下。JIA主要以滑膜慢性炎症为特征，实际上是一种异质性疾病，包括几个亚型。因此，重要的是准确识别疾病亚型，并随后开出针对相应疾病机制的治疗方案。治疗期间和治疗后的定期监测也是必要的，以减轻相关风险和不良反应。在台湾，流行病学研究表明，关节炎相关性关节炎（ERA）是JIA的主要亚型（占所有病例的38.6%），这与其他国家的流行病学特征不同。因此，考虑到这些流行病学特征，台湾儿科过敏、哮喘和免疫学会（TAPAAI）制定了本指南，并进一步借鉴了有关JIA诊断、监测和新批准治疗的最新临床证据，以及美国和德国最近发布的JIA指南。希望本指南可以作为医疗保健专业人员的实用和最新参考，并支持日常临床实践，以提高患者的预后。

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引用次数: 0