Safety and Health at Work最新文献_第3页

Effect of Prolonged Use of Different Facemasks on Their Physical Performance and Physiological Impact on the Wearer 长期使用不同口罩对其物理性能的影响及对佩戴者的生理影响

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.06.001

Baderin Osman , Muhammad Zubir Yusof , Haalah Mahmud

Background

Most published studies on potential facemask physical performances and physiological impairments had shorter observation periods, and the observed occupational physical activities had limited relevance to real occupational work. Thus, our study aimed to assess the impact of prolonged mask use on its physical performances and the associated physiological responses in wearers.

Methods

The recruitment of study participants took place between November 2022 and March 2023. Facemask penetration and breathing resistance measurements were obtained at 4 and 8 hours using the TSI Model 8130 Automated Filter Tester and the INSPEC Breathing Resistance Rig. Facial skin temperature and transepidermal water loss were quantified using thermal imaging cameras and vapometers, respectively.

Results

A total of 216 workers participated in the study. A significant reduction in penetration (p < 0.001, partial Ƞ² = 0.1) and an increase in breathing resistance (p < 0.001, partial Ƞ² = 0.9) were observed only in case of surgical masks worn by cleaners after 8 hours. Facial skin temperature increased after 8 hours for KF94 (p < 0.001, partial Ƞ² = 0.2), surgical mask (p < 0.001, partial Ƞ² = 0.4), and cloth mask (p < 0.001, partial Ƞ² = 0.2). All three facemasks had a statistically significant interaction with use on facial skin temperature. Higher transepidermal water loss was only observed for the cloth mask (F (p = 0.034, partial Ƞ² = 0.02).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that prolonged use of face masks can lead to a deterioration in penetration, breathing resistance, and physiological impairment for the mask wearer. The implications are particularly critical for high–occupational activity jobs requiring prolonged use of masks.

大多数已发表的关于潜在的口罩物理性能和生理损伤的研究都有较短的观察时间，并且观察到的职业物理活动与实际职业工作的相关性有限。因此，我们的研究旨在评估长时间使用口罩对其物理性能和佩戴者相关生理反应的影响。方法研究参与者的招募于2022年11月至2023年3月进行。使用TSI 8130型自动过滤器测试仪和INSPEC呼吸阻力钻机，在4和8小时获得面罩穿透和呼吸阻力测量。面部皮肤温度和经皮失水分别用热像仪和蒸发仪进行量化。结果共有216名员工参与了本次研究。仅在清洁工在8小时后佩戴外科口罩的情况下，观察到穿透性的显著降低（p < 0.001，部分Ƞ2 = 0.1）和呼吸阻力的增加（p < 0.001，部分Ƞ2 = 0.9）。KF94 （p < 0.001，部分Ƞ2 = 0.2）、外科口罩（p < 0.001，部分Ƞ2 = 0.4）和布口罩（p < 0.001，部分Ƞ2 = 0.2）在8小时后面部皮肤温度升高。所有三种口罩与面部皮肤温度的使用有统计学显著的相互作用。经皮失水较高的只有布口罩(F （p = 0.034，部分Ƞ2 = 0.02）。结论长时间佩戴口罩会导致佩戴者穿透性、呼吸阻力下降和生理损伤。对于需要长时间使用口罩的高职业活动工作，这一影响尤为重要。

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引用次数: 0

Differences in Upper Extremity Muscle Activity, Neck Angle, and Body Discomfort Between Tablet Usage With Virtual Keyboard and Bluetooth Keyboard 使用虚拟键盘和蓝牙键盘的平板电脑对上肢肌肉活动、颈部角度和身体不适的影响

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.05.001

Praphatson Sengsoon , Kanruethai Threesittidath , Thunyaporn Singhadacha , Suchanat Saengthong

Background

The objective was to compare the differences in muscle activity of the upper extremities, neck angles, and body discomfort during tablet use between virtual and Bluetooth keyboards.

Methods

Twenty-four female volunteers were randomly assigned to use a tablet with keyboard for typing articles. The first order was randomly selected for 30 min, with a 30-minute break before the next keyboard layout test began.

Results

The result showed a statistically significant difference in the muscle activity of the upper trapezius while using a tablet between the two types of keyboards (p < 0.001). In addition, there were statistically significant differences in muscle activities of the upper trapezius (p < 0.05), extensor digitorum communis (EDC) (p < 0.001), and flexor digitorum superficialis (p < 0.001), craniohorizontal angle (p < 0.001) and craniovertebral angle (p < 0.001), and body discomfort in the neck and shoulder areas before and after using the tablet with each keyboard (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Tablet use with the two types of keyboards induced an increase in muscle activity, neck flexion angles, and body discomfort, which may contribute to the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study may serve as a basis for developing guidelines to reduce the risk of MSDs during tablet use.

目的是比较虚拟键盘和蓝牙键盘在使用平板电脑时上肢肌肉活动、颈部角度和身体不适方面的差异。方法随机选取24名女性志愿者，使用带键盘的平板电脑打字。第一个顺序被随机选择30分钟，在下一次键盘布局测试开始前有30分钟的休息时间。结果两种键盘使用平板电脑时，斜方肌上部肌肉活动差异有统计学意义（p < 0.001）。此外，使用平板电脑前后，上斜方肌（p < 0.05）、指共伸肌（EDC）（p < 0.001）、指浅屈肌（p < 0.001）、颅水平角（p < 0.001）、颅椎角（p < 0.001）的肌肉活动以及颈部、肩部部位的身体不适程度差异均有统计学意义（p < 0.05）。结论平板电脑与两种键盘配合使用会导致肌肉活动增加、颈部屈曲角度增加、身体不适，可能是导致肌肉骨骼疾病（MSDs）发生的原因之一。本研究可作为制定指南的基础，以降低片剂使用过程中MSDs的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Literature Review on Construction Safety Resilience: A Bibliometric Analysis to Map the State of the Art 建筑安全弹性的文献回顾：以文献计量学分析来反映目前的状况

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.05.004

Zhen Hu, Siyuan Li, Changquan He, Yuzhong Shen, Heng Zhong, Siyi Li

Background

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress on construction safety resilience and sets up a three-subdimension concept framework (structural resilience, psychological resilience, and managerial resilience) with the theory of engineering resilience.

Methods

With a three-step review method based on document metrics analysis and scientific measurements, this study screened 1,018 related articles published on the Web of Science, and 168 articles were finally selected as research samples. The VOSviewer software was used to analyze the number of publications, the journals, and the keyword co-occurrence. The software-generated visual graphics and tables were described and summarized.

Results

The results show that the existing research on construction safety resilience mainly focuses on three streams: structural resilience, psychological resilience, and managerial resilience. Previous studies on structural resilience mostly focus on the physical aspect of a construction project, while the research on psychological and managerial resilience mainly relates with the personal and managerial aspects of a construction project, respectively. The differences, influencing factors, and measuring methods for these three research streams on construction safety resilience were also explored. Future studies could distinguish them more clearly with their definitions, measurements, and relationships.

Conclusion

This study helps to clarify the framework of construction safety resilience and provides a theoretical basis for the evaluation and development of resilient construction safety management, which may be beneficial for future studies on construction safety resilience.

本研究综述了建筑安全弹性的研究进展，并以工程弹性理论为基础，构建了结构弹性、心理弹性和管理弹性三个维度的概念框架。方法采用文献计量分析和科学测量相结合的三步回顾法，筛选Web of Science上发表的1018篇相关论文，最终选取168篇作为研究样本。采用VOSviewer软件对论文发表数量、期刊数量、关键词共现情况进行分析。对软件生成的可视化图形和表格进行了描述和总结。结果现有的建筑安全弹性研究主要集中在结构弹性、心理弹性和管理弹性三个方面。以往对结构弹性的研究主要集中在建筑项目的物理方面，而对心理弹性和管理弹性的研究主要涉及建筑项目的个人方面和管理方面。探讨了三种研究方向在建筑安全弹性方面的差异、影响因素和测量方法。未来的研究可以更清楚地区分它们的定义、测量和关系。结论本研究有助于厘清建筑安全弹性的框架，为弹性建筑安全管理的评价和发展提供理论依据，对未来建筑安全弹性的研究有益。

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引用次数: 0

Ineffectiveness of Water Mist Spray to the Upper Body of Healthy Adults in Suppressing Core Temperature Under Windless Environment 无风环境下健康成人上半身水雾喷雾抑制核心温度的无效研究

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.05.003

Kimie Fukuzawa , Kimiyo Mori , Kahori Hashimoto , Riho Tanaka , Chikage Nagano , Seichi Horie

Background

Global warming has increased heat-related illness concerns. Water misting is used for workplace cooling, but its effect on core body temperature is unclear.

Methods

We examined whether spraying water mist on the upper body suppresses the increase in core body temperature in hot and humid environments. Nine healthy adult men exercised for 60 min on a bicycle ergometer at four metabolic equivalents under two conditions: warm-humid environment (30 °C ambient temperature [T_a], 85% relative humidity [RH]) and hot-dry (HD) environment (40 °C T_a, 30% RH). Water mist (MIST) or no mist (CON) was applied to the back of the head, neck, and dorsum of hands every 10 min.

Results

Rectal temperature changes were similar between conditions, but peak temperatures were slightly higher with MIST (38.32°C vs. 38.14°C, p = 0.074) in HD environments. The estimated sweat volume was lower with MIST, especially in HD settings.

Conclusion

Water mist does not prevent core temperature increases and should be avoided in extremely hot environments.

全球变暖增加了人们对热相关疾病的担忧。水雾用于工作场所降温，但其对核心体温的影响尚不清楚。方法观察在湿热环境下，上半身喷洒水雾是否能抑制核心体温的升高。9名健康成年男性在两种条件下，分别在四种代谢当量的自行车测力器上锻炼60分钟：暖湿环境（30°C环境温度[Ta]， 85%相对湿度[RH]）和干热环境（40°C环境温度，30%相对湿度）。每10分钟用水雾（mist）或无雾（CON）涂抹于后脑、颈、手背。结果两种条件下的直肠温度变化相似，但HD环境下MIST的峰值温度略高（38.32°C vs. 38.14°C, p = 0.074）。MIST估计的汗液量较低，特别是在高清设置中。结论水雾不能有效防止核心温度升高，应避免在极热环境中使用。

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引用次数: 0

Long Working Hours and Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 长时间工作与血脂异常：一项系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.07.004

Chan Young Lee , Seung Yeon Jeon , Joonho Ahn , Ji-Hun Song , Mo-Yeol Kang

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the association between long working hours and dyslipidemia risk, as well as changes in blood lipid levels, through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Studies were identified through PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, with data published until October 2024. Observational and interventional studies examining the relationship between long working hours and dyslipidemia or lipid profiles were included. Dyslipidemia was defined based on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), or total cholesterol levels. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using fixed-effects models and pooled unstandardized mean differences in the lipid levels were calculated using random-effects models, with subgroup analyses conducted to assess the effects of study design, lipid profiles, and exposure definitions.

Results

A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. The resuls of meta-analysis showed that long working hours are associated with a significant 10% increase in dyslipidemia risk (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04–1.17). Subgroup analyses revealed that the association was stronger in cohort studies (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05–1.20) and among individuals with high LDL-C levels (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.01–1.67). Differences in HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, and total cholesterol were observed but were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Long working hours are modestly associated with an increased risk of dyslipidemia. These findings provide evidence for developing workplace-based dyslipidemia prevention programs.

本研究旨在通过系统回顾和荟萃分析来评估长时间工作与血脂异常风险以及血脂水平变化之间的关系。方法根据流行病学观察性研究的首选报告项目（PRISMA）和荟萃分析（MOOSE）指南进行系统评价和荟萃分析。通过PubMed， EMBASE和Cochrane图书馆确定研究，数据发布至2024年10月。观察性和干入性研究考察了长时间工作与血脂异常或血脂谱之间的关系。血脂异常的定义基于低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、甘油三酯（TG）或总胆固醇水平。使用固定效应模型计算合并优势比（or），使用随机效应模型计算合并非标准化平均脂质水平差异，并进行亚组分析以评估研究设计、脂质概况和暴露定义的影响。结果共有20项研究符合纳入标准。荟萃分析结果显示，长时间工作与血脂异常风险显著增加10%相关（OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.17）。亚组分析显示，在队列研究（OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05-1.20）和高LDL-C水平个体（OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.01-1.67）中，相关性更强。观察到HDL-C、LDL-C、TG和总胆固醇的差异，但无统计学意义。结论长时间工作与血脂异常风险增加有一定关系。这些发现为制定以工作场所为基础的血脂异常预防计划提供了证据。

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引用次数: 0

Measuring Potential of a Candidate for a Job in the Light of Psychotechnical Tests and the Use of Selected Methods of Multivariate Analysis 根据心理技术测试和使用多元分析的选定方法来测量候选人的工作潜力

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.04.007

Zygmunt Korban, Maja Taraszkiewicz – Łyda

Background

The article presents a way to use the so-called "raw” results of psychotechnical tests in the process of broadly understood personnel policy. Based on the "raw” results of psychotechnical tests, the authors performed the so-called synthetic/aggregate assessments. From a computational perspective, the study employed: a popular multiattribute decision making (MADM) method—the Development Meter method—for decision-making evaluation. Czekanowski's method, one of the earliest and most significant approaches to object clustering.

Methods

The proposed computational procedures using the synthetic meter and Czekanowski's method are discussed based on the results of tests conducted on a group of students on selected apparatuses that allow the implementation of psychotechnical tests, in relation to which reaction time plays a key role (the Piórkowski apparatus, a cross apparatus, a reaction time meter and Poppelreuter tables).

Results

The authors used the results of a psychotechnical study conducted on a randomly selected group of full-time students through the use of two selected taxonomic methods to linearly organize the classified "objects,” determine their similarity/differences, and group them. In the Development Meter method, objects were compared to abstract reference solutions (ideal objects), allowing the calculation of distances between each object and the reference solution(s). In Czekanowski's method, perceived as a universal statistical classification technique, a Euclidean distance matrix was used to define similarity intervals by categorizing distances into different classes.

Conclusion

In the future, the authors would like to use the above-mentioned method for cyclic analysis of the results of measurements obtained on the entire population of students,which can provide important information for entrepreneurs looking for graduates with specific psychophysical predispositions.

本文提出了一种在广泛理解的人事政策过程中使用所谓心理技术测试“原始”结果的方法。根据心理技术测试的“原始”结果，提交人进行了所谓的综合/综合评估。从计算的角度来看，本研究采用了一种流行的多属性决策（MADM）方法——发展量表法（Development Meter method）进行决策评估。Czekanowski的方法，最早也是最重要的对象聚类方法之一。方法根据对一组学生在选定的允许实施心理技术测试的设备上进行的测试结果，讨论了使用合成仪表和切卡诺夫斯基方法的拟议计算程序，其中反应时间起着关键作用（Piórkowski装置，交叉装置，反应时间计和Poppelreuter表）。结果作者利用随机选取的全日制学生进行的心理技术研究结果，通过两种选择的分类方法，将分类的“对象”线性组织，确定其相似性/差异性，并将其分组。在开发测量方法中，将对象与抽象参考解决方案（理想对象）进行比较，从而计算每个对象与参考解决方案之间的距离。切卡诺夫斯基的方法被认为是一种通用的统计分类技术，该方法使用欧几里得距离矩阵通过将距离划分为不同的类别来定义相似区间。结论在未来，作者希望利用上述方法对整个学生群体的测量结果进行循环分析，为企业家寻找具有特定心理生理倾向的毕业生提供重要信息。

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引用次数: 0

Occupational Hazards in Lead-acid Battery Factories in Bangladesh: Assessing Excess Heat, Noise, Chemical Exposures, and Health Impacts on Workers 孟加拉国铅酸蓄电池工厂的职业危害：评估过热、噪音、化学品接触和对工人健康的影响

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2024.06.004

Shobhan Das , Tilak C. Nath , Matiur Rahman , Jamal Uddin , Naznin Naher , Margia Akter , Masudur Rahman , Atin Adhikari

Background

Lead-acid battery (LAB) manufacturing is growing in Bangladesh because of the expanding automotive industry and low lead prices. Although these factories employ a big workforce, the working environment has led to concerns about the possible health risks for employees. This study aimed to address this issue by investigating workplace chemical and physical hazards in three LAB industries and evaluating health outcomes among workers.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 72 LAB factory workers, and participants were recruited by simple random sampling. A validated questionnaire was used to collect information on self-reported exposures to physical and chemical risks and related health effects. Data analysis was performed by using statistical software SPSS version 25.

Results

The age and work experience (Mean ± SD) of the participants were 34.2 ± 7.7 and 10.0 ± 5.7 years, respectively. High workplace temperature and noise from machinery, chemical odors, and skin exposure to acid (H₂SO₄) were reported by 52.8%, 51.4%, and 20.8% of workers, respectively. Insomnia (25.0%), abdominal pain (18.1%), joint pain (38.9%), memory loss (19.4%), headache (15.3%), low back pain (47.2%), eyesight problem (19.4%), physical weakness (47.2%), and hypertension (19.4%) were all common symptoms among the workers.

Conclusion

Our study findings indicate that workers in LAB factories in Bangladesh are exposed to extreme temperatures, hazardous materials, and uncomfortable levels of noise, which can lead to serious health risks. To ensure the safety and well-being of employees, the LAB manufacturing sector in Bangladesh requires the immediate implementation of proper occupational health and safety standards.

背景：由于不断扩大的汽车工业和较低的铅价，孟加拉国的铅酸电池（LAB）制造业正在增长。尽管这些工厂雇佣了大量的劳动力，但工作环境已经引起了人们对员工可能面临的健康风险的担忧。本研究旨在通过调查三个LAB行业的工作场所化学和物理危害并评估工人的健康结果来解决这一问题。方法采用简单随机抽样的方法，对72名LAB工厂工人进行横断面调查。使用一份有效的问卷收集关于自我报告的物理和化学风险暴露及其相关健康影响的信息。采用SPSS 25版统计软件进行数据分析。结果被试的年龄和工作经验（Mean±SD）分别为34.2±7.7岁和10.0±5.7岁。52.8%、51.4%和20.8%的工人分别报告了工作场所的高温和机械噪音、化学气味和皮肤暴露于酸（H2SO4）。失眠（25.0%）、腹痛（18.1%）、关节痛（38.9%）、记忆力减退（19.4%）、头痛（15.3%）、腰痛（47.2%）、视力问题（19.4%）、身体虚弱（47.2%）和高血压（19.4%）是工人的常见症状。我们的研究结果表明，孟加拉国实验室工厂的工人暴露在极端温度、有害物质和令人不舒服的噪音中，这可能导致严重的健康风险。为确保雇员的安全和福祉，孟加拉国劳顾会制造部门要求立即执行适当的职业健康和安全标准。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative Analysis of the Factors that Influence Welding Fume Exposure via ART Modelling 基于ART模型的焊接烟尘暴露影响因素定量分析

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.06.004

Wei Jiang, Yuan Xu, Mengqi Zhang, Shengxiang Ma

Background

Welding fumes from industrial operations pose serious health risks. This study aimed to investigate the factors driving changes in welding fume exposure by analyzing key factors using the Advanced REACH Tool (ART) for dust exposure assessment in building materials enterprises.

Methods

The dust exposure of 18 building materials enterprises was compared using ART model assessments and measured data. Multiple covariance analysis identified key influencing factors consistent with field conditions. Finally, correlation and regression analyses evaluated the relationships between these factors and dust exposure.

Results

The ART model showed the highest agreement with field data at the 95th percentile. Correlation and regression analyses identified moisture content, surface contamination/emissions, and dust particle size as the main influencing factors.

Conclusion

Mitigating occupational health risks requires prioritized control of moisture content, followed by dust particle size and surface contamination/emission. Targeted control of these parameters supports actionable strategies to reduce occupational health risks from welding fume exposure.

工业作业产生的焊接烟雾对健康构成严重威胁。本研究旨在利用建筑材料企业粉尘暴露评估先进REACH工具（ART）对关键因素进行分析，探讨影响焊接烟尘暴露变化的因素。方法采用ART模型评价和实测数据对18家建材企业粉尘暴露进行比较。多重协方差分析确定了与田间条件一致的关键影响因素。最后通过相关分析和回归分析评价了这些因素与粉尘暴露的关系。结果ART模型在第95百分位与现场数据的一致性最高。相关分析和回归分析表明，水分含量、地表污染/排放和粉尘粒径是主要影响因素。结论降低职业健康风险应优先控制含水率，其次是粉尘粒径和表面污染/排放。有针对性的控制这些参数支持可操作的策略，以减少职业健康风险的焊接烟雾暴露。

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引用次数: 0

Approach to Chemical Health Risk Assessment for Maintenance Workers at Electronics Manufacturing Facilities 电子制造工厂维修工人化学品健康风险评估方法

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.07.001

Kyong-Hui Lee , Sangjun Choi , Kyung Ehi Zoh , Dong-Hee Koh , Won Kim , Dong-Uk Park

Background

Maintenance workers in the electronics manufacturing industry are exposed to a diverse combination of gaseous and particulate substances, yet specific guidance for assessing their chemical health risks remains limited. The aims of this study are to develop a stepwise framework approach for qualitatively assessing hazard severity, exposure probability, and chemical health risks for maintenance workers at electronic manufacturing facilities, and to propose a method for categorizing these factors through occupational health risk assessment (OHRA).

Methods

We developed a stepwise framework for qualitatively assessing the health risks posed by chemicals to maintenance workers in electronics facilities. This framework employs a semiquantitative approach using ordinal scores to evaluate the severity of chemical hazards and the likelihood of exposure, particularly in situations where representative measurement data for multiple chemicals are unavailable.

Results

The framework assesses hazard severity qualitatively by considering the number of chemicals and the presence of carcinogenic, mutagenic, or reprotoxic substances or sensitizing hazards. A qualitative approach to estimating the likelihood of exposure is recommended, focusing on the effectiveness of engineering controls, the frequency and duration of maintenance works and tasks (MW), and the use of air jets. Two examples of a qualitative chemical OHRA for maintenance workers are given, one for a moderate hazard chemical integrating several exposure factors, and the second for MW on an ion implanter.

Conclusion

Further research is needed to validate this method and to develop additional practical guidance for the assessment of chemical health risks associated with MW.

电子制造业的维修工人接触到各种气体和颗粒物质的组合，但评估其化学健康风险的具体指导仍然有限。摘要本研究的目的在于建立一套循序渐进的框架方法，以定性评估电子制造工厂维修工人的危害程度、暴露概率和化学健康风险，并提出一种通过职业健康风险评估（OHRA）对这些因素进行分类的方法。方法建立了一个逐步定性评估化学物质对电子设备维修人员健康风险的框架。该框架采用半定量方法，使用序数分数来评估化学品危害的严重程度和暴露的可能性，特别是在无法获得多种化学品的代表性测量数据的情况下。结果该框架通过考虑化学物质的数量以及致癌、致突变或生殖毒性物质或致敏危害的存在，定性地评估了危害的严重程度。建议采用定性方法来估计暴露的可能性，重点关注工程控制的有效性、维修工作和任务（MW）的频率和持续时间以及喷气机的使用。本文给出了两个用于维修工人的定性化学OHRA的例子，一个是包含几个暴露因素的中等危害化学品，另一个是离子注入器上的MW。结论需要进一步的研究来验证该方法的有效性，并为MW相关的化学健康风险评估提供额外的实用指导。

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引用次数: 0

Occupational Safety and Health Risks of Informal Waste Workers in Nepal: A Mapping Review 尼泊尔非正式废物处理工人的职业安全和健康风险：绘图审查

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Safety and Health at Work

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2025.07.003

Samikshya Badal , Kyle Holland , Margaret Foster , Aurora B. Le

Background

Informal waste workers (IWWs) are a crucial yet under-protected worker population. IWWs in low- and middle-income countries encounter numerous occupational safety and health (OSH) hazards but are without regulatory protections. In Nepal, rapid urbanization and inadequate waste management systems have led to thousands of IWWs. The objective of this mapping review is to synthesize the existing literature on OSH hazards encountered by Nepalese IWWs. Evidence on this worker population in Nepal has yet to be summarized and this review highlights practice and research gaps that can inform future evidence-based policies and interventions.

Methods

Inclusion criteria included English language research (1996–2024) exploring OSH risks in Nepalese IWWs. Studies focusing on formal workers, non-Nepalese, or non-OSH outcomes were excluded. Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, and Journals@Ovid) and grey literature (WorldCat, Dimensions, OpenAlex, and Google Scholar) were searched, compiled, and analyzed using Covidence .

Results

A total of N = 6 studies were included in the study (four cross-sectional and two mixed methods) with a total 2,860 participants, predominantly from the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. High prevalence of physical injury (66.2%), respiratory symptoms (69.9%), elevated blood lead levels (mean: 11.68 μg/dL), and mental health issues (27.4% depressive symptoms) were reported. Similarly, personal protective equipment (PPE) use was limited (32.4%), with IWWs citing cost and discomfort as primary reasons for not using it. Women IWWs were subject to higher mental health risks and social stigma.

Conclusion

Nepalese IWWs are exposed to severe OSH risks driven by systemic neglect. Prioritized interventions include formalization of work, increasing PPE access, and gender-inclusive policies.

背景非正规废物处理工人（IWWs）是一个至关重要但保护不足的工人群体。低收入和中等收入国家的外来务工人员面临许多职业安全和健康危害，但没有监管保护。在尼泊尔，快速的城市化和不完善的废物管理系统导致了成千上万的IWWs。这一绘图审查的目的是综合现有的文献关于尼泊尔IWWs遇到的职业安全与健康危害。关于尼泊尔这一工人人口的证据尚未得到总结，本综述突出了实践和研究的差距，可以为未来的循证政策和干预措施提供信息。方法纳入标准为英语语言研究（1996-2024），探讨尼泊尔IWWs的职业安全与健康风险。排除了针对正式工人、非尼泊尔人或非职业安全与卫生结果的研究。使用covid - ence对五个数据库（MEDLINE、Embase、Global Health、CINAHL和Journals@Ovid）和灰色文献（WorldCat、Dimensions、OpenAlex和谷歌Scholar）进行检索、编译和分析。结果本研究共纳入N = 6项研究（4项横断面方法和2项混合方法），共有2,860名参与者，主要来自尼泊尔加德满都谷地。据报道，身体损伤（66.2%）、呼吸系统症状（69.9%）、血铅水平升高（平均11.68 μg/dL）和精神健康问题（27.4%有抑郁症状）的患病率较高。同样，个人防护装备（PPE）的使用有限（32.4%），IWWs认为成本和不适是不使用PPE的主要原因。外籍妇女面临更高的心理健康风险和社会耻辱。结论尼泊尔外来务工人员由于系统疏忽，面临严重的职业安全健康风险。优先干预措施包括工作正规化、增加个人防护装备获取和性别包容政策。

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引用次数: 0