Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection最新文献_第4页

Bacterial profile, and independent predictors for healthcare-associated pneumonia persistently caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria for patients with the preceding multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pneumonia in Taiwan 台湾曾患耐多药革兰氏阴性菌肺炎的患者的细菌概况，以及耐多药革兰氏阴性菌持续引发医护人员相关肺炎的独立预测因素。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.009

Li-Kuo Kuo , Hou-Tai Chang , Shun-Chung Hsueh , I-Min Liu , Po-Chuen Hsieh , Shio-Shin Jean

Objectives

To understand the microbial profile and investigate the independent predictors for healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) pertinaciously caused by isolates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB).

Methods

Multicenter ICU patients who received appropriate antibiotic treatments for preceding pneumonia due to MDR GNB isolates and subsequently developed HCAP caused by either MDR GNB (n = 126) or non-MDR GNB (n = 40) isolates in Taiwan between 2018 and 2023 were enrolled. Between the groups of patients with HCAP due to MDR GNB and non-MDR GNB, the proportions of the following variables, including demographic characteristics, important co-morbidities, nursing home residence, physiological severity, intervals between two hospitalizations, steroid use, the tracheostomy tube use alone, ventilator support, and the predominant GNB species involving HCAP, were analyzed using the chi-square test. Logistic regression was employed to explore the independent predictors for HCAP persistently caused by MDR GNB in the aforementioned variables with a P-value of <0.15 in the univariate analysis.

Results

MDR-Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii complex were the three predominant species causing HCAP. Chronic structural lung disorders, diabetes mellitus, intervals of ≤30 days between two hospitalizations, use of the tracheostomy tube alone, and prior pneumonia caused by MDR A. baumannii complex were shown to independently predict the HCAP tenaciously caused by MDR GNB. Conversely, the preceding pneumonia caused by MDR P. aeruginosa was a negative predictor.

Conclusion

Identifying predictors for HCAP persistently caused by MDR GNB is crucial for prescribing appropriate antibiotics.

目的了解耐多药（MDR）革兰氏阴性菌（GNB）分离株引起的医护相关性肺炎（HCAP）的微生物概况，并研究其独立预测因素：方法：对2018年至2023年期间在台湾因MDR GNB分离菌引起肺炎而接受适当抗生素治疗，随后又因MDR GNB（126例）或非MDR GNB（40例）分离菌引起HCAP的多中心ICU患者进行了登记。在由 MDR GNB 和非 MDR GNB 引起的 HCAP 患者组之间，采用卡方检验分析了以下变量的比例，包括人口统计学特征、重要并发症、疗养院居住地、生理严重程度、两次住院间隔时间、类固醇使用情况、单独使用气管插管情况、呼吸机支持情况以及涉及 HCAP 的主要 GNB 菌种。采用逻辑回归法探讨上述变量中 MDR GNB 持续引起 HCAP 的独立预测因素，P 值为结果：MDR-肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌复合菌是引起 HCAP 的三种主要菌种。慢性肺部结构性疾病、糖尿病、两次住院间隔时间少于 30 天、单独使用气管造口管以及之前由 MDR 鲍曼不动杆菌复合菌引起的肺炎均可独立预测由 MDR GNB 引起的顽固性 HCAP。相反，之前由 MDR 铜绿假单胞菌引起的肺炎则是一个负面预测因素：结论：确定 MDR GNB 引起的持续 HCAP 的预测因子对于开具适当的抗生素处方至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Human Strongyloides stercoralis infection 人类盘尾丝虫感染

IF 7.4 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.010

Ruibing Yang, Meiyining Xu, Lichao zhang, Yao Liao, Yuheng Liu, Xiaoyan Deng, Lifu Wang

is an important soil-transmitted helminth occurring world-wide and affecting 30–100 million people. Because many cases are asymptomatic and sensitive diagnostic methods are lacking, infection is frequently underdiagnosed. The increasing incidence of autoimmune and wasting diseases and increased use of immunosuppressive agents, as well as the increased use of immunosuppressants and cytotoxic drugs, have increased infection and their mortality. This review provides information about epidemiology, life cycle, aetiology, pathology, comorbidities, immunology, vaccines, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, control and makes some recommendations for future prevention and control of this important parasite.

是一种重要的土壤传播蠕虫，发生在世界各地，影响 3 000 万至 1 亿人。由于许多病例无症状，且缺乏敏感的诊断方法，感染常常被漏诊。随着自身免疫性疾病和消耗性疾病发病率的增加，以及免疫抑制剂和细胞毒性药物使用量的增加，感染及其死亡率也随之上升。这篇综述提供了有关流行病学、生命周期、病因学、病理学、合并症、免疫学、疫苗、诊断、治疗、预防、控制等方面的信息，并对这一重要寄生虫的未来预防和控制提出了一些建议。

引用次数: 0

Validation of a modified enrichment broth for efficient screening of group B Streptococcus in pregnant women. 验证改良富集肉汤，以有效筛查孕妇体内的 B 群链球菌。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.015

Daiki Tanno, Kyoichi Saito, Yasuaki Tomii, Yukari Nakatsuka, Kohei Uechi, Kazutaka Ohashi, Yukio Yamadera, Atsuko Hata, Masahiro Toyokawa, Hiroki Shimura

We validated a modified enrichment broth that changes its color when group B Streptococcus (GBS) grows. No GBS was detected in any of the non-yellow samples. Thus, the non-yellow samples were considered GBS-negative without conducting further examinations, potentially reducing medical costs and workload.

我们验证了一种改良的富集肉汤，当 B 群链球菌（GBS）生长时，肉汤会变色。在非黄色样本中均未检测到 GBS。因此，非黄色样本被认为是 GBS 阴性样本，无需进行进一步检查，从而降低了医疗成本和工作量。

引用次数: 0

RAGE participates in the intracellular transport of Campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin RAGE 参与空肠弯曲杆菌细胞致死膨胀毒素的细胞内转运。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.007

Yu-Fang Chang , Yi-Ping Huang , Chia-Huei Chou , Mao-Wang Ho , Hwai-Jeng Lin , Chun-Ya Chen , Hui-Yu Wu , Yi-Ru Lai , Yuan-Haw Lee , Cheng-Hsun Chiu , Chih-Ho Lai

Background

Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) belongs to the genotoxin family and is closely related to Campylobacter jejuni-associated gastroenteritis. We recently reported that CDT triggers the danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signaling to exert deleterious effects on host cells. However, how CDT traffics in cells and the mechanism of CDT intoxication remain to be elucidated.

Methods

Recombinant CDT subunits (CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC) were purified, and their activity was characterized in gastrointestinal cells. Molecular approaches and image tracking were employed to analyze the delivery of CDT in host cells.

Results

In this study, we found that CDT interacts with the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) to enter the cells. Our results further showed that CdtB transport in cells through the dynamin-dependent endocytic pathway and lysosome is involved in this process. Conversely, blockage of RAGE signaling resulted in a reduction in CDT-arrested cell cycles, indicating that RAGE is involved in CDT intracellular transport and its subsequent pathogenesis.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that RAGE is important for CDT trafficking in the cells. These findings expand our understanding of important issues related to host cell intoxication by C. jejuni CDT.

背景：细胞致死膨胀毒素（CDT）属于基因毒素家族，与空肠弯曲菌相关性胃肠炎密切相关。我们最近报道了 CDT 触发危险相关分子模式（DAMP）信号转导，对宿主细胞产生有害影响。然而，CDT如何在细胞内迁移以及CDT中毒的机制仍有待阐明：方法：纯化重组 CDT 亚基（CdtA、CdtB 和 CdtC）并鉴定其在胃肠道细胞中的活性。我们采用分子方法和图像追踪技术分析了 CDT 在宿主细胞中的传递情况：结果：在这项研究中，我们发现 CDT 与高级糖化终产物受体（RAGE）和高迁移率基团框 1（HMGB1）相互作用，从而进入细胞。我们的研究结果进一步表明，CdtB 在细胞内的转运是通过依赖 dynamin 的内细胞途径进行的，溶酶体参与了这一过程。相反，阻断 RAGE 信号传导会导致 CDT 停滞细胞周期的减少，这表明 RAGE 参与了 CDT 的胞内转运及其随后的发病机制：我们的研究结果表明，RAGE 对 CDT 在细胞内的转运具有重要作用。结论：我们的研究结果表明，RAGE 对 CDT 在细胞内的转运具有重要作用。这些发现拓展了我们对空肠病菌 CDT 致宿主细胞中毒相关重要问题的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with candidemia during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from experience in the Omicron era COVID-19 大流行期间念珠菌血症患者的临床特征和预后：从 Omicron 时代的经验中获得的启示。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.014

Geng-Lou Lin , Po-Hsun Chang , Ing-Kit Lee , Yi-Chun Chen , Chen-Hsiang Lee

Background

In Taiwan, COVID-19 outbreaks caused by the Omicron variant occurred in 2022. We investigated the incidence of candidemia during COVID-19 pandemic and the mortality of candidemia patients with COVID-19 in Taiwan.

Methods

The incidence of candidemia and fluconazole susceptibility of Candida species before (2015–2019) and during COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2023) at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were investigated. The associated factors with mortality in candidemia patients during COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed. Candidemia patients who had COVID-19 within the prior 90 days (case group, n = 34) were propensity-score matched for age, ICU admission, and abdominal surgery in a 1:4 ratio with candidemia patients without COVID-19 (control group, n = 136).

Results

Age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.03), ICU stay (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.29–2.62), higher Charlson comorbidity index (AOR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03–1.13), corticosteroid use (AOR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.04–2.17) were associated with increased risk of mortality; abdominal surgery (AOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29–0.74) and infected by Candida parapsilosis (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.38–0.98) were associated with decreased risk of mortality. After matching, there was no significant difference in mortality rates between the case and control groups. The incidence of candidemia increased from 196 to 278 patients/100,000 admissions during COVID-19 pandemic, while the causative species of candidemia and fluconazole susceptibility rates were similar.

Conclusion

While the incidence of candidemia increased during COVID-19 pandemic, there was no significant difference in mortality between candidemia patients with and without COVID-19 in the Omicron era.

背景：台湾在2022年爆发了由Omicron变种引起的COVID-19。我们调查了台湾 COVID-19 大流行期间念珠菌血症的发病率以及 COVID-19 念珠菌血症患者的死亡率：方法：调查了高雄长庚纪念医院在 COVID-19 大流行之前（2015-2019 年）和期间（2020-2023 年）念珠菌血症的发病率以及念珠菌对氟康唑的敏感性。分析了COVID-19大流行期间念珠菌病患死亡率的相关因素。将在 90 天内感染过 COVID-19 的念珠菌病患者（病例组，n = 34）与未感染过 COVID-19 的念珠菌病患者（对照组，n = 136）按 1:4 的比例在年龄、入住 ICU 和腹部手术方面进行倾向得分匹配：结果：年龄（调整赔率[AOR] = 1.02，95% CI：1.01-1.03）、入住 ICU（AOR = 1.84，95% CI：1.29-2.62）、较高的 Charlson 合并症指数（AOR = 1.08，95% CI：1.03-1.13）、使用皮质类固醇（AOR = 1.50，95% CI：1.04-2.17）与念珠菌病风险增加相关。腹部手术（AOR = 0.47，95% CI：0.29-0.74）和副丝状念珠菌感染（AOR = 0.61，95% CI：0.38-0.98）与死亡风险增加有关。匹配后，病例组和对照组的死亡率无明显差异。在COVID-19大流行期间，念珠菌血症的发病率从196例/10万住院患者上升到278例/10万住院患者，而念珠菌血症的致病菌种类和氟康唑敏感率却相似：结论：虽然在 COVID-19 大流行期间，念珠菌血症的发病率有所上升，但在 Omicron 时代，感染 COVID-19 和未感染 COVID-19 的念珠菌血症患者的死亡率并无明显差异。

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引用次数: 0

Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in Taiwan: Disease burden, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes 台湾的慢性肺曲霉菌病：疾病负担、诊断、治疗和结果

IF 7.4 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.013

Chih-Cheng Lai, Po-Ren Hsueh

is a common filamentous fungus found in various natural environments, with spores frequently inhaled by humans. While healthy individuals typically resist infection, immunocompromised individuals and those with pre-existing lung diseases are at higher risk for aspergillosis. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) often develops in individuals with conditions like tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Recent studies in Taiwan reveal a significant incidence of CPA among elderly patients with these underlying conditions. The most common clinical manifestations include cavitation, nodules, and consolidation in the lungs. -specific IgG antibodies have emerged as key diagnostic markers, with varying optimal cut-off values across different regions. Studies indicate a strong correlation between high IgG levels and severe CPA, alongside associations with specific radiographic features. Additionally, elevated inflammatory markers such as IL-1β and TNF-α are linked to poor outcomes, emphasizing the need for early detection and intervention. The preferred treatment regimen consists of itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole, with itraconazole and voriconazole being the most extensively documented in the context of CPA. Overall, this review underscores the importance of localized diagnostic validation and comprehensive studies to improve the understanding and treatment of CPA in Taiwan.

是一种常见的丝状真菌，存在于各种自然环境中，人类经常吸入其孢子。健康人通常具有抗感染能力，但免疫力低下者和原有肺部疾病患者患曲霉菌病的风险较高。患有肺结核和慢性阻塞性肺病等疾病的人通常会患上慢性肺曲霉菌病（CPA）。最近在台湾进行的研究显示，在患有这些基础疾病的老年患者中，慢性肺曲霉菌病的发病率很高。最常见的临床表现包括肺部空洞、结节和合并症。-特异性 IgG 抗体已成为关键的诊断标志物，不同地区的最佳临界值各不相同。研究表明，高 IgG 水平与严重的 CPA 之间存在很强的相关性，同时还与特定的放射学特征有关。此外，IL-1β和TNF-α等炎症标志物的升高与不良预后有关，这强调了早期检测和干预的必要性。首选的治疗方案包括伊曲康唑、伏立康唑、泊沙康唑和异武康唑，其中伊曲康唑和伏立康唑在 CPA 中的应用最为广泛。总之，本综述强调了本地化诊断验证和综合研究对于提高台湾对 CPA 的认识和治疗的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Higher hepatitis B core-specific T cell response is associated with a lower risk of clinical relapse after discontinuation of oral antiviral treatment 较高的乙型肝炎核心特异性 T 细胞应答与较低的停用口服抗病毒治疗后临床复发风险有关

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.012

Tai-Chung Tseng , Huei-Ru Cheng , Tung-Hung Su , Ping-Hung Lin , Chih-Chiang Wang , Hung-Chih Yang , Cheng-Shiue Tsai , Chun-Jen Liu , Pei-Jer Chen , Jia-Horng Kao

Background

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T cell response is a major host immune response to control the virus. However, it is still unclear how it affects long-term outcomes of chronic hepatitis B patients, especially those who stop nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy. We aimed to explore whether the HBV-specific T cell response at the end of treatment (EOT) was associated with clinical outcomes.

Methods

In a prospective cohort study, 51 HBeAg-negative patients who discontinued NA therapy were enrolled.

Results

In a mean follow-up of 25.3 months, 25 patients developed clinical relapse. We found that a stronger hepatitis B core (HBc)-specific T cell response at EOT was associated with a lower risk of clinical relapse. Compared to the low-response group, the high-response group had a lower risk of clinical relapse with hazard ratio of 0.21 (95% CI: 0.05–0.88). The high HBc-specific T cell response was associated with reduced surge of HBV DNA and HBcrAg during the first year of follow-up. The T cell response at EOT was comparable between different NA treatments. Notably, the overall HBV-specific T cell response could be partially restored along with clinical relapse; however, such reinvigorated T cell response was not associated with HBsAg seroclearance.

Conclusions

A higher HBc-specific T cell response at EOT was associated with lower risk of clinical relapse and reduced surge of HBV DNA and HBcrAg levels off NA therapy.

乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）特异性 T 细胞反应是宿主控制病毒的主要免疫反应。然而，目前还不清楚它如何影响慢性乙型肝炎患者的长期预后，尤其是那些停止核苷（t）ide 类似物（NA）治疗的患者。我们旨在探索治疗结束（EOT）时的乙肝病毒特异性 T 细胞反应是否与临床预后相关。在一项前瞻性队列研究中，我们招募了 51 名停止 NA 治疗的 HBeAg 阴性患者。在平均 25.3 个月的随访中，25 名患者出现临床复发。我们发现，EOT时较强的乙肝核心（HBc）特异性T细胞反应与较低的临床复发风险相关。与低反应组相比，高反应组的临床复发风险较低，危险比为 0.21（95% CI：0.05-0.88）。高HBc特异性T细胞应答与随访第一年期间HBV DNA和HBcrAg激增减少有关。不同的 NA 治疗方法在 EOT 时的 T 细胞反应相当。值得注意的是，随着临床复发，整体的 HBV 特异性 T 细胞反应可部分恢复；然而，这种恢复活力的 T 细胞反应与 HBsAg 血清清除无关。EOT时较高的HBc特异性T细胞应答与较低的临床复发风险以及NA治疗后HBV DNA和HBcrAg水平的激增有关。

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引用次数: 0

Mitigating treatment failure of pulmonary pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: The role of new and repurposed drugs 缓解肺部耐药结核病前期治疗失败：新药和重新设计用途的药物的作用 (r1)

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.04.008

Background

Pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR-TB), defined as multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) with additional resistance to any fluoroquinolone (FQ) is difficult to treat. We assessed whether the use of new or repurposed drugs (bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, carbapenem, clofazimine, pretomanid) mitigated treatment failure of pre-XDR-TB.

Methods

MDR-TB patients managed in the Taiwan MDR-TB consortium between July 2009–December 2019 were eligible. Treatment outcomes at 30 months were assessed. Logistic regression models were constructed to investigate factors associated with treatment outcomes.

Results

109 patients with FQ-resistant MDR-TB and 218 patients with FQ-susceptible MDR-TB were included. 60 (55.1%) patients with FQ-resistant MDR-TB and 63 (28.9%) patients with FQ-susceptible MDR-TB have been treated with new or repurposed drugs (p < 0.01). Of the 218 patients with FQ-susceptible MDR-TB, 187 (85.8%) had treatment success, 30 (13.8%) died, no treatment failure, and 1 (0.5%) was loss-to-follow-up; of the 109 patients with FQ-resistant MDR-TB, 78 (71.6%) had treatment success, 21 (19.3%) died, 9 (8.3%) had treatment failure, and 1 (0.9%) was loss-to-follow-up (p < 0.01). The use of new or repurposed drugs was not associated with treatment outcomes among patients with FQ-susceptible MDR-TB. No patients with FQ-resistant MDR-TB treated with ≥2 new or repurposed drugs within 6 months of treatment initiation had treatment failure (p = 0.03). Patients with FQ-resistant MDR-TB treated with 1 new or repurposed drugs was more likely to have treatment failure as compared with patients not treated with new or repurposed drugs (adjOR 7.06, 95% CI 1.72–29.06).

Conclusions

Proper use of new or repurposed anti-TB drugs can mitigate treatment failure in FQ-resistant MDR-TB.

耐药前结核病（pre-XDR-TB）是指对任何氟喹诺酮类药物（FQ）产生额外耐药性的耐多药结核病（MDR-TB），它很难治疗。我们评估了使用新药或再利用药物（贝达喹啉、地拉马尼、利奈唑烷、碳青霉烯、氯法齐明、丙托马尼）是否能缓解前 XDR-TB 的治疗失败。2009年7月至2019年12月期间在台湾MDR-TB联盟接受治疗的MDR-TB患者符合条件。评估了 30 个月的治疗结果。建立了逻辑回归模型来研究与治疗结果相关的因素。共纳入109例耐药FQ MDR-TB患者和218例FQ易感MDR-TB患者。60名（55.1%）耐FQ MDR-TB患者和63名（28.9%）FQ易感MDR-TB患者接受了新药或再用药治疗（P＜0.01）。在 218 例 FQ 易感 MDR-TB 患者中，187 例（85.8%）治疗成功，30 例（13.8%）死亡，无治疗失败，1 例（0.5%）失去随访；在 109 例 FQ 耐药 MDR-TB 患者中，78 例（71.6%）治疗成功，21 例（19.3%）死亡，9 例（8.3%）治疗失败，1 例（0.9%）失去随访（p < 0.01）。在易感 FQ 的 MDR-TB 患者中，新药或再利用药物的使用与治疗效果无关。耐 FQ MDR-TB 患者在开始治疗后 6 个月内使用了≥2 种新药或新用途药物，但没有出现治疗失败（p = 0.03）。与未使用新药或再利用药物治疗的患者相比，使用 1 种新药或再利用药物治疗的耐 FQ MDR-TB 患者更有可能出现治疗失败（adjOR 7.06，95% CI 1.72-29.06）。正确使用抗结核新药或新用途药物可减少耐 FQ MDR-TB 治疗失败的几率。

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引用次数: 0

Far-ultraviolet irradiation at 222 nm destroys and sterilizes the biofilms formed by periodontitis pathogens 波长为 222 纳米的远紫外线照射可破坏牙周炎病原体形成的生物膜并对其进行杀菌。

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.05.005

Background

Periodontal disease is the leading cause of tooth loss, and an association between periodontal disease and non-oral systemic diseases has been shown. Formation of biofilm by periodontal pathogens such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Streptococcus mutans and their resistance to antimicrobial agents are at the root of persistent and chronic bacterial infections.

Methods

The bactericidal effect of far-ultraviolet (F-UV) light irradiation at 222 nm on periodontal bacteria was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. The effect of biofilm disruption by F-UV light on periodontal bacteria was examined by crystal violet staining, and the morphologic changes of the biofilm after F-UV irradiation were explored by confocal laser microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. We developed a thin fiber-type 222 nm F-UV irradiator and studied its safety and effect of reducing bacteria in rodent models.

Results

F-UV light at 222 nm had a bactericidal effect on F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, and S. mutans. Irradiation with F-UV light reduced the biofilm formed by the bacteria and sterilized them from within. Confocal laser microscopy showed a clear reduction in biofilm thickness, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed disintegration of the biofilm architecture. F-UV irradiation was less damaging to DNA and less cytotoxic than deep-ultraviolet light, and it reduced bacterial counts on the tooth surface.

Conclusion

F-UV irradiation has the potential to destroy biofilm and act as a bactericide against pathogenic bacteria in the biofilm.

背景：牙周病是导致牙齿脱落的主要原因，牙周病与非口腔系统疾病之间存在关联。牙周病原体（如核酸镰刀菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌和变异链球菌）形成的生物膜及其对抗菌剂的耐药性是造成顽固性和慢性细菌感染的根源：方法：对波长为 222 纳米的远紫外线（F-UV）照射对牙周细菌的杀菌效果进行了定性和定量评估。用水晶紫染色法检测了远紫外光对牙周细菌生物膜的破坏作用，并用激光共聚焦显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了远紫外光照射后生物膜的形态变化。我们开发了一种细纤维型 222 纳米紫外线照射器，并在啮齿动物模型中研究了其安全性和减少细菌的效果：结果：波长为 222 nm 的 F-UV 光对 F. nucleatum、P. gingivalis 和 S. mutans 有杀菌作用。用紫外线照射可减少细菌形成的生物膜，并从内部杀菌。激光共聚焦显微镜显示生物膜厚度明显减少，扫描电子显微镜证实生物膜结构已经瓦解。与深紫外光相比，辐照紫外线对 DNA 的损伤较小，细胞毒性也较低，而且还能减少牙齿表面的细菌数量：结论：辐照紫外线有可能破坏生物膜，并对生物膜中的致病菌起到杀菌作用。

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引用次数: 0

Effectiveness and evolution of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein titers after three doses of COVID-19 vaccination in people with HIV 艾滋病毒感染者接种三剂 COVID-19 疫苗后抗 SARS-CoV-2 尖峰蛋白滴度的有效性和变化情况

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2024.02.004

Background

Real-world vaccine effectiveness following the third dose of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 remains less investigated among people with HIV (PWH).

Methods

PWH receiving the third dose of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 (either 50- or 100-μg) were enrolled. Participants were followed for 180 days until the fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 infection, seroconversion of anti-nucleocapsid IgG, death, or loss to follow-up. Anti-spike IgG was determined every 1–3 months.

Results

Of 1427 participants undergoing the third-dose COVID-19 vaccination, 632 (44.3%) received 100-μg mRNA-1273, 467 (32.8%) 50-μg mRNA-1273, and 328 (23.0%) BNT162b2 vaccine and the respective rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection or seroconversion of anti-nucleocapsid IgG was 246.1, 280.8 and 245.2 per 1000 person-months of follow-up (log-rank test, p = 0.28). Factors associated with achieving anti-S IgG titers >1047 BAU/mL included CD4 count <200 cells/mm³ (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.11; 95% CI, 0.04–0.31), plasma HIV RNA >200 copies/mL (aOR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.09–0.80), having achieved anti-spike IgG >141 BAU/mL within 3 months after primary vaccination (aOR, 3.69; 95% CI, 2.68–5.07), receiving BNT162b2 vaccine as the third dose (aOR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.10–0.41; reference, 100-μg mRNA-1273), and having previously received two doses of mRNA vaccine in primary vaccination (aOR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1,75-3.45; reference, no exposure to mRNA vaccine).

Conclusions

PWH receiving different types of the third dose of COVID-19 vaccine showed similar vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection. An additional dose with 100-μg mRNA-1273 could generate a higher antibody response than with 50-μg mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 vaccine.

对艾滋病病毒感染者（PWH）接种第三剂 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗后的实际效果调查仍然较少。接受第三剂 BNT162b2 和 mRNA-1273（50 或 100 微克）接种的艾滋病感染者被纳入调查范围。对参与者进行了为期 180 天的随访，直到接种第四剂 COVID-19 疫苗、感染 SARS-CoV-2、抗核头状病毒 IgG 血清转换、死亡或失去随访为止。抗尖峰抗体 IgG 每 1-3 个月测定一次。在接种第三剂 COVID-19 疫苗的 1427 名参与者中，632 人（44.3%）接种了 100μg mRNA-1273，467 人（32.8%）接种了 50μg mRNA-1273，328 人（23.0%）接种了 BNT162b2 疫苗，SARS-CoV-2 感染率或抗核苷酸 IgG 血清转换率分别为每 1000 人月 246.1、280.8 和 245.2（log-rank 检验，P=0.28）。与抗 S IgG 滴度 >1047 BAU/mL 相关的因素包括 CD4 计数 200 copies/mL（aOR，0.27；95% CI，0.09-0.80）、接种初级疫苗后 3 个月内抗尖头病毒 IgG >141 BAU/mL（aOR，3.69；95% CI，2.68-5.07），接种第三剂 BNT162b2 疫苗（aOR，0.20；95% CI，0.10-0.41；参考值，100-μg mRNA-1273），以及在初次接种时接种过两剂 mRNA 疫苗（aOR，2.46；95% CI，1.75-3.45；参考值，未接种过 mRNA 疫苗）。接种不同类型 COVID-19 第三剂疫苗的公共卫生人员在预防 SARS-CoV-2 感染方面表现出相似的效果。与 50-μg mRNA-1273 和 BNT162b2 疫苗相比，额外接种 100-μg mRNA-1273 可产生更高的抗体反应。

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