Canadian Journal of Anesthesia-Journal Canadien D Anesthesie最新文献

Overview: The Guidelines to the Practice of Anesthesia-Revised Edition 2025 (the Guidelines) were prepared by the Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society (CAS), which reserves the right to determine the publication and distribution of the Guidelines. The Guidelines are subject to revision and updated versions are published annually. The Guidelines supersede all previously published versions of this document. Although the CAS encourages Canadian anesthesiologists to adhere to its practice guidelines to ensure high-quality patient care, the CAS cannot guarantee any specific patient outcome. Anesthesiologists should exercise their own professional judgement in determining the proper course of action for any patient's circumstances. The CAS assumes no responsibility or liability for any error or omission arising from the use of any information contained in its Guidelines to the Practice of Anesthesia.

Purpose: Residual neuromuscular blockade can impair postoperative respiratory mechanics, promoting hypoxemia and pulmonary complications. Sugammadex, with its unique mechanism of action, may offer a more effective reversal of neuromuscular blockade and respiratory function than neostigmine. We sought to test the primary hypothesis that children undergoing noncardiac surgery exhibit better initial recovery oxygenation when administered sugammadex than those administered neostigmine. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate if children administered sugammadex experience fewer in-hospital pulmonary complications.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from children aged 2-17 yr who underwent noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia and received neostigmine or sugammadex between January 2017 and April 2023 at the Cleveland Clinic Main Campus. Our primary outcome was postoperative oxygenation defined by the mean SpO₂/F_IO₂ ratio during the initial hour in the postanesthesia care unit. The secondary outcome was a composite of postoperative pulmonary complications during the hospital stay.

Results: Among 3,523 cases, 430 (12.5%) involved sugammadex and 3,081 (87.5%) involved neostigmine. The median [interquartile range] of the mean SpO₂/F_IO₂ ratio during the first postoperative hour was 403 [356-464] in the sugammadex group and 408 [357-462] in the neostigmine group, resulting in an estimated difference in means of -6.2 (95% confidence interval, -12.8 to 0.41; P = 0.07) after inverse probability of treatment weighting. Overall, 22/1,916 (1.1%) inpatients experienced postoperative pulmonary complications; 2.0% of patients given sugammadex and 1.0% of patients administered neostigmine developed postoperative pulmonary complications (P = 0.19).

Conclusion: In this retrospective cohort study, postoperative oxygenation was similar in children after reversal of neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex versus neostigmine.

Purpose: We report the use of a pericapsular nerve group (PENG) cryoneurolysis for longer-term analgesia in a patient with a hip fracture and severe medical comorbidities as an alternative to hip fracture surgery.

Clinical features: A frail but lucid and fully autonomous 97-yr-old female from an assisted living facility sustained a subcapital fracture of her right proximal femur following a ground level fall. She had significant comorbidities including end-stage respiratory disease. An attempt was made to proceed with a hemiarthroplasty; however, following a spinal anesthetic with 2 mL of 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine, she suffered significant respiratory compromise resulting in abortion of the surgical procedure. A multidisciplinary shared decision was made for palliative nonoperative management (P-NOM), and PENG cryoneurolysis was successfully performed. This significantly reduced the patient's pain on movement, which greatly enhanced and facilitated nursing care for the patient. She no longer required any opioid analgesia for the remainer of her stay, and residual pain was managed with regular acetaminophen. She was able to get up to standing with the help of the physiotherapist or nursing staff, who commented favourably on her improvement after cryoneurolysis. She continued to do well and was discharged to an assisted living facility seven days later.

Conclusion: Our case report shows that PENG cryoneurolysis can be used as an option for P-NOM in hip fracture surgery to provide significant and durable pain relief for those patients who may not be suitable for anesthesia and surgery.

Purpose: Class III obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 40 kg·m^-2) is associated with high rates of Cesarean deliveries and postpartum hemorrhage, with increased maternal and fetal morbidity. The doses of oxytocin and carbetocin are two to four times higher at Cesarean delivery in patients with class III obesity. We sought to investigate the efficacy of carbetocin 80 µg iv compared with oxytocin 1 IU iv (plus infusion) at elective Cesarean delivery in parturients with class III obesity. We hypothesized that, with equipotent dosing, carbetocin would be noninferior to oxytocin.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority study in nonlabouring, term parturients with BMI ≥ 40 kg·m^-2 undergoing elective Cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia. Patients received either a 1-IU bolus of oxytocin iv followed by an infusion of 4.8 IU·hr^-1 or an 80-µg carbetocin bolus iv followed by a placebo infusion. Uterine tone was determined by palpation by the obstetrician at 3, 5, and 10 min, using a verbal numerical rating score of 0 (boggy) to 10 (firm). The primary outcome was uterine tone at 3 min. Secondary outcomes included uterine tone at 5 and 10 min, blood loss, additional uterotonics, and side effects.

Results: Forty-seven participants were included in the analysis. Median tone at 3 min was similar for oxytocin (8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7 to 8) and carbetocin (8; 95% CI, 8 to 9) (P = 0.06), with no difference at 5 and 10 min. Blood loss, side effects, and the need for additional uterotonics were not significantly different between the study groups.

Conclusion: We conclude that carbetocin is noninferior to oxytocin at elective Cesarean delivery in parturients with class III obesity, with the advantage of single bolus dosing without infusion.

Study registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT04902729 ); first submitted 21 May 2021.

Purpose: The use of patient/family-centred written summaries to supplement verbal information may be useful to improve knowledge and reduce anxiety related to patient transfer from the intensive care unit (ICU) to a hospital ward. We aimed to identify essential elements to include in an ICU-specific patient-oriented discharge summary tool (PODS-ICU).

Methods: We conducted a mixed methods study. Participants were ICU patients who were transitioning to a hospital ward and clinicians. We used a validated questionnaire to measure the relocation stress of patients, and standardized questions to qualitatively explore patients' needs during the transition, as well as perspectives of clinician stakeholders. Inductive thematic analysis was used for the qualitative analysis.

Results: We recruited 22 participants, including ten patients and 12 clinician stakeholders. Of ten patients, 50-100% reported positive experiences during the transition and 10-30% reported negative experiences. From all participants' perspectives, we identified the following essential elements for the PODS-ICU: the reason for transition, a summary of the ICU course, a clinical update, destination ward details, medication reconciliation, a future care plan, and the planned follow-up by the ICU outreach team. Family presence and earlier notification of an upcoming transfer were identified as support needs to help patients prepare mentally and reduce transfer anxiety. Moreover, using positive communication with patients when providing transfer details and using the brief standardized transfer tool were recommended to improve transition care.

Conclusions: We identified informational gaps in patient and family knowledge at the time of transfer from the ICU to a ward, which informed essential elements for the PODS-ICU. The PODS-ICU may reduce transfer anxiety and improve care during the transition from the ICU.

Purpose: Safe perioperative management of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is crucial. Remimazolam is a newly developed short-acting benzodiazepine. We hypothesized that combining remimazolam and flumazenil would reduce emergence time compared with sevoflurane in patients undergoing general anesthesia for TAVI.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, parallel-design, open-label, single-centre clinical trial between June 2022 and August 2023 at Kagoshima University Hospital. We allocated patients randomly to either the remimazolam/flumazenil group or the sevoflurane group. Patients in the remimazolam group received iv remimazolam whereas patients in the sevoflurane group received sevoflurane for general anesthesia maintenance. Patients in both groups received a remifentanil infusion throughout the TAVI procedure (0.2 μg·kg^-1·min^-1 iv). Remimazolam and sevoflurane were adjusted to maintain a Bispectral Index™ (Covidien/Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) of 40-60. In the remimazolam group, flumazenil (0.2 mg iv) was administered immediately after remimazolam discontinuation. The primary outcome was time to extubation. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative variables (hemodynamic variables and vasopressor dose), rate of intra- and postoperative complications, and recovery of muscle strength.

Results: Overall, 60 patients were enrolled, and data from 56 were included. The median [interquartile range] time to extubation was significantly shorter in the remimazolam group than in the sevoflurane group (6.5 [5.1-8.1] min vs 14.2 [10.9-15.9] min; difference in medians, -6.9 min; 95% confidence interval, -8.7 to -5.0; P < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were observed in the perfusion index (P = 0.03) and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (P = 0.03) between the groups. No significant differences between the two groups were seen in other secondary outcomes.

Conclusions: Compared with sevoflurane, a combination of remimazolam and flumazenil significantly reduced the time to extubation in patients undergoing general anesthesia for TAVI. Therefore, remimazolam may be a suitable choice for general anesthesia in patients undergoing TAVI.

Study registration: UMIN.ac.jp ( UMIN000047892 ); first posted 30 May 2022.